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Eye Diagram

An eye diagram is an effective tool for analyzing digital signals. It is generated by triggering an oscilloscope with the bit rate of the signal and superimposing multiple bit periods. The eye opening indicates the maximum noise and interference that can be tolerated while reliably detecting 1s and 0s. Key parameters obtained from an eye diagram include the eye height, eye width, and sensitivity to timing errors from jitter. A wider eye opening with faster transition times allows more tolerance to noise and interference.

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20ELB355 MOHAMMAD ESAAM
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68 views

Eye Diagram

An eye diagram is an effective tool for analyzing digital signals. It is generated by triggering an oscilloscope with the bit rate of the signal and superimposing multiple bit periods. The eye opening indicates the maximum noise and interference that can be tolerated while reliably detecting 1s and 0s. Key parameters obtained from an eye diagram include the eye height, eye width, and sensitivity to timing errors from jitter. A wider eye opening with faster transition times allows more tolerance to noise and interference.

Uploaded by

20ELB355 MOHAMMAD ESAAM
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Eye Diagram

 It is a very effective practical engineering tool for signal analysis


during real-time experiments.
 It can easily be generated using an oscilloscope.
 Apply the received signal to the vertical input of the oscilloscope.
 Trigger the oscilloscope with a time base of a rate equal to the bit rate
(1/Tb).
 The sweep lasting time Tb
 The oscilloscope shows the superposition of many traces of length Tb
from the signal.
 What appears on the scope is the input signal cut up every Tb and then
superimposed on top of one another.
Formation of an Eye Diagram

VOH VOH

VOL VOL

Bit 0 “0” Bit 1 “0” Bit 2 “0” Bit 0 “1” Bit 1 “1” Bit 2 “1”

VOH VOH

VOL VOL

Bit 0 “0” Bit 1 “1” Bit 2 “1” Bit 0 “1” Bit 1 “0” Bit 2 “0”
Formation of an Eye Diagram

VOH VOH

VOL VOL

Bit 0 “0” Bit 1 “1” Bit 2 “0” Bit 0 “1” Bit 1 “0” Bit 2 “1”

VOH VOH

VOL VOL

Bit 0 “0” Bit 1 “0” Bit 2 “1” Bit 0 “1" Bit 1 “1” Bit 2 “0”
Formation of an Eye Diagram

VOH

VOL

Bit 0 Bit 1 Bit 2

The Resultant Eye Diagram


Important Parameters Obtained from an Eye Diagram

: Time instant at which the eye-opening is widest

: The height of the eye-opening,


at a specified sampling time

: The width of the eye-opening defines


the error-free sampling region from ISI
 Sensitivity to timing error (slope):
 The sensitivity of the system to timing errors is determined by the rate of closure
of the eye as the sampling time is varied. It is measured using the rising and
falling slope of the signal in the eye diagram.
 Faster rise times result in more “open” eye diagrams. This is because the digital
signal is valid for a longer time during that bit period.
 The faster the transition time, the larger the eye width will be. In contrast, the
slower the transition, the smaller the eye width will be.
Eye
Eye
Width
Width

This signal has relatively fast rise and fall This signal has relatively slow rise and fall
transitions resulting in an Eye Width of 298 pS transitions resulting in an Eye Width of 211pS
 Time Jitter:
 Jitter is a measure of signal quality that is derived from the amount of variance
in the signal’s characteristics.
 The more precise a signal’s transitions are in time relative to the other
transitions, the less jitter there will be.
 For example, in the theoretical “zero” jitter case, all of the bit transitions will
lay perfectly on top of each other in the eye diagram for very precise transition
times.
 If however, the signal transitions are not precise, the eye diagram edges will
appear thicker because the signal is transitioning earlier or later in time relative
to the other bit transitions.

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