Issue Date Drawn by Checked by Approved by Notes

1 7th January 2020 RRe SPG, font, branding

Document Control
HVPD KRONOS® ULTIMATE SOFTWARE

(PD ACQUISITION AND ANALYSIS SOFTWARE)

 HVPD PD ACQUISITION AND ANALYSIS SOFTWARE

Overview of
Acquisition Process
▪ Storage and selection of
- Waveform
- PD Events
- PD Parameters
Cable PD Location

Introduction to the HVPD Heatmap Viewer

Analysis Worked Examples:
▪ Rotating Machines
▪ Single Ended Cable PD

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

 INTRODUCTION
▪ During data acquisition of the (16.6/20ms waveform) the Event Recogniser™ classifies the largest events
- Cable
- Local
- Noise

▪ Event “Rules” provide further characterisation of each event.

▪ The rules are set so that recognisable Phase Resolved Partial Discharge (PRPD) patterns are achieved.
- PRPD patterns from the live data set should visibly match the relevant standards.

▪ Denoising is achieved guided by the principle

- noise clusters patterns obviously differ from standard PRPD patterns.
- For example
- noise clusters can be uniformly distributed
whereas
- PD is always phase-resolved

▪ Manually viewing the individual events pertaining to clusters provides further confirmation.
- Most obviously for Cable PD.

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

 ACQUISITION SOFTWARE

▪ Acquisition of the PD Data from the HVPD Kronos® Spot Tester is simple.
- Different software applications are used for hardware configurations

▪ Different Applications
▪ KST Control
▪ Kronos Offline Acquisition
▪ MCSA Data Acquisition
▪ KST-UHF Control
▪ Cable Map

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

 RECORDING EACH WAVEFORM

▪ The acquisition software acquires

- 6x synchronous signals
- 20ms (for 50Hz)
- 16.66ms (for 60Hz)
- 100MS/s
- 2MPts x 6 Channels @ 50Hz

▪ For each waveform record:

- Time stamp
- Ambient temperature and humidity
- Optional
- Mains/reference frequency
- Miscellaneous other parameters

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

 RECORDING TIME FACILITATES TRENDING OF DATA

▪ The time parameter stored with the data allows the trend viewer application to:
▪ Plot
▪ Report
▪ Time Resolved PD Events
▪ Time limit the events on the PRPD heatmap

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

 IDENTIFY ‘N’ PEAKS FROM WAVEFORM

▪ Theoretically there can be 2 million turning points in each 20 ms waveform

- To limit the number subjected to analysis, the turning points are sorted by magnitude
- The set of N highest magnitude events in each 2 MPt waveforms is subjected to analysis.

▪ N is limited by:
- Maximum number of events (See “1” next slide)
- Minimum magnitude
- Using mV threshold (See “2” next slide)
- X times σ / standard deviation (See “3” next slide)
- Range Parameter
- Closest proximity a peak can be to nearest neighbour (See “4” next slide)

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

 IDENTIFY ‘N’ PEAKS FROM WAVEFORM CONT…

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

MEASURE PEAKS PARAMETERS FROM EVENT WAVEFORM SEGMENT

▪ A set of parameters is recorded for each of N peaks, some examples:

- Rise Time/Fall Time/ Peak Width (seconds)

- Maximum Frequency Content (Hertz)
- Charge content (Coulombs)
- Area (Volts Seconds)
- Amplitude (Volts)

Note: any one of these axes can be later used for generation of clustering rules.

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

 EVENT RECOGNISER™ CLASSIFICATION
▪ The HVPD Event Recogniser™ now classifies the peak into:
- Cable
- Local
- Noise

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

 BASELINE CLUSTERING RULES ARE APPLIED

▪ To refine the Event Recogniser™ output using any rules that have been previously
developed.

▪ This is normally after baseline measurements are made after a training period.
▪ Note that this is
▪ normally in a monitoring test
▪ not normally in a Spot Test.

▪ The rules can classify events as machine PD.

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

 BASELINE CLUSTERING RULES ARE APPLIED CONT ..

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

 CABLE PD: LOCATION POSSIBLE IF REFLECTIONS ARE IDENTIFIED
▪ A cable PD will travel in both directions down the conductor.

▪ If the PD pulse “sees” is a change in impedance at the far end ..

- some of the energy gets “reflected” back down the cable.

▪ As the pulse travels its energy is dispersed and attenuate limits max. cable length in presence of noise

▪ If reflected pulse is detected, the delay is a fixed time (Delta T us) after the direct pulse
- Delta T is a function of (to a first approximation)
- return speed of the pulse in the cable medium
- can be measured using scope methods
- typically 80m/us
- length of the cable (m)
- Displacement of the PD site from the end of the cable (m)

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

CABLE PD: LOCATION POSSIBLE IF REFLECTIONS ARE IDENTIFIED CONT..

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

 CABLE PD .. REFLECTED PEAK POLARITY

▪ http://physics.usask.ca/~hirose/ep225/animation/reflection/anim-reflection.htm

▪ Polarity of reflected pulse depends on terminating impedance compared to cable

impedance.
- inverted
- when terminating impedance is lower than the cable impedance
- same sign
- when terminating impedance is higher than the cable impedance

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

 APPLICATION SPECIFIC REPORTING OF DATA

▪ The automatic report generation function generates application specific reports

including:

- Trend over time

- Peak PD
- Activity (Peak/Cycle)
- PD Count
- PRPD Patterns
- PD Waveforms

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

 HVPD INTRODUCTION: HVPD HEATMAP VIEWER

▪ The heatmap viewer loads the PD data from a single channel

▪ The aim is to generate recognisable PRPD patterns

▪ Shows a primary heatmap with selectable axes

- The events on the primary heatmap are selectable
- The effect of selection can be seen on the secondary controls and
heatmap

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

 HVPD INTRODUCTION: HVPD HEATMAP VIEWER CONT…

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

 HVPD INTRODUCTION TO THE HVPD HEATMAP VIEWER CONT…

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

RULE SETTING
EXAMPLES
 WORKED EXAMPLE – ROTATING MACHINES

Follow the worked example with the supplied example rotating machines data.

HVPD Kronos Ultimate Software DATA\127.0.0.1\4_Delamination_main_insulation\Example_expt_4\events\008

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

1. Open the data in the Trend Viewer app. Note that the events type is the original type as characterised at
acquisition time.

2. Open the Heatmap Viewer app and load all bin files.

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

3. The event data is loaded and displayed as a heatmap. On the right-hand pane the PRPD of phase v area is
shown and a typical noise pattern can be seen.

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

4. Start by sending all events to the expected PD type, in this case machine. Details of how apply rules can be found
in the HVPD Kronos® Spot Tester manual

5. Now we start setting and applying rules so as to remove any noise. Change the axis to display the frequency v
amplitude heatmap.

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

6. Select an area on the heatmap and the heatmap on the right will update to display only the selected points. Noise
is not phase resolved and so can be identified and filtered out by a rule. Care should be taken to not classify
genuine PD events as noise. Set the above region as a noise rule.

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

7. Now zoom into the 0-10 MHz frequency region.

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

8. Now attempt to find some noise events by selecting and looking at the result in the right-hand pane.

9. We find that this region contains noise events. Set the rule.

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

10. Apply the ruleset to the data and see what is left when the noise is removed.

11. Unselect the noise checkbox. We see that there is still some noise events to be classified.

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

12. Change the heatmap to display ‘rise time v fall time’ or ‘breadth v sharpness’ and deselect the noise checkbox.

13. The final noise events can be identified and reclassified.

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

14. Zoom into the large cluster of events and deselect the noise checkbox.

15. In the ‘amplitude vs phase’ pane we can see a clear PRPD pattern. We can compare this to international
standards which show that this is the PRPD for internal delamination.

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

 CONCLUSION – ROTATING MACHINES

▪ The user should experiment with other heatmap axis combinations to create different rule
settings.

▪ In practice the best axes for setting rules are ‘frequency v amplitude’, ‘rise time v fall time’
and ‘breadth v sharpness’.

▪ Keep in mind that:

- rules are applied sequentially
- the rules are applied on the original event type
- not the ‘current’ event type.

▪ Remember KISS – “Keep it simple, stupid”

- a simple rule set works often works best!

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

 WORKED EXAMPLE – CABLE PD LOCATION

▪ \127.0.0.1\ReprocessDTA_PCG_MRS5\H07_H02_rep100_1\events\002

▪ This example focusses on Phase L3

Cable type Voltage Length (m) Return speed Return time

(m/US) (US)
XLPE 33 kV 1871 90 23.87

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

 CABLE PD LOCATION – HEATMAP VIEWER
▪ Classification of the PD shows
- Recognisable PRPD pattern
- Typical Cable PD waveform segments

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

 CABLE PD LOCATION – HEATMAP VIEWER
▪ Classification of the PD as Cable PD
- Recognisable PRPD pattern
- Typical Cable PD waveform segments

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

 CABLE PD LOCATION – ENABLE THE TOOLS
▪ Enable the “Cable Mapping Tap”

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

 CABLE PD LOCATION – FORMULATION OF “Δ T HISTOGRAM”

▪ For each pulse in a given power cycle

- The time of the direct pulse is subtracted from subsequent pulses
- If the subsequent pulse
- shape is consistent with a reflection
AND
- Δt is a valid return time
THEN
- The histogram’s Δt count incremented.

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

 CABLE PD LOCATION – EXAMPLE ΔT HISTOGRAM

▪ In the example data set:

- we see a peak in the histogram at 7750 ns

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

 CABLE PD LOCATION – HISTOGRAM IS CLICKABLE!
▪ Clicking the Δt Histogram updates the calculation of PD Location
in metres and %.

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

 CABLE PD LOCATION – GENERATE THE REPORT

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

 CABLE PD LOCATION – INTELLIGENT SUMMING
▪ Example Data HVPD Kronos Ultimate Software
DATA\127.0.0.1\1900m\MRS5_B01_H05_H03\events\002

▪ Reflected PD Pulses can sometimes be hidden below noise floor

- Heatmap can be used to sum waveforms to reveal these events
- “Sum Transient” Tab in “Waveforms (SCT)” Tab

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

 CABLE PD LOCATION – INTELLIGENT SUMMING
▪ Select the events in the heatmap to sum the waveforms “triggered” at the selected PD
event time.
▪ Click the “play button”
▪ Wait completion
▪ Reflected pulses can been seen in the resulting waveform

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

 CABLE PD LOCATION – INTELLIGENT SUMMING

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate Software

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

HVPD Kronos® Ultimate

 Q: WHAT TO DO WHEN I DO NOT HAVE TIME TO
ANALYSE THE DATA?
A: The HVPD team will analyse 25 PD files free of charge Our after sales team is available to support
(FOC) within first 12 months from the completion of the you whenever you need it!
training.

Q: WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF I RUN OUT OF MY FOC

FILES? You can choose from two levels of support
that is tailored to your needs.
A: You sign up to HVPD Kronos® Care Plan and then,
Level I offers 25 test acquisition data to be
depending on the level you choose, HVPD will analyse analysed and Level II as much as 60 !
your files when a notification comes.

Q: HOW CAN I TRANSFER MY DATA TO HVPD?

A: You simply upload the files in free of charge cloud-
based portals. Once data is received by the HVPD team
([email protected]) we will start to analyse them

*All reports are delivered to the customer within 14 days from submission
of PD measurements

HVPD Kronos® Spot Tester – Data Support

Q: HOW CAN I CHECK THE VERSION OF MY
LICENSE?
A: Open up the application HVPD License Viewer –
you can see your software license – ticked are the
applications you have access to & you can also see
the expiry date

Q: WHAT TO DO WHEN MY LICENSE EXPIRES?

A: No worries, you are still able to use the software.
To get the latest version of the license, at any time,
you can simply sign up to our Care Plan and get the
updated version instantly. Both level I & II offer the
same software support and will include security
improvements and software patches.

Only this year HVPD Software team expanded the software by Motor Current Signature
Analysis and Ultra High Frequency measurements!

HVPD Kronos® Spot Tester – Data Support

Q: DOES HVPD CONTINUOUSLY IMPROVE THEIR
SOFTWARE?
A: Yes, we continuously improve our software to make sure
it is run safely and efficiently, which therefore regular
updates are required.

Q: HOW ARE THE UPDATES DELIVERED?

A: The updates are delivered directly from the HVPD
software team or through our company website.

Q: HOW DO I KEEP MY SOFTWARE UP TO DATE THEN?

A: You will need to pay a fee to extend your license period
on the HVPD Kronos® Spot Tester.

Q: CAN I GET A ‘BULK’ LICENSE FOR MULTIPLE

MACHINES?
A: Yes, please contact [email protected] where they will be
happy to assist your requirements.

HVPD Kronos® Spot Tester – Data Support

Q: ARE THERE ANY OTHER BENEFITS TO BEING ON THE PLAN
OTHER THAN SOFTWARE FEATURES?
A: Yes, the benefits of being on the plan is that you will get the following
included:
✓ Direct responses from our software team
✓ The HVPD software team will analyse up to 25 or 60 of your PD files
(Depending on level of plan)
✓ You’ll receive the latest firmware
✓ You’ll receive Webex training updates
✓ Bespoke feature enhancements

Q: DO YOU HAVE ANY EXAMPLES OF BESPOKE ENHANCEMENTS

YOU HAVE MADE FOR CUSTOMERS ON THE PLAN?
A: Yes, we can provide the examples on request.

Q: IS THE SOFTWARE BACKWARD COMPATIBLE?

A: Yes, we put a lot effort to make sure every customer using our HVPD Kronos®
family is able to use the latest version of the software

HVPD Kronos® Spot Tester – Data Support