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f )w dkufcdkufa&;ausmi
n f;(b
fm Mu
( k&i
a w fh

ae
fr
wy
bk&ifhaemifwyfNrdKU

mif)
pnf;urf;&Sd&Sd aysmfaysmf&Tif&Tifae
opöm&Sd&Sd &JU&JU0Hh0Hhvkyf

ausmif;tkyfBuD;
wdkufcdkufa&;ausmif;(bk&ifhaemif) opöm ol& orm"d ynm

Military Golssaries
ppfoHk;a0g[m&rsm;

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 uefYowf

rmwdum

pmrsufESm
pOf taMumif;t&m
rS xd

ppfoHk;a0g[m&rsm; (Military golssaries)

1/ txGaxGppfoHk;a0g[m&rsm; (General Glossaries) 1 13
2/ cspD pf (Advance) 14 29
3/ wdu k pf pf (Offensive Operation) 29 39
4/ cHppf (Defence) 40 55
5/ cGmppf (Retrograde) 55 64

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52
161/ umwyf (Covering force) ppfoHk;a0g[m&rsm;(Military Glossaries)
A force operating a pair from a main force for the purpose of intercepting, taxGaxGppfoHk;a0g[m&rsm;
engaging, delaying, disorganizing, and deceiving the enemy before he can at-
1/ ppfyG(J War)
tack the force covered. It must collect the enemy information.
The highest form of the struggle between nations Countries, Classes
umwyf
and political groups. It came into being after the private property and the
&efoEl iS x
hf ad wGUaeaomwyfrsm; aemufoq Ykd w
k o
f nft
h cg &efotYl aejzifh Mum;cHppfEiS hf class appeared. The war is the continuity of the politics can be divided into
cHppfae&mopfrsm;odYk vsijf refpmG awGUxdEikd jf cif;r&Sad pa&; aESmifah ES;atmifjyKvyk Nf y;D &efot
l m; just and unjust war according to the character.
trsm;qHk;xdcdkufusqHk;rI&Sdap&ef wm0efxrf;aqmif&aomwyfjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf &efolY
ppfyGJqdkonfrSm vlrsdK;pkwpfpkESifhwpfpkMum;? EdkifiHwpfckESpfwpfcktMum;? tqifh
owif;udkvnf; axmufvSrf;&onf/
twef;wpfckESifhwpfcktMum;? EdkifiHa&;t,l0g' rwlnDolwpfzGJUESifhwpfzGJUtMum;
oabmxm;uG J v G J j cif ; \ aemuf q H k ; ½k e f ; usef w d k u f c d k u f j cif ; yif j zpf o nf / ¤if ; uJ h o d k Y
wdu k cf ukd jf cif;rSm ud,
k yf ikd pf rG ;f aqmifEikd rf EI iS t
hf wl t&nftaoG;rsm; ay:xGuf vmaponf/
EdkifiHa&;t,ltqrsm;ESifhywfoufí ppfyGJrsm; qufvufjzpfyGm; aeOD;rnfomjzpfNyD;
ppf y G J \ toG i f v u© P may:rl w nf í w&m;aomppf E S i f h rw &m;aomppf [ l í
cGJjcm;xm;ygonf/
2/ acwfopfppfyGJ (Modern Warfare)
The warfare in which more modern advanced weapons, other technol-
ogy and equipment are used. It demands the action of close co-ordination of all
arms and services, scientific organization, command, full and reliable logistics
support.

acwfrDvufeufu&d,mrsm;ESifh enf;ynmrsm;tm; toHk;jyKwdkufcdkufjcif;yif

jzpfonf/ acwfopfppfyGJrsm;wGif ajcvsifwyfrsm;? tulvuf½Hk;wyfrsm;? acwfrD
enf;ynmtzGJUtpnf;rsm;? uGyfuJrItzGJUrsm;? aumif;rGefaom axmufyHha&; wyfrsm;
twlwuGy;l aygif;yg0ifayonf/
3/ oHk;buftoGifo@mefppfyGJ (Three dimensional warfare)
The war that is conducted simultaneously or alternately on the ground
(Water Sarface) Under the ground (Water), in the air, and in the front and in the
rear. Such warfare was started after the employment of planes in wars. With the
development of technical weapons, such as employment of nuclear-powered
submarines guided missile, aviation weapons, etc, the wide use of the enhance-
ment of the ability of the troops to meneuver in helicopters, the enhancement of

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the ability of the troops to manoeuver in the air, the scope of three-dimensional tcsed &f &S&d eftwGuf &efot
l rsm;qH;k usq;kH Edik &f ef tcsed q
f w
JG u
kd Ef ikd &f ef a&G;cs,x
f m;aomae&m
warfare will be enlarged continuously. jzpfonf/
oHk;buftoGifo@mefppfyGJqdkonfrSm ajrjyif (a&jyiftygt0if)? ajratmuf 158/ AHk;rsOf; (Bomb line)
(a&rsuEf mS jyifatmuftygt0if)? a0[ifwrYkd S (ajrjyif? a&jyif? a0[ifwrYkd )S vnf;aumif;?
An imaginary line arranged, if possible, to follow well defined geographical
a&SUydik ;f odrYk [kwf aemufyikd ;f wdrYk v
S nf;aumif; acwfrv D ufeuf u&d,mrsm;toH;k jyKí wpfcsed f
features, the enemy side of which the air force is free to attack without danger to
wnf;wpfNydKifwnf; (odkYr[kwf) wpfvSnfhpD wdkuf cdkufjcif;yifjzpfonf/ tcsdKUppfyGJrsm;wGif
or reference to own ground forces. It is laid down by the highest headquarters
avaMumif;tiftm;udk t"duwdu k cf u
kd f toH;k jyKaeNyjD zpfonf/ acwfrv
D ufeufu&d,mrsm;
for the conduct of operations in a particular sector of the theatre. It is not a static
wdk;wufajymif;vJvmjcif;? Oyrmtm;jzifh EsLuvD;,m;pGr;f tmif toH;k jyKwu kd cf u
kd Ef ikd af om
line, and changes with the movement of own forces.
a&ikwo f abFmrsm;? yJx
h ed ;f 'H;k rsm;? avaMumif;vufeufrsm; tp&So d nfwYkd toH;k jyKwu kd cf u
kd f
Edkifjcif;? &[wf,mOfrsm;tm; wGifus,fpGmtoHk;jyKjcif;? a0[ifwGifppfupm;EdkifrI pGrf;&nf AH k ; rsOf ;
BuD;rsm;wdk;yGm;vmjcif;wdkYaMumifh oHk;buftoGifo@mef ppfyGJrsm;onf qufvufwdk;wuf
ajymif;vJaeOD;rnfjzpfayonf/ owfrw S xf m;aomtcsed w f iG f rdrw d yfrsm;jzwfausmNf y;D jzpf&ef owfrw S xf m;aomae&m
jzpfonf/ rdr\
d avaMumif;wdu k cf ukd rf EI iS hf tajrmufypfcwfrw I jYkd zifh aemufrv S ukd yf grnf&h efol
4/ ajymufusm;ppf (Guerrilla warfare) tm; vGwv f yfpmG ypfcwfEikd &f eftwGuf rdrw d yfrsm;tm; cGijhf yKonft h csed w
f iG f jzwfausm&f ef
The war conducted with guerrilla warfare as the main pattern of the fight.
owfrSwfay;xm;aom rsOf;aMumif;jzpfonf/
It is a good pattern of armed struggle for the people's revolutionary forces to 159/ tydkif;rsOf; (Phase line)
defeat enemy and try to expand themselves when they are weak.
Units should always report crossing phase lines, but do not half unless
ajymufusm;ppfqdkonfrSm vl? vufeuftiftm;udk t"durxm;bJ &SdorQaom specifically directed. Phase lines are often used to prescribe the timing of delay
tiftm;jzifh vufeufqu JG ikd Nf y;D tjrwfxw
k w
f u
kd cf u
kd jf cif;udk t"duxm;aom ppfyjJG zpfonf/ poerations.
jynfov Yl wG af jrmufa&;wyfzUJG i,frsm; jynfopYl pfwyfzUJG rsm;zGUJ pnf;í &efot
l m; tjrwfxw k f
acsrIef;wdkufcdkufjcif;yifjzpfonf/ ajymufusm; wyfom;rsm;onf &efoltm;enf;csuftm; tydkif;rsOf;
&SmazGí e,fajrcsJUxGifwdkufcdkufMuayonf/ cGmppf\wd;k wufru
I kd od&&dS ef (odrYk [kw)f txufoo
Ykd wif;ydEYk ikd &f ef owfrw
S x
f m;aom
5/ r[mAsL[m (Strategy) tydkif;tjcm; pum;0Sufrsm;jzifh owfrSwfavh&Sdonf/

The method guiding the war as a whole, namely the military strategy.
160/ cHppfae&mopf (Alternative position)
A reconnoitred and prepared position to which a unit, or guns motors
ppfyrJG sm;tm;xde;f csKyw
f u
kd cf u
kd jf cif; oabmw&m;yifvQif ppfr[mAsL[m[k ac:wGif
may move to carry out the same tasks as the main position.
Edik af yonf/
6/ wdkufyGJpOf (Campaign) cHppfae&mopf

The sum total of a series of battles foughts by troops under the respec-
pepfwuszGJUpnf;í &efoltm;tqHk;tjzwfay;aom wdkufyGJqifETJEdkif&eftwGuf
tive-unified command of the opposing sides within a certain period at time in
vuf&SdcHppfae&m\aemufydkif;wGif a&G;cs,fí wyfpGJxm;aom ae&mjzpfonf/
accordance with their operational intentions to achieve partial or the whole aim
of a war.

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50 3
xm;avh&odS nf/ &efo\l vufeufBu;D ^tajrmufrsm;\ xda&mufrt
I uGmta0;ay:rlwnfNy;D ppfyBJG u;D rsm;\ &nf&,
G cf sut
f &aomfvnf;aumif; ppfqifa&;Bu;D rsm;\ &nf&, G cf suf
owfrw
S af vh&odS nf/ atmifjrifa&;\ wpfpw d w
f pfa'oaMumifyh ifjzpfap owfrw S x
f m;aom tcsed u f mvwpfck
twGi;f oufqikd &f me,fajrtoD;oD;wGif wdu k yf iJG ,frsm;tm; pkpnf;uGyu
f w
J u
kd cf u
kd jf cif;yif
155/ cGmppfvrf;aMumif; (Route)
jzpfayonf/
The percribed course to be treveled form a specific point of origin to a
7/ wdu
k yf JG (Combat)
specific distination.
The directly and organized armed struggle which is conducted between
cGmppfvrf;aMumif;
the army groups, untis and elements of the enemy and our sides in short time and
ñTefMum;csuft& owfrSwfxm;aomae&mrS owfrSwfxm;aom &nfrSef;csufodkY small area. It is the basic means to achieve the purpose of campaign and war the
xGufcGm&ef pDpOfxm;aomvrf;aMumif;/ basic type includes offensive combat and defensive combat.

156/ ppfaq;&yf (Check point) vufeufuikd t f zGUJ tpnf;? wyftzGUJ tpnf; wpfcEk iS w hf pfct
k Mum; &efoEl iS rhf rd w d yfrsm;
tMum; ae&ma'owpfct k wGi;f tcsed w f t kd wGi;f wdu k cf ukd Mf ujcif;jzpfonf/ wduk yf rJG sm;onf
A selected point on the ground, at which individuals groups sub units or
(Campaign War) wdu k yf pJG Of(od)Yk ppfyrJG sm;\&nf&, G cf suaf tmifjrifatmif wdu k cf u kd &f jcif;
units, report to a responsible person during a move, with a view to providing the
jzpfonf/ wdu
k yf rJG sm;wGif wdu k pf pfwu kd yf EJG iS hf cHppfwu
kd yf [JG í l tajccHtm;jzifh cGjJ cm;owfrw S f
commander, with the necessary information regarding the progress of the move,
Edik o
f nf/
and to assit him to exercise control.
8/ ppfenf;AsL[m (Tactics)
Individuals etc, do not holt at this point unless ordered to do so or when
it is necessary for the purpose of regaining the required degree control. The methods of guiding battles.

ppf a q;&yf wdkufyGJi,frsm;wGif wdkufcdkufaomenf;AsL[mrsm;udk ac:qdkygonf/

cGmppfqifEaJT eonfh wyfzUJG rsm; cGmppfqifEaJT epOf txufwyfrLS ;xH cGmppfw;kd wufrI 9/ yl;aygif;ppfqifa&; (Joint operation)
od&&dS ef ppfaq;&rnfah jrjyifay:wGif owfrw S x f m;aomae&mjzpfonf/ (wpfenf;tm;jzif)h
An operation conducted by the troops of two or more arms and services
cGmppfqifonfhtcgwGif wyfzGJUESifh txuftqifhwyfrsm; owfrSwfay;xm;onfh qHk&yfodkY
under the unified plan and command for completing common mission. It can be
toGm;vrf;wGif jzwfoef;oGm;&onfah e&mjzpfonf/ wyfrsm;onf xdak e&mwGif &yfwef&Y ef
divided into joint campaign and joint combat.
rvd?k odaYk omfwyfrLS ;onf rdrw
d yftpdwt f ydik ;f tm;vH;k jzwfoef;oGm;Ny;D onft
h cg owif;ydYk
&rnf/ vlppfae&mwGif a&'D,dktquftoG,f&Sd&rnf/ wyfESpfck(odkYr[kwf) ESpfckxufydkaom vufeufudkifwyfrsm;? vuf½Hk;wyfrsm;pkpnf;
yg0ifNyD; &nfrSef;csufwpfckjynfhpHkpGm atmifjrifa&;twGuf twlwuG pDrHaqmif&Gufjcif;
157/ Mum;cHppfae&m (Intermediate)
jzpfonf/ ,if;wGif yl;aygif;ppfqifa&;wdkufyGJpOfESifh yl;aygif;ppfqifa&;wdkufyGJ[lí ESpfrsdK;
An area of ground, occupied temporarily in the withdrawal from a defen- cGjJ cm;Edik o
f nf/
sive position. sin rear.
10/ nwdkufyGJ (Night Combat)
Mum;cHppfae&m
The operation condected at night. In night combat, it is very difficult to
cHppfae&mopfESifh ta[mif;Mum;wGif &efoludk[efYppfqif&ef owfrSwfxm;onfh bring the technical weapons into full play and the obervation, command, com-
ae&mjzpfonf/ cHppfae&mopf jyifqifrNyD;ao;rD &efolYwdkufcdkufjcif;rS umuG,f&efESifh munication and coordination are also difficult but favorable for closing to the

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enemy secretly and defeating enemy's opponent by a surprise move and wiping (e) Security and speed.
out the enemy in close combat. The army being good at night combat can ofter (f) Retain centralized control and decentralized execution.
defeat the enemy with the superiority in equipments.
cGmppfqif&mwGif tajccHpOf;pm;&rnfhtcsufrsm; sm;/ cGmppfqif&mwGif tajccHtm;jzifh
ntcsdefwdkufcdkufppfqifjcif;jzpfonf/ nwdkufyGJwGif enf;ynmvufeufrsm;tm; t"dupOf;pm;&rnhftcsufrsm;rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf -
xda&mufpmG toH;k jyK wdu k cf ukd &f efc,
J Of;onf/ uif;axmuf&ef? uGyu f &J ef? qufo, G &f efEiS hf (u) &efoltm; xdcdkufusqHk;rItrsm;qHk;jzpfapjcif;/
yl;aygif;n§Ed iId ;f &efvnf; vGepf mG cufco J nf/ odaYk omf &efox l o
H Ykd vQKd U0Supf mG csO;f uyf&ef tcGihf (c) ajrtaetxm;t& ta&;omrItm;vHk;udk tjrwfxkwfjcif;/
omonf/ &efot Yl pdwt
f ydik ;f rsm;tm; tvpftidu k ,
f l csO;f uyfumteD;uyfwu kd cf u
kd &f iS ;f vif; (*) wyfrsm;\ vIyf&Sm;vG,fulrI&Sdjcif;/
&eftcGifhomonf/ &efolxHcsOf;uyfNyD; vufeufud&d,mrsm;tm; wpfae&mwGif pkpnf;í (C) vGwfvyfpGmaqmif&GufEdkifrIudk xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;/
tiftm;tompD;jzifh wdkufcdkufEdkifonf/ (i) vHkNcHKrIESifh vsifjrefrI&Sdjcif;/
(p) A[dkrSpk½Hk;BuD;Muyfxm;aomfvnf; vufawGUaqmif&Guf&mwGif vufatmuf
11/ teD;uyfwdkufyGJ (Close combat)
tqifhrsm;odkY tmPmjzefYa0ay;xm;jcif;/
The combat fought between both the enemy's and our sides in short
153/ qHk&yf (Rendezvous)
range. The fire in short range, point-black fire, hand grenade and infightiong are
used to annihilate the cnemy. It is the key to win the victory. It is the brave and The rendezvous is behind check point. It is located fairly close to the
indomilable expression and a good tradition of our army to dare fight a close embussing area. Here the commander gains control of his command. It should be
combat. within resonable marching distance but out of range of small arms force. It
should also be protected.
&efoEl iS rhf rd Ed pS bf ufpvH;k ae&ma'owpfct k wGi;f wdu k cf u kd jf cif;yifjzpfonf/ wmeD;ypf
cwfjcif;? teD;uyfñeT Mf um;wdu k cf u
kd jf cif;? vufypfA;kH rsm;? teD;uyfavmifcsmrsm; toH;k jyKí qHk&yf
&efot l m;acsreI ;f ypfjcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf teD;uyfwu kd yf aJG tmifjrifa&;\ aomhcsuyf if
wyfzGJUtwGif; ppfaq;rIrsm;jyKvkyfNyD;aemuf awGUqHk&efowfrSwfxm;aomae&m
jzpfonf/ teD;uyfwu kd yf o
JG nf uREykf w f w
Ykd yfrawmf\ aumif;aomtpOftvmt& tEdik rf cH
jzpfonf/ wdkufyGJrSqkwfcGmvmcsdef rdrdwdkYwyftpdwftydkif;tvdkuf wdkufcdkufa&;tiftm;pk
t½IH;ray; &efoltm;wdkufcdkufacsrIef;jcif;jzpfonf/
wpfct k aejzifh pk½;kH í jyefvnfzUJG pnf;onfah e&mjzpfonf/ ppfaq;&yf\aemufwiG f xm;&Sd
12/ tiftm;xyfrHjznfhwif;jcif;? ppfulay;jcif; (Reinforcement) &rnfqh &kH yftm; ,mOfwuf&yfEiS ehf ;D uyfaom oihaf wmfrnfah e&mwGix
f m;onf/ wyfrLS ;onf
¤if;\acgif;aqmifru I kd jyefvnf&,laom ae&mjzpfonf/ &efov l ufeufi,frsm; ypfcwfrI
To reinforce the troops carrying out one mission with strength. The way
uif;a0;NyD; csDwuf&efoifhawmfaom ae&mjzpf&rnf/ ¤if;ae&mvHkNcHKrI&Sd&rnf/
of einforcement has support and attachment.
154/ ,mOfwuf&yf (Embussing area)
wyfrsm;tm; &nfreS ;f csuw f pfcu
k kd wm0ef,al qmif&u
G Ef ikd &f ef tiftm;xyfrjH znfw
h if;
ay;jcif; (wpfenf;) cdik rf mapjcif;jzpfonf/ tiftm;jznfw h if;jcif;? ppfual y;jcif;onf wyfrsm; The embussing area should have good cover and traffic circuits. If pos-
xyfrHaxmufyHhjznfhay;jcif;ESifh wGJbufay;jcif;jzpfonf/ sible, it should be close to the battalion, rendezvous and should be protected.
Here the vehicles are placed in sub-unit lots and if the withdrawal is by day they
13/ axmufyHhjcif; (Support)
will be well dispersed.
In battle, the fire power and strength used to support the units its com-
,mOfwuf&yf
mand or adjacent troops.
,mOfay:wuf&efowfrSwfxm;aom ae&mjzpfonf/ ,mOfwuf&yfonf &efol\
zdtm;ay;rIr&Sdygu AHk;rsOf;ra&mufrDxm;&SdEdkifNyD; &efol\zdtm;&Sdygu AHk;rsOf;tvGefwGif
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48 5
150/ aemufydkif;odkYqkwfcGmjcif; (Retirement) wdkufyGJwGif ¤if;\uGyfuJrIatmufwyfrsm; (odkYr[kwf) wGJbufyg0ifaomwyfrsm;rS
ypftm;ESifh tiftm;wdkYtm; toHk;jyKaxmufyhHay;jcif;yifjzpfonf/
An operation which force is not in contact with the enemy conducts an
adminstnative movement to rear. 14/ wGJbufjcif; (Attachment)
aemufydkif;odkYqkwfcGmjcif; Some strenght attached by superiority or in organization are temporarily
moved by army commander to a commander of one unit under its command to
ppfqifa&;wGif &efoEl iS xhf ad wGUrIr&Sad om wyfzUJG rsm;taejzifh aemufyikd ;f odYk tkycf sKyf
command and use.
rIqikd &f ma&TUajymif;jcif;yifjzpfonf/
wyftiftm;tcsdKUu tiftm;BuD;jrifhap&ef wGJzufapjcif;yifjzpfonf odkYr[kwf
151/ [efYppfqifrnfhwyfrsm; aqmif&GufEdkifaomtcsufrsm; (Factors can be car-
wyftzGUJ tpnf;wpfct
k m; wyfrLS ;wpfO;D \ uGyu
f rJ aI tmufrS tjcm;uGyu
f rJ aI tmufoYkd txuf
ried out by dalaying forces)
wyfzGJUrSL;\ tpDtpOfjzifh,m,Da&TUajymif;í toHk;jyKjcif;yifjzpfonf/
(u) &efowl yfzUJG rsm;udk aESmif,
h u
S jf cif;? pdwyf ifyef;EGr;f e,fapjcif;? tm;enf;apjcif;ESihf
15/ a'o (Region)
[efYwm;jcif; (Harass, exhaust, weaken and delay enemy forces)
The area on the land with certain width and depth. Normally it is marked
(c) &efoltm;enf;csufudk azmfjyjcif; (odkY) &SmazGawGU&Sdjcif; (Expose or dis-
by three of more paints. For example: xx, xx, xx areas, namely the area among xx, xx,
cover enemy weakness)
xx areas.
(*) rvdkvm;tyfaom wdkufcdkufrIrsm;udk a&SmifMunfjcif; (Avoid undersirable
e,fajrwpfct
k wGi;f &Sd tus,Ef iS x
hf w
k u
Ykd kd owfrw
S x
f m;aom ae&mwpfcjk zpfonf/
combat)
¤if;tm; (xx) oauFw (3)ckESifh txufowfrSwfay;onf/
(C) aemufcsefwyfzGJUrsm;twGuf tcsdef&&Sdap&ef (Gain time for the remainder
Oyrm- xx, xx, xx e,fajr
of the force)
16/ e,fajrtus,ft0ef; (Sector of the Area)
(i) tjcm;aomwyfzUJG rsm;\ a&TUajymif;rIrsm;udk tqifajyapjcif; (od)Yk qufo,
G rf I
vrf;aMumif;wdak pjcif; (Conform to movements of other friendly troops A sector in one area. The scope is normally marked by two points. For
or shorten lines of communication) example: Regiment defensive sector.

(p) ab;eHwyfrsm;\ qkwcf mG rI(od)Yk wyfjzefrY ?I a&TUajymif;rI? aemufyikd ;f odYk qkwcf mG rI e,fajrtus,ft0ef;wpfckjzpfonfh txuf (2)ckjzifhazmfjyonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh
rsm;udk tumtuG,af y;jcif; (Cover the deployment, movement, retire- wyf&if;BuD;e,fajr/ oauFwjzifhazmfjyonf/
ment of retreat of friendly units)
17/ ab;eHwyf (Flank)
152/ cGmppfqif&mwGif tajccHpOf;pm;&rnfhtcsufrsm; (Basic considerations)
The left and right flanks of the operational disposition, march formation,
The basic considerations in executing a withdrawal will be as follows: - combat formation or position of the troops.
(a) Cause maximun damage to the enemy.
ppfqifa&;wyfrsm; csw D ufvmaomwyfrsm; wdu
k yf 0JG ifwyfrsm;\ b,fnmwyfrsm;
(b) Exploit advantages of terrain.
jzefcY aJG e&m,lwu kd cf u
kd jf cif;jzpfonf/
(c) Mobility of the force.
(d) Maintain freedom of action.

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6 47
18/ wyftcif;tusif; ( Disposition) 147/ tcsdef&&Sdygu [efYppfqifonfhwyfrsm; vkyaqmifoifhaomtcsufrsm; (Fac-
tors ahould be undertaken by delaying force, if they normally gain time)
In battle, the strength and weapons are disposed at the proper position
according to the mission, enemy situation and terrain condition. (u) cHppfjyefvnfwnfaqmuf&ef (To reestablish the defense)/
wdkfufyGJwGif rdrd\&nfrSef;csufwm0eft&aomfvnf;aumif; &efoltajctaet& (c) cHppfqifrnfh (odkY)qkwfcGmrnfhwyfzGJUudk tumtuG,fay;&ef (To cover a
aomfvnf;aumif; ajrrsufESmjyiftaetxm;t&aomfvnf;aumif; rdrdwyftiftm;ESifh defending or withdrawing unit)/
vufeufrsm; tpDtpOfwus jzefYcGJae&mcsxm;jcif;yifjzpfonf/
(*) tjcm;aomwyfzGJUrsm;\ ab;eHudkumuG,f&ef (To protect friendly units
19/ umypf (Fire Cover) flank)/

An operational action taken to annihilate, neutralize and contain the en- (C) tiftm;NcdK;NcHacRwm&ef (To participate in an economy of force effort)/
emy and directly support the troops or men through firepower.
148/ [efYppfqifonfhwyfrsm; vkyfaqmif&rnfhtcsufrsm; (Factor must be car-
&efoltm; ppfqif&mwGif acsrIef;wdkufcdkufjcif; pGrf;tifESdrfypfcwfwdkufcdkufjcif;ESifh ried out by delaying force)
wdkufcdkufypfulay;jcif; tp&SdonfwdkY vIyf&Sm;wdkufcdkufjcif;yifjzpfonf/
(u) rdrpd pfupm;rItjyifbufoYkd a&SmifusO&f efBuKd ;pm;aeaom &efoEl iS x
hf ad wGUrIukd
20/ pGrf;tm;ESdrfwdkufcdkufjcif; (Fire neutralization) xdef;xm;&ef (Maintain contact with the enemy to avoid being out
manoeuvred)/
The effective strength of the fire target and its technical weapons are
partly damaged by the fire so that can not fight back transiently and their action (c) &efoltm; tqifhqifh[efYwm;wdkufcdkuf&ef (Cause the enemy to plan and
is confined. to conduct successive attacks)/

&efolrS rdrdtm;xda&mufpGm aESmifh,SufEdkifonfh vufeufESifht"duae&mrsm;tm; (*) &efov

l w
G vf yfpmG ppfupm;rIukd xde;f odr;f &ef (Preserve its freedom to ma-
aESmifh,Sufwdkufcdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh &efolrSrdrdtm; wefjyefxda&mufpGm neuver)/
wdu
k cf u
kd jf cif;rjyKEikd &f efEiS hf &efov
Yl ufeufrsm;tm; uefo
Y wfxrd ;f csKy&f ef pGr;f tm;ESrd yf pfcwf
(C) ppfqifa&;pkpnf;rIudk xdef;odrf;&ef (Maintain operational coherence)/
jcif;yifjzpfoonf/
(i) wyfzGJUrsm;udk xdef;odrf;jcif; (Preserve the force)/
21/ t"duusaomaomhcsufae&m^ tcsuftjcmae&mrsm; (Key position)
149/ wdkufyGJrSqkwfcGmjcif; (Withdrawal)
The traget or position concerning safety of the overall situation of the
operation. For example in defensive disposition, the main points, commands When the commander finds it necessary to reposition all or parts of his
posts and artillery positions affecting the overall situation are key positions. force for a new mission he conducts a withdrawal.

ppfqifa&;wpfckvHk;\ tajctaetm; vHkNcHKrIay;Edkifaom t"duusonfh ypfrSwf wdkufyGJrSqkwfcGmjcif;

(odrYk [kw)f ajctaetxm;jzpfonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh cHppfajrtaetxm;wGif t"duusonfh
rdrw
d yfzUJG wpfpw
d w
f pfa'oudjk zpfap? tm;vH;k udjk zpfap &efoal csreI ;f jcif;rcH&ap&ef
ae&m? uGyu f rJ aI e&mESihf tajrmufjzefcY x
JG m;&Sad omae&mwdo
Yk nf ppfqifa&;\ ta&;Bu;D aom
twGuf vdktyfaomtcsdefwGif txufwyfrSL;\ tpDtpOfjzifh tusdK;r&Sdonfhae&mrS
ae&mrsm;yifjzpfonf/
qkwcf mG jcif;jzpfonf/

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46 7
owfrw S xf m;aomtcsed t
f wdik ;f twmwpfctk wGi;f &efox
l ;kd azmuf0ifa&mufru
I kd cGirhf jyK 22/ acsrIef;ypfjcif; (Annihilation)
jcif;jzpfonf/
The enemy effective strength is annihilatled. Wounded and captured, so,
144/ [efYppfqifjcif; trsdK;tpm;rsm; (Type of delay) the enemy is disarmed and deprived of the ability to resist.

(u) ae&mtqifhqifhrS [efYppfqifjcif; &efo\ l t"duusaom tiftm;pkrsm;tm; acsreI ;f ypfjcif;? xdcu

kd 'f Pf&m&apjcif;ESihf
wdkufcdkufzrf;qD;&&Sdjcif;wdkYaMumifh &efoltaejzifh vufeufrsm;xda&mufpGm toHk;jyKEdkifrI
(1) wyfzGJUwpfzGJUwnf;jzifh [efYppfqifjcif; (Delay from successive posi- r&Sdjcif;? ckcHwdkufckdufrItm;,kwfavsmhapjcif;yifjzpfonf/
tion)/
23/ wdkufcdkufjcif; (Attack)
(2) wyfzGJUESpfckjzifh wpfvSnfhpDajymif;vJ[efYppfqifjcif; (Delay from alter
native position)/ The operations fought by the troops on their own initiative to attack the
enemy. It's one of the basic operational pattern and the primary means to annihilate
(c) ae&mwpfckwnf;rS[efYppfqifjcif; (Delay from single set of position)/ the enemy.
145/ wyfzGJUwpfzGJUwnf;jzifh [efYppfqifjcif; (Delay from successive position) rdrdwyfrsm;tajctae zefwD;EdkifcGifh&&ef &efoltm;acsrIef;wdkufcdkufjcif;jzpfonf/
The conduct of a delaying oreration by finding rearward from one pos- ppfqifa&;tajccHtusq;kH wdu
k cf u
kd rf o
I @mefjzpfNy;D t"dutcsurf mS &efot
l m;acsreI ;f ypfjcif;
sible or for specified time. yifjzpfonf/
wyfzGJUwpfzGJUwnf;jzifh[efYppfqifjcif; 24/ csHKcdkwdkufyGJ (Ambush combat)
wpfae&mrSwpfae&modkY qkwfcGm&mwGif [efYppfftqifhqifhvkyfaqmifrIjzpfonf/ The combat to annihilate the moving enemy in the way of ambush.
[efpY pfae&mwpfcck si;f pDukd twwfEikd q
f ;kH tcsed q
f x
JG m;&ef (odrYk [kw)f owfrw
S x
f m;aom vIyf&Sm;csDwufvmaom &efoltm; csHKcdkíwdkufcdkufacsrIef;ypfjcif;yifjzpfonf/
tcsdefumv twdkif;twmwpfcktxd xdef;odrf;[efYppfqifjcif;jzpfonf/
25/ awGUqHkwdkufyGJ (Meeting engagement)
146/ wyfzGJUESpfckjzifh wpfqifhpDajymif;vJ[efYppfqifjcif; (Alternative position)
The battle that is fought when two opposing troops came across during
The conduct of delaying operation by a force, one element behind the
their marches. It's classified as expected meeting engagement and unexpected
other and after holding forward as long as possible or for a specific time, passing
meeting engagement. It can take place on the march or in the procedure of
the forward element to another position.
offensive or defensive combats. Both sides strive to be the first to fire, deploy,
wyfzGJUESpfckjzifh wpfqifhpDajymif;vJ[efYppfqifjcif; rushoccupy favourable terrain, launch the assault and forstall the opposite side.

wyfzUJG tiftm;pkwpfpok nf aemufwyfzu JG \aemufwiG f tqifq

h ifch x
H m;Ny;D a&SUwef; qefu
Y sib f ufEpS cf ck sw
D ufvmpOf awGUqHw k u
kd jf cif;yifjzpfonf/ ,if;odYk xdawGUwdu k cf u kd f
ae&mtm; twwfEikd qf ;kH tcsed q
f cJG ck &H ef (odrYk [kw)f owfrw
S x
f m;aom tcsed u f mv twdik ;f &mwGif arQmv f ifx h m;aom awGUqHw k u kd yf EJG iS rhf arQmv f ifbh J awGUqHw
k ukd cf u
kd jf cif;[lí ESprf sKd ;cGJ
twmwpfct k xd [efpY pfqifuma&SUwef;tiftm;pkonf aemufwpfae&modYk a&TUajymif;í jcm;Edkifonf/ ,if;odkYwdkufcdkuf&mrS qufvufcsDwufjcif; (odkYr[kwf) wdkufppf (odkYr[kwf)
tqifhqifh[efYppfqifjcif;jzpfonf/ wyfzGJU (2)ck tqifhqifhae&mvGJajymif;,lí [efYppf cHppftoGio f Ykd ajymif;vJusio hf ;kH wdu
k cf u kd &f ayrnf/ ESpb f ufpvH;k ypfcwfjcif;? wyfjzefjY cif;?
qifonfh enf;pepfrsdK;jzpfonf/ tcGio hf maomajrtm; tjreford ;f ydu k jf cif;? acsreI ;f a&;wyfrsm;apvTwí f acsreI ;f wdu
k cf ukd f
jcif;ESifh vufOD;rI&,lí acsrIef;wdkufcdkufjcif;yifjzpfonf/

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8 45
26/ tiftm;oHk;wdkufckdufjcif; (Attack by force) cGmppft"dyÜg,f
After making deliberate organization and preparation, the trrops and fire cGmppfqdkonfrSm txufwyfrSL;\ trdefYt&aomfvnf;aumif;? &efol\zdESdyf
are concentrated to attack the enemy in defense by force. wdu
k cf u
kd rf u
I kd ckcjH cif;jzifh tusKd ;,kwEf ikd zf ,G &f o
dS jzifv
h nf;aumif;? &efoEl iS ahf 0;&m (odrYk [kw)f
aemufyikd ;f odYk pepfwuszUJG pnf;a&TUajymif;jcif;yifjzpfonf/ cGmppfqif&mwGif pepfwuszUJG pnf;
wyfrsm;tm; BuKd wifzUJG pnf;jyifqifNy;D tiftm;ESiyhf pftm;udk pkpnf;í &efocYl pH pftm; jyifqifjcif;? xd;k ppftjyKtrl&jdS cif;? &efow l yfEiS v hf ufeufypön;f u&d,mrsm;tm; xdcu kd yf supf ;D
tiftm;oH;k wdu
k cf u
kd jf cif;jzpfonf/ apjcif;wdkY yg0ifayonf/
27/ pD;eif;wdkufcdkufjcif; (Raid) 141/ cGmppfqifjcif;\&nf&G,fcsuf (Purpose of retrograde)
To made a surprise attack on the enemy unprepared. Usually it refers to
(u) xdawGUaeaom&efolESifh tqufjzwf&ef (To disengage from combat)/
raid on the stationed enemy. It's the main method adopted in gureeilla warfare.
It's also called coup de main or normal raid on different occasions. (c) &efoltm;ta&;edrfhaprnfh ae&modkYusHK;oGif;ac:aqmif&ef (To draw the
enemy into an unfavourable sittuation)/
jyifqifrrI &Sad om&efot l m; tidu k zf rf;wdu k cf u kd jf cif;jzpfonf/ txl;ojzifh e,fajr&Sd
&efolpcef;tm; wdkufcdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ ajymufusm;ppfqifjcif;enf;udk toHk;jyKí pD;eif; (*) tqH;k tjzwfay;rnfh wdu
k pf pfrqifrD tcsed yf rkd &kd &Sad p&ef (To gain time without
wduk cf u kd jf cif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;wGicf suaf umif;tm; xd;k ESuw f ukd cf u
kd jf cif; (odrYk [kw)f vufpwH;k fighting a decisive engagment)/
wdu
k cf ukd jf cif;ESiohf mrefp;D eif;wdu
k cf u
kd jf cif;[lí wdu k cf u
kd rf t I aMumif;t&if;ay:rlwnfujJGym;onf/
(C) tjcm;wyfrsm;ESihf wyfjzefyY w
kH pfnw
D nf;jzpfap&ef (To place forces involved
28/ pD;eif;wdkufyGJ (Rapid Attack) in a more favourable position in relation to friendly troops)/

A. A hasty attack conducted in unexpected meeting engagement. (i) rdrdtiftm;tcsdKUudk tjcm;wpfae&mwGif toHk;jyKcGifh&&Sdap&ef (To permit
the use of aportion of the force elsewhere)/
B. A burst of violent attack against the enemy.
142/ cGmppftrsdK;tpm;rsm; (Type of retrograde operation)
(u) &efoEl iS t
hf rSwrf xifawGUqHw
k u
kd cf u
kd &f mrS ½kwcf sn;f pD;eif;wdu
k cf u
kd af csreI ;f jcif; (u) [efpY pfqifjcif; (Delay action)/
jzpfonf/ (c) wduk yf rJG S qkwcf mG jcif; (Withdrawal)/
(c) &efot
l m;jyifxefpmG pD;eif;acsreI ;f wdu
k cf u
kd jf cif;yifjzpfonf/ (*) aemufyikd ;f odq Yk w
k cf mG jcif; (Retirement)/
29/ ueOD;&nfrSef;csuf (Initial Mission) 143/ [efYppfqifjcif; (Delay action)
Also called the first-step task of the attacking troops. It's usually ex- An operation which space is traded for time and maximum punishment is
ecuted by the first echelon. inflicted on the enemy without accepting decisive engagement, penetration or
being by passed. Delaying operation are normally conducted to deny the enemy
OD;pGmaqmif&u
G &f onfw h m0efjzpfonf/ &efot
l m; wdu
k cf u
kd af &;wyf\ a&SUOD;wm0ef access to a specified area for a soecified time.
jzpfonf/ ¤if;tm; a&SUOD;ppfaMumif;rS vkyfaqmif&onf/
[efYppfqifjcif;
30/ qufvdkuf&nfrSef;csuf (Follow-up mission)
ajrae&mESifhtcsdeftm; vJvS,fjcif;jzpfNyD; tqHk;tjzwfay;aomwdkufyGJ &efol
Also called the second-set task. The second-set task of the attacking
xdk;azmufppfqifjcif; (odkYr[kwf) tvG,fwula&SmifuGif;roGm;vmapEdkifbJ &efoltm;
units. It is usually carried out by second echeion. In carrying out follow-up
xdcukd u
f sq;kH 'Pf&m&&Srd I rsm;jym;ap&efjzpfonf/ [efpY pfqifjcif;onf yHrk eS t
f m;jzifh &efot
l m;
mission.
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44 9
aemufydkif;e,fajr 'kwd,tqifh vkyfief;wm0ef[kac:qdkEdkifonf/ wdkufcdkufa&;wyfzGJUrsm;rS 'kwd,
vkyfief;wm0efudk aqmif&Guf&onf/ 'kwd,ppfaMumif;rS aqmif&Gufavh&Sdonf/ ,if;odkY
a&SUwef;wyfrsm;\ aemufyikd ;f e,ferd w
d rf pS í txufXmerS owfrw S af y;xm;aom
qufvdkuf&nfrSef;csufudk aqmif&Guf&mwGif tcsdefudkufn§dEdIif;zGJUpnf;aqmif&Guf&onf/
wyfraemufydkif;e,fedrdwftxd us,fjyefYonf/ yifrXmecsKyfESifh vuf½kH;wyftcsdKU&dSonf/
31/ &nfrSef;csufxk (Depth of misson)
138/ wm0efe,fajr (Area of responsibility)
The depth of the area to be captured through accomplishment of the
A defined area of land in which responsiblity is specially assigned to a
initail mission and follow up mission.
commander for the development and maintenance of installations and control of
the movement and conduct of tactical operations invalving troops under his ueOD;&nfreS ;f csuEf iS hf qufvu kd &f nfreS ;f csuw
f u
Ykd kd odr;f ydu
k Nf y;D e,fajrtm; euf½iId ;f
control, along with parallel authority to exercise these functions. pGmwdu
k cf u
kd o
f rd ;f ydu
k jf cif;jzpfonf/
wm0efe,fajr 32/ umwyf (Covering Force)
wyfrBuD;(odkY) wyfawmfrSL;wdkYrS owfrSwfxm;aom e,fajrjzpfonf/ The troops undertaking the task of covering the other troops. The purpase
of sending out covering force is to guard against the enemy's raid from the
139/ vGrf;rdk;e,fajr (Area of influence)
ground and from the air so as to ensurd the security of troops and important
A geographical area where in a commander is directly capable of influenc- targets. For example- The troops undertaking the covering task in withdrawal
ing operations, by manoeuver of fire-support systems normally under his com- from a bottle or in retreat.
mand of control. Area of influence begins at the area of interest and ends at the
tjcm;wyfrsm;tm; &efolwdkufckdufjcif;rS umuG,f&efwm0ef,laqmif&Guf&aom
rare boundary that is defined by superior. It should be 150 kilometer (or) 90 miles
wyfjzpfonf/ umwyfonf &efoal 0[if? ajrjyifwrYkd S pD;eif;wdu k cf u
kd jf cif;r&Sad p&ef rdrw
d yfrsm;
in depth.
vHNk cKH a&;tm; wm0ef,al qmif&u
G af y;&onf/ wdu k yf rJG q
S w
k cf mG pOfwiG v f nf;aumif;? aemuf
vGrf;rdk;e,fajr ydkif;odkY qkwfcGm&mwGifvnf;aumif;? vHkNcHKa&;aqmif&Gufay;&rnf/
wyfrBuD; ppfqifrIe,fajr\ tpdwftydkif;wpfckjzpfNyD; yx0D0iftaetxm;t& 33/ ypfulay;tzGJU (Fire Group)
ydik ;f jcm;avh&o
dS nf/ a&SUumwyf? a&SU&Hwyfrsm;tygt0if uDvrkd w
D m 150 rdik f (90)txd&o
dS ifh
The combat group undertaking the task of fire support in an assault team
onf/ (72)em&DtwGif; tusdK;oufa&mufapEdkifrnfh &efolYwyfrsm;yg0ifap&rnf/
in an offensive positional operation. It has mainly the elements of machinegun,
cGmppf (Retrograde) recoilless gun mortar.

140/ cGmppft"dyÜg,f (Definition) wduk pf pfqif&mwGif acsreI ;f a&;wyfrsm;tm; ypfual y;wm0ef,&l onfh wdu
k cf u
kd af &;
wyfzGJU0ifyifjzpfonf/ ¤if;wGif vufeufrsm;? pdefajymif;? armfwmrsm;yg&Sdonf/
A retrogarade operation is a movement to rear or away from the enemy.
These operations may be forced by enemy action or may be made voluntarily. In 34/ t"duwdkufppf (Main Attack)
either event such and action must be approved by the higher commander. A well-
Also called main assault. It is attack conducted by the attacking troops
planned and organized retrograde, aggressively executed, provides opportuni-
with concentration of force in the main derection. The purpase is to penetrate the
ties for inflicting heavy damage to enemy troops and material.
enemy's defence quickly and brank up and annihilate the enemy.

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10 43
t"duacsreI ;f a&;[kvnf;ac:onf/ &nfreS ;f csut f m; t"duvrf;aMumif;rS tiftm; forces allocated to this echelon will consist of both corps and divisional assests,
pkpnf;wduk cf ukd af omwyfjzpfonf/ &nf&, G cf surf mS &efocl pH pftm; vQijf refpmG xd;k azmufwu
kd f and may include air and armour cavalry, armour, air defence, attack helicopters,
ckduf&ef csdK;azmufwdkufcdkuf&efESifh acsrIef;&efjzpfonf/ artillery, engineers and mechanised infentry elements backed up by tactical air
support. The covering force will fight a major battle to wear down the enemy, to
35/ t"dur[kwfaomwdkufppf (Secondary Attack)
strip way his reconnaissance force, to force him to deplay and conduct deliber-
Also called supplementary assault. It is attack conducted by part of the ate attacks.
attacking troops in the secondary direction. The purpose is to cooperate with
vHkNcHKa&;e,fajr
the main attacking troops in wiping out the enemy.
a&SUumwyfEiS hf &efox
l ad wGUrIrsO;f rS yifrwdu
k yf eJG ,fajr\ a&SUcHppfpnf;txdjzpfonf/
acsreI ;f a&;taxmuftuljyKwyfzUJG [kvnf; ac:qdEk ikd o f nf/ wdu k cf u
kd af &;wyfrsm;rS
&efolYwdkufppfudk BudKwifodEdkifatmif wdkufuif;? axmufuif;? umuif;ponfh vHkNcHKa&;
&efou
l kd a,mifjytjcm;ae&mrS wdu k cf u
kd jf cif;jzpfonf/ &nf&, G cf surf mS t"duwdu k cf u
kd af &;
wyfxm;&dSonf/ &efoludk[efYwm;jcif;? z½dkz&Jjzpfapjcif;? aESmifhaES;apjcif;jzifh yifrwyfudk
wyfrsm;ESihf yl;aygif;n§Ed iId ;f í &efotl m;acsreI ;f &Si;f vif;&efjzpfonf/
jyifqifcsed &f &do
S nf/
36/ acsrIef;jcif; (Assault)
The main battle area of the division begins at the division begins at the
The attacking infantry (motorized and mechanized infanty) and tank units forward adge of battle field area and extends to a considerable depth to the rear
fiercely charge with-out stop towards the close-range objective, wiping the en- boundries of the forward brigades. Due to the large fountages, a division may
emy out with point-blank fire, handgrenades, bayonet charge and tank move- occupy the main battle area with all the three brigades up. The divisional com-
ments. mander retains total control to permit repaid shiffing of forces between brigades
and the reserve to ensure a correct combat power ratio at the critical place and
wdu
k cf u
dk af &;ajcvsiwf yfrsm;(,mOfwifajcvsiw f yfrsm;tygt0if) wifw h yfzUJG rsm;onf
line. A pre-requisite for these tactics is mechanized infantry, capable of moving
&nfreS ;f csutf m; vsijf refpmG xd;k azmufwu kd cf u
kd jf cif;? &Si;f vif;wdu
k cf u
kd jf cif;? vufypfA;kH rsm;
with the tanks and fighting from armoured personnel carriers.
ypfcwfwdkufcdkufjcif;? vSHpGyfxdk;acsrIef;jcif;ESifh wifhrsm;tm;a&GUvsm;wdkufcdkufjcif;jzpfonf/
yifrwdkufyGJe,fajr
37/ azmufppf (Pentration)
a&SUcHppfpnf;rS aemufyikd ;f txd owfrw S x
f m;onf/ cHppftqHtk jzwf wku d yf rJG sm;udk
An operational ation taken by troops to open a breach in hostile defen-
a&SUcHppfpnf;ESihf yifrwduk yf eGJ ,fajrMum;wGif qifE&JG wwfonf/ yifrwdu
k yf eJG ,fajrtwGi;f
sive position or operational disposition. There are tactical penetration. Cam-
tEÅ&m,ftrsm;qH;k cHppftuefUudk tajrmuf? avaMumif;? tif*sief , D mwdjYk zifh OD;pm;ay;ae&m
paign penetration and straegic penetration.
csxm;&onf/ rdkif;uGif;twm;tqD;rsm;udk yifrwdkufyGJae&m\ a&SUücsxm;&onf/ ¤if;udk
38/ azmuf0ifjcif; (Breach) ypftm;jzifh xde;f csKyf umuG,&f onf/ &efoal zmuf0ifvmEkid yf gu wefjyefwu kd pf pfvyk &f rnf/
The openning made in hostile defensive position or operational disposi- 137/ aemufydkif;e,fajr (Rear or reserve area)
tion. It's width and depth should ensure a smooth commitment of the follow-up
The rear (or) reserve area begins of rear boundary of the main battle area
echelon to combat, especially the tank and motorized units.
and extend to a considerable depth to the rear boundary that is defined by
&efo\ l pepfwus cHppftaetxm;tm; yGix hf u
G o
f mG ;ap&ef wdu
k cf u
kd jf cif;jzpfonf/ surperior. A division will rarely be able to retain more than a two unit sized
&efolcHppf\ tus,fESifhxktm; pepfwuscsdK;azmuf0ifa&mufNyD; qufvdkuftzGJUrsm;jzifh reserve.
csw
d q
f ufwukd cf u
kd jf cif;jzpfonf/ txl;ojzifh wifEh iS ,
hf mOfwifwyfrsm;toH;k jyK cswd q f uf&onf/

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42 11
132/ jzwfausmf&yf Passage point 39/ tjrwfxkwfatmifajrcsJUjcif; (Exploitation of Success)
A place where units will pass through one another either in an advance or An operational ation taken by troops to win still greater victories on the
a withdrawal. It is located where the commander desires, subordinate units to basic of success already obtained.
physically execute a passage of lines.
rdrd\atmifjrifrItm; tjrwfxkwfatmifajrcsJUwdkufcdkufjcif;jzpfonf/
jzwfausmf&yf
40/ ab;yefwufwdkufcdkufjcif; (Outflanking)
wyfrsm;csDwuf&mwGif (odkY) qkwfcGm&mwGif wyfwpfwyfESifhwpfwyftjyeftvSef
The monoeuvre towards the enemy's rear, which is conducted under the
jzwfausmaf omae&m? vufatmufcw H yfrsm;twGuf jzwfausmv
f rf;udk wyfrLS ;rS ae&mowf
condition that the enemy has an exposed flank or a big gap in his defensive
rSwo
f nf/
disposition. The purpose is to cut off the enemy's retreat, stop his reinforce-
133/ jzwfausmfvrf; (Passage lane) ments and cooperate with the frontal attacking force and flanking surrounding
force in annihilatong the enemy. It is divided into tactical outflanking, campaign
Areas along which a passing unit moves to avoid stationary units and
outflanking and strategic outflanking.
obstacles.
&efol\aemufydkifodkY ppfupm;wdkufcdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ &efol\[maeaom ab;eH
jzwfausmfvrf;
(odrYk [kw)f cHppfrv S pS [
f maeaomae&mtm; yefwufwu kd cf u
kd jf cif;jzpfonf/ &nf&, G cf surf mS
cHppf,x
l m;aom wyf\twm;tqD;udk jzwfausm&f eftwGuf owfrw
S af y;xm;aom &efolqkwfcGmrItm; jzwfawmuf&ef? &efolYppfultm; [efYwm;&yfwefY&ef? a&SUrsufESmpm
vrf;jzpfonf/ wduk pf pfEiS hf yl;aygif;wduk cf u
kd af csreI ;f &ef 0dik ;f &Hxm;aomwyfrsm;ESihf &efot l m;acsreI ;f wdu
k cf u
kd f
&efjzpfonf/ ¤if;wGif ppfenf;AsL[mwdu k yf BJG u;D rsm;ESihf ppfr[mAsL[mt& ab;yef;wufwu kd f
134/ euf½dIif;e,fajr (Deep battle area)
cdkufjcif;[lí (3)rsdK;cGJjcm;xm;onf/
Deep battle area begins at the area of interest and ends at the covering
41/ a,mifjywdkufckdufjcif; (Feint Attack)
force area.
A dummy and false attack, which is taken to mislead the enemy and con-
euf½dIif;e,fajr
ceal one's real intention.
cHppf\a&SUumwyf? a&SU&Hwyfpaom vHNk cKH a&;wyfrsm;xm;&Sad omae&mrSpí axmufvrS ;f
a,mifjywdu
k cf u
kd jf cif;ESihf twkta,mifwu
kd cf u
kd jf cif;jzpfonf/ &efot
l m;rdrw
d u
kd pf pf\
e,fajrtpxd e,fajrudkac:onf/
&nf&G,fcsuftm; rod&Sdap&efESifh ½IwfaxG;oGm;ap&ef wdkufcdkufjcif;jzpfonf/
csDppf (Advance)
136/ Covering force area
42/ t"dyÜg,f (Definition)
The covering force area begins at the line of contact (forward line of own
Advance is a tactical movement marching with expecting that will contact
troops) (border) and ends at the forward edge of battlefield area. At corps level,
with enemy on the way or destination or after arriving at objective.

&efoEl iS x
hf ad wGU&ef vrf;c&D;üjzpfap? vrf;c&D;tqH;k üjzpfap? a&muf&jdS y;D rMumrDwiG f
jzpfap &efolESifh wdkufcdkuf&vdrfhrnf[laom ,lqcsufjzifh csDwuf&aom wdkufcdkufa&;a&TU
ajymif;rIyifjzpfonf/

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43/ &nf&G,fcsuf (Purpose) 128/ tcsuftjcmajr (Vital ground)
(a) To destroy the enemy.
Ground, the capture of which by the attacker, will render the defender
(b) To regain contact with enemy.
incapable of fighting a successful defensive battle in that defended zone or
(c) To create the opportunity for final assault.
sector, is termed vital ground.
(u) &efoEl iS x
hf ad wGUNy;D acsreI ;f &ef/
(c) tqufjywfoGm;aom &efoludk xdawGUrIjyefvnf&&Sdap&ef/ tcsuftjcmajr
(*) tqHk;jzwfay;rnfh acsrIef;a&;twGuf tajctaezefwD;Ekdif&ef/
cHppfae&m,l&mwGif tcsut
f jcmtusq;kH ESihf ta&;Bu;D qH;k jzpfí umuG,x
f ed ;f odr;f
44/ trsdK;tpm; (Categories) xm;onfhae&mrsdK;jzpfonf/
(a) The advance to contact.
129/ ppfAsL[mta&;BuD;ajr (Ground of tactical importance)
(b) The follow up of a planned strategic withdrawal.
(c) Pursuit. Ground, the loss of which will have a corresponding effect on the de-
(u) &efoEl iS xhf ad wGU&efcsw
D ufjcif;/ fence, below divisional level, as the loss of vital ground has at divisional (or )
(c) tpDtpOfjzifh qkwfcGmaom&efoludkvdkufjcif;/ higher level.
(*) ½IH;edrfhíz½dkz&JxGufajy;aom&efolaemufodkY xyfcsyfvdkufjcif;/
ppfAsL[mta&;BuD;ajr
45/ &efolESifhxdawGU&efcsDwufjcif; (The Advance to Contact)
ppfenf;AsL[mt& wdu
k yf aJG tmifjrifa&;twGuf taxmuftuljyKaomajr? tcsuf
The advance will general be opposed by an enemy unbeaten in battle and tjcmavmuf ta&;rBuD;aomfvnf; rdrdcHppftm; Ncdrf;ajcmufEdkifaomae&mjzpfonf/
operating on a well considered and coordinated plan a degree of initiative may
130/ wdkufyGJae&m (Battle position)
be possessed by both sides. Tactical emphasis will be on wide reconnaissance
with main forces kept concentrated for the have to be taken, particularly when A defensive location on the ground, selected on the basic of terrain and
contact is iminent. available weapons, from which units can defend of attack.

&efolESifhxdawGU&efcsDwufjcif; wdkufyGJae&m
(u) us,fjyefpGmuif;axmufjcif;/
(c) yifrwyfurkd oH;k bJ &efoEl iS &hf ifqikd Ef ikd &f ef toifjh yifqifxm;jcif;/ wyfrsm;cHppf,lEdkif&ef ajrtaetxm;ESifh &&Sdaomvufeufrsm;tay: tajccHí
(*) tajctaezefwD;EdkifcGifh vuf0,fxm;jcif;/ a&G;cs,fxm;aom cHppfae&mjzpfonf/

46/ tpDtpOfjzifh qkwcf mG aom&efou

l v
kd u
kd jf cif; (The follow up of planned stategic 131/ n§dEdIif;&yf (Coordinating point)
withdrawal) A designated point at which, in all types of combat, adjacent units or
formations must make contact for purpose of control and coordination.
Bold action and calculated risks, to maintain contact and there by exploit
the initiative which the attacker always holds. In following up a deliberate with- n§dEdIif;&yf
drawal, that need is tempered by the importance of reataining balance through
out the force at all times, so that enemy counter thrusts can be resisted without
cHppf,xl m;aom wyfEpS w f yf ypfcwfrEI iS hf ppfupm;rItwGuf tjyeftvSet f ultnD
disrupting or slow down the advance.
ay;Edik &f ef e,ferd w
d af y:wGif ESpb
f ufwyfrLS ;rsm; awGUqHNk y;D aygif;pyfnEd§ iId ;f owfrw
S xf m;aom
ae&mjzpfonf/

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40 13
cHppfypfta&;BuD; tpDtpOfjzifhqkwfcGmaom&efoludkvdkufjcif;
(u) vsijf refrEI iS &hf UJ 0Hph mG pGepYf m;aqmif&u
G jf cif;/
cHppfypfteD;xJrS ta&;Bu;D qH;k ypfrw S (f odrYk [kw)f tEÅ&m,ftjyKEikd qf ;kH ypfrw
S u
f kd cHppf (c) [efcsun f jD cif;/
ypfrw
S u
f kd cHppfypfta&;Bu;D tjzpf a&G;cs,o f nf/ wdu k ½f ukd t
f ulay;aom tajrmufwyfzUGJ (*) a&SUwef;wGif wyfrsm;vHkavmufpGmxm;&jcif;/
onf cHppfypfta&;Bu;D ypfrw
S af y:odYk csed w
f ,G x f m;Ny;D &S&d rnf/ cHppfypfta&;Bu;D ypfrw S of nf
oufqdkif&mvufeufrsm;\ab;uif;rItuGmta0;twGif; rjzpfap&/ 47/ ½IH;edrfhíxGufajy;aom &efolaemufodkYxyfcsyfvdkufjcif; (Pursuit)
126/ umwyf (Covering force) The pursuing force must act with greater boldress and take risks which
enemy would not ordinarily take. Initiative, dask and speed will be of paramount
A force generally composed of all arms working ahead of the defensive
importance. Preplanning will be necessary to ensure that the situation is fully
position to observe harass and delay the enemy's advance so that he is prevented
exploited and if nessary deep penetration must be made to disrupt the enemy.
from interfering with our defensive preparations. A company or more troops in
Some element of security may have to be sacrificed in the interest of speed and
reserve force are selected and composed by divisional commander or deputy
the necessity to remain in contact at all times.
divisional commander. It is placed with (8)miles and (15) miles ahead of the
defensive position. ½HI;edrfhíxGufajy;aom&efolaemufodkY xyfcsyfvdkufjcif;
(u) &JU0Hph mG aqmif&u
G jf cif;/
umwyf (c) ywfoufEdkifonfhtcGifhta&;udk vufrvTwfapjcif;/
yifrcHppfae&m a&SU&efou l kd [efpY pfqif&eftwGuf wm0efxrf;aqmifonfh a&TUajymif; (*) wyfrLS ;\qH;k jzwfcsut f a&;Bu;D jcif;/
&vG,u f al omwyfzUJG rsKd ;jzpfonf/ umwyfukd wyfrrSL;? 'kwyfrrSL;wdu
Yk wyfrt&HwyfrS wyfcJG (C) &&SdaomtcGifhta&; roHk;wwfygu tcGifhta&;qHk;½IH;wwfjcif;/
wpfcGJ (odkYr[kwf) xdkxufydkaom tiftm;jzifh zGJUpnf;apvTwfonfh cHppfpnf;a&SU (8)rdkifrS 48/ a&GUajymif;rIyHkpHrsm; (Types of movements)
(15)rdkiftwGif; ae&mcsxm;avh&Sdonf/ a&TUajymif;&vG,fulaom vuf½Hk;wyfrsm;jzifh (u) enf;AsL[ma&GUajymif;rI (Tactical moves)
tcsKd ;uszUJG pnf;onf/ (c) ppfqifa&;a&GUajymif;rI (Operational moves)
127/ umuif; (Screen) (*) r[mAsL[ma&GUajymif;rI (Strategic moves)
(C) tkyfcsKyfa&;a&GUajymif;rI (Administrative moves)
Detachment, generally composed of all arms, occuping an area of ground
so as to interfere, as much as possible, with the enemy's preparations for attack: 49/ enf;AsLl[ma&GUajymif;rI (Tactical moves)
the aim being to prevent enemy observation and reconnaissance of the forward
These ate moves carried out by formations and units when they are tacti-
defended localities and the main obstical and to make him deploy earlier than
cally grouped and are either moving deployed for battle or are moving ready for
necessary. It is placed with (800)yards to (1500)yards of the defensive position.
deployment into battle. The movement of the leading brigade in an advance, the
umuif; movement of and advance guard or the movement of the various groups of an
infantry brigade from assembly area to a forming up place and beyond, during an
a&SUumwyf&o dS nfjzpfap? r&So d nfjzpfap yifrcHppfaemufukd &efou
l if;raxmufEikd &f ef attack are examples of tactical moves.
cHppfpnf;a&SU (800)uduk rf S (1500)udu
k tf wGi;f csxm;aomwyfjzpfonf/ wpfcx k ufrenf;aom
tiftm;&S&d rnf/ wdkufyGJ0ifrnfhtaetxm;jzifhwyfjzefYí toifha&GUajymif;jcif; (odkYr[kwf) wdkufyGJ
0ifEikd &f eftwGuf wyfjzefaY &GUajymif;rIuekd nf;AsL[majrmufzUJG pnf;aomtcg wyf&if;ESiw hf yfzUJG
rsm;tm;jzifh aqmif&u G &f aom a&GUajymif;rIrsm;jzpfonf/ cspD pfwiG f a&SUajy;AsL[m\a&GUajymif;rI?

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a&SU&Hwyf\a&GUajymif;rI? pk&yfrS pD&yfodkYcsDwufaeaom ajcvsifppfAsL[mwpfck\ trsdK;rsdK; Defensive fire tasks in depth in depth are selected usually off the map by
aomtzGUJ tpnf;rsm;\ a&GUajymif;rIrsm;onf enf;AsL[ma&GUajymif;rI om"ursm;yifjzpfonf/ the brigade commander advised by the affiliated artillery commandering officer.
However, at successively higher level, such as divisional commander and com-
50/ ppfqifa&;a&GUajymif;rI (Operational moves)
mander and commander artiliery brigade more may be added.
These are move carried out by formations and units, within a higher
cHppfypfcwfrIta0;
formation's operational zone of sector, in pursuance of an operational plan.
Movements from permanent location to concentration area, or deployment areas &efow
l ukd pf pfjyifqifaerIukd ysujf ym;ap&ef &nf&, G of nf/ pD&yforYkd csw
D ufrD pk&yf
(for defence) or from concentration area to assembly area, generally, neither ae&m&Sd &efowl yfrsm; wdu k cf u
kd &f efjzpfonf/ pD&yftvGeyf pfrw
S rf sm;jzpfonf/ ppfAsL[mrSL;rS
tactically grouped nor deploy for contact with the enemy. tajrmufwyfrSL;ESifh n§dEdIif;a&G;cs,favh&Sdonf/ wyfrrSL;rS jznfhpGufrIjyKEdkifonf/
ppfqifa&;pDrcH sut f wdik ;f txufwyfzUJG Bu;D rsm;\ ppfqifa&;e,f(odrYk [kw)f tuefY 124/ cHppfypfcwfrI (teD;) (Close defensive fire tasks)
twGif; wyf&if;rsm;ESifhwyfzGJUrsm; trsm;tm;jzifh aqmif&Guf&aom a&GUajymif;rIjzpfonf/
These tasks are selected dose in front of the forward defended localities
wyf&if;XmecsKyrf sm;rS aygif;&yfae&mrsm; (od)Yk wyfjzef&Y efae&mrsm; cHppftwGuf (od)Yk aygif;&yf
with the aim of breaking up the attack at the forming up place, on the start line or
ae&mrsm;rS pk&yfae&mrsm;odkY a&GUajymif;rIrsm;onf ppfqifa&;a&GUajymif;rI om"ursm;yif
during the actual assault. They are closen by infantry battlion commanders
jzpfonf/ xdok aYkd om a&GUajymif;rIrsm;wGif wyfzUJG rsm;ESihf wyf&if;rsm;udk &efoEl iS x
hf ad wGU&ef
advised by their battery commander. Close defensive fire should be a minimun of
arQmfvifhcsufjcifh enf;AsL[majrmuf wyfjzefYzGJUpnf;rIryg0ifay/
250 meters away for field guns and 350 meters away for medium gun.
51/ r[mAsL[ma&GUajymif;rI (Stategic moves)
cHppfypfcwfrI (teD;)
These are moves carried out by formations and units from one theatre to
another in Pursuance of a strategic plan. They are planned and controlled by
&efo\ l wduk cf u
kd rf u
I kd NyKd uo
JG mG ;ap&ef &nf&,
G o
f nf/ &efot l m;pD&yfEiS hf prsO;f Mum;
Army Headquater.
wduk yf 0JG ifpOfwpfavsmufv;kH ypfcwf&\/ cHppfteD;uyf ypfrw S rf sm;rSm rdrcd pH pfpnf;ESihf &efoYl
pD&yfMum;wGifjzpfonf/ ¤if;udk wyf&if;rSL;ESifhtajrmufwyfcGJrSL;wdkYu n§dEdIif;a&G;cs,fonf/
r[mAsL[mpDrHcsuft& ppfajrjyifwpfckrS tjcm;ppfajrjyifwpfckodkY wyf&if;rsm;ESifh (vdktyfu rdrdcHppfpnf;wGif a&G;cs,fEdkifonf) cHppfteD;ypfrSwfrsm;rSm tayghpm;tajrmuf
wyfzUJG rsm;tm;jzifah qmif&u
G &f aom a&GUajymif;rIjzpfonf/ ppf½;kH csKyrf S xde;f csKypf rD cH suaf &;qGo
J nf/ BuD;rsm;ESifh tenf;qHk;rDwm 250 cefYa0;uGmoifhNyD; tvwfpm;tajrmufrsm;ESifh 350
rDwmcefu Y mG a0;pGm&So
d ifo h nf/
52/ tkyfcsKyfa&;a&GUajymif;rI (Administrative moves)
125/ cHppfypfta&;BuD; (Defensive fire (SOS) tasks)
Moves of formation and units other than tatical, operational or straegic
are called Administrative moves. Moves of units for routine relief (Infantry Re- These are the most dangerous close defensive fire tasks selected with the
lief, Artillery Relief, Engineer Relief) or moves or formation and units to changes aim or breaking up an enemy's assault on which guns and mortars are kept laid
their locations are example of such moves. when not engaged on other tasks and which are brought bown immediately in
reply to the SOS call.
enf;AsL[mppfqifa&; (od)Yk r[mAsL[ma&GUajymif;rIr[kwaf om wyf&if;rsm;ESiw hf yfzUJG
rsm;\ a&GUajymif;rIrsm;udk tkycf sKyaf &;a&GUajymif;rI[ak c:onf/ omrefvyk ½f ;kd vkypf Of xGucf mG For defensive fire (SOS) tasks which may well be selected very near the
rItwGuf wyf&if;rsm;a&GUajymif;rI (ajcvsix f u
G cf mG rI? tajrmufxu G cf mG rI? tif*sief ,
D mxGuf localities, the distance from occupied localities should not generally be closer
cGmrI)(od)Yk ae&mopfoYkd wyf&if;wyfzUJG rsm;a&GUajymif;rIukd tkycf sKyaf &;a&GUajymif;rI[ak c:onf/ than the minimun safety distance for that weapon.

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qufoG,f&yf 53/ csDppf\ tajccHoabmw&m;rsm; (FUNDAMENTALS OF ADVANCE)
ESpzf UJG xufyakd om wyfzUJG rsm; wpfzUJG ESiw
hf pfzUJG ajrjyifqufo,
G rf v
I yk Ef ikd &f ef owfrw
S f FUNDAMENTALS OF ADVANCE
xm;aomajrjyifü odomxif&Sm;vG,faom ae&mjzpfonf/ ¤if;udk ( Œ )oauFwjzifh (a) wide reconnaissance.
azmfjyonf/ (b) Maintenance of momentum.
(c) Air support.
121/ cHppfypfcwfrI (Defensive fire) (d) Decentralization.
Fire which is prearranged and can be brought down quickly to disorganise (e) Proper composition.
the enemy's preparations for attack and to break up his assault when it is (f) Order of march.
deliveued. (g) Morale.
(h) Administration and logistic.
cHppfypfcwfrI (i) Command, control and communication.
cHppfypfcwfrIqdkonfrSm &efol\wdkufppfqif&ef jyifqifrIudk NydKuGJap&ef? &efolrS csDppf\tajccHoabmw&m;rsm;
wdkufcdkufvmaomtcgü ¤if;\acsrIef;a&;udk csdK;zsuf&ef BudKwifpDpOfxm;aom ypfcwfrI (u) us,fjyefYpGmowif;axmufjcif;/
jzpfonf/ (c) cspD pft[keu f x kd ed ;f odr;f jcif;/
122/ cHppfypfcwfrI (Defensive fire tasks) (*) avaMumif;tiftm;udk toHk;jyKjcif;/
(C) vufatmufodkYtmPmjzefYa0ay;xm;jcif;/
The aim of defensive is to disorganise the enemy's preparation for attack (i) rSeu f efpmG pkzUJG aygif;pyfjcif;/
and break up his assault when it is delivered. The defensive fire plan must be
(p) csw D ufrtI pDtpOfaumif;jcif;/
drawn up early in the planning stage. It should be ensured that the plan cover (q) pdw"f mwfMuchH ikd af umif;rGejf cif;/
the whole fornt and that the maximun artillery resourses can be concentrated on
(Z) tkyfcsKyfrIESifh axmufyHhydkYaqmifa&;pepfaumif;jcif;/
any position of the front.
(ps) BuD;MuyfuGyfuJrIESifh qufoG,frIpepfaumif;jcif;/
cHppfypfcwfrI 54/ us,fjyefYpGmuif;axmufjcif; (WIDE RECONNAISSANCE)
&efow l u
kd &f efjyifqifru I kd ysujf ym;ap&efEiS hf &efow
l u
kd pf pfukd NyKd uaJG p&ef&nf&,
G o
f nf/ The task of wide reconnaissance are -
cHppfypfcwfrIudk pDrHcsufa&;qGJpOfuyif xnfhoGif;a&;qGJ&onf/ cHppfypfcwfrIonf cHppf (a) To locate the enemy delaying positions.
a&SUrsuEf mS pmwpfcv k ;kH udk cHppfpnf;a&SU&Sd rnfonfah e&mudrk qdk tajrmufrsm;\ pk½;kH ypfcwfrI (b) To detect gaps or lightly held areas in the enemy defensive system
jzifh vTrf;rdk;xm;oifhonf/ which can be exploited to envelop or bypass the enemy.
123/ cHppfypfcwfrIta0; (Defensive fire tasks in depth) (c) To obtain information on going and routes. There are two categories
These are essentially enemy's assembly areas, apporaches to forming up of reconnaissance. They are -
place (FUP) his reserves and headquarters. Primarily these tasks are engaged (1) Air reconnaissance.
before the enemy forms up for an attack. Tasks in depth with the aim of (2) Ground reconnaissance.
disorganising the enemy's preparations for an attack.

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16 37
(u) &efo[l efpY pfqifwu kd cf u
kd Ef ikd af omae&mrsm;/ cHppfe,f
(c) &efolYcHppf\aysmhuGuf (odkYr[kwf) [muGuf&Sdaomae&mrsm;? ¤if;ae&mrsm;rS
wyf&if;tqifh cHppf,x
l m;aomae&m? cHppfa'orsm; xk&adS tmif zGUJ pnf;xde;f csKyx
f m;
rdrdwyfrsm; jzwfodef;ppfupm;wdkufcdkufEdkifonf/
aomppfqifa&;e,fajrjzpfonf/
(*) csDwufrnfhvrf;aMumif;\ aemufqHk;owif;tajctae -
(1) a0[ifru S if;axmufjcif;/ 117/ cHppfrsufESmtuefY (Defended sector)
(2) ajrjyifru S if;axmufjcif;/
Ground, organised for defence by a formation for example, brigade or
55/ uif;axmuf&efvdktyfcsuf (FACTORS NEEDED FOR RECONNAIS- divisional defended sector.
SANCE)
cHppfrsufEsmtuefY
(a) Enemy.
(b) Terrain. wyfzGJUBuD;wpfck cHppf,lxm;aome,fajr? ppfAsL[m(odkYr[kwf) wyfrtqifhcHppf
(1) Vital ground. qifonfhrsufESmpmtuefYjzpfonf/
(2) Ground of tactical importance.
(3) Observaion & Field of fire.
118/ e,fedrdwf (Boundary)
(4) Cover & concealment. A control measure drawn along indentifiable terrain features and used to
(5) Obstacles. delibrate areas of tactical responsibility for subordinate units of a military force.
(6) Approach.
e,fedrdwf
uif;axmuf&efvdktyfcsuf
wm0ef,lxdef;odrf;xm;&rnfh cHppfa&SU^0J^,mESifh aemufe,fpyfwpfavQmufudk
(u) &efo/l ac:qdkjcif;jzpfonf/
(c) ajrtaetxm;/ 119/ a&SUcHppfpnf; (Forward adge of battle area)
(1) tcsuftjcmajr/
A lind where one's ground troops directly face the forces of the enemy
(2) ppfAsL[mta&;BuD;ajr/
being seen as the forward edge of a deep battlefield.
(3) ypfuiG ;f jrifuiG ;f /
(4) tumtuG,Ef iS zhf ;kH uG,rf /I a&SUcHppfpnf;
(5) twm;tqD;/
(6) csO;f uyf&mvrf;aMumif;/ a&SUwef;tusqHk; pcef;a'orsm;\ wpfckESifhwpfck qufpyfxm;aom tMurf;zsOf;
rsOf;aMumif;wpfavQmufudk a&SUcHppfpnf;[kac:onf/
56/ csDppfpDrHcsufjyKvkyf&mwGif yg0if&rnfhtcsufrsm; (FACTORS SHOULD
BE INCIUDEN IN MAKING PLAN) 120/ qufoG,f&yf (Contact points)
(a) Missions to contact with enemy. A point in the terrain, easily indentifiable, where two or more units are
(b) Holding ground. required to make physical contact with one another. It is depicted by cross
(c) Correct grouping. symbol.
(d) Tasks for own troops.
(e) Gap and deloyment between own troops.

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36 17
(c) euf½iId ;f e,fajr (Deep Battle Area) (f) The time by which advance can commence and time by which the
(*) vHkNcHKa&;e,fajr (Covering force Area) task should be completed.
(C) yifrwdkufyGJe,fajr (Main Battle Area) (g) Defining boundary.
(i) aemufydkif; (t&H)e,fajr (Rear Area) (h) Portection from assault aircraft.
(i) Rate of march.
txufyge,fajr (5)ckv;kH udk wm0efe,fajr[kac:onf/ (All areas are called
(j) Axis.
as area of responsibility)
(k) Column.
113/ Defende post (l) Assembly area, start line and H-hour.
(m) Report line.
The defence held by a small sub-units, such as infantry section. De-
(n) Bound.
fended posts are grouped together in mutual support, to form a defended local-
(o) Logistic.
ity.
(p) Location of headquarter.
114/ cH p pf p cef ; (q) Communication.

wyfpwd t f qifh wyfzUJG i,frsm;tm;jzifh xde;f csKyx

f m;aom cHppfae&mjzpfonf/ cHppf csDppfpDrHcsufjyKvkyf&mwGif yg0if&rnfhtcsufrsm;
a'ozGJUpnf;Edkif&ef cHppfpcef;rsm;udk tjyeftvSeftaxmuftuljyKí pkzGJUonf/ (u) &efoEl iS xhf ad wGUrnf&h nfreS ;f csuaf e&mrsm;/
(c) tcsut f jcmajrESihf ppfAsL[mta&;Bu;D ajrae&mwdt Yk & OD;pm;ay;odr;f ydu
k &f ef
115/ cHppfa'o (Defended Locality) ajrae&mrsm;/
An area of ground, organised or sited for all round defence, such as, a (*) wyftpdwftydkif; toD;oD;twGuf [efcsufnDaompkzGJUyHk/
platoon or a company defended locality. It consits of a group of multually (C) wyfzUJG tvdu k w
f m0ef/
supportion sub-units organised in depth. Those defender localities which are (i) wyfrsm;tuGmta0;? wyfjzefYyHk/
likely to come first in contact with the enemy, are termed as forwarded localities. (p) pwifcsDwuf&efESifh NyD;&rnfhtcsdefrsm;/
(q) uGyfuJrIvG,ful&ef e,fedrdwfowfrSwfjcif;/
cHppfa'o (Z) ajrjyifESifhavaMumif;&efwdkY umuG,fa&;tpDtpOfrsm;/
wyfpw
k pfp(k odrYk [kw)f wyfcw
JG pfcJG cHppf,x
l m;aom e,fajrywfvnf cHppftwGuf (ps) cswD ufEeI ;f /
yHpk cH sxm;aom (od)Yk zGUJ pnf;xm;aom ajrae&mjzpfonf/ xkjzifzh UJG pnf;xm;Ny;D tjyeftvSef (n) cswD uf&efA[drk sO;f /
taxmuftuljyKaom wyfzUJG rsm;yg0ifonf/ &efoEl iS hf yxrOD;qH;k xdawGUrI&adS om txufyg (#) cspD pfvrf;aMumif;/
cHppfa'orsm;udk a&SUcHppfa'o[kac:onf/ (X) pk&yf? prsOf;? e-em&D/
(!) owif;ydrYk sO;f /
116/ cHppfe,f (Defended Area) (¡) wpfaxmufem;&yf/
An area of operational responsibility containing group of mutually sup- (P) axmufyHhyHkESifh ydkYaqmifa&;tpDtpOf/
porting defended localities organised in depth, such as a battalion defended (w) XmecsKyfrsm; wnfae&m/
area. (x) qufo, G af &;tpDtpOf/

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57/ csDppfpDrHcsufa&;qGJ&mwGif pOf;pm;&rnfhtcsufrsm; (PLANNING CONSID- 109/ cHppfpDrHcsufrsm; (Outlines plan carried out in defence)
ERATIONS) (u) wyfESifhvufeufae&mcsxm;rIpDrHcsuf (Allocation of arms and services
(a) Mission. plan)
(b) Enemy strength, composition, depositions, probable intention and (c) twm;tqD;pDrHcsuf (Obstacles plan)
likely courses of action. (*) ypfcwfrI pDrHcsuf (Fire plan)
(c) Terrain between own troops and enemy including presence of natu- (C) vHkNcHKa&;pDrHcsuf (security plan)
ral and artificial obstacles. (i) tkyfcsKyfrIpDrHcsuf ( Logistic plan)
(d) Concept of local resident. (p) qufo, G af &;pDrcH suf (Signal plan)
(e) Routes. (q) wefjyefwdkufcdkufrIpDrHcsuf (Counter attack plan)
(f) Availability of own resources. (Z) qkwcf mG rIprD cH suf (Withdrawal plan)
(g) Logistics.
110/ ydwfqdkY&mwGif pOf;pm;&rnfhtcsufrsm; (Considerations for road block)
csDppfpDrHcsufa&;qGJ&mwGif pOf;pm;&rnfhtcsufrsm;
(u) &efolYwifhum;vmEdkifonfhvrf; (Axes which the enemy's armour may
(u) rdrv d yk af qmif&rnfh ppfqifa&;\&nf&, G cf su/f
approach)
(c) &efolYtajctae? vufeufBuD;ESifh wyfjzefYrItaetxm;? rdrdtaetxm;
aygif;pyfnEd§ iId ;f rI/ (c) rdrdwifhum;ypfvufeufrsm; csxm;oifhaomae&m (Site in which should
(*) rdrEd iS &hf efoMl um;ajrtaetxm; obm0? vlvyk t f cuftcJEiS hf twm;tqD;rsm;/ allocated antitank guns)
(C) ¤if;a'o&Sd jynfolvlxkoabmxm;/
(*) rdkif;uGif;rsm;csxm;&efae&m (Site to be laid down mine fields)
(i) toH;k jyKEikd rf nfv h rf;/
(p) rdrb d ufr&S Edik of nfth axmuftulrsm;/ (C) obm0twm;tqD;rsm;udk tusKd ;&Spd mG toH;k jyKjcif; (Maximun use of natural
(q) rdr\ d axmufyahH &;tajctae/ obstactes)

58/ csDppfwGif wyfpkzGJUrItpdwftydkif;rsm; (TACTICAL GROUPING) (i) vlvkyftwm;tqD;rsm; jznfhpGuftoHk;jyKjcif; (Using artificial obstactes
(a) Covering force. combined with natural obstactes)
(b) Advance guard.
111/ t&Hxm;&Sd&onfhtaMumif;t&if; (Employment of Reserve)
(1) Van guard.
(u) wefjyefwdkufcdkuf&ef (To evecute counter attack)
(2) Main guard.
(c) &efolxdk;azmufrIudk ydwfqdkY&ef (To black hostile penetration)
(c) Main body.
(*) ab;eHEiS ahf emufyikd ;f vHNk cKH rI (To extend the flanks of the battle position of
(d) Flank guard.
occupy a rear position)
(e) Rear guard.
(C) tiftm;jznfw
h if;&ef(odrYk [kw)f tpm;xd;k &ef (To reinforce or replace front
csDppfwGif wyfpkzGJUrItpdwftydkif;rsm; line units)
(u) a&SUumwyf/ (i) pdrfh0ifvmaom&efoludk okwfoif&ef (To deal with infiltrators)
(c) a&SU&Hwyf/
112/ wyfrBuD;(odkY) wyfrawmfcHppfe,fajrpkzGJUyHk (Frame work of defence)
(1) a&SUajy;wyf/
(2) a&SU&Hwyf\ yifrwyf/ (u) axmufvSrf;e,fajr (Area of interest)

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(i) wyfzGJUrsm;cHppf,lxm;aom rsufESmpmonf ae&mcHppfwnfaqmufEdkifpGrf;udk (*) yifrwyf/
ausmfvGefaomtcg (Frontage assigned to the defending force exceeds its capa- (C) ab;&Hwyf/
bility to establish effective positional defence) (i) aemuf&w
H yf/
(p) vIyf&Sm;cHppf,l&ef ajrtaetxm;Esifh &nfrSef;csuft& tajctaeay;onfh 59/ a&SUumwyf\&nf&G,fcsuf (PURPOSE OF COVERING FORCE)
tjyif twGif;ydkif;üwdkfucdkufaomtcg (Ground and mission permit de- (a) To get opportunity of perparation for main body before contact with
fence to be rganized and fought in depth) enemy.
(b) To have security of the own troops.
(q) cHppfjyifqifzGJUpnf;&ef tcsdefrvHkavmufaomtcg (Sufficient time is not
(c) Not to delay the march of main body.
available for organization and preparation of defence)
(Z) ajrtaetxm;\oGm;vmEdkifIonf vIyf&Sm;ppfqifrIudk jyKvkyfEdkifaomtcg a&SUumwyf\&nf&G,fcsuf
(Trafficable of the ground permits mobile operation) (u) &efolESifhrxdawGUao;rDtajctaeudk apmpD;pGmpdwfBudKufzefwD;&ef/
(c) wyfzGJUwpfckvHk;\ vHkNcHKrIjyKvkyf&ef/
(ps) avaMumif;ta&;omrI&Sdaomtcg (Favourable air situration)
(*) yifrwyfcsw D ufruI kd aESmifah ES;rIr&Sad p&ef/
108/ ae&mcHppf,l&efzefwD;aomtcsufrsm; (Factors favouring positional de-
60/ a&SUumwyf\wm0ef (THE TASKS OF COVERING FORCE)
fence)
(a) To get contact with enemy at an early stage.
(u) owfrSwfae&mwpfckudk xdef;odrf;&efvdktyfaomtcg (Need to retain spe- (b) To occupy the ground of tactical importance.
cific areas) (c) To drive in minor opposition.
(d) To carry out security for main body.
(c) cHppf,xl m;aomwyfrsm; vIy&f mS ;Edik rf eI nf;aomtcg (od)Yk wpfpw
d w
f pfyikd ;f aom
(e) To maintain the monentum of advance.
vIyf&Sm;Edkifaomtcg (defending forces tack mobility or are semi-mo-
(f) To hold the enemy when its too strong.
bile)
a&SUumwyf\wm0ef
(*) vIyf&Sm;Edkifaom t&HwyfrvHkavmufaomtcg (Lack of adequate mobile
(u) &efolESifh BudKwifxdawGUwdkufcdkuf&ef/
reserve)
(c) ta&;BuD;ajrae&mrsm;tm; odrf;ydkuf&ef/
(C) avaMumif;ta&;omrIr&Sdaomtcg (Favourable air situation can not (*) &efolckcHrItm; wydkifwEdkiftwGif; acsrIef;wdkufcdkuf&ef/
be assured) (C) yifrvHNk cKH raI qmif&uG af y;&ef/
(i) csDppfaESmifhaES;rIr&Sdatmif aqmif&Gufay;&ef/
(i) cHppf,l&efajrtaetxm;aumif;aomtcg (Good defensive terrain) (p) &efoltiftm;rsm;ygu xdef;csKyfxm;&ef/
(p) ajrtaetxm;t& cHppf,o l nfw
h yfzUJG rsm;\ vIy&f mS ;Edik rf t
I ay: uefo
Y wfcsuf a&SU&Hwyf\&nf&G,fcsuf (PURPOSE OF ADVANCE GUARD)
61/
&Sdaomtcg (Restricting imposed on the mobility of the defending
forces by terrain conditions) (a) To prevent the main body from running blindly into the enemy.

(q) cHppfjyifqifzUJG pnf;&ef tcsed v

f akH vmufaomtcg (Sufficient time is avail- (b) To drive in minor opposition of if opposition is too strong for it to
able for preparation and organization of defence) overcome, to secure a firm base and cover, the deployment of main
body.
(Z) cHppfe,fajrwGif xkr&Sdaomtcg (Lack of depth in the defensive area)

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a&SU&Hwyf\&nf&G,fcsuf the enemy; to stop him ahead of or on the forward defence. A small portion of
(u) rdrdumwyfESifhrawGUao;aom &efolae&mudk rdrdyifrwyfrsm; r0ifrdatmif available force is usually kept in rear. The defenders rely upon the ability of the
umuG,&f ef/ forces deployed onground and the fire power available to them to repulse or
(c) tiftm;enf;aom &efocl ck rH u I kd &Si;f vif;Ny;D tiftm;Bu;D aom &efocl ck rH t
I wGuf destroy the attack force which have penetrated into the defence.
yifrwyf wyfjzefcY sed &f &Sad p&ef/
ae&mcH p pf
62/ a&SU&Hwyf\wm0ef (TASKS FOR ADVANCE GUARD)
(a) To prevent from observation by enemy.
ajrae&mudk xde;f odr;f Edik &f efO;D wnfaqmif&u
G o
f nf/ rdrw d yfzUJG rsm; ajcukw, f x
l m;aom
(b) To prevent the enemy's surprise attack.
e,fajrwGi;f odYk xd;k azmuf0ifa&mufvmaom &efou dl ydk pftm;pkNyKH o;kH í acsreI ;f onf/ cHppf
(c) To gain time and deployment for main attack.
a&SUydkif;wGif tiftm;trsm;pkxm;NyD;aemufydkif;wGif tiftm;tenf;pkomxm;onf/
(d) To destory the enemy who will not be cleared by covering force. 106/ vIyf&Sm;cHppf (Mobile defence)
a&SU&Hwyf\wm0ef The defencers aim at the destruction of the enemy by canaliying the
(u) yifrwyftm; &efoltuJMunfhjcif;rS umuG,f&ef/ attacking force into a suitable area and then launching a counter attack with
(c) &efotYl idu
k zf rf;wdu
k cf u
kd rf rI S umuG,&f ef/ strong mobile reserve to destory him. The forward defence echelons-minimum
(*) yifrwyf wdkufcdkufrItwGuf tcsdef? ae&m? wyfjzefYrI&&Sdap&ef/ necessary forces initially committed forward. Bulk of forces are deployed in
(C) a&SUumwyfrS &Sif;roGm;&ao;aom &efolrsm;udk acsrIef;&ef/ rear. A division is the lowest level at which mobile defence can be pructiced.
63/ wyfrSL;vdkufygoifhaomae&m (POSITION OF COMMANDER) vIyf&Sm;cHppf
(a) Position in which can control battle at an early stage.
(b) Position in which can control battle at an early stage.
wdu
k cf u
kd vf maom&efot l m; rdrv
d yI &f mS ;wyfrsm;udt k oH;k jyKí wefjyefwukd cf u
kd Ef ikd af om
(c) Position in which can give order to subordinate and control the situ-
ae&mtxd usKH ;oGi;f 0ifa&mufciG jhf yKxm;Ny;D tiftm;awmifw h if;pGmzGUJ pnf;xm;aom rdrt d &H
ation is changed from advance attack.
wyfjzifh ydwqf aYkd csreI ;f jcif;jzpfonf/ a&SUydik ;f wGif tiftm;tenf;pkomxm;Ny;D aemufyikd ;f wGif
tiftm;trsm;pkxm;onf/ wyfrESit hf xuftqifw h iG o
f ;kH onf/ tiftm;Bu;D rm;aom t&Hukd
wyfrSL;vdkufygoifhaomae&m zGUJ pnf;onf/
(u) wdkufyGJudk tapmqHk;uGyfuJEdkifrnfhae&m/
(c) vQyfwjywftcGifhaumif;udk vufrvTwfwrf; tjrwfxkwfEdkifrnfhae&m/ 107/ vIyf&Sm;cHppf,l&ef zefwD;aomtcsufrsm; (Factors favouring mobile defence)
(*) cspD pfrS wdu
k pf pftoGiuf ;l ajymif;Edik af om tcGit
hf a&;udk vufrvGwEf ikd af tmif (u) EsLuvD;,m;AHk;vufeufrsm;Ncdrf;ajcmufrI (Neuclear threat)
trdeaYf y;Edik af omae&m/
(c) wefjyefwu kd cf u
kd rf t
I wGuf tiftm;awmifw
h if;aomvIy&f mS ;t&Hwyfrsm;udx
k m;&Sd
64/ A[dkrsOf; (Axis of advance) xdef;odrf;aomtcg (Strong mobile reserve for counter attack can be
maintained)
A line of advance assigned for purpose of control: often a road of a group
of roads or a designated series of locations, extending in the direction of the (*) cHppfqifo\
l vIy&f mS ;rIonf wdu
k pf pfqifox
l uf ydv
k yI &f mS ;Edik af omtcg (De-
enemy. fence is as mobile as, or more mobile than, the attacker)
cspD pfqif&onfw
h yfrsm; t&yfrsuEf mS rSm;,Gi;f rIr&Sad tmif xde;f odr;f ay;onfh 0if½;kd (C) wdu
k pf pfqifoo
l nf cHppfqifox
l uf tajctaezefw;D Edik cf iG hf ydrk &kd adS omtcg
ozG,f owfrSwfxm;aomrsOf;jzpfonf/ csDwuf&rnfhwyfrsm;onf A[dkrsOf;ay:rlwnfNyD; (The attacker has considerable numerical superirity over the defender)

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32 21
(i) wdu
k pf pfrqifrD &efot
l iftm;udjk yKe;f wD;ap&ef/ vrf;aMumif;a&G;cs,ff&onf/ ajryHk^ajrjyifwGifowfrSwfavh&Sdonf/ csDppfqifETJ&rnfh
(p) ppfr[mAsL[m? enf;AsL[m? &nfrSef;csufae&mrsm;udk udkifwG,fxdef;odrf;&ef/ wyfxuf tqifhjrifhaomwyfzGJUrS owfrSwfay;onf/
102/ vkyfief;wm0efrsm; (Task for defensive operation) 65/ wpfaxmufem;&yf (Bound)
(a) To delay.
A feature of tactical importance, on reading with sub-units and forma-
(b) To stop.
tions report their arrival to enable the higher commander to coordinate move-
(c) To destroy.
ment of leading troops and to ensure that balance and control are retained orders
vkyfief;wm0efrsm; will specifically state whether sub-units, units or formations will half on bounds
(u) &efoludk aESmifhaES;ap&ef/ or continue their movement. Unless orders to the confarary are issued, sub-
(c) &efoul kd &yfwefaY p&ef/ units, units or formations will half and secure the bound tactically.
(*) &efoludk acsrIef;zsufqD;&ef/
wpfaxmufem;&yf
103/ cHppf\tajccHoabmw&m;rsm; (Basic consideration of defence)
cspD pfvrf;aMumif;&Sd ppfAsL[mta&;Bu;D ae&mrsKd ;wGif acwå&yfem;&ef owfrw S x
f m;onfh
(u) ajrtaetxm;udk rSefuefpGmtoHk;jyKjcif; (Proper utilization of terrain)
ae&mjzpfonf/ vdt k yfygu BuKd wiford ;f ydu
k Nf y;D rS &yfem;&rnf/ rvdt k yfvQif Mum&Sn&f yfem;
(c) vHkNcHKrI&Sdatmifaqmif&Gufjcif; (Security)
&efrvdb
k J tcsed o f wfrw S cf sut f &aomfvnf;aumif;? txufwyfrLS ;\ trdet Yf &aomfvnf;
(*) tjyeftvSefulnDjcif; (Mutual support)
aumif;? qufvufxGufcGm&efjzpfonf/ csDwufaeonfh wyfrsm;&yfem;&ef tkyfcsKyfrIudpö
(C) xkjzifhcHppfqifjcif; (Defence in depth)
aqmif&u G &f efEiS hf csw D ufEeI ;f udu
k n
f aD tmif n§Ed iId ;f aqmif&u
G Ef ikd &f efjzpfonf/ trnf0u S jf zifh
(i) ywfvnfcHppfqifjcif; (All round defence)
owfrwS af y;avh&o dS nf/
(p) aygif;pyfnEd§ iId ;f xm;aom ypfuEl iS yhf pfcwfrpI rD cH su&f jdS cif; (Coordinated fire
plan) 66/ owif;ydkYrsOf; (Report line)
(q) aygif;pyfn§dEdIif;xm;aom twm;tqD;pDrHcsuf&Sdjcif; ( Coordinated anti-
The line utilized for control and coordination of military operations, usu-
tank and obstacle plan)
ally a terrain feature extending across the zone of action. No need to halt that
(Z) ajymif;vG,jf yifv, G Ef ikd af om tpDtpOf&jdS cif; (flexibility)
line.
(ps) xdk;ppftjyKtrl&Sdjcif; (offensive action)
(n) t&efxm;&Sdjcif; (Feserve) owif;ydkYrsOf;
104/ cHppftrsdK;tpm; (Forms of defence) ajryHkwGif pdwfwdkif;usa&G;cs,fxm;aomrsOf;? ppfAsL[mta&;BuD;ajrae&mr[kwf?
(a) Positional defence (or) Area defence. ajryHwk iG f tvG,w f uljrifEikd af omae&mjzpfonf/ vufatmufcw H yfrsm;rS cspD pfw;kd wufrI
(b) Mobile defence. (odkYr[kwf) ¤if;wdkYa&muf&Sdaomae&mudk owif;ydkYEdkif&ef owfrSwfxm;aomrsOf;jzpfonf/
¤if;wGif &yfem;&efrvdk? trnf0Sufjzifh owfrSwfay;avh&Sdonf/
cHppftrsdK;tpm;
(u) ae&mcHppf/ 67/ &nfrSef;csufae&mrsm; (Objective)
(c) vIy&f mS ;cHppf/
The physical objective of the action taken eg, a definite teatical feature,
105/ ae&mcHppf (Positional defence) the seizure and / or holding of which is essential to the commander's plan.
Objective may be assembly area for deliberate attack.
Bulk of forces are deployed in holding and denying important ground to

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22 31
&nfrSef;csufae&mrsm; tcsuftcsmajr
wyfwpfwyf rvGrJ aoGa&muf&&dS ef owfrwS x
f m;aomae&m? tcsed o f wfrw S x
f m;ygu ppfqif&onfeh ,fajrtwGi;f xdak jrudw
k pfzufrS odr;f ydu
k v
f u
kd o
f nfEf iS hf tjcm;wpfzuf
ra&mufa&mufatmifcsw
D uf&rnf/ BuKd wifppD Ofaom wduk pf pftwGuf cspD pfwiG f &nfreS ;f csuf rSrnforYkd Q qufvufr&yfwnfEikd o
f nftxd tusKd ;oufa&mufapEdik o f nfh ajrrsKd ;jzpfonf/
onf pk&yfae&mjzpfonf/
99/ Ground of tactical importance
68/ p&yf (Start point)
An important ground supported to win the battle for own troops.
A clearly defined point on a route at which movement becomes controlled
by the commander ordering the move.
ppfenf;AsL[mt& rdrdtwGuf wdkufyGJatmifjrif&ef taxmuftuljyKaom ta&;
BuD;onfh ajrae&mjzpfonf/
p&yf
cHppf (Defence)
cspD pfvrf;aMumif;tpjzpfonf/ cspD pfwiG f cspD pfwyfrLS ; uGyu f rJ aI tmufoYkd a&muf&o dS nf/
cspD pfvrf;aMumif;wpfcw k nf;wGif oD;jcm;wyfrsm; csw D uf&ef&u dS p&yfrx S u
G cf mG csed f Bu;D Muyf 100/ cHppft"dyÜg,f (Definition)
uGyu f aJ y;&efvo kd nf/ p&yfrx
S u
G cf mG csed rf mS pxGucf sed jf zpfonf/ wyftm;vH;k xGucf mG &efrvd/k The defence is the employment of all means and methods available to
a&SUajy;wyfrsm; pwifxGufcGmcsdefonf pxGufcsdefjzpfonf/ prevent, resist or destory an enemy attack. The defensive is that attitude or
condition of a force when it stands ready to protect itself against the enemy
wdkufppf (Offensive Operation)
attack.
69/ wdkufppf\t"dyÜg,f (Definition)
cHppft"dyÜg,f
An offensive operation is boldly to destroy the enemy by using combina-
tion fire and menoeuvre under fire support with correct leadership, effective
wduk cf u
kd v
f maom&efou l kd rdrw
d w Ykd iG &f o
dS rQaomtiftm;pkrsm;ESihf enf;vrf;tm;vH;k udk
command control.
pkpnf;Ny;D wmqD;jcif; (odrYk [kw)f ckcwH eG ;f vSejf cif; (odrYk [kw)f tNy;D wdik af csreI ;f okwo
f ifjcif;
yifjzpfonf/
wdkufppf\t"dyÜg,f
101/ cHppf&nf&G,fcsuf (Purpose of defence)
ypfcwfrEI iS hf ppfupm;rIukd [efcsun
f aD ygif;pyfNy;D ypfu?l ypftm; tumtuG,&f ,lí (a) Cause an enemy attack to fail.
rSeuf efaomacgif;aqmifr?I xda&mufaomBu;D MuyfuyG u f rJ w
I jYkd zifh &JU0Hjh ywfomG ;pGm &efot
l m; (b) Gain time.
wduk cf u
kd af csreI ;f jcif;yifjzpfonf/ (c) Concentrate forces else where.
(d) Control essential terrain.
70/ wdkufppf\&nf&G,fcsuf (Purpose of offense)
(e) Wear down enemy forces before launching oftensive action.
(u) &efolwyfzGJUtiftm;pkrsm;tm; atmifEdkif&ef (Defeat enemy forces)
(f) Ratain strategic, operational of tactical objective.
(c) tcsuftjcmajrESifh tqHk;tjzwfajrrsm;tm; vHkNcHKpGmxdef;odrf;&ef (Secure
the key decisive terrain) cHppf&nf&G,fcsuf
(*) &efolYpGrf;yum;udk ray;bJxm;&ef (Deprive the enemy resources) (u) &efow l u
kd pf pfuykd sujf ym;ap&ef/
(C) &efoo
Yl wif;&,l&ef (Gain information) (c) xdk;ppfqif&eftwGuf vdktyfaomtcsdefudk &&Sdap&ef/
(i) &efoltm; vSnfhpm;vrf;vTJ&ef (Deceive and divert the enemy) (*) tjcm;wpfae&mwGif tiftm;pkpnf;wnfaqmufEdkif&ef/
(p) &efolYwdkufcdkufrItm; NzdKcGif;&ef (Disrupt an enemy attack) (C) tcsuftjcmae&mudk xdef;odrf;&ef/

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30 23
95/ t&efwyf (Reserve force) 71/ wdkufppf\tajccHoabmw&m;rsm;
(u) wdusaom&nfrSef;csufxm;&Sdjcif; (Maintence of the objective)
Force who is employed as a reserve for contingency.
(c) aygif;pyfpzk UJG rIEiS hf wyftcif;tusi;f rSeu
f efrI (Proper composition)
t&efwyf (*) ypfulxda&mufpGm toHk;jyKjcif; (Effenctive fire support)
(C) tcdkiftrm ajcukwfpcef;xm;&Sdjcif; (Firm base)
wdu
k yf t
JG wGi;f rarQmrf eS ;f Edik af om tajctaeay:aygufvmygu toH;k jyK&eftwGuf (i) xkjzifhwdkufppfqifjcif; (Attack in depth)
t&eftjzpfxm;&Sad omwyfjzpfonf/ (p) wdu
k pf pfenf;y&d,m,faumif;jcif; (Tactical skill)
96/ t"duwdkufppf (Main attack) (q) wdkufppf[kefrusatmif xdef;odrf;jcif; (Maintence of monentun)
(Z) BuD;MuyfuGyfuJrIESifhaygif;pyfn§dEdIif;rIaumif;jcif; (Command, Control and
Troop (or) echelon assinged to seize the objective. It is not simulated. His
Co-ordination)
main task is to attack the objective.
(ps) t&efxm;&Sdjcif; (Reserve force)
t"duwdkufppf (n) avaMumif;ta&;omrI&jdS cif; (Air Superiority)
(#) jyefvnfzUJG pnf;rIaumif;jcif; (Reorganization)
&nfreS ;f csuaf e&mtm; wdu k cf u
kd o
f rd ;f ydu
k &f ef wm0efay;tyfc&H aomwyf(od)Yk ppfaMumif; (X) tkyfcsKyfaxmufyHhrIaumif;jcif; (Administanation and logistics)
jzpfonf/ &efou l vkd n
S phf m;a,mifjyjcif;r[kwb f J &nfreS ;f csuu
f kd wdu
k cf u
kd &f ef t"duwm0ef
xrf;aqmifonf/ wdkufppf ppfupm;enf;rsm; (Form of maneuver)
97/ t"dur[kwfaomwdkufppf (Subsidiary attack) 72/ e*g;ywfwdkufppf (Envelopment)
An attack launched in conjunction with the main attack along an alternate In the envelopment maneuver, the attacker avoids the enemy's front and
or subsidiory axis or approach, with the aim of dividing the reachion of the uses supporting attacks to fis the defender's attention forward, while maneuver-
enemy. Depending on the success achived, the attacker may switch forces from ing its main effort to strike at the enemy's flanks or rear.
the main effort toward the subsidiary axis approach, if he so desires.
e*g;ywfwdkufppf
t"dur[kwfaomwdkufppf &efo\ l tcdik t f rmumuG,x f m;onfh a&SUrsuEf mS pmudak &Smifí tm;enf;onfah b;eHrS
&efol\wefjyefwdkufcdkufrIudk wpfoD;wpfjcm;jzpfap&ef &nf&G,fcsufjzifh t"du wdu
k cf ukd jf cif;jzpfonf/ &efo\ l a&SUrsuEf mS pmudk xde;f csKyx
f m;onf/ &efo\ l yifr (odrYk [kw)f
wdkufppfESifh qufpyfvsuftjcm;wpfzufrS (odkYr[kwf) t"dur[kwfaom 0if½dk;twdkif; aemufrjS zwfwu kd jf cif;jzpfonf/ &efo\l tm;enf;aomab;eHukd acsreI ;f &efab;(odrYk [kw)f
wdu
k cf u
kd &f aom wdu
k pf pfjzpfonf/ atmifjrifr&I Edik jf cif; &S^d r&St
d ay:rlwnfí wdu
k pf pfqifol aemufodkYt"dutiftm;jzifhwdkufum t"dur[kwfaom wdkufppfjzifh&efoludkae&mwGif
taejzifh t"dur[kwfaomwdkufppfudk t"duwdkufppftjzpf ajymif;vJEdkifonf/ xde;f csKyof nfeh nf;jzpfonf/ &efot l m; ppfrsuEf mS pmESpcf jk zifh tMuyfuikd af omenf;jzpfonf/
98/ tcsuftcsmajr (Vital Ground) 73/ vSnfhwufppf (Turning movement)
Ground, the capture of which by the attacker will render the defender in The turning movement uses maneuver to avoid the defense entirely, by
capable of fighting a successful defensive battle in that defendent zone or sec- moving through terrain not occupied by the enemy or under enemy observation,
tor, is termed vital ground. and to strike deep in the enemy's rear.

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vSnfhwufppf qufoG,f&yf
&efot l "duwyfrsm;udak &Smifí aemufyikd ;f odeYk uf½iId ;f pGm0ifNy;D ae&mwpfcu k kd odr;f ydu
k f ESpzf UJG xufyakd omwyfrsm; wpfzUJG ESiw
hf pfzUJG ajrjyifqufo,
G rf v
I yk Ef ikd &f ef owfrw
S x
f m;
onf/ &efol\vuf&Sdae&mudk pGefYpm;atmif (odkYr[kwf) t"duwyfrsm; a&GUajymif;atmif aomajrjyifü odomxif&mS ;vG,af omae&mjzpfonf/ ¤if;udk ( Œ )oauFwjzifah zmfjyonf/
jyKvkyfonf/ &efol\aemufydkif;ESifh ab;eHudkwdkufckdufjcif;rS a&Smif&Sm;onf/ euf½dIif;aom
aemufyikd ;f &Sd tcsutf jcmae&mtm; odr;f ydu
k í
f &efox l u
G af ygufukd ydwq f &Ykd eft"dujzpfonf/ 92/ wyfcsif;quf&yf (Link up point)
a&SUydkif;wGif&efolrS tcdkiftrmcHppfqifxm;onfhtcg oHk;onf/ An easily indentifiable point on the ground where two forces contact a
linkup. When are force is stationary, linkup points are normally established where
74/ pdrfh0ifppf (Infiltration)
the moving force's routles of advance intersect the stationary force's, security
Infiltration uses covert movement of forces through enemy lines to a element. Linkup points for two moving forces are established on boudaries where
favorable attack position in the rear. the two forces are expected to comvarge.

(a) The movement through or into an area or tettitary occupied by either wyfcsif;quf&yf
friendly or enemy troops or organizations. The movement is made
either by small groups or by individuals, at extended or irregular
ajrjyifwiG f vG,u
f pl mG owfrw
S Ef ikd af om ae&mwpfcjk zpfonf/ ¤if;ae&monf wyfEpS cf k
intervals. When used in connection with the enemy . It implies that
qufpyfqufoG,faomae&myifjzpfonf/ wyfwpfwyfrS &yfem;aomtcg omreftm;jzifh
contacts is avoided.
wyfcsi;f quf&yfonf vIy&f mS ;aeaomwyf\ csw D uf&mvrf;aMumif;ESihf &yfem;aeaomwyf\
vHkNcHKa&;ae&mwdkYudk jzwfvsufwnf&Sdonf/ vIyf&Sm;aeaomwyfzGJU (2)zGJUtwGuf wyfcsif;
(b) When user in conjunction with a tactical vehiculars march, vehicles quf&yfonf ¤if;wyf(2)wyfawGUqH&k efarQmv f ifx
h m;aom e,ferd w
d af y:wGif owfrw
S o
f nf/
are dispatched individually or in small groups at irregular intervals to
reduce traffic density and prevent unduce massing of vehieles.
93/ wdkufppfe,f (Zone of attack)
An area forward of the line of contact assigned a force having a mission
pdrfh0ifppf
to attack, normally delinated by boundaries extending forward into enemy terri-
&efo\ l jyifqifxm;aomcHppfae&mrsm;tm; wdu k cf ukd jf cif;rjyKbJ &efoal emufyikd ;f odYk tory. The next higher commander assigns a zone of attack, and subdivide it for
0ifa&mufjcif;jzpfonf/ wdu k cf u
kd af &;wyfzUJG wpfcv k ;kH (odrYk [kw)f wpfpw d w
f pfyikd ;f onf &efol their units.
aemufyikd ;f wgif rdrt d wGut f cGio hf monfh taetxm;wpfc&k &S&d eftwGuf &efocl pH pfaMumif;udk
vQKd U0Supf mG wdu k cf u
kd jf cif;jzpfonf/ atmifjrifaompdr0hf ifppftm;vH;k onf &efo\ l axmufvrS ;f wdkufppfe,f
od&rdS EI iS hf xdawGUrIrsm;udk a&Smif&mS ;Edik &f rnf/ pdr0hf ifEikd o
f hf wyft&G,t f pm;ESihf tiftm;uefo Y wf wyfwpfwyftwGuf wdkufppfqifETJ&ef owfrSwfay;xm;aom e,fajrjzpfonf/
csurf sm;aMumifh &efocl pH pfpcef;Bu;D rsm;udk pdr0hf ifwu kd pf pfypkH w
H pfrsKd ;wnf;jzifh wdu
k cf u kd &f efc,J Of; ¤if;e,fajrudk 0J^,me,ferd w
d ?f prsO;f ? atmifajrcsUJ owfrw
S x
f m;onfh rsO;f wdjYk zifh abmifcwf
aomfvnf; tjcm;ppfupm;rIyHkpHrsm;jzifh wGJbufí xda&mufpGmusifhoHk;Edkifayonf/ ay;avh&Sdonf/ tqifhjrifhwyfrsm;wGifoHk;NyD; wyfcGJUtqifhwGifvnf; oHk;Edkifonf/
75/ azmufppf (Penetration) 94/ acsrIef;a&;wyf (Assault force)
Penetration is used when the enemy's flanks are not assailable or when Units undertaken to attack the enemy closely.
time does not permit some other form of maneuver. Its purpose is to capture
enemy defense on a narrow front to create a breach, hold open the shoulders and
acsrIef;a&;wyf
allow access to the enemy's rears. &efoludkteD;uyf wdkufcdkufacsrIef;&eftwGuf wm0ef,l&aomwyfjzpfonf/

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&nfrSef;csufudktydkif;cGJjcm;NyD; wdkufcdkufoGm;&efjzpfonf/ azmufppf
87/ wdkufppf0if½dk; (Axis of attack) azmufppfukd &efo\ l ppfet H m;wdu
k cf u
kd &f eftvG,u f al omtcg (odrYk [kw)f tjcm;aom
ppfupm;enf;rsm;toH;k jyK&ef tcsed u f efo
Y wfcsu&f adS omtcg toH;k jyKonf/ ¤if;\&nf&, G f
The line giving the general direction, astride which a formation of unit it to
csurf mS cHppfrsuEf mS pmtm; rsuEf mS pmusO;f usO;f ESihf csKd ;azmuf&eftwGuf zefw;D aqmif&u G &f ef?
move.
&efopl pfyck ;kH udk xde;f csKy&f efEiS hf &efo\l aemufyikd ;f odYk xd;k azmuf0ifa&mufEikd &f eftwGujf zpfonf/
wdkufppf0if½dk; (&efo\
l cHppfaMumif;udk jyif;xefaomtiftm;ESihf xd;k azmufjcif;jzpfonf/ &efocl pH pf
&nfreS ;f csuu
f ckd sw
D uf&mwGif OD;wnfcsw
D uf&rnft
h &yfrsuEf mS udk owfrw
S af y;xm;aom ae&mudk qufwdkufxdk;azmufNyD; rdrdt"duppfaMumif;jzifh tcsuftjcmajrudk tjrwfxkwf
rsO;f jzpfonf/ acsrIef;onf/ rdrdrS&efolxuf tqrweftiftm;omvGefrSoHk;oifhonf)
88/ e,fedrdwf (Boundary) Enemy defence could be penetrated by violent fire. Main attack pen-
etrated critical ground in enemy defence. It should be used when own forces
A control measure drawn along identifiable terrain features and used to
greater than enemy forces.
definate areas of tecticl responsibility for subordinate unit of a military force.
76/ a&SUrsufESmpmwdkufppf (Frontal attack)
e,fedrdwf
The frontal attack is the least desirable form of maneuver. It is also the
vufatmufcwH yfrsm;twGuf ppfqifa&;e,fajr½Iyaf xG;rIrjzpfap&ef odomxif&mS ; simplets form of maneuver, however, and is useful for overwholing weak de-
onfhajrae&mwpfavQmuftm; e,fedrdwftjzpf owfrSwfonf/ fenses, security outposts, on disorganized enemy forces.
89/ csOf;vrf;rsm; (Approach) a&SUrsufESmpmwdkufppf
Foutes that are used to approach to the objective.
a&SUrsuEf mS pmwdu k pf pfqo
kd nfrmS toH;k jyKrt
I enf;qH;k aom ppfupm;rIypkH jH zpfonf/
csOf ; vrf ; rsm; ¤if;onfv, G u
f &l iS ;f vif;onfh ppfupm;rIjzpfaomfvnf; &efot l m;enf;aom cHppfae&mrsm;?
vHkNcHKa&;wyfrsm;udk vTrf;rdk;Edkif&ef (odkYr[kwf) &efoltiftm;pkrsm;udk NydKuGJap&eftwGuf
&nfrSef;csufae&modkY csOf;uyf&eftwGuftoHk;jyK&rnfh vrf;aMumif;rsm;jzpfonf/ aqmif&u G &f mwGit f oH;k 0ifonf/
90/ ppfaq;&yf (Check points) 77/ qHk&yf (Fendezvous)
The selected pointed on the ground at which individuals, groups of units The rendzvous is behind the check point. Here the commander gains
report to a responsible menber of friendly forces, during a move.
control of his command.
ppf a q;&yf qH&k yfonf ppfaq;&yf\aemufwiG &f o
dS nf/ ¤if;ae&mwGif wyfrLS ;onf¤if;\uGyu
f rJ I
csDwufaepOftwGif; oD;jcm;(odkYr[kwf) pkzGJUxm;aomwyfzGJUrsm;rS e,fajrtvdkuf ud&k ,lonf/
wm0ef,l&aom wyfzGJUrsm;xHodkY owif;ydkY&ef a&G;cs,fxm;aomae&mjzpfonf/ 78/ pk&yf (Assembly Areas)
91/ qufoG,f&yf (Contact point) The troops will move forward from the concentration area to assembly
A point in the terrin, easily identifiable, where two or more units are re- areas where they will complete their preparations for the attack.
quire to make physical contact with one another. It is depicted by cross symbol.

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pk & yf &nfrSef;csufae&m
qH&k yfae&m\a&SUwGi&f NdS y;D wdu
k yf 0JG if&eftwGuf wyfrsm;jyifqifpzk UJG Edik &f ef owfrw
S f wyfrLS ;\tem*wf &nfreS ;f csujf zpfaom odr;f ydu
k &f rnfh ppfAsL[mta&;Bu;D (odrYk [kw)f
xm;aomae&mjzpfonf/ tcsuftjcmajr/
79/ pD&yf (Forming up place) 83/ &nfrSef;csuf (Mission)
From the assembly area, the troops move forward to the forming up place, The task together with its purpose for it, clearing indicating the action to
where they deplay into the assault formation. be taken and the reason therefor.

pD & yf &nfrSef;csuf
pk&yfae&mrSwyfrsm;onf ¤if;ae&modkYcsDwufNyD; wdkufcdkufacsrIef;onfhyHkpHtwdkif; wyfrsm;pGr;f aqmif&rnfh &nfreS ;f csuw
f m0efjzpfonf/ &nfreS ;f csuo
f nf &Si;f vif;
wyfjzefY&aomae&mjzpfonf/ wdus&rnf/
80/ prsOf; (Start line) 84/ e-em&D (H-hour)
This is an imaginary line arranged, if possible, to follow well defined The defailed timing of the attack are based on H-hour, which is the time
features or marked artificially on the ground; it is crossed by the assaulting at which are leading troops cross the start line.
troops at H-hour.
e=em&D
prsOf ;
acsreI ;f a&;wyfzUJG rsm; prsO;f udjk zwfausm&f ef owfrw
S x
f m;aomtcsed jf zpfNy;D wdu
k pf pf\
ajrjyifay:wGipf w
d u
f ;l jzifh owfrw
S pf pD Ofa&;qGx
J m;aom rsO;f jzpfonf/ acsreI ;f a&; tao;pdwftcsdefrsm;onf e-em&Day:wGif tajccHíowfrSwf&onf/
wyfrsm;onf ¤if;rsOf;tm; e-em&DwGifjzwfausmf&rnf/
85/ ,-&uf (D-Day)
81/ acsrIef;a&;rsOf; (Assault line)
The day on which an operation begins or is due to begin. This may be the
An imaginary line that defined on identifiable terrain features to make begining of hostilities of any other operation.
preliminiary attack to enemy.
,-&uf
acsrI e f ; a&;rsOf ;
ppfqifa&;pwifaomaeY(odrYk [kw)f pwif&efowfrw
S x
f m;aomaeYjzpfonf/ ppfqifa&;
rdrw
d yfrsm;rS&efou
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86/ wdkufppftydkif; (Phase)
82/ &nfrSef;csufae&m (Objective)
The assault stage may be sub-divided into phases if the objective can not
Ground of such tactical importance, the seizure of which is in furtherence be capture in the initial assault.
of the commander's aim.
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