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    Anatomy of Orogenic Belts

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    Aisyah
    The document summarizes the key components of orogenic belts, including the foreland basin where sediments erode from uplifted mountains, the fold and thrust belt behind it containing deformed marine strata, the crystalline core of high-grade metamorphic rocks, the suture zone where oceanic crust was subducted, and accreted terranes that collided with the continent.

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    Anatomy of Orogenic Belts

    Uploaded by

    Aisyah
    173 views23 pages
    The document summarizes the key components of orogenic belts, including the foreland basin where sediments erode from uplifted mountains, the fold and thrust belt behind it containing deformed marine strata, the crystalline core of high-grade metamorphic rocks, the suture zone where oceanic crust was subducted, and accreted terranes that collided with the continent.

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    The document summarizes the key components of orogenic belts, including the foreland basin where sediments erode from uplifted mountains, the fold and thrust belt behind it containing deformed marine strata, the crystalline core of high-grade metamorphic rocks, the suture zone where oceanic crust was subducted, and accreted terranes that collided with the continent.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    173 views23 pages

    Anatomy of Orogenic Belts

    Uploaded by

    Aisyah
    The document summarizes the key components of orogenic belts, including the foreland basin where sediments erode from uplifted mountains, the fold and thrust belt behind it containing deformed marine strata, the crystalline core of high-grade metamorphic rocks, the suture zone where oceanic crust was subducted, and accreted terranes that collided with the continent.

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    of 23

    Anatomy of Orogenic

    Belts
    Orogenic Belts
    Orogenic Belts
    ► Foreland Basin

    ► Foreland Fold and


    Thrust Belt

    ► Crystalline Core

    ► Suture Zone

    ► Accreted Terrane
    Orogenic Belts

    ► Foreland Basin
    ► Foreland Fold and Thrust
    Belt
    ► Crystalline Core
    ► Suture Zone
    ► Accreted Terrane
    Foreland Basin
    Mountains ► Mass added to coast
    during orogenesis
    ► Continent flexes like a
    diving board
    Foredeep
    ► Produces an asymmetric
    Continent basin on the inland side of
    the mountains
    ► FORELAND BASIN (aka
    FOREDEEP)
    Foreland
    Basin

    ► The deepest part of the basin is adjacent to the mountain


    range
    ► Sediments derived from the rapid erosion of uplifted rocks in
    the mountains accumulate in the foreland basin
    Foreland
    Basin

    Cretaceous
    Interior
    Seaway
    ► Alluvial/Fluvial sediments accumulate
    adjacent to the mountains
    ► Marine sediments accumulate further
    inboard
    ► Grain size decreases with distance
    Catskill Foreland Basin

    ► Alluvial/Fluvial sediments accumulate adjacent to


    the mountains
    ► Marine sediments accumulate further inboard
    ► Grain size decreases with distance
    Foreland Basin
    ► Foreland sediments are generally undeformed or
    weakly deformed
    ► Open folds and young thrust faults common adjacent
    to the mountain ranges within the distal fold and thrust
    belt
    ► Generally unmetamorphosed to weakly
    metamorphosed
    ► Indicates that the basin formed relatively late in the
    development of an orogenic belt
    Fold and Thrust Belt

    ► Occurs behind the foreland basin


    ► Characterized by marine continental margin strata that
    have been faulted and folded
    ► Miogeoclinal strata are pushed over foreland sediments
    along thrust faults
    Fold and Thrust Belt

    ► Underlainby a sole fault, along which the


    deformed rocks are transported over
    undeformed rocks
    Fold and Thrust Belt

    ► Components of a Thrust Fault: Ramps and Flats


    Fold and Thrust Belt

    ► Duplex Structures form when thrust faults stack strata on top of


    itself
    Fold and Thrust Belt

    ► Youngest faults are at the front, resulting in steepening


    of the older faults behind them
    Fold and Thrust Belt

    ► Propagation of thrust faults can produce fault-


    cored folds
    Fold and Thrust Belt
    ► Intensityof deformation increases across
    the fold an thrust belts
     Open, upright folds are typical of the outer fold
    and thrust belt
     Overturned, tight folds are common in the inner
    fold and thrust belt

    ► Metamorphism increases from low to


    moderate (subgreenschist to amphibolite
    facies) across the fold and thrust belt
    Crystalline Core
    ► Composed of high-grade metamorphic and
    plutonic rocks
    ► Rocks commonly exhibit multiple
    generations of deformation
     Fold interference patterns are common
    Crystalline Core

    ► Faults are ductile in nature (shear zones)


    ► Folds are tight to isoclinal, and are commonly
    recumbent
     Produces nappes
    Crystalline Core

    ► Usually bounded by detachment faults (extension)


    ► Unroofs the deep roots of the mountain belt due
    to post-orgenic gravitational collapse
    Suture Zone
    ► Commonly contain slices
    of oceanic crust and
    mantle (Ophiolites)
     Pillow basalt
     Sheeted dike complexes
     Gabbros
     Peridotites (serpentinites)
    ► OBDUCTION of oceanic
    rocks as an ocean closes
    in a collision
    Suture Zone
    ► Commonly contain
    unusual metamorphic
    rocks: BLUESCHISTS
     Contain distinctive blue
    amphibole called
    glaucophane
     Forms under high
    pressure and low
    temperature
     Indicative of a
    subduction zone
    environment
    Cameron’s Line Suture
    Accreted Terrane
    ► The edge of an
    orogenic belt consists
    of rocks with a foreign
    origin
     Allochthonous terrane
    ► Continental fragment
    or island arc that
    collided with the
    continent and caused
    the orogeny

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