Alpha & Beta 3 5 Plunge
Alpha & Beta 3 5 Plunge
Alpha & Beta 3 5 Plunge
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Cleavage
il East mb
N Plunge angle
West limb
Fold axis
On a stereonet, we plot one of two data types: planes or lines. A plane plots as a line that fits on a great circle. A line plots as a point. Where two planes cross, they create an intersecting line. Where the plane of an east limb intersects the plane of a west limb, the intersecting line is the fold axis. So the point where the plane of the east limb crosses the plane of the west limb defines the plunge of the fold. Similarly, cleavage intersecting either limb defines the plunge of a fold.
The fold axis can additionally be directly measured in outcrop if the hinge is exposed or more commonly from measuring the intersection lineation where visible on a bedding or cleavage surface
Wes t lim b
Cleavage
ing dd Be
EOH
Cleavage
Bed ding
EOH
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3.5. Determining the plunge of folds Plunge in drill core III: using the b angle
Cl ea va ge
This method utilises the bottom of the ellipse as the dip direction, perpendicular to strike. The relative change in strike can approximate the likely plunge. The relative change in strike is measured by determining the angular difference of bedding from cleavage measured clockwise or anticlockwise when viewed down the hole. N
i ng dd Be
EOH
a difference
If a vertical, regional cleavage is assumed, the relative change in strike of bedding can be plotted by the measured angle clockwise or anticlockwise from the strike of the cleavage. If there is a significant change in the alpha angle, the difference can be approximated and the bedding plane more accurately reconstructed. Be careful to correctly assign an east or west dip. This method can quickly approximate plunge. When done once for a limb, it can be quickly monitored down a hole for any changes. Given that planes are more common down a hole than intersection lineations, this is the most desirable method to use.
Fold axis
EOH
Bottom of the hole Bottom of the cleavage ellipse Bottom of the bedding ellipse