(By BB Sir)1

AMBITION ACADEMY SECONDARY School

(c) wavelength
(d) amplitude and same wavelength

Model Set-1 (XII Physics)

7. What is the phase change in a traveling wave when reflected from the open
Circle the best alternative to the following questions (11 × 1 = 11) boundary?
Group 'A' (a) π rad
(b) π/4 rad
1. K1 and K2 are the radii of gyrations of a uniform rod about the axes passing (c) π/2 rad
through its center and one end respectively and perpendicular to its length.
(d) No change
K1: K2 is equal to:
(a) 1:1 (b) 1:2 (c) 2:1 (d) 1:√3
8. AB is a wire of potentiometer. With the increase in value of R, the shift in the
2. A body executing SHM has a total energy of ‘E’, the maximum kinetic energy balance point ‘J’ will be:
of ‘KEmax’, and the maximum potential energy of ‘PEmax’. Which of the (a) Towards A R
E
following correctly represents their relation?
(b) Towards B
(a) E > KEmax (b) E > PEmax (c) E = KEmax = PEmax (d) KEmax > PEmax J
(c) Remains at the same position A
B
3. What happens when the capillary tube of insufficient height is dipped (d) First towards B and then back to A G
vertically on the surface of the liquid?
(a) Liquid does not rise on the tube
(b) Liquid rises inside the tube and some of the liquid spills out of the tube 9. If ‘B’ represents the magnetic flux density and ‘μ’ represents the magnetic
(c) Liquid rises inside the tube and the radius of the meniscus at the top moment of the coil then, the quantity ‘μB’ represents:
decreases (a) Force on the coil
(d) Liquid rises inside the tube and the radius of the meniscus at the top (b) Torque on the coil
increases
(c) Current in the coil
4. The state of an ideal gas is changed three times at three different (d) Current density in the coil
temperatures. The diagram represents three different isothermal curves.
Which of the following is true about the 10. Which pair of elements produces maximum thermos e.m.f. for a give
P temperature difference?
temperatures?
(a) T1 > T2 > T3 (a) Antimony-Iron
(b) T1 < T2 < T3 T3
T2 (b) Nickel-Bismuth
(c) T1 = T2 = T3 T1 V (c) Iron-Copper
(d) T1 > T2 >T3
(d) Antimony-Bismuth
5. The maximum efficiency of an engine operating between 30 0C to 300 0C is: 11. Existence of gravitational waves was predicted by Einstein in his:
(a) 4.71% (b) 47.1% (c) 90% (d) 9%
(a) Special theory of relativity
6. The sources of light are said to be coherent if the waves produced by them (b) General theory of relativity
have the same (c) Theory of photo-electricity
(a) wavelength and constant phase difference
(d) Theory of Brownian motion
(b) amplitude
 (By BB Sir)2

magnetic field, as shown in the figure. A battery and a 25 Ω resistor

Group ‘B’ in series are connected to the supports.
Short Answer Questions [8 x 5 = 40]
R
1. Answer the following questions. V
𝐵ሬԦ
a. Define simple harmonic motion and give one an example of it. [1] ×××× ×××
b. An object executing SHM has instantaneous displacement given ×××× ×××
by: 𝑦 = 𝑟 sin 𝜔𝑡. Show that the velocity of the object is maximum
at the mean position and the acceleration is maximum at the a. In which direction does the wire experience force due to
extreme position. [3]
magnetic field? Why? [0.5 +0.5 = 1]
c. The bob of a simple pendulum is pulled aside so that the suspension
thread makes a relatively large angle (say 200) with the vertical. b. What is the highest voltage the battery can have without breaking
When the bob is released, will its motion consider a simple the circuit at the supports? [2]
harmonic? Explain. [1] c. The battery voltage has the maximum value calculated in part (b).
If the resistor suddenly gets partially short-circuited, decreasing
2. Answer the following questions. its resistance to 2.0Ω find the initial acceleration of the bar. [2]
a. What do you mean by ‘angular momentum’ of a rotating body? Is
it a scalar or a vector quantity? Why? [1] 4. The adjacent figure shows the schematic diagram of a heat engine.
b. Show that the angular momentum of a rigid about the rotating axis Study the figure and answer the questions.
is: 𝐿 = 𝐼𝜔, where symbols carry their usual meanings. [2] (a) Give Kelvin’s statement of the second law of
c. A uniform rod is rotated first about an axis passing through its center thermodynamics. [1]
and perpendicular to its length at some angular velocity. The same (b) What does Q1 and Q2 represent in the figure? [1]
rod is again rotated with the same angular velocity about an axis (c) Obtain the thermal efficiency of the given heat
passing through its one end and perpendicular to its length. Compare engine. [1]
the angular momentum of the rods in these two cases. [2] (d) State the condition at which the engine does not
OR perform any work. [1]
a. Define viscosity. [1] (e) The temperature of sink is decreased by keeping all
b. Obtain Newton’s formula for viscosity. [2] other parameters constant. What would be its effect
c. A metal plate of area 0.04 m2 is lying on a liquid layer of thickness in the efficiency of the engine? [1]
0.002 m. What is the velocity of the plate if a horizontal force of 6
N is applied to it. ( coefficient of viscosity of liquid = 12 600
5. Answer the following questions.
decapoise) [2] a. Define the term ‘magnetic flux’. [1]
b. Calculate the amount of magnetic flux linked
3. A thin, 50.0 cm long metal bar with a mass of 750 g rests on but is with the following coil. [1.5]
not attached to, two metallic supports in a uniform 0.450 T B=3×10-3 T, r = 20cm
Number of turns = 20
 (By BB Sir)3

c. A conductor of length ‘𝑙’ moves in the uniform magnetic field of

flux density ‘𝐵’ with velocity ‘𝑣’ at right angles to the direction a. How do you identify P and N side of the PN junction diode in the
of magnetic field. figure above? [0.5]
b. Describe shortly the formation of depletion layer in the PN junction
i. Describe why an emf is induced in the conductor. [2]
diode by making an appropriate diagram. [3]
ii. Show that the value of induced emf across the ends of c. State any one application of PN junction diode. [0.5]
the rod is: 𝑬 = 𝑩𝒍𝒗. [3.5] d. Draw a circuit diagram to show forward bias characteristics of PN
junction diode. [1]
6. In the circuit shown in figure below find: OR

a. The current in resistor R. [0.5] a. State Bohr’s frequency condition. [1]

b. The resistance R . [1.5] b. How would you say that the energy of electron in the hydrogen atom
c. The unknown emf . [1.5] is quantized? Explain. [2]
d. If the circuit is broken at point x, what c. What is the quantum number of the state to which the ground state
is the current in resistor R? [1.5] electron of hydrogen atom would excite by absorbing the photon of
energy 2.04 x 10-18 J? [2]

Long answer questions [3 x 8 = 24]

7. The figure shows a graph between stopping potential and
9. The displacement 𝒚(𝒙, 𝒕) of a vibrating particle as a function of
frequency of incident radiation for some metal surface. Study the both location and time is given by:
graph and answer the following V (V) 0

questions. 2𝜋
a. What are the values of threshold 3 𝑦(𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠 [ (𝑥 − 𝑣𝑡)]
𝜆
frequency and threshold 2 a. Use y(x, t) to find the expression of transverse velocity 𝒗𝒚 of a
wavelength? [use c = 3 ×108 1 particle in the string on which the wave travels. [2]
15
f (10 Hz)
m/s] [2] 0
0.25 0.50 0.75 1.0
b. Find the maximum speed of the particle of the string. [1]
c. Show that the particle vibrate simple harmonically. [2]
b. Obtain the value of Planck’s -1
-2 d. Under what circumstance 𝒗𝒚 is equal to the speed of the
constant from the graph. [1.5]
wave 𝒗? [1]
c. The metal surface is illuminated e. Under which condition, 𝒗𝒚 < 𝑣 and 𝒗𝒚 > 𝑣? [2]
by the radiation of frequency
1015 Hz. What would be the maximum kinetic energy of the 10. Answer the following questions.
emitted electrons? [1.5] a. Write down the mathematical form of Biot-Savart’s law. [0.5]
b. A wire carrying current ‘𝐼’ is bent in the form of a circle of radius
8. The following figure is of PN junction diode in real practice. ‘𝑎’. Using Biot-Savart’s law, find the expression of the magnetic
Answer the following questions on the basis of the figure. field (B) at the center of the wire. [2]
c. Plot a graph to show the variation of ‘B’ with the radius ‘a’ of the
ring. [2]
 (By BB Sir)4

d. A copper wire 66 cm long is wound into a flat circle of 7 cm

diameter. If the current flowing in the wire is 4.5 A, what is the
AMBITION ACADEMY SECONDARY School
magnetic induction at the center? [1.5] Model Set-2 (XII Physics)
e. Copy the following solenoid and draw
the magnetic lines of forces around it. Circle the best alternative to the following questions (11 × 1 = 11)
State which point A and B acts as the Group ‘A’
North and the South Pole. [2] Answer the following questions. [8 × 5 = 40]
OR
a. What do you mean by ‘resonance’ is LCR series circuit? [1] 1. The moment of inertia of a uniform rod of length L and mass M about
b. Obtain the expression of resonating frequency in LCR series an axis passing through its one end and perpendicular to its length is,
1 1 1
circuit. [2] a. ML2 b. ML2 c. ML2 d. ML2
12 3 6
c. Mention any one application of LCR resonating circuit. [1]
d. Draw a graph showing how the impedance of LCR series circuit 2. If the displacement of a particle performing simple harmonic motion is
changes with the frequency of the applied alternating current. Also, y = a cos(𝝎𝒕 + 𝝋), the acceleration of the particle is:
mention the region where the circuit is inductive and capacitive. [2] a.−𝜔2 a cos(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜑) b. 𝜔2 a sin(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜑)
e. Calculate the impedance of LCR series circuit containing a c. −𝜔2 a sin(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜑) d. 𝜔2 a cos(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜑)
capacitor of 50 μF, indictor of 0.8 H, and a resistor of 20 Ω. [2]
3. F1 is the adhesive force between glass and liquid and F2 is the adhesive
11. The radioactive isotope of polonium, 81Po218, decays by the emission
force between liquid molecules. When F2 = √𝟐 F1 then,
of an α-particle with a half-life of 183 s. [Avagadro’s numbr =
a. Liquid makes the concave meniscus
6.023 ×1023 /mole]
b. Liquid makes the convex meniscus
a. Mention any four properties of α-particle. [2]
c. Liquid surface remains horizontal
b. How does a nucleus change when it emits an α-particle? [1]
d. None of the above
c. In an accident at a reprocessing plant some of this isotope, in the
form of dust, is released into the atmosphere. Explain why a
4. If the kinetic energy for the ideal gas is 3/2 RT, the molar heat capacity
spillage in the form of dust is very much more dangerous to
at constant pressure is,
health than a liquid spillage. [0.5]
a. 0.5R b. 1.5R c. 2.0R d. 2.5R
d. It is calculated that 2.4 g of the isotope is released into the
atmosphere. Calculate the initial activity of the released
polonium. [2.5] 5. A Carnot engine has the same efficiency between 800K to 500K and y
K to 600K. The value of y is:
e. It is felt that it would be safe to re-enter the laboratory when the
a. 472℃ b. 687℃ c. 846℃ d. 960℃
activity falls to the background, about 10 Bq. Calculate how
many hours must pass before it is safe to re-enter the laboratory.
[2] 6. In which of the following condition the Doppler effect is absent?
a. The source and observer are moving towards each other
b. The observer is moving towards the source
c. The source is moving away from the observer
d. Neither the source nor the observer is moving relative to one another
 (By BB Sir)5

7. Young’s double slit experiment performed inside the water, the

fringe width will:
a. Decrease b. Increase c. Remains same d. None
8. Thermopile is used to measure:
a. Emf b. Temperature c. Current d. Resistance

9. The direction of the force F experienced by a charge q moving with

velocity v in a magnetic field B is
a. Along B
b. Along v
c. In the plane containing B and v
d. Perpendicular to the plane containing B and v

10. In Whitestone’s Bridge principle, if the battery and galvanometer

are interchanged, the condition for balance a. Define simple harmonic motion. [1]
a. Is disturbed b. State values for the period and maximum acceleration of the buoy. [2]
b. Is not disturbed c. Calculate the amplitude of oscillation of the buoy. [2]
c. Depends upon the value of resistance of the bridge OR
d. Depends upon the resistance of the galvanometer
The figure shows a uniform rod PQ of length ‘L’ and mass ‘M’ which
11. The uncertainty principle is applicable to: can rotate about an axis AB which is perpendicular to its length.
a. Microscopic articles b. Macroscopic particles a. Define the term moment of
c. Particle of any size d. Gases inertia. [1]
A
b. Calculate the moment of
L/4
inertia of a rod about the axis
Group ‘B’ AB in the given case. [2]
Short Answer Questions (8 × 5 = 40) c. Calculate the moment of
inertia and radius of gyration
1. If a steel ball is falling through glycerin, it accelerates at first due to of a rod of mass 20 kg, length L
gravity and after some time its velocity reaches a steady value called 30 cm about an axis
terminal velocity. passing through the one side B
a. Define the term ‘viscosity’ and ‘coefficient of viscosity. [2] and perpendicular to its
b. Derive the expression for the terminal velocity of the steel ball. [2] length. [2]
c. What would be the motion of an object if its density is less than the
density of the medium? [1] 3. a. On which factors speed of sound depends? [1]
b. Describe Newton’s formula for the speed of sound and explain why
2. The waves are being studied by means of a buoy anchored in the Laplace made correction on it? [2]
harbor. As the waves pass the buoy they make it perform simple c. At what temperature, the velocity of sound in air is increased by 40% to
harmonic motion in the vertical direction. A sensor inside the buoy that at 27℃. [2]
measures its acceleration.
The graph below shows how this acceleration varies with time.
 (By BB Sir)6

4. A series of thermodynamic processes is shown in P-V diagram. In

process AB, 150 J of heat is added to the system. Find :
a. The internal energy change in process AB. [2]
b. Work done in expanding the gas from B to C. [1]
c. The work done in one cycle. [2]

8. Answer the following questions.

a. What do you mean by voltage regulation? [1]
5. A meter bridge is an electrical instrument which works on the b. Explain the working of a Zener diode as a voltage regulator. [4]
wheatstone bridge principle is used for measuring the unknown
resistance ‘X’ with the help of other known resistance ‘R’. Group ‘C’
a. Derive the expression for unknown resistance Answer the following Questions (8× 5 = 40)
‘X’ using a meter bridge. [2]
b. What happens to the value of ‘X’ in equation if 9. The diagram shows Young’s double-slit experiment performed with a
position of ‘X’ and ‘R’ in the exchanged? [2] tungsten filament lamp as the light source.
c. If R = 10 Ω and the null deflection point is 60
cm away from point A, what is the value of
X?[1]

6. Biot-Savart law is a mathematical tool devised to calculate the

magnitude of the magnetic field due to steady current distribution.
a. State Biot-Savart law. [1]
b. How this law is used to calculate the magnetic field due to solenoid?[2]
c. The magnetic flux passing perpendicular to the plane of a coil is given by
∅ = 4t2 +5t +2, where ∅ is in Weber and t in second. Calculate the
magnitude of instantaneous emf induced in the coil when t = 3 sec. [2]

7. A beam of electrons is moving with a velocity vx passes between two

horizontal parallel plane as shown:
a. Show that the path of an electron in the electric field is parabolic in nature. a. For an interference pattern to be observed, the light has to be emitted by
[3] two coherent sources. What is meant by coherent sources? [1]
b. Study the figure below and calculate potential difference between plates, b. What do you mean by fringe width? Calculate that, the value of fringe
value of 𝜃 and resultant velocity ‘v’. [2] width is 𝛽 = 𝜆D/d, and show that this value is the same for both bright
and dark fringes. [3]
 (By BB Sir)7

c. What happens to the interference fringes if coherent source S is replaced

by headlight of vehicles? [2]
AMBITION ACADEMY SECONDARY School
d. A scientist carries out the Young double-slit experiment using a laser that
emits violet light of wavelength 405 nm. The separation of the slits is 5.00 Model Set-3 (XII Physics)
× 10-5 m. Using a meter ruler the scientist measures the separation of two Circle the best alternative to the following questions (11 × 1 = 11)
adjacent bright fringes in the central region of the pattern to be 4 mm.
Calculate the distance between the double slits and the screen. [2] Group ‘A’
1. If ‘L’ is the angular momentum and ‘I’ is the moment of inertia of
10. Answer the following questions. a rigid body about an axis of rotation then its rotational kinetic
a. Define LCR Series circuit. [1] energy is:
b. Sketch the phasor diagram for R-L, R-C and L-C-R series circuit. [2] 𝐿 𝐿𝐼 2
a. 𝐿𝐼 b. 𝐿𝐼2 c. 2𝐼2 d. 2
c. With circuit diagram show that the impedance of L-C-R series circuit is Z
1 2
= √𝑅2 + (𝜔𝐿 − 𝜔𝐶
) , where symbols have 2. Water is flowing uniformly on a horizontal pipe of the circular
their usual meaning also obtain phase factor in cross-section. Which of the following is true for the velocity of
this case. [3] water?
d. Study the given diagram and calculate the phase a. It is equal at every part of its flow
shift between current and voltage. [2] b. It is more in the region near to wall of the pipe
c. It is maximum along the axis of the pipe
11. A radioactive nuclide d. It is least along the axis of the pipe
decays by emitting 𝜶
particles. The graph shows
3. A Carnot engine takes 103 calories of heat from a reservoir at 227
how the rate of decay A of 0
the source changes with C and rejects heat to a reservoir at 127 0C. The work done by it is:
time t. a. 100 cals b. 200 cals c. 300 cals d. 400 cals

a. List out the laws of 4. A gas is compressed adiabatically. Which of the following is
radioactivity correct?
disintegration.[2] a. Its temperature decreases
b. Study the given figure and calculate the value of: [1 + 1+ 1] b. Its temperature increases
i. Half-life of nuclide c. It absorbs heat from the surrounding
ii. Decay constant d. It rejects heat to the surrounding
iii. The initial number of undecayed nuclei present at time t = 0.
c. Each decay releases 1.0 x 10-12J. For the time interval between t = 30s
5. A car is moving away from a stationary listener with a velocity of
and t = 80s, calculate the number of nuclei that decay and the energy
released. [3] 20 m/s and blows a horn at a frequency of 512 Hz. The speed of
sound in air is 330 m/s. The change in pitch observed by the listener
is:
a. 482.7 Hz b. 545Hz c. 29.3 Hz d. 33 Hz
 (By BB Sir)8

6. Which of the following is not true for the light wave? Group ‘B’
a. It is a transverse wave Short answer Questions (8 × 5 = 40)
b. It is an electromagnetic wave 1. Answer the following questions.
c. It is a longitudinal wave a. Define ‘angle of contact’. How does the angle of contact determine whether the
d. It is a non-mechanical wave given liquid rises or depresses in the capillary tube?
Explain.[1+1]
7. The emf of s thermocouple changes its sign at 800 K. If the b. The water strider can walk on the surface of water
neutral temperature is 580 K, what is the temperature of the without penetrating it. Explain how this become possible
cold junction? [1]
a. 360 K b. 480 K c. 580 K d. 800 K c. Obtain the relation between surface tension and surface energy. [2]

8. What is the shape of a magnet in a moving coil galvanometer 2. Answer the following questions.
to make the radial magnetic field? a. Define the term ‘moment of inertia’ of a body.[1]
a. Convex cylindrical magnet b. If the earth is struck by meteorite, what happens to the length of the day?
b. Horse-shoe magnet Explain.[1.5]
c. Concave cylindrical magnet c. A uniform rod of mass 135 g and length 12.4 cm is hung at its center with the
d. None help of a thin string and set into an angular simple harmonic motion.
i. Calculate the moment of inertia of the rod.[1]
9. The direction of induced emf is given by: ii. Find the period of angular SHM if the torsional constant of the string is
a. Ampere’s law 10-3 Nm-1deg-1.[1.5]
b. Lenz’s law OR
c. Faraday’s law a. State Bernoulli’s principle.[1]
d. Biot-Savart’s law b. Prove the relation: a1v1 = a2v2 (equation of continuity) [2]
c. At a certain point in a horizontal pipe the gauge pressure is 6 × 104 Nm-2 and at
10. Area of hysteresis curve indicates: the other point the pressure is 2.5 × 104 Nm-2. If the areas of the pipe at these
a. Retentivity b. Coercivity two points are 25 cm2 and 15 cm2 respectively, calculate the rate of flow of
water through the pipe.[2]
c. Loss in energy per cycle d. Loss in energy per cycle
11. The point of origin of seismic wave is called the focus. The point 3. Answer the following questions.
on the earth’s surface vertically above the ‘focus’ is: a. Distinguish between interference and diffraction of
light. [2] A P
a. Hypocenter b. Metacenter c. Epicenter d. Barycenter b. The figure shows a Fraunhoffer diffraction through a
single slit AB using the monochromatic light of B
wavelength λ. What is the nature of fringe (bright or
dark) formed at P if the path difference between
waves emitted from points A and B is 3λ? Explain
with figure.[2]
 (By BB Sir)9

c. Show graphically how does the intensity of bright fringes formed on the either c. How does the photoelectric effect manifest the particle nature of light?
side of the central bright fringe varies with angle of diffraction. [1] Explain. [1.5]
d. Calculate the energy of a photon of light of wavelength 900 nm. [1.5]
4. The adjacent figure shows a change in a thermodynamic system in going
from an initial state A to the state B and C returning to the state A. If U A = 8. Answer the following questions.
0 , UB = 30 J and heat given to the system in the process B→C is 50 J, then a. State the Bohr’s ‘quantization condition’. [1]
determine: (U refers the internal energy) b. What happens if the ground-state electron in a hydrogen atom suddenly
absorbss a photon of energy 10.2 eV? [2]
a. Internal energy of the system in state C.[1] c. Can you apply Bohr’s atomic model to calculate the energy of valance electrons
b. Heat given to the system in the process A→B. [1] in helium an atom as similar to H-atom? Do you think any necessary
c. Heat extracted from the system in the process C→A. modifications he Bohr’s theory for such a case? Explain. [2]
[1] OR
d. Net work done in the complete cycle. [2] a. Give the logic symbol and truth table of NAND gate. [1+1]
b. The adjacent figure shows full-wave rectifier.
5. Answer the following questions. i. Define rectification. [1]
a. What do you mean by Hall Effect? [1] ii. The output of this rectifier is not a pure dc. You want to
b. Explain with figure, the mechanism of development of Hall voltage. [2.5] filter the ac components using a capacitor as a filter.
c. How the Hall-effect measurements be used to determine the magnetic field in Draw a circuit diagram to show how you would connect a capacitor in the above
the region of space? Explain. [1.5] circuit. Also explain how does the use of capacitor help refining the rectifier
output. [2]
6. Answer the following questions.
a. State and explain the ‘Lenz law’. [2] Group ‘C’
b. A 0.25m long bar moves along the two parallel rails Long answer Questions (3 × 8 = 24)
(of negligible resistances) which are connected to a 6
Ω resistor as shown in the figure. The system is placed 9. The equation of plane progressive wave travelling in a medium its standard
in a uniform magnetic field of flux density 1.20 T form is given by 𝑦 = 𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡 − 𝑘𝑥) where symbols have their usual
acting perpendicularly inwards the plane of paper. meanings.
i. Why does the current appear in the resistor when the bar is kept in motion along a. Show that particles of the medium vibrate simple harmonically. [2]
the rails? [1] b. When the sound wave in the form of the given equation travel in the medium,
ii. At certain instant, the current in the resistor is 1.75A and flowing the variation of pressure in a medium takes place. Show that, the change in
counterclockwise in the circuit. What is the magnitude and direction of the pressure occurs according to: 𝑃 = 𝑃0 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜔𝑡 − 𝑘𝑥), where 𝑃0 = 𝐵𝐴𝑘 is the
velocity of the bar at that instant? [2] pressure amplitude and B is the bulk modulus of the medium. [3]
c. For a person with normal hearing, the faintest sound that can be heard at a
7. Answer the following questions. frequency of 400 Hz has a pressure amplitude of about 6 × 10-5 Pa. Calculate
a. What do you mean by the photoelectric effect? [1] the corresponding intensity and intensity level. (take speed of sound 344 m/s
b. There is a large number of free electrons in a metal. Why don’t they emit and density of air 1.2 kg/m3). [1.5+1.5 =3]
spontaneously? [1]
 (By BB Sir)10

10. The graph below shows c. A moving electron suddenly enters midway between two oppositely charged
1600
the variation of horizontal parallel plates in the direction parallel to the plates. What is the
capacitive reactance 1400 nature othe f path followed by the electron? Show with necessary mathematical
(XC) of some capacitor 1200 calculations. [3]
with the frequency of Xc 1000 d. An electron accelerated by a p.d of 2000V enters a uniform magnetic field of
an ac. (Ω) 800 0.02T in the direction perpendicular to it. Find the angular momentum of an
600 electron moving in a circular path. [me = 9.1 × 10-31 kg, e = 1.6 × 10-19C] [2]
a. What do you mean by 400 OR
the term ‘capacitive 200 Complete the following decay equations: [1]
reactance’ of a 0 a. 92U238 → 90U234 +…………
capacitor? [1] 0 20 40 60 80 100 b. 90U234 → ….Pa….. + β
b. Calculate the value of frequency (Hz) c. How does a β particle differ from an electron? [1]
capacitance of the d. Write radioactive decay equation. Using this equation find the relation
capacitor. [2] between half-life period and decay constant. [3]
c. An inductor of inductance L has same reactance as the capacitor at 40Hz. e. Mention any two uses of radioisotopes. [1]
Calculate the value of L.[2] f. The measured activity of C14 in a piece an ancient wood is 14 counts per
d. Plot the graph showing how inductive reactance varies with the frequency of minute per gram. It is assumed that the activity of the C 14 isotopes in the wood
ac. Use the same axis labeling as the above graph. [2] should be 19 counts per minute per gram. Considering the thalf-life of C14 is
e. The capacitor and inductor discussed above are connected in series with a about 5600 years, find the age of the wood. [2]
resistor of 25Ω to make a LCR series circuit. Calculate the resonating
frequency of the circuit.[1]

OR
a. When two parallel wires carrying current placed close to each other experience
a force. Why? Explain. [2]
b. Show that the force per unit length experienced by two parallel wires carrying
𝜇0𝐼1𝐼2
a current of I1 and I2 placed ‘r’ distance apart is equal to: 2𝜋𝑟 . [2]
c. When does this force become attractive and repulsive? Explain with the
necessary figure. [2]
d. Two parallel wires carry 12A and 8A currents in the same direction. If the wires
are 10 cm apart, find where a third parallel wire also carrying current must be
placed so that the force experienced by it shall be zero. [2]

11. Answer the following questions.

a. What do you mean by cross-field? [1]
b. What is the purpose of using cross-field in J.J. Thomson’s experiment? Explain
with necessary relation. [2]
 (By BB Sir)11

AMBITION ACADEMY SECONDARY School wavelength of the reflected sound to the transmitted sound?
Given speed of sound in air is 340 m/s and in air is 1480 m/s
a. 1700/7400 b. 170/740 c. 17/74 d. 0.17/0.74
Model Set-4 (XII Physics)
Circle the best alternative to the following questions (11 × 1 = 11) 7. Which of the following sources gives best monochromatic
light?
a. A ordinary bulb b. A LED bulb
Group ‘A’ c. A laser light d. A mercury tube
Answer the following questions. [8 × 5 = 40]
8. Meissner effect is strictly followed by
1. According to the law of conservation of angular momentum, a. Ferromagnetic materials b. Paramagnetic materials
a. m1 v1 = m2 v2 b. a1 v1 = a2 v2
c. w1 I1 = w2 I2 d. P1 V1 = P2 V2 c. Diamagnetic materials d. All of above

2. The displacement of an object attached to a spring and executive 9. If the current I flows through a circular coil of radius r then
simple harmonic motion is given by x = 2 × 10-2 cos𝝅t (in meter). the field at the center of the coil is:
The time at which the maximum speed first occurs is a. Inversely proportional to I2
a. 0.5 sec b. 0.75 sec c. 0.12 sec d. 0.25 sec b. Direction proportional to I
c. Directly proportional to r
3. Which of the following is true about Viscosity? d. Inversely proportional to r2
a. It increases with increase in temperature
b. Decreases with decrease in temperature 10. Power factor of an ac circuit is a measure of
c. Decreases with increase in temperature a. Virtual power b. Power lost in the circuit
d. Independent of temperature c. Mean power d. Peak power

4. If the kinetic energy for the ideal gas is 5/2 RT, the molar heat 11. The output of two-input NOR gate is high:
capacity at constant Volume is, a. Only if both inputs are high
a. 1.5R b. 2.0R c. 2.5R d. 3.0R b. Only if both inputs are low
c. Only if one input is high and other is low
5. The more effective way of increasing the efficiency the to Carnot d. If at least one input is high
engine is to
a. Increase higher temperature b. Decrease higher temperature

c. Increase lower temperature d. Decrease lower temperature

6. A bat emits ultrasonic sound of frequency 1000 kHz in air. If

this sound meets a water surface, what will be the ratio of the
 (By BB Sir)12

Group ‘B’ c. How does the frequency of vibration of a simple pendulum related
Short Answer Questions (8 × 5 = 40) to its length? Hence estimate the frequency of second pendulum.
[2]
1. For the streamline flow of an ideal fluid (non-viscous and
incompressible), the sum of pressure energy, kinetic energy and OR
potential energy per unit mass is always constant. a. A fan with blades takes a longer time to come to rest than without
a. Define the term Streamline flow and how it differs from turbulent blades. Why? [1]
flow? [2] b. Define the radius of gyration and derive the relation between
b. Derive the relation between above mentioned energies. torque and moment of inertia of a rigid body. [3]
[2] c. Calculate the moment of inertia and radius of gyration of a rod
c. What happens to the result obtained in (b) if the fluid is flowing in in the given case. [2]
a horizontal pipe?
[1] 3. A fisherman notices that his boat is moving up and down
periodically owing to waves on the surface of the water. It
2. A simple pendulum is a heavy mass suspended by an inextensible, takes 2.5 sec for the boat to travel from its highest point to
weightless string from rigid support as shown in figure. its lowest, a total distance of 0.6 m. The fisherman sees that
the wave crests are spaced 6 m apart.
a. Define ‘point is suspension’ and ‘point of oscillation’. [1]

a. Define wave and amplitude of wave. [2]

b. How fast are the waves travelling? [2]
c. What is the phase difference between points H and P, H and
L? [1]

b. Explain and prove that the time period of simple pendulum is T =

l
2𝜋√g [2]
 (By BB Sir)13

4. A thermodynamic process is taken from an original state D to

an intermediate state E by the linear process shown in P-V
diagram. Its volume is then reduced to the original value from
E to F by an isobaric process.
a. Define isobaric and isochoric process. [1]
b. The work done in one cycle. [2]
c. What is the molar heat capacity of the gas at constant
temperature. [1]
d. If the pressure of a gas during adiabatic process is proportional
to cube of its absolute temperature. Find the value of molar heat
ratio. [1]

6. Dip circle measures the angle of dip at the different

location of the earth. It is used in surveying, mining and
study of earth magnetism.
a. Define an angle of dip. [1]
b. Derive the relation; Cot 2𝛿 = Cot2𝛿1 + Cot2𝛿2 , where symbols
have their usual meaning. [3]
c. What will be the value of dip angle at the pole and equator of
the earth? [2]

7. When x-ray wave travels through a very small aperture, it

bends from its original path, this phenomenon is called
diffraction of x-ray. Bragg studied and established a
mathematical relation between lattice spacing and the
wavelength of x-ray.
a. What is the basic phenomenon of X-ray production? [1]
b. Derive Bragg’s law and explain how is this law used to
5. Study the following figure and answer the following questions.
determine the crystal plane spacing. [2]
a. State and explain Kirchhoff’s current and voltage laws. [2]
c. An X-ray tube operates at 18 kV. Calculate the maximum
b. Calculate the current in 2 Ω resistor in the given circuit. [3]
speed of the electron striking the target. (me = 9 × 10-31 kg, e
= 1.6 × 10-19 C.) [2]
 (By BB Sir)14

8. A certain atom has energy levels 1, 2 and 3 corresponding to the

increasing values of energy E3 > E2 > E1. If 𝝀𝟏 , 𝝀𝟐, and 𝝀𝟑 are
wavelengths of radiation as shown in the figure, then calculate
the following.
a. The longest possible wavelength of the energy emission. [2]
b. The shortest possible wavelength of the energy emission. [2]
c. Derive the relation of 𝜆3 in terms of 𝜆1 and 𝜆2 . [1]

10. a. State and explain Ampere’s law [2]

b. Use Ampere’s law to find magnetic fields due to a solenoid
which is bent in a circular shape [2]
c. Define one ampere in terms of force. [2]
d. A circular col has 100 turns and a mean diameter of 20 cm.
It carries a current of 5A. Find the strength of the magnetic
field at a point on its axis at a distance of 15 cm from the
center of the coil.[2]
OR

Group ‘C’ A potentiometer is given below which is an arrangement

and measures the emf of a cell and internal resistance. The
Answer the following Questions (8× 5 = 40) galvanometer shows null deflection at D’ and D. From the
figure below, answer the following questions.
9. The diagram shows two waves; ‘wave A’ and ‘wave B’ are a. What is the principle of potentiometer? [1]
propagating through the medium. Study the figure and answer the 𝑙2 − 𝑙1
b. Show that the internal resistance is r = R( ), where
following questions. 𝑙1
a. i. Name the point X, Y, Z and Q [1] symbols have their usual meaning. [3]
ii. Identify wave A and wave B and differentiate them. [2] c. What is the function of galvanometer and rheostat in this
b. i. What is polarization of light? State and prove Brewster’s law.[3] arrangement?[2]
ii. Calculate the polarizing angle for the light travelling from water
of refractive index 1.33 to glass of refractive index 1.53. [2]
 (By BB Sir)15

d. Calculate the internal resistance of the cell from the given data in
figure. [2]

11. a. Define seismic wave and hence differentiate between P-wave and
S-wave. [2]
b. Describe briefly about Gorkha earthquake. [2] a. Describe an experiment to determine the value of the Planck’s
c. What is gravitational wave? Write it’s any two properties. [2] constant in photoelectric effect. [2]
d. What is nanotechnology? Describe its application. [2] b. Work function of any metal is 1.9 eV, what does it means?
Which of three metals A, B and C has higher work function?[2]
OR c. Use the graph for metal A and determine i). threshold frequency
ii). Planck’s constant. [2]
Einstein’s photoelectric equation was experimentally verified by R. d. What information do you get from slope of the graphs and what
A. Millikan and also determine the value of Planck’s constant ‘h’. does the value the intercept of graph B in the potential axis
Study the following figure and answer the following questions. represents? [2]
 (By BB Sir)16

AMBITION ACADEMY SECONDARY School b. It does work in expense of its internal energy
c. The gas does not perform any work
d. The gas releases its excess energy to the surrounding
Model Set-5 (XII Physics)
Circle the best alternative to the following questions (11 × 1 = 11) 6. Two pipes, one closed and the other open, vibrate with the same
1. In the figure, A and B are any two particles present in the rigid fundamental frequency. If the length of the closed pipe is 30 cm,
body which is rotating about the axis. Which of the following is the length of open pipe is:
true? b. 15 cm b. 60 cm c. 45 cm d. 50 cm
a. A and B has same linear acceleration
b. A and B has same linear velocity A 7. A ray of light is incident on air-medium interface at a glancing
c. A and B has same angular velocity B angle of ′𝜶′ so that the reflected light is completely plane polarized.
d. The linear velocity of B is more than The refractive index of the medium is:
that of A a. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 b. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼 c. 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝛼 d. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼

H H H H 8. The heat produced ‘H’ on a given resistor of resistance ‘R’ for a

given time has which of the following dependence with the current
‘I’ passing through it?

a. I b. I c. I d. I 9. A straight conductor carrying current ‘I’ is split into circular loop

as shown in the figure. The magnetic induction at the center of the
loop is:
2. A particle executes SHM between 𝒙 = −𝑨 and 𝒙 = +𝑨. The time
𝑨 𝑨
taken by it to go from 𝒙 = 𝟎 to 𝟐 is T1 and to go from 𝟐 to 𝑨 is T2 .
Which of the following is correct?
a. T1 > T2 b. T1 = T2 c. T1 < T2 d.T1 = 2T2 𝜇0 𝑖 𝜇0 𝑖
a. b. c. 𝜇0 𝑖 d. Zero
2𝑟 2𝜋𝑟
3. A thin wire of length ‘L’ is bent in the form of circle and dipped 10. A long magnet is cut into two parts such that the ratio of their
inside the soap solution (surface tension = T) so that a thin film of lengths is 2:1. The ratio of pole strength of the both sections is:
soap forms within the ring. The force with which the film pulls the b. 1:2 b. 2:1 c. 1:4 d. 1:1
edge of ring inwards is: 11. According to the standard model, which particle gives other
a. LT b. 2LT c.
𝐿𝑇
d.
𝐿 particles their mass?
2 𝑇 a. Fermions b. Bosons c. Higgs Bosons d. Leptons
4. A Carnot engine takes 103 calories of heat from a reservoir at 227
0
C and rejects heat to a reservoir at 127 0C. The work done by it is:
b. 100 cals b. 200 cals c. 300 cals d. 400 cals

5. A gas is expanding adiabatically. Which of the following is correct?

a. It does work by absorbing heat from the surrounding
 (By BB Sir)17

Group B: Short answer Questions (8 × 5 = 40) 4. The process ABC shown in the P-V diagram in figure involves
0.0175 mole of an ideal gas.
1. Answer the following questions. a. State first law of thermodynamics and
a. What do you mean by capillarity? [1] explain its significance.
b. Obtain the expression of height of liquid raised inside the b. What was the lowest temperature the gas
capillary tube of radius ‘a’. [3] reached in this process? Where did it
c. In what case the liquid level depresses inside the capillary occur? [1.5]
tube? Use the relation obtained in part (ii) to justify your c. How much work was done by or on the
answer. [1] gas from A to B? From B to C?[2]
d. If 215 J of heat was put into the gas during abc, how many of
2. Answer the following questions. those heat will convert into the internal energy? [1.5]
a. State the principle of conservation of angular momentum. [1] 5. Answer the following questions.
b. If the earth suddenly shrinks, what happens to the length of the a. A current carrying wire placed in a magnetic field experience
day? Explain.[1.5] a force. Why? Explain. [1]
c. An electron is orbiting around the nucleus in a hydrogen atom. b. How does a rectangular coil placed in a uniform magnetic field
0
experience torque? Explain with figure and necessary
The radius of first Bohr’s orbit is 0.529 𝐴, charge of electron is
calculations. [2]
1.6 × 10-19C and mass of electron is 9.1 × 10-31 kg.
c. Your friend ascertains that he can measure the value of
(a) Calculate the moment of inertia of electron about the
nucleus. [1] magnetic field at a region of space with the help of a
(b) Calculate the velocity of electron and obtain the value of conducting wire, a source, some pieces of resistors, some
known weights, voltmeter, and ammeter. Do you agree with
orbital angular momentum. [1.5]
him? How? [2]
OR
6. Adjacent figure shows a square loop having 100 turns, an area of
a. Distinguish between streamlined and turbulent flow of fluid. 2. 5 × 10 − 3 m2 and a resistance of 100 Ω. The magnetic field has a
[1] magnitude B = 0. 40 T. The loop is slowly and uniformly pulled out
b. Why does airplane run before taking a lift? Explain. [2] of the field in 1.0 s.
c. Rain drops each of radius 1mm are falling with steady velocity a. What is the e.m.f. induced in the left
of 5 cm/s. Eight such drops coalesce to form a single drop, arm of the loop? Why is this e.m.f.
calculate its terminal velocity. [2] induced? [1+1=2]
b. What current flows through the
3. Answer the following questions. loop?[1]
a. What do you mean by polarization of light? [1] c. How much force does the magnetic field exert on the left arm
b. State and explain Brewster’s law. [3] of the loop?[1]
c. What is the refractive index of material for which polarizing d. How much work has been done to pull the loop out of the
angle id 300? [1] magnetic field?[1]
 (By BB Sir)18

7. Answer the following questions. c. For a person with normal hearing, the faintest sound that can
a. What do you mean by the photoelectric work function of the be heard at a frequency of 400 Hz has a pressure amplitude of
material? [1] about 6 × 10-5 Pa. Calculate the corresponding intensity and
b. Alkali metals are mostly used to make intensity level. (take speed of sound 344 m/s and density of air
photocells, why? Explain. [1] 1.2 kg/m3).
c. In the figure, two metallic plates are 10 cm [1.5+1.5 =3]
apart and are connected with the ammeter A. A magnetic field (B) 10. The graph below shows two curves showing the variation of
exists parallel to the plates as shown. The work function of the current with the frequency of ac through a LCR series circuit. The
emitter (lower plate) is 2.39 eV and the wavelength of light falling lower curve corresponds to the resonance when resistor R2 is used
varies between 400 nm to 600 nm. Calculate the minimum value of and the upper when the resistor R1 is used.
B so that the ammeter shows zero reading. [3] a. What do you mean by resonance in LCR circuit? [1]
8. Answer the following questions. b. Show that the frequency at which resonance occurs is: 𝑓 =
a. Balmer series was observed and analyzed before the other series. 1
2𝜋√𝐿𝐶
, where symbols carry their usual meanings. [2]
Can you suggest a reason for such an order? [1]
b. Obtain the wavelength in a hydrogen spectrum that lies within the c. Obtain the resonating frequency from the graph below. [1]
range of 500 nm to 700 nm. [2] d. Which is greater, R1 or R2? Justify your answer. [1]
c. Can you apply Bohr’s atomic model to calculate the energy of e. The inductor used has inductance of 0.08H. Find the
valance electrons in He atom as similar to H-atom? Do you think capacitance of the capacitor used. [2]
any necessary modifications in the Bohr’s theory for such a case? f. What would be the effect in the peak of the upper curve if some
Explain. [2] resistor is connected parallel to R1? [1]
OR 45
a. Give the logic symbol and truth table of NOR gate. [1+1] 40
b. The PN junction diode allows only the unidirectional flow of R1
35
current. Explain the detailed mechanism of this process with
necessary diagrams. [3] 30
25
Long answer Questions (3 × 8 = 24) I (A)
20 R2
9. The equation of plane progressive wave travelling in a medium in
15
its standard form is given by 𝒚 = 𝑨𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝝎𝒕 − 𝒌𝒙) where symbols
have their usual meanings. 10
a. Show that particles of the medium vibrate simple 5
harmonically. [2]
b. When the sound wave in the form of the given equation travel 0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
in the medium, the variation of pressure in a medium takes
place. Show that, the change in pressure occurs according to: f (Hz)
𝑃 = 𝑃0 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜔𝑡 − 𝑘𝑥), where 𝑃0 = 𝐵𝐴𝑘 is the pressure
OR
amplitude and B is the bulk modulus of the medium. [3]
 (By BB Sir)19

a. Write one advantage of Ampere’s circuital law over the Biot-Savart’s law
in the calculations of magnetic fields due to current carrying wires. [1]
AMBITION ACADEMY SECONDARY School
b. Using this law, find the expression of the magnetic field (B) at a point ‘r’
distance away from the straight wire carrying current. [2]
Model Set-6 (XII Physics)
c. Plot a graph to show how ‘B’ varies with ‘r’. [2] Group ‘A’
d. Two parallel wires carry 12A and 8A currents in the same direction. If the Choose the best alternative for the following questions: (11×1=11)
wires are 10 cm apart, find where a third parallel wire also carrying current
must be placed so that the force experienced by it shall be zero. [3] 1. The graph between velocity and displacement of a particle in SHM
is:
11. Answer the following questions. a. Straight line b. parabola c. sine curve d. ellipse
a. What do you mean by specific charge of electron? Are specific charges of
electron and proton equal? [1+1=2]
2. Liquid does not wet the surface of solid, if the angle of contact (θ)
b. How did J. J. Thomson measure the velocity of such a high-energy
is:
electrons in his experiment? Explain. [1]
c. Suppose a beam of electrons enters into the region of uniform magnetic a. θ = 00 b. θ < 900 c. θ > 900 d. θ = 450
field which is perpendicular to the direction of the motion of electrons.
Explain how the path of electron beam becomes circular. [2] 3. In rotational motion of a rigid body, all particles moves move:
d. Considering the case as in part (iii), show that the frequency of the electron a. Same linear and angular velocities
in circular path is independent of the velocity. [3] b. Same linear and different angular velocities
OR c. Different linear and same angular velocities
The following graph shows the decay of radioactive caesium 55Cs134. Study d. Different linear and different angular velocities
the following graph and answer the questions. 4. The density of a gas is 1.775 kg/m3 at 27 0C and 105 Nm-2 pressure. If
the specific heat capacity at constant pressure is 846 J kg-1 K-1, the
a. Heavy, unstable nuclei ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure to constant
usually decay by emitting an volume is:
α or β particle. Why don’t a. 1.29 b. 1.4 c. 1.67 d. 1
they usually emit a single 5. A Carnot engine takes in 3000 k cal of heat from a reservoir at 627
proton or neutron? [2] 0
C and gives it to sink at 27 0C. The work done by engine is:
b. Find the half-life period of Cs. a. 4.2 × 106 J b. 8.4 × 106 J c. 16.8 × 106 J d. 0
[1]
c. Write an equation which
6. Velocity of sound waves in air is 330 m/s. For particular sound in
represents the given graph. [1]
air, a path difference of 40 cm is equivalent to a phase difference
d. What is initial number of
of 1.6 π. The frequency of wave is :
atoms present in the sample?
[2] a. 165 Hz b. 150 Hz c. 660 Hz d. 330 Hz
e. Find the number of atoms present in the sample after 4 years have elapsed.
[2
 (By BB Sir)20

7. Which of the following is NOT essential for two sources of light in b. What happens to the fringe width when the double slit apparatus is
Young’s double slit experiment to produce a sustained interference? immersed inside the water without changing the geometry of set
a. Equal wavelength c. Equal frequency up? [2]
b. Constant phase relationship d. Equal intensity c. State the conditions of path difference for constructive and
destructive interference. [2]
8. Neutral temperature of a thermocouple is 320 0C. The cold junction OR
is at 10 0C, the temperature of inversion will be at: a. Mention the difference between interference and polarization of
a. 320 0C b. 630 0C c. 640 0C d. 650 0C light. [1]
b.Discuss the fringe pattern on the screen during the diffraction of
9. In a coil of N turns, the value of self -inductance varies as: light from a single slit. [2]
a. N-1 b. N c. N2 d.N3 c. Light of wavelength 600 nm incident normally on diffraction grating
having 400 lines per mm. What is the order of diffraction maxima
10. For diamagnetic material, obtained? [2]
a. μr >1, χm >1 c. μr >1, χm < 1 3. A stationary spherical object on the surface of liquid starts
b. μr < 1, χm < 0 d. μr < 1, χm > 0 moving downwards.
a. How much viscous does the object experience when it starts
11. An electron and proton are injected into a uniform electric field at moving? [1]
right angles to the direction of the field with equal momentum. b. When will the object attain terminal velocity? Show with
Then, necessary mathematical relation. [2]
a. The electron trajectory will be less curved the proton trajectory c. Draw a graph to show the change is velocity of the object when it
b. The proton trajectory will be less curved the electron trajectory moves in a viscous medium. [2]
c. Both trajectories will be equally curved 4. Answer the following questions.
d. Both trajectory will be straight a. State first law of thermodynamics for isothermal and adiabatic
processes. [1]
b. Why Cp is greater than Cv? [2]
Group ‘B’
c. Prove that the work done on adiabatic process depends only on
Short Answer Questions [8 x 5 = 40] the difference in temperature of initial and final states. [2]
1. Answer the following questions. 5. A simple experiment to study electromagnetic induction is shown
a. What is the effect of impurity on the surface tension of liquid? [1] in the figure.
b. Give molecular theory of surface tension. [2] a. Define the term ‘electromagnetic
c. Discuss the shape of liquid meniscus in terms of excess induction’ [1]
pressure.[2] b. Discuss the deflection produced in
2. Answer the following questions. galvanometer when you move the magnet
a. What do you mean by optical and geometrical path [1] (a) left towards the coil (b) right away from
the coil [2]
 (By BB Sir)21

c. Mention any two ways of increasing the induced current in the c. Which isotope have maximum and minimum decay constant?
above experiment. [2] Why? [3]
d. Let the magnetic flux linked with the coil varies as: ϕ = 5 t2 - 2 t +
3. Obtained the induced current in the coil after 2 s if the resistance Group ‘C’
of coil is 8Ω. [2]
6. A student wires a bridge rectifier incorrectly as shown in the figure Long answer questions [8 × 3 = 24]
below. Explain what you would expect to observe when an 9. Electrical energy is supplied by a high-voltage power line which
oscilloscope is connected across the load has a total resistance of 4.0 Ω. At the input to the line, the root-
resistor R. mean-square (r.m.s.) voltage has a value of 400 kV and the input
a. Explain what would be the nature of output
power is 500 MW.
voltage in this connection. [2]
i.
b. Identify his mistake and correct it. [1]
a. Explain what is meant by root-mean-square voltage. [1]
c. Explain how your correct circuit converts ac into dc. [2]
b. Calculate the minimum voltage that the insulators which support the
line must withstand without breakdown. [2]
7. A student is sitting on the beach, observing a power boat moving at
c. Calculate the value of the r.m.s. current in the power line. [2]
speed on the sea. The boat has a siren emitting a constant sound
d. Calculate the power loss on the line. [2]
of frequency 420 Hz. The boat moves around in a circular path
e. Explain why it is an advantage to transmit the power at a high voltage.
with a speed of 25 m s−1. The student notices that the pitch of the
[1]
siren changes with a regular pattern.
OR
a. Explain why the pitch of the siren changes, as observed by the
Figure below shows a square coil about to enter a region of
student. [1]
uniform magnetic field of magnetic flux density 0.30 T. The
b. Determine the maximum and minimum frequencies that the student
magnetic field is at right angles to the plane of the coil. The coil
will hear. [3]
has 150 turns and each side is 2.0 cm in length. The coil moves at
c. At which point in the boat’s motion will the student hear the most
a constant speed of 0.50 m s−1.
high-pitched note? [1] (Speed of sound in air = 330 m s−1)
a. Calculate the time taken for the coil to
completely enter the region of magnetic
8. The following graph shows the radioactive decay of three different
field. [1]
isotopes a, b, and c. Study the
b. Determine the magnetic flux linkage
graph and answer the following
No. of undecayed nuclei

through the coil when it is all within the

questions.
region of magnetic field. [2]
a. Explain the similarities between
a c. Explain why the induced e.m.f. is constant
three graphs. [1]
while the coil is entering the magnetic field. [1]
b. Explain in about the half lifes of b
c d. Use your answer to ‘b’ to determine the induced e.m.f. across the ends
three isotopes. [2]
of the coil. [1]
time
 (By BB Sir)22

e. What is the induced e.m.f. across the ends of the coil when it is b. Figure below shows some of the energy levels of an isolated atom
completely within the magnetic field? Explain your answer.[1] of helium.
f. Sketch a graph to show the variation of the induced e.m.f. with time
from the instant that the coil enters the magnetic field. Your time axis
should go from 0 to 0.08 s. [2]

10. Answer the following questions.

a. State two similarities and two differences between progressive
waves and stationary waves. [2]
b. Figure below shows an experiment to measure the speed of a sound
in a string. The frequency of the vibrator is adjusted until the
standing wave shown in Figure 15.20 is formed.

i. Explain the significance of the energy levels having negative values.

[2]
ii. Explain, with reference to the energy level diagram above, how a dark
line in the spectrum may be due to the presence of helium in the
atmosphere of the Sun. [2]
iii. All the light absorbed by the atoms in the Sun’s atmosphere is re-
emitted. Suggest why a dark spectral line of wavelength of 590 nm is
i. On a copy of the diagram, mark a node (label it N) and an antinode still observed from the Earth. [2]
(label it A). [2]
ii. The frequency of the vibrator is 120 Hz. Calculate the speed at
which a progressive wave would travel along the string. [2]
c. The experiment is now repeated with the load on the string halved.
In order to get a similar standing wave the frequency has to be
decreased to 30 Hz. Explain, in terms of the speed of the wave in
the string, why the frequency must be adjusted. [2]

11. The spectrum of sunlight has dark lines. These dark lines are due
to the absorption of certain wavelengths by the cooler gases in the
atmosphere of the Sun.
a. One particular dark spectral line has a wavelength of 590 nm.
Calculate the energy of a photon with this wavelength. [2]
 (By BB Sir)23

AMBITION ACADEMY SECONDARY School

6. In the propagation of light wave, the angle between the plane of
Model Set-7 (XII Physics) vibration and plane of polarization is:
a. 00 b. 900 c. 450 d. 1800
Circle the best alternative to the following questions (11 × 1 = 11)
Group 'A' 7. Laplace correction makes use of which of the following process?
1. The moment of inertia of a body of mass ‘M’ about a given axis is a. Isobaric b. Isothermal c. Adiabatic d. Isochoric
‘I’. The radius of gyration about the same axis is: 8. A transformer core is laminated to:
𝐼 a. Reduce hysteresis loss
a. 𝑀
b. 𝐼𝑀 c. √𝐼/𝑀 d. √𝐼𝑀
b. Reduce eddy current loss
c. Reduce copper loss
2. Two simple harmonic motions are given by: x1 = a sin (ωt) and x2
d. Reduce all above losses
= b cos (ωt). The phase difference between them in radian is:
9. The thermocouple can not measure the difference:
a. π b. π/2 c. π/4 d. 0
a. Between cold junction temperature and neutral temperature
b. Between neutral and inversion temperature
3. What fraction of wood raft of density 0.8 g/cc will remain outside
c. Between cold junction temperature and inversion temperature
the sea water of density 1.2 g/cc?
d. Just above the cold temperature
a. 2/3 b. ½ c. 2/5 d. 1/3

10. Curie temperature is the temperature at which:

4. An ideal gas undergoes a reversible isothermal expansion from
a. A ferromagnetic substance becomes paramagnetic
initial state ‘i’ to final state ‘f’. The change in entropy is:
b. A paramagnetic substance becomes ferromagnetic
a. 0
c. A paramagnetic substance becomes diamagnetic
b. > 0
d. A ferromagnetic substance becomes diamagnetic
c. < 0
d. Not defined for this process
11. Which of the following particle is considered as God particle?
a. Neutrino
5. An ideal monoatomic gas is taken round the cycle ABCDA as
b. Higgs Boson
shown in the figure. The work done during the cycle is:
c. Meson
P
d. Positron
D C
2P

P A B
V
V 2V

a. PV b. 2PV c. PV/2 d. Zero

 (By BB Sir)24

Group ‘B’ b. Using this principle, verify the laws of refraction of light. [3]
OR
Short answer questions. [8 × 5 = 40] a. Compare interference and diffraction of light. [2]
b. A plane transmission grating gives angle of diffraction of light at
1. Answer the following questions.
a. What is a couple of force? Give an example of a couple of forces 300 in the second order. Find the number of lines per cm on the
in your home. [2] grating is the wavelength of light used is 50000 nm. [2]
b. Obtain the moment of inertia of a thin uniform rod about the axis 5. A shunt is used to convert a galvanometer of resistance ‘G’ into an
passing through its one end and perpendicular to its length. [3] ammeter.
a. A shunt must have very low resistance, why?[1]
b. To increase the range of ammeter ‘n’ times, what value of shunt is
2. Answer the following questions.
a. Compare circular motion and simple harmonic motion with required? [1]
examples of each. [2] c. If the galvanometer shows deflection out of range in an
b. A certain simple pendulum has a time period of 1.6 s on the surface experiment, what conclusion can be drawn? [1]
of the earth. Obtain its time period on Mars where g = 3.71 ms -2. d. While converting a galvanometer of resistance 10 Ω into an
ammeter of the range 1A, a very small resistance 0.1 Ω in parallel
[3]
and a resistor 89.9 Ω in series are required with the galvanometer.
OR
a. Define capillarity. Why undergarments are usually made up of What is full scale reading in galvanometer? [2]
cotton? Explain. [2] OR
b. What correction is to be made on the barometer reading if the An alternating emf is applied across a capacitor.
a. Justify that current in the capacitor leads the potential difference
barometer has a glass tube of an internal diameter of 3 mm?
[surface tension of mercury = 0.545 N/m, density of mercury = by phase angle of π/2. [3]
13600 kg/m3, angle of contact = 1400] [3] b. Write the equation of house-hold AC supply in Nepal (i.e. 200V
and 50 Hz) [2]
3. Answer the following questions.
a. When we blow air with our mouths narrow open, we feel the air 6. Figure below shows a thin strip of metal of thickness ‘t’ and width
cool. When the mouth is made wide open, we feel the air warm. ‘d’. The metal strip is in a magnetic field of flux density ‘B’ and
What are the thermodynamic processes involved in these carries a current ‘I’, as shown.
processes? Explain. [2]
b. In the case of the petrol engine, in which stroke does the adiabatic
process occur? [1]
c. In a petrol engine the rate of production of heat due to the
combustion of petrol is 5.45 × 105 cal/hr. The efficiency of engine
is 30 %, calculate the power of the engine. [2]
a. Copy the diagram and mark on your diagram: [1+1]
4. Answer the following questions.
i. The side of the strip that becomes negative because of the Hall effect.
a. State and explain Huygen’s principle. [2]
ii. Where a voltmeter needs to be placed to measure the Hall voltage.
 (By BB Sir)25

b. Given that I = 40 mA, d = 9.0 mm, t = 0.030 mm, B = 0.60 T, e = 1.6 e. In Hall effect experiment, is it possible that no transverse potential
× 10−19 C and n = 8.5 × 1028 m–3, calculate: difference will be observed? Under what circumstance might it
i. The mean drift velocity v of the free electrons in the metal [2] happen? [2]
ii. The Hall voltage across the metal strip. [1] 10. Answer the following questions.
a. What is Doppler’s effect? Explain. [2]
7. Answer the following questions. b. A source of sound is kept on moving swing. The frequency of
a. Can X-ray diffraction be performed with an ordinary grating? [2] sound heard by a man standing infront of the swing is always
b. The spacing of atomic planes in a crystal is 1.1 × 10-10 m and when different from the frequency of sound herd by a man standing
monochromatic beam of X-ray incident o them at glancing angle behind the swing. Prove this statement. [3]
0f 50, a first order image is produced. Calculate the wavelength of c. A source of sound generates sound waves which travel with s speed
X-rays and the glancing angle for second order diffraction. [3] of 340 m/s. The frequency of the source is 500 Hz. Find the
8. Answer the following questions. frequency of sound heard if:
a. A nucleus contains no electrons yet ejects them. Explain.[2] i. The source is moving towards the stationary observer with a
b. A radioactive source has decayed to one tenth of one percent in speed of 30 m/s.
100 days. What is its half life period? [3] ii. The observer is moving towards the stationary source with the
speed of 30 m/s.
Group ‘C’ iii. Both the source and observer move with a speed of 30 m/s and
Long answer questions. [ 3 × 8 = 24] approach each other.
11. Answer the following questions.
9. In the circuit as shown in figure, ab is a a. (i) What do you mean by quantization of charge? [1]
battery. When switch is suddenly closed, the a bs (ii) The visible light cannot be used to do the function of X-rays
wire L is pulled towards the lower conductor L in this experiment, why? [2]
parallel with the wire carrying current I. I b. In the absence of electric field the drop will have certain terminal
conductor velocity. When electric field is switched ON and X-ray is passed,
a. Which terminal a or b of battery is
positive? Explain. [2] what observation will be observed in the terminal velocity of the
b. Is the wire pulled towards the conductor if it is not parallel with drop? [2]
the conductor? Explain. [1] c. (i) In a Millikan’ s apparatus an oil drop of weight 2.0 × 10-16 kg
c. A closed curve encircles several conductors. The line integral acquires two surplus electrons. When a p.d. of 620 V is applied
around this curve is 3.83 × 10-4 Tm. What is the net current between the pairs of horizontal plates, the drop remains in
enclosed by the curve? [1] equilibrium. Calculate the distance between the plates. [2]
d. A current carrying solenoid produces magnetic field along its axis. d. Sketch the forces involved in this situation with their directions.
Does the magnetic field at its center change if iron rod is inserted [1]
inside it? If yes, by what factor does it change? Explain. [2] OR
In the photoelectric effect, when electromagnetic radiation strikes the
metal surface, electrons leave the metal surface. However, electron
 (By BB Sir)26

emission is not possible if the frequency of incident radiation is below

the certain value.
a. Why there is no emission of electrons by the radiation of frequency
below the certain value? [2]
b. State two evidences suggested by photoelectric effect which suggests
the particle nature of light. [1]
c. The work function of metal is 3.8 eV. Calculate the minimum
frequency of radiation to cause photoelectric effect. [2]
d. An electron at the surface of metal is emitted with a kinetic energy of
4.5 × 10-19 J. Calculate the energy of incident photon in eV.
e. Mention any two uses of photoelectric effect in daily life. [1]