THE EFFECTS OF TECHNOLOGY ADDICTION TO THE PRODUCTIVITY

OF ICAS STUDENTS

A Research Paper
Presented to the
Faculty of the Senior High School Department
Immaculate Conception Archdiocesan School – Tetuan
Zamboanga City

In
Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement for the Course
Practical Research II
(Quantitative Research)

By:
Khyma P. Dandun
Aranza AJ Larrian
Kennedy Francisco
Grade 12- St. Bernard

December, 2022
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Technology has certainly changed the way people live. It has impacted

different facets of life and redefined living. Undoubtedly, technology plays an

important role in every sphere of life (Raja & Nagasubramani, 2018). In

today's society, social networking through mobile phones and the internet is

frequent, with young adults being the most affected (De Corral, 2010).

Communication technology such as smartphones and the internet have begun

to significantly impact people's daily lives.

“Student’s nowadays growing up in a time where technology is

constantly at their fingertips. The growing world of social media applications

and internet sites spike interest in children” (Carstens et al., 2021). Over the

years, technology use has increased in the society, and it has changed the

way students work. Adolescents use a number of devices such as cell

phones, tablets, laptops, computers, I-pads, etc. Some others only use it for

communication. Other than communication, some people use it for leisure

(watching movies, listening to music, playing online games), shopping,

browsing educational materials, etc.

When the use of technology becomes out of control and causes harm

or impairment, it is labeled as addiction. Certain warning indicators of

technology addiction, such as abnormal excessive usage of internet or

mobile. The presence of some specific risk factors raises the possibility of

technology abuse. Some of the most crucial are psychological vulnerability

(temperamental issues such as extraversion and low self-esteem), the

prevalence of stress, and a lack of family and social support.

Individuals who are addicted to technology are obsessed with their

devices and can't live without them. They frequently spotted checking their

phones or the internet for email or SMS, sending SMS unnecessarily, playing

games, or chatting during special activities such as meetings, in a class, or

social conversations. When people forget to bring their gadgets, they get

irritated and anxious. They may experience something like their cell phone

ringing, beeping, or vibrating.

“Adolescents who are addicted to technology are frequently socially

isolated” (Shaw & Black, 2008). Adolescents with poor coping skills often find

it difficult to deal with minor issues on a daily basis and resort to using their

phones or the internet to distract themselves from unpleasant situations. The

practice of this maladaptive avoidance behavior on a regular basis may be a

potential risk factor for technology addiction.

In conclusion, the study showed the severity of technology addiction in

adolescence. It also demonstrates how technology addiction can cause

psychological issues and obsession with their devices.

Statement of the problem

This study attempts to find out the effects of technology addiction on

the productivity of the students of Immaculate Conception Archdiocesan

School, school year 2022-2023.

Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the students in terms of:

 1.1 Gender 1.2 Age 1.3 Strand

2. What are the effects of technology addiction on the productivity of the

Immaculate Conception Archdiocesan School students?

3. Is there a significant difference on the effects of technology addiction on

the student’s productivity when categorized according to gender, age and

strand?

Significance of the study

This study is conducted to benefit the following:

School administrators - The School administrators will be aware and

provide aid on how to help students manage technology addiction that is

affecting their academic performance.

Teachers - The teachers will be able to know the effects of technology

addiction affecting the students’ productivity and plan or may find ways to

slow down or reduce the addiction on the students.

Parents - The parents will be able to identify how to help their children

manage technology addiction and take responsibility to their children.

Students - This study will provide students with knowledge and

awareness on the effects of technology addiction on their productivity and

help them to manage their addiction that they may have in the future.

Researchers - The Researchers will be able to collect data about the

effects of technology addiction on the productivity of students to educate not

just themselves but also the aforementioned people.

Scope and Limitations

This study focuses on the effect of technology addiction on

the productivity of Immaculate Conception Archdiocesan School students.

This study will be conducted in Immaculate Conception Archdiocesan School

Senior High School Department S.Y. 2022 – 2023. The respondents of the

study are the SHS students of Immaculate Conception Archdiocesan School

Tetuan. The profile of the respondents such as gender, age and strand will be

considered variables in this study.

 CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

This chapter discusses the related literature and studies, theoretical

framework, conceptual framework, hypothesis, and the operational definition

of variables.

Related Literature

The internet has become an integral part of a student's life. Many

students used the internet mainly for educational activities, however, a

number of students wasted their time by visiting inappropriate sites, unrelated

to education. Academic success was determined by how the students utilize

the internet, whether it is for education purpose or non-educational activities

(Li et al., 2014). The heavy usage of the internet has shown adolescents

visiting chat rooms which resulted in them to stay up late hence affecting their

focus and attention in class that leads to the deterioration of their academic

performance (Leung & Lee, 2012). The studies on the effect of internet

addiction on academic performance have been consistently reported on

negative associations. In other words, if the students are addicted to the

internet, their academic performance decreases; their study habit declines,

increases in absenteeism, and skipped exams (Yeap et al., 2016).

A findings showed that the students mostly had social network

addiction, online game addiction and instant messaging addiction. In addition,

it was emphasized by the teachers that those students with technology

addiction had low academic achievement and had difficulty in communicating

with people in their environment (Karadag & Kilic, 2019).

In this digital age the internet revolution substantially affected people’s

lives. Education and social fields are greatly influenced by the internet. The

internet dependency has a positive and negative impact on people (Nabila et

al., 2017). For students, the teaching and learning have become easier

compared to the olden days as nowadays information is at their fingertips.

Despite its benefits, internet addiction may negatively impact the students’ life

such as on their emotional instability, depression, and poor productivity.

A data is collected via numerous instruments proven as reliable and

valid by the previous studies. There are 159 undergraduate students as

participants of the study. Antecedent variables are game addiction, bad

relationships with friends, family and professors, neglecting daily chores,

hindrance of sleep pattern, use internet for researching, weekly internet use

hours, leisure time activities, reading and playing computer games.

Consequence variables are self-esteem, self-confidence, social self-efficacy,

loneliness, and academic self-efficacy. (Baturay & Toker, 2019).

Furthermore, controlled use of the internet can have a positive

influence on students’ academic performance. Research has shown that the

use of the internet has positive impact depending on the type and how it is

being used (Torres-Diaz et al., 2016). In exploring the influence of internet

usage on academic performance, Ellore et al. (2014) discovered that most

university students have control over the use of internet. Kakkar (2014)

opined that internet usage can be beneficial to students in their academic set-
ups and may not cause potential harm to their mental health if used in

moderation. As the internet has become an integral part of today’s life, Singh

et al. (2013) observed that it should be used as a tool for communication and

acquiring of knowledge rather than habit forming addiction.

Related Studies

Veena and Shailaja (2016) Identify the sources among students of high

and low academic performance. The questionnaire was administered on 656

pure sciences and applied science under graduate students from Bangalore

city. Academic performance is referred to the end-term results in the previous

semester. The tool used for the present study was Stressful Life Events

Inventory - Student form (Rao, 1986). The findings showed that majority of the

students’ perceived education as more stressful. High and low academic

performing students as well as pure and applied science course students

differed significantly on sources of stress.

An empirical study of 241 organizational mobile email users revealed

that their levels of addiction to mobile email increased their perceived work

overload and technology–family conflict. Perceived work overload, in turn,

reduced their organizational commitment. Furthermore, elevated levels of

perceived work overload together with augmented technology–family conflict

fostered work–family conflict. Implications for research and practice are

suggested (Turel et al., 2011). The empirical findings of this study will be of

great significance to the followings; the teachers and school can utilize the

findings as guidelines to formulate new policy regarding internet use on

campus, the results of this study can serve as a reminder and create
awareness to the parents, to better control their children’s internet

access such as cutting the budget for broadband allowance and continuous

monitoring, and can serve as an eye opener to students on negative effects of

internet excessive use, thus, the students need to wisely use the internet for

educational purposes.

Theoretical Framework

This study is anchored on:

The theories and concepts relating on technology addiction and

productivity.

The theory of technological frames offers an insightful lens through

which to examine and comprehend the many meanings and expectations

attached by various stakeholder groups surrounding information and

communication technologies that are intended to be implemented in

businesses. It has been discovered that these diverse views complicate the

design and deployment of new technologies in numerous ways (Puri, 2010).

Technological frames describe the assumptions, expectations, and knowledge

that an actor uses to understand a technology’s application and

consequences in a particular context.

Understanding technological development, use, and change in

organizations is largely dependent on these interpretations of technology,

which we refer to as technological frames. We propose that challenges and

conflicts related to the creation, use, and modification of technology may arise

where the technical frames of important groups in organizations such as

managers, technologists, and users are markedly dissimilar (Orlikowski and

Gash, 1994).

The Goal Setting Theory is a productivity theory that examines the

processes through which goals affect behavior and how these processes can

be modulated by task complexity, commitment level, importance of the goal,

degrees of self-efficacy, feedback, and goal features like difficulty and

specificity (Laranjo, 2016).

Goals engage four systems that lead to this improved performance.

First, goals direct attention and effort away from unrelated activities and

toward goal-relevant activities. Second, achieving goals motivates people to

work harder toward more difficult ones. Third, setting goals raises the degree

of perseverance that a person will show in order to reach the goal. The

arousal, discovery, and/or application of information pertinent to the activity

are the final indirect aims (Klotz et al., 2012).

Conceptual Framework

Profile of the ICAS Students:

Gender Effects of Technology
Age Addiction among students

Strand

Figure 1: Conceptual paradigm of the study

As shown in Figure 1, the independent variable is the profile of the

Immaculate Conception Archdiocesan School students, such as, gender, age

and strand. The dependent variable is the effects of technology addiction

among students.

Hypothesis

This study hypothesized that there is a significant difference on the

effects of technology addiction on the student’s productivity when categorized

according to Gender, Age, strand.

Operational Definition of Variable

To have a have a better understanding of this study, the following

variables are operationally defined:

Gender. It refers to the respondent’s gender affiliation which includes

male and female.

Age. It refers to the respondent’s age:16 below, 17-19, and 20 above.

Strand. It refers to the respondent’s academic track that they chose,

which includes STEM, HUMSS, ABM and GAS.

 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the research design, research locale,

population and sampling design, research instrument, validity and reliability of

the research instrument, data gathering procedure, and statistical treatment of

data.

Research Design

This study adopted the predictive-quantitative method of research.

Predictive research because this method allows the researchers to seek

existing data in search of its effect on a variable. Predictive research is chiefly

concerned with forecasting (predicting) outcomes, consequences, costs, or

effects. This type of research tries to extrapolate from the analysis of existing

phenomena, policies, or other entities in order to predict something that has

not been tried, tested, or proposed before (Wollman, n.d.). This is predictive

research because this study is trying to find or determine the effects of

technology addiction to the productivity of ICAS SHS Students.

Furthermore, this study uses quantitative approach because it will use

numerical data which will be obtained from the student- respondents using the

questionnaire-checklist. Quantitative methods place an emphasis on precise

measurements and the statistical, mathematical, or numerical analysis of data

gathered through surveys, questionnaires, polls, and other types of research,

as well as the manipulation of statistical data that has already been obtained

using computing methods.

Research Locale

This study will be conducted in Immaculate Conception Archdiocesan

School (ICAS) SHS Department located at P. Burgos St. Tetuan, Zamboanga

City, besides PNP Police Station. The school offers 4 academic strand: ABM,

HUMMS, GAS and STEM, with a total population of 425 enrolled SHS

students on school year 2022-2023.

Population and Sampling Procedure

To determine the sample size, stratified random sampling is used. The

respondents of this study are the randomly selected students of Immaculate

Conception Archdiocesan School. First, the researchers will calculate the

sample size of the overall population using Slovin’s Formula with a margin

error of 5%, then the researchers will divide them into different sub-groups

(strata) which is the 3 categories: Gender, Age, and Strand. Based on Table

1, their where 425 students and 101 were selected in grades 11 and 105 in

grade 12.

Table 1. Population and sample distribution by grade level

Grade Level N n

11 208 101

12 217 105

Total 425 206

Research Instrument

This study uses a questionnaire check list. Questionnaires are a useful

option when conducting postal surveys. It is cheaper than face-to-face

surveys and can be surveyed more quickly if the sample is highly dispersed.

(Nigel Mathers et. al., 2009).

The said Questionnaire has two parts. Part one is identifying the

personal data of the respondent, the second part is a check list questionnaire

consist of 10 statements on the effects of technology addiction on the

productivity of the students which have a 4 option in each described: 4-

strongly agree, 3-agree, 2-disagree, 1-strongly disagree this options serve a

quantification of the respondent discretions.

Validity and Reliability of the Research Instrument

The research instrument is based on the research questionnaire of the

study, the research instruments was shown to the research adviser to improve

and went to the panels of expert to evaluate the items of relevance for the

appropriateness and suitability of the questionnaires and the suggestions of

the panels where incorporated in the final draft, after the validity test 17 copy

of check list questionnaires are distributed on the senior high school students

of each grade level and strand, then the data from the questionnaires and

were encoded in word excel.

Data Gathering Procedure

First and foremost, the researchers have to devise a permission letter.

The permission letter will be presented to Sir Romeo J. Gabito and advisory

teacher of the selected class. If the permission is approved, the researchers

will distribute the survey questionnaires to the respondents to answer the

given statements in a short period of time.

Ethical Consideration

The research will be conducted in accordance with the ethical

guidelines. This includes the provision of fully informed consent of

respondents in the research; respect of privacy, confidentiality and anonymity

of the respondents, the awareness of the respondents’ right to withdraw from

the research at any time should they wish to do so. In order to protect the

anonymity of individual respondents and the institutions in which they are

connected, certain details will be deliberately omitted from the information

about the respondents which will be provided throughout the report.

The results of this study would not be used directly or indirectly against any of

the respondents.

Statistical Treatment of Data

To facilitate the analysis of data, the following measures using the

Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) will be employed:

 Frequency and Percentage. These measures will be used to

proportion of the respondents in relation to the total population when

categorized according to gender, age and strand.

Weighted Mean. This measure the significant difference on the effects

of technology addiction on the student’s productivity.

2- tailed t-test for independent samples. This measures the

significant difference on the effects of technology addiction on the student’s

productivity when categorized according to gender.

One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). This measures the

significant difference of technology addiction on the student’s productivity

when categorized according to age and strand.

 Permission Letter

IMMACULATE CONCEPTION ARCHDIOCESAN SCHOOL

M. Natividad St., Tetuan Zamboanga City

Rowena A. Elias
Assistant Principal

Dear Madam,

We are the grade 12 students of Immaculate Conception

Archdiocesan School and currently we are conducting a research study titled
“Effects of Technology Addiction to the Productivity of ICAS Student”. This
research paper aims to find out the effect of stress on the students’ academic
performance.

In this regard, we would like to request permission from your

good office to conduct the gathering of data from the SHS students. The
survey questionnaire will take at least 5-10 minutes to answer. The data
which will be collected from the SHS students will be treated confidential. The
result of this survey questionnaire will be used only for academic
performance.

We look forward for your positive reply.

Khyma P. Dandun
AJ Larrian C. Aranza
Kennedy V. Francisco
Researchers
Noted:
Romeo J. Gabito, Ed. D
Research Adviser
 Respondents Letter

Dear Respondents,

We, the graduating senior high school students of Immaculate

Conception Archdiocesan School are currently enrolled in Practical Research-
II with our research titled “Effect of Technology Addiction to the Productivity of
ICAS Student”, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the aforementioned
subject.

In this connection, we would like to ask your help by providing

us with the necessary data for our study. Please feel free to answer the
questionnaire, we will appreciate your support in this endeavor.

Thank you for your kind cooperation.

Khyma P. Dandun
AJ Larrian C. Aranza
Kennedy V. Francisco
Researchers
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