Chemistry

WHAT IS AROMATICITY
The word aroma is used to signify the fragrance or the smell of an

object. It has been observed that most of the aromatic compounds
are derivates of benzene and even benzene has an aroma of its
own, so these classes of compounds have been denoted as
Aromatic compounds. Aromaticity has been usually used to refer to
molecules that have resonance in them. Like in the field of organic
chemistry, the term Aromaticity is used to describe the property of a
cyclic, planar molecule with a ring of resonance bonds that exhibits
greater stability than other geometric or connective arrangements
with the same set of atoms
Aromaticity is defined as a property of the conjugated cycloalkenes

which enhances the stability of a molecule due to the delocalization
of electrons present in the π-π orbitals.
Aromatic molecules are said to be very stable, and they do not break
so easily and also reacts with other types of substances. The organic
compounds which are not said to be aromatic are known as aliphatic
compounds. These might be in cyclic form, but only the aromatic
rings have a special kind of stability
AROMATICITY EXAMPLES
We encounter aromaticity in our day-to-day lives. Even our bodies
function with the help of certain aromatic compounds. Aromatic
compounds are essential in the industry; and around 35 million
tonnes of these compounds are known to be produced worldwide
every year in the form of polymers and chemicals, such as the nylon
and polyester. These compounds are important even in the field of
the biochemistry of all the living things.
Most of the aromatic compounds are said to be the derivatives of

benzene. The word “aromatic” in the real sense refers to the
benzene derivatives, and as it was defined the way first. Also, there
are many non-benzene kinds of aromatic compounds existing too. In
the living organisms, take, for example, the very common type of
aromatic ring is the DNA and RNA bases with double chains. The
functional group of an aromatic compound or the substituent of it is
known as an aryl group.
AROMATICITY RULES
Aromatic compounds are less stable compounds, and they have
many kinds of chemicals as well as synthetic uses. In fact, the
nucleic acids and the amino acids that make up our cell structure
make use of these aromatic compounds. But, the main thing is what
makes aromatic compounds? The aromatics compounds are said to
exhibit some special characteristics or called as rules which are
given below-
The aromatic compounds are always cyclic structures.

Each element of the ring within the structure must and should have a
p-orbital ring which is in a perpendicular form to the ring, and this
makes it a planar molecule
All the compounds obey the Huckel’s Rule, i.e all the aromatic
compounds should have the (4n+2) Pi number of electrons.
The last one is that the organic compound has to be flat.
AROMATICITY IMPORTANCE
Aromaticity plays a major role in the field of biochemistry of all the
living structures. The four kinds of aromatic amino acids called the
histidine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, and the tyrosine serve as the 20
basic types of building-blocks of the proteins. Also, the 5 kinds of
nucleotides naming adenine, cytosine, thymine, guanine, uracil make
up the main sequence within the genetic code present in the DNA
and also RNA and these are said to be aromatic purines and
pyrimidines.
The green pigment in plants called Chlorophyll has a kind of

aromatic system. These compounds are also important in the field of
industry. The most of the key aromatic hydrocarbons which are of
commercial interest are the benzene, ortho-xylene, toluene, para-
xylene. The hydrocarbons are produced from the complex mixtures
which are obtained by the process of refining or distillation, and in-
turn is utilized in the production of various kinds of chemicals such
as styrene, aniline, phenol, polyester, nylon
WHAT IS HUCKELS RULE
Huckel’s Rule is used in order to estimate the aromatic qualities of

any planar ring-shaped molecule in the field of organic chemistry.
The supporting quantum mechanics required for the formulation of
this rule was solved first by the German physical chemist and
physicist Erich Armand Arthur Joseph Huckel in the year 1931.
THE HUCKEL 4n + 2 Pi ELECTRON
A ring-shaped Thus, the aromaticity of the benzene molecule

cyclic molecule is is established since it obeys the Huckel rule.
said to follow the
Huckel rule when
the total number of
pi electrons
belonging to the
This rule is also justified with the help of the Pariser-Parr-Pople
method and the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO)
method.
Generally, aromatic compounds are quite stable due to the

resonance energy or the delocalized electron cloud. For a molecule
to exhibit aromatic qualities, the following conditions must be met by
it:
There must be 4n + 2 𝛑 electrons present in a system of connected

p orbitals (where the electrons are delocalized) belonging to the
molecule.
In order to meet the first condition, the molecule must have an
approximately planar structure wherein the p orbitals are more or
less parallel and have the ability to interact with each other.
The molecule must have a cyclic structure and must have a ring of p
orbitals which doesn’t have any sp3 hybridized atoms.
Other examples of aromatic compounds that comply with Huckel’s
Rule include pyrrole, pyridine, and furan. All three of these examples
have 6 pi electrons each, so the value of n for them would be one.
STABILITY OF MONOCYCLIC
HYDROCARBONS
The stability of monocyclic hydrocarbons, their cations, and their
anions can be understood with the help of the Huckel Rule. A great
example of such a monocyclic hydrocarbon is benzene.
It can be observed that benzene tends to undergo substitution

reactions wherein the number of pi electrons remains the same in
the product. Benzene does not tend to take part in addition reactions
which would cause it to lose its pi electrons. However, catalysts are
generally a prerequisite for the benzene molecule to participate in a
substitution reaction. This stability of the pi electron system
belonging to benzene is often referred to as ‘aromaticity’.
Considering the example of cyclopentadiene, its corresponding
anion (cyclopentadienyl anion) can easily be generated since it has
six pi electrons and is quite stable. On the other hand, the cation of
cyclopentadiene only has four pi electrons, which implies that it does
not exhibit aromaticity as per Huckel’s rule. This cation is quite
difficult to generate, especially when compared to its acyclic
counterpart – the acyclic pentadienyl cation.
Thus, Huckel’s rule is very useful in the estimation of the aromaticity

(and therefore the stability) of ring-shaped molecules of planar
structures.
ARMY PUBLIC SCHOOL
NAME: Amar Singh Bhadouria

CLASS: 12 A
ADMISSION NO: 13055
SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY
SUBMITTED TO: Mrs. Mithlesh Chauhan
ACKNOWLEDGEMEN
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principal).
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WHAT IS AROMATICITY

The word aroma is used to signify the fragrance or the smell of an

Aromaticity is defined as a property of the conjugated cycloalkenes

Most of the aromatic compounds are said to be the derivatives of

The aromatic compounds are always cyclic structures.

The green pigment in plants called Chlorophyll has a kind of

WHAT IS HUCKELS RULE

Huckel’s Rule is used in order to estimate the aromatic qualities of

THE HUCKEL 4n + 2 Pi ELECTRON

A ring-shaped Thus, the aromaticity of the benzene molecule

Generally, aromatic compounds are quite stable due to the

There must be 4n + 2 𝛑 electrons present in a system of connected

It can be observed that benzene tends to undergo substitution

Thus, Huckel’s rule is very useful in the estimation of the aromaticity

ARMY PUBLIC SCHOOL

NAME: Amar Singh Bhadouria

At last, I would like

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