KEELING & WALKER LTD

Infrared Absorbing Oxides

 2015
Keeling & Walker Limited:

Keeling & Walker Ltd.:

• Based in the United Kingdom
• A part of the Amalgamated Metal Corporation
• over 100 years of manufacturing experience
• Leading manufacturer of Tin Oxides and Advanced Pigments
• ISO 9001, 14001 and 50001 certified
• 31 employees
• approx. 35 Mio USD turnover
• Subsiduary in Germany: Thermox Performance Materials GmbH, Essen
K&W Products:

Tin Oxide Doped Tin Oxides Advanced Pigments

Particle Size Range Antimony Doped Tin Yellow and Blue

3 nm – 500 µm Oxides Indium Tin Oxide

High Purity Fluorine doped Tin Doped Tungsten

99.9 % - 99.999% Oxides Oxide
Aqueous / Solvent
AlphaStannic Acid Nano dispersions
Nano dispersions

Metastannic Acid Zinc Tin Oxide

Aqueous Nano Calcium Tin Oxide

dispersions
K&W Key Markets for Tin Oxide:

Ceramic Colour Pigmentnts Friction Materials

SnO2

Glass Melting Electrodes / Electric and Electronic Materials

Glass Refining Additives
K&W Key Markets for Infrared Absorbing Oxides

Laser Marking Additives Reheating Additives Solar Absorbing Films

Security Application 3D Printing High Speed Sintering 3D-MID: Structuring

 Nano-sized material
IR Film Application Dispersions in organic solvents
Variable IR Absorption

Plastics industry
Laser Marking Nano size not required
Low color
Low toxicity, preferably FDA / Food
Contact

IR Active - materials
Nanosized not always required
Security Solutions IR absorption at 864 and 1064 nm
Low colour

Low colour
Reheating Additive Nano sized dispersions
FDA / Food contact

LDS /3D-MID Low colour

Nanosize not required
High sensitivity for 1064 nm

Confidential
K&W Key Products:

Antimony Doped Doped Tungsten

Indium Tin Oxides
Tin Oxides Oxides

StanoStat CPM 10C Irasorb YITO Irasorb CTO20

CPM10C Colloidal
Irasorb BITO Irasorb CTO M10
Dispersion in water

CPM10C Colloidal BITO Dispersion in

Dispersion in Exxsol Plasticizer
Nano Dispersions:

Tin Oxide ATO ATO Yellow Blue

AMSOL CPM10C CPM10C ITO ITO

Solvent water water Exxsol D140 water plasticizer

None or
Additive Aminoalcohol dispersant dispersant dispersant
Aminoalcohol

pH 10 - 12 7 -9 n.a. n.a. n.a.

Primary Crystallite
5 - 10 5 - 10 5 - 10 10 10- 50
size

Solids concentration 17 – 21 % 20 - 25% 20 - 25% 20 - 25% 20 %

Doped Tin Oxides: Chemical & Physical Properties
Type ATO (CPM) ATO (CP) ITO Blue ITO Yellow

Dopand Sb Sb In In

Dopand Level 0.5 – 15.0% 0.3 – 20 % 90 % 90%

Colour Grey – blue Light grey Dark-blue Yellow

Thermal
> 1000°C > 1000°C 800°C 800°C
Stability

0.2 – 100
Conductivity < 20 ohm.cm < 0.2 ohm.cm < 10 ohm.cm
ohm.cm

Transparent
yes no yes yes
dispersion
StanoStat CPM range:

CPM03C CPM05C CPM10C CPM15C CPM20C-HT

Powder Resistivity
11 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.7
(Ω.cm)

Aggregate particle size

3 3 3 3 3
D50% (µm)
Surface Area (BET)
30 35 50 70 60
(m2/g)
Primary Crystallite
5 - 10 5 - 10 5 - 10 5 - 10 5 - 10
size

Apparent Density (g/l) 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Tap Density (g/l) 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800

Antimony Tin Oxide (StanoStat CPM range):

 SnO2 / Sb2O5 mixed metal oxide with nano-sized primary particles

 Comprises aggregates of spherical primary particles
 Primary particle size (by TEM) 10 – 20 nm
 Easily milled in a variety of aqueous and organic media for production of
nano-particulate dispersions and pastes

Applications:
 Antistatic and Infrared Light Absorbing Polymers, Films, Coatings and Inks
 StanoStat CPM10C / F spectra

40
CPM10C 14

Absorption (K-M function) arb.units

35 CPM10F CPM10C
12 CPM10F
30
Reflectance (%)

10
25
8
20

6
15

10 4

5 2

0 0
300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400
Wavelength (nm) Wavelength (nm)

Powder reflectance Powder Absorption

StanoStat CPM10 Colloidal dispersion / Transmission spectra

80 CPM10C nanodispersion in water

2%
1%
70
0.5%
Transmittance (%)

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500

Wavelength (nm)
 Antimony Tin Oxide (StanoStat CPM range):

Keeling & Walker Coated Glass - OAN1568

100.0

95

90

85

80

75

70

65

60

55

50
%T
45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0.0
400.0 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3300.0
nm
Dat e Created: Mon Aug 20 10: 04:48 2007
Comments: Eagle 2000 ATO coated glass (OAN1568/1) vs Spectrum Pathname: C:\ UVWINLAB\ DAT A\DRC\K&W OAN1568\ COAT 2. SP
uncoated glass (OAN1568/2)

ATO Coating on Glass: Transmission Spectrum

StanoStat CPM based window film example:

Transmission Spectra of a
commercial heat protecting window film
StanoStat CPM in Polycarbonate plates:

Transmission Spectra of a
commercial heat protecting window film
Antimony Tin Oxide (StanoStat CPM range):

Heat Absorbing Paints based on CPM

Nanodispersions

Shop Front windows

Appartment complex windows

Courtesy of CRF Nano Technology

Clive Fletcher, South Africa
Antimony Tin Oxide (StanoStat CPM range):

Aluminum Foil vs CPM based Coating

Advantage CPM Coating:

- no mirror effect
- no blistering
- 7°C better than Al foil

Coating on the inside

Courtesy of CRF Nano Technology

Clive Fletcher, South Africa
Antimony Tin Oxide (StanoStat CPM range):

Reheating additives

Highly efficient at low levels, improves the resin colour

19
19
Antimony Tin Oxide (StanoStat CP range):

 Non transparent applications: easy to disperse in polymers, paper, fibers, inks

 Low colours: off-white to pale blue powders
 Applications: Laser Marking, 3D-MID, Antistatic, Product Security Enhancement
StanoStat CP range for Laser Marking Application
Type CP5C CP5LC CP5R CP8C CP150C

Dopand Sb Sb Sb Sb Sb

Dopand Level 5% 5% 5% 8% 15%

Colour Grey – blue Light grey Pale grey Grey blue Grey blue

Marking on Polymer, Polymer, Polymer, Polymer,

Polymer
Substrate Ceramic Fibre Paper Ceramic
Laser Direct
Yes Yes n.d. n.d. n.d.
Structuring
Glass fibre Low colour, White on
Advantage
filled PA particle size Black
Antimony Tin Oxide (StanoStat CP5 range):

Colour Data:

CP5R CP5LC
Grade L a b
CP5C 82.13 -2.04 -3.06
CP5LC 87.1 -1.65 0.23
CP5R 88.9 -1.7 1.49

CP5C
StanoStat CP Full Reflectance Spectra

CP5R
StanoStat CP Full Reflectance Spectra
Fluoride Tin Oxide (FTO)
80

70

60

Reflectance (%)
50

40

30

20
FTO
10

300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400

Wavelength (nm)

- Light coloured
- good dispersability in coatings Colour Data:
- nano sized dispersions possible
Grade L a b
Applications:
FTO 91.4 -1.37 2.32
Electrodes, Glass and Antistatic Coating,
Solar Cells
Indium Tin Oxides (ITO)

Yellow ITO Irasorb BITO: Blue ITO

Composition 90% In2O3 / 10% SnO2 Partially reduced ITO
 Surface area > 50 m2/g (by BET Surface area >35 m2/g
method) Resistivity < 0.2 ohm.cm
 Resistivity < 10 ohm.cm
 Irasorb BITO

80
Blue Indium Tin Oxide 22
Blue Indium Tin Oxide
70 2% dispersion in plasticizer
20
60
Transmittance (%)

18

Reflectance (%)
50
16

40
14

30 12

20 10

10 8

0 6
300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400
300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500
Wavelength (nm) Wavelength (nm)

Blue ITO Dispersion: Blue ITO Powder:

Transmittance Spectrum Reflectance Spectrum

Applications: TCO films, Antistatic coatings, Infrared Light Absorbing Layers

Irasorb BITO
Blue Indium Tin Oxide ( Irasorb BITO)
Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)
 Doped Tungsten Oxides

Doped Tungsten Oxide:

Composition: Proprietory
Surface Area: > 20 m2/gr (By BET Method)

Applications: Infrared Light Absorbing Layers in films, inks and polymers

 Doped Tungsten Oxides vs. Blue Indium Tin Oxide:

Powder Reflectance Dispersion Transmission Spectra

24
CTO 80 BITO in plasticizer 2%
BITO CTO in water 0.2%
21
70

Transmittance (%)
Reflectance (%)

18 60

50
15

40
12
30
9
20

6
10

3 0
300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500

Wavelength (nm) Wavelength (nm)

Dispersion Transmission Spectra of doped Tungsten Oxides :

In Water
Dispersion Transmission Spectra of doped Tungsten Oxides :

In Solvent
Irasorb CTO M10 in Polycarbonate plates
Irasorb CTO M10 in Polycarbonate plates
Irasorb CTO M10 in Polycarbonate plates
Irasorb CTO M10 in Polycarbonate plates
Summary:

Keeling & Walker is a major manufacturer of Infrared Absorbing Oxides

Key Applications are:

Heat Absorbing Films

Antistatic Coatings
Laser Structuring / Marking Additives
Product Security Additives

Tailor made products is the strength of Keeling & Walker.

 Thank You
Keeling & Walker Limited
Whieldon Road, Stoke-on-Trent,
ST4 4JA, United Kingdom
Tel: +44 (0) 1782 744136
Fax: +44 (0) 1782 744126
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.keelingwalker.com