Geography

Code No. 029

Class XI (2021-22)
Term wise Syllabus

COURSE CONTENT TERM I

MARKS: 35
Weightage
15
Part A: Fundamentals of Physical Geography Mark
s
3
Unit I: Geography as a Discipline
Geography as an integrating discipline, as a science of spatial
attributes. Branches of Geography: Physical Geography and Human
Geography. Scope and Career Options (Non-evaluative)
9
Unit II: The Earth
Origin and evolution of the earth; interior of the earth
Wegener's continental drift theory and plate tectonics
Earthquakes and volcanoes: causes, types and effects
3
Unit III: Landforms
Rocks: major types of rocks and their characteristics
15
Part B: India - Physical Environment Mark
s
7
Unit I: Introduction
Location, space relations, India's place in the world
8
Unit II: Physiography
Drainage systems: Concept of river basins, watershed; the Himalayan
and the Peninsular rivers
5
Map work on identification / interpolation of features based on the units on the
outline Physical/Political map of the world/ India
15
Part C: Practical Work Marks
CH1: Introduction to Maps
CH2: Map Scale
CH3: Latitudes, Longitudes and Time

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 COURSE CONTENT TERM II

MARKS : 35
Weightage

15
Part A: Fundamentals of Physical Geography Marks
8
Unit IV: Climate
Atmosphere- composition and structure; elements of weather and
climate
Insolation-angle of incidence and distribution; heat budget of the earth-
heating and cooling of atmosphere (conduction, convection, terrestrial
radiation and advection); temperature - factors controlling
temperature; distribution of temperature - horizontal and vertical;
inversion of temperature
Pressure-pressure belts; winds-planetary, seasonal and local; air
masses and fronts; tropical and extra-tropical cyclones
Precipitation-evaporation; condensation-dew, frost, fog, mist and
cloud; rainfall-types and world distribution
4
Unit V: Water (Oceans)
Movements of ocean water-waves, tides and currents; submarine
reliefs
Ocean resources and pollution
3
Unit VI: Life on the Earth
Biosphere - importance of plants and other organisms; biodiversity
and conservation.
15
Part B: India - Physical Environment Marks
15
Unit III: Climate, Vegetation and Soil
• Weather and climate - spatial and temporal distribution of temperature,
pressure winds and rainfall, Indian monsoon: mechanism, onset and
withdrawal, variability of rainfalls: spatial and temporal; use of weather
charts
• Natural vegetation-forest types and distribution; wild life; conservation;
biosphere reserves
• Soils - major types (ICAR's classification) and their distribution, soil
degradation and conservation

Map work on identification/ interpolation of features based on the units on the 5

outline Physical/Political map of the world/ India

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 15
Part Practical Work Marks
C:
CH6: Introduction to Aerial Photograph
CH7: Introduction to Remote Sensing.
CH8: Weather Instruments, Maps and Charts

Prescribed Books:
1. Fundamentals of Physical Geography, Class XI, Published by NCERT
2. India, Physical Environment, Class XI, Published by NCERT
3. Practical Work in Geography, Class XI, Published by NCERT

Note: The above textbooks are also available in Hindi medium.

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 Geography
Code No. 029
Class XII (2021-22)
Term wise Syllabus

COURSE CONTENT TERM I

MARKS : 35
Weightage
15
Part A: Fundamentals of Human Geography Marks
3
Unit I: Human Geography: Nature and Scope
7
Unit II: People
Population - distribution, density and growth
Population change - spatial patterns and structure; determinants
of population change
Human development - concept; selected indicators, international
comparisons
5
Unit III: Human Activities
Primary activities - concept and changing trends; gathering,
pastoral, mining, subsistence agriculture, modern agriculture;
people engaged in agricultural and allied activities - some
examples from selected countries
15
Part B: India: People and Economy Marks
5
Unit I: People
Population: distribution, density and growth
Migration: International and national-Types causes and
consequences
5
Unit II: Human Settlements
Rural settlements - types and distribution
Urban settlements - types, distribution and functional
classification
5
Unit III: Resources and Development
Water resources - availability and utilization-irrigation, domestic,

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 industrial and other uses; scarcity of water and conservation
methods-rain water harvesting and watershed management
Map Work on identification of features based on 1-5 units on the outline 5
Political map of World.

15
Part C: Practical Work Marks

Unit 1: Processing of Data and Thematic Mapping

Processing of Data and Thematic Mapping
Type and Sources of data: Primary, Secondary and other sources
Tabulating and processing of data; calculation of averages,
measures of central tendency

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 COURSE CONTENT TERM II

MARKS : 35
Weightage
15
Part A: Fundamentals of Human Geography Marks
9
Unit III: Human Activities
Secondary activities-concept; manufacturing: types - household,
small scale, large scale; agro based and mineral based
industries; people engaged in secondary activities - some
examples from selected countries
Tertiary activities-concept; trade, transport and tourism;
services; people engaged in tertiary activities - some examples
from selected countries
Quaternary activities-concept; people engaged in quaternary
activities - case study from selected countries
6
Unit IV: Transport and Communication
Land transport - roads, railways; trans-continental railways
Water transport - inland waterways; major ocean routes
Air transport - Intercontinental air routes
Oil and gas pipelines
Satellite communication and cyberspace - importance and
usage for geographical information; use of GPS

15
Part B: India: People and Economy Marks
7
Unit III: Resources and Development
Mineral and energy resources - distribution of metallic (Iron ore,
Copper, Bauxite, Manganese); non-metallic (Mica, Salt)
minerals; conventional (Coal, Petroleum, Natural gas and
Hydroelectricity) and non-conventional energy sources (solar,
wind, biogas) and conservation
Planning in India - target group area planning (case study); idea
of sustainable development (case study)
4
Unit IV: Transport and Communication
Transport and communication-roads, railways, waterways and
airways: oil and gas pipelines; Geographical information and
communication networks
4
Unit V: Geographical Perspective on selected issues and problems

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 Environmental pollution; urban-waste disposal
Urbanization, rural-urban migration; problems of slums
Land degradation
5
Map work on locating and labelling of features based on above units on
outline map of India.
15
Part C: Practical Work Marks

Unit 1: Processing of Data and Thematic Mapping

Representation of data- construction of diagrams: Lines, bars,
circles and flowchart; thematic maps; construction of dot;
choropleth and isopleth maps
Data analysis and generation of diagrams, graphs and other
visual diagrams using computers

Prescribed Books:
1. Fundamentals of Human Geography, Class XII, Published by NCERT
2. India - People and Economy, Class XII, Published by NCERT
3. Practical Work in Geography, Class XII, Published by NCERT

Note: The above textbooks are also available in Hindi medium.

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 Fundamentals of Human Geography
Class XII - Textbook I (NCERT)
Map Items for identification only on outline political map of the World.

Unit-1 Ch.-1 Nil

Unit-2 Ch. 2 and 4 1 The largest country in each continent in terms of area
Unit-3 Ch. 5 to 8 1 Areas of subsistence gathering
Primary Activities 2 Major areas of nomadic herding of the world
3 Major areas of commercial livestock rearing
4 Major areas of extensive commercial grain faming
5 Major areas of mixed farming of the World
6 Major areas of Mediterranean agriculture of the World
Secondary Activities 1 Ruhr region, Silicon Valley, Appalachian region, Great
lakes region
Unit - 4 Ch. 8 2 Transcontinental Railways: Terminal Stations of
transcontinental railways – Trans Siberian, Trans
Canadian, Tran Australian Railways
3 Major Sea Ports:
Europe: North Cape, London, Hamburg
North America: Vancouver, San Francisco, New
Orleans
South America: Rio De Janeiro, Colon, Valparaiso
Africa: Suez, Durban and Cape Town
Asia: Yokohama, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Aden,
Karachi, Kolkata
Australia: Perth, Sydney, Melbourne
4. Inland Waterways: Suez Canal, Panama Canal, Rhine
waterway and St. Lawrence Seaway
5. Major Airports:
Asia: Tokyo, Beijing, Mumbai, Jedda, Aden
Africa: Johannesburg & Nairobi

Europe: Moscow, London, Paris, Berlin and Rome

North America: Chicago, New Orleans, Mexico City
South America: Buenos Aires, Santiago
Australia: Darwin and Wellington

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 India - People and Economy
Class XII-Textbook II (NCERT)
Map Items for locating and labelling only on the outline political map of India

Units - 1 Ch. 1 to 4 • State with highest level of urbanization and lowest level of
&2 urbanization
• State with higher level of population density & one state with
lowest level of population density
• One out migrating state
• One in migrating state
• Any city with more than 10 million population – Greater Mumbai,
Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Bengaluru
Unit - 3 Ch. 6 to 9
Mines:
● Iron-ore mines: Mayurbhanj, Bailadila, Ratnagiri, Bellary
● Manganese mines: Balaghat, Shimoga
● Copper mines: Hazaribagh, Singhbhum, Khetri
● Bauxite mines: Katni, Bilaspur and Koraput
● Coal mines: Jharia, Bokaro, Raniganj, Neyveli
● Oil Refineries: Mathura, Jamnagar, Baroni Industries
Unit - 9 Ch. 10 Transport:
(i) Important nodes on north south corridor, east west corridor &
Golden Quadrilateral
Unit-10 Ch.12 NIL

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