Practice Test 1 365

CALCULUS BC
SECTION I, Part A
Time ─ 60 minutes
Number of questions ─ 30

No calculator is allowed for problems on this part of the exam.

.

Directions: Solve each of the following problems, using the available space for scratchwork. After examining
the choices given, decide which is the best answer choice and fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet.
No credit will be given for anything written in the test book. Do not spend too much time on any one problem.

In this test:
(1) Unless otherwise specified, the domain of a function f is assumed to be the set of all real numbers x for
which f ( x) is a real number.

(2) The inverse of a trigonometric function f may be indicated using the inverse function notation f −1 or
with the prefix “arc” (e.g., sin −1 x = arcsin x ).

x − f ( x)
1. If lim f ( x) = 2 and lim g ( x) = −1 , then lim =
x →1 x →1 x →1
[ g ( x)] 2 + 1

1 1 1
(A) − (B) − (C) (D) nonexistent
5 2 2

π
2. If f ( x) = 2 tan x , then f ′( ) =
4

(A) ln 4 (B) ln 8 (C) ln16 (D) ln 32

366 Calculus BC

 ax − 3, if x ≤ 2
3. If f ( x) =  2 is continuous on (−∞, ∞) , what is the value of a ?
 x + a, if x > 2

(A) 7 (B) 5 (C) 3 (D) 1

4. If four equal subdivisions are used for the internal [1, 2] , what is the trapezoidal approximation
2
of ∫1 e1 x dx ?

1
(A) (e + e1 1.25 + e1 1.5 + e1 1.75 + e1 2 )
4
1
(B) (e + 2e1 1.25 + 2e1 1.5 + 2e1 1.75 + e1 2 )
4
1
(C) (e + 2e1 1.25 + 2e1 1.5 + 2e1 1.75 + e1 2 )
8
1
(D) (e + e1 1.25 + e1 1.5 + e1 1.75 + e1 2 )
8

d 1 3 
5.  sec x − sec x + 3 
dx  3 

(A) tan 4 x

(B) sec 2 x + tan 2 x

(C) sec 2 x − sec x tan x

(D) tan 3 x sec x

Practice Test 1 367

6. Which of the following sequences converge?

 4n   2 − 9   1 
n
I.   II.  n  III. n sin( ) 
 3n + 2   e   n 

(A) I only (B) I and II only (C) II and III only (D) I, II, and III

x
O (c,0)
R

y = f ( x)
( a, b)

y = g ( x)

7. The curves y = f ( x) and y = g ( x) shown in the figure above intersect at point (a, b) . The volume
of the solid obtained by revolving R about the x-axis is given by

2 2
[ g ( x)] [ f ( x)]
c c
(A) π ∫ dx − π ∫ dx
0 0

2 2
[ f ( x) ] [ g ( x)]
a c
(B) π ∫ dx − π ∫ dx
0 a

2
[ f ( x) − g ( x)]
c
(C) π ∫ dx
0

2 2
[ g ( x)] [ f ( x)]
a c
(D) π ∫ dx + π ∫ dx
0 a
368 Calculus BC

f ( h) − 1
8. If f ′(0) = −1 and f (0) = 1 then lim =
h →0 h

(A) −1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) − f ( x)

b
9. The length of a curve from x = a to x = b is given by ∫a 1 + sin 2 (2 x ) dx . Which of the following
could be the equation for this curve?

1 1
(A) y = sin(2 x) (B) y = cos(2 x) (C) y = − cos(2 x) (D) y = sin(2 x)
2 2

3  1+ n 1+ n 
3 6 3n
1+
10. If n is a positive integer, then lim e + e +  + e n  can be expressed as
n →∞ n  


3 3 4 4
(A) ∫0 e x dx (B) ∫0 e1+ x dx (C) ∫1 e x /3 dx (D) ∫1 e x dx

∞
11. ∑ e−n +1 ⋅ 2n =
n =1

e 2e e+2 e+2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2e − 1 e−2 e−2 2e
Practice Test 1 369

1
12. ∫ x2 + 2 x + 2
dx =

(A) arc tan( x + 1) + C

(B) arccot( x + 1) + C

1
(C) − ( x 2 + 2 x + 2) −2 + C
2
(D) ln( x 2 + 2 x + 2) + C

y
r =1

x
O

r = 1 − sin θ

13. Which of the following gives the area of the region inside the polar curve r = 1 − sin θ and outside the
polar curve r = 1 , as shown in the figure above?

1 2π
2 ∫π 
(A) (1 − sin θ ) 2 − 1 dθ


1 2π
2 ∫0 
(B) (1 − sin θ ) 2 − 1 dθ


1 π
2∫π 2
(C) (1 − sin θ ) 2 dθ

π
(D) ∫0 (1 − sin θ ) 2 − 1 dθ
 
370 Calculus BC

14. A population is modeled by a function P that satisfies the logistic differential equation
dP P  P
=  2 −  , where the initial population P(0) = 360 and t is the time in years.
dt 3  60 
What is lim P (t ) ?
t →∞

(A) 30 (B) 60 (C) 120 (D) 240

d2y
15. If x = et and y= (t + 1) 2 , then at t = 1 is
dx 2

−2 −2 2 2
(A) (B) 2
(C) (D)
e e e e2

16. A particle moves on the curve y = ln( x ) so that the x-component has velocity x′(t=
) et + 1
1
for t > 0 . At time t = 0 , the particle is at the point (2, ln 2) . At time t = 1 , the particle is at
2
the point

( )
(A) e 2 ,1

(
(B) e 4 , 2 )
 1 
(C)  (e + 1), ln(e + 1) 
 2 

 1 
(D)  (e + 2), ln(e + 2) 
 2 
Practice Test 1 371

t 0 1 2 3 4 5

1 1
v(t ) 2 0 −2 − 0
2 2

17. The table above gives selected values of the velocity, v(t ) , of a particle moving along the x- axis.
At time t = 0 , the particle is at the point (1, 0) . Which of the following could be the graph of the
position x(t ) , of the particle for 0 ≤ t ≤ 5 ?

(A) x(t ) (B) x(t )

3 3
2 2
1 1
x x
O 1 2 3 4 5 O 1 2 3 4 5
−1 −1

(C) x(t ) (D) x(t )

3 3
2 2
1 1
x x
O 1 2 3 4 5 O 1 2 3 4 5
−1 −1

18. An object moves along a curve in the xy-plane so that its position at any time t ≥ 0 is given
by (t 2 + 1, tet / 2 ) . What is the speed of the object at time t = 2 ?

(A) 3.946 (B) 4.822 (C) 6.749 (D) 8.615

372 Calculus BC

∞ 1
19. What are all values of p for which ∫1 p
x
dx converges?

(A) p < 1 (B) p > 1 (C) p < 0 (D) p < −1

ln x
20. ∫ x2
dx =

1
(A) x ln x − +C
x3
1
(B) x ln x + +C
x
1
(C) − x ln x − +C
x
ln x 1
(D) − − +C
x x

21. Which of the following series converge?

∞ ∞ ∞
n−2 3n + 4n
I. ∑ n(n + 7)
II. ∑ 5n
III. ∑ ne−n
n =1 n =1 n =1

(A) I only (B) II only (C) I and II only (D) II and III only
Practice Test 1 373

d
22. (arcsin e x 2 ) =
dx

ex 2 ex 2 ex 2 ex 2
(A) (B) − (C) (D) −
1 − ex 2 1 + ex 2 1 − ex 2 1 − ex

∞
(4 x − 1) n
23. What are all values of x for which the series ∑ n 4n
converges?
n =1

3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5
(A) − <x< (B) − ≤x< (C) − <x≤ (D) − ≤x≤
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

24. Let f be a function that is differentiable on the open interval ( −1,8 ) . If f (−1) =7 , f (5) = 7 ,
and f (8) = −2 . Which of the following must be true?

I. There exists a number k in the interval (−1,5) , such that f (k ) = 3 .

II. f has at least one zero.

III. The graph of f has at least one horizontal tangent.

(A) None
(B) II only
(C) I and II only
(D) II and III only
374 Calculus BC

dy 1
25. If = y 2 sec 2 x and y (0) = , then y =
dx 2

1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 cos x 1 + cos x 2 − sin x 2 − tan x

y
II

III

x
O

26. Three graphs labeled I, II, and III are shown above. They are the graphs of f , f ′ , and f ′′ . Which of
the following correctly identifies each of the three graphs?

f f′ f ′′
(A) I II III
(B) II I III
(C) III I II
(D) I III II

∞
∫0 xe − x dx =
2
27.

1 1
(A) − (B) 0 (C) (D) ∞
2 2
Practice Test 1 375

x f ( x) f ′( x) f ′′( x)

1 −2 −3 4
2 1 2 −1

28. The table above gives values of f , f ′ , and f ′′ at selected values of x . If f ′′ is continuous everywhere,
2
then ∫1 f ′′(t ) dt =

(A) 5 (B) 3 (C) −3 (D) −5

29. The position of a particle moving along a line is given by s (t ) =t 3 − 15t 2 + 14 for t ≥ 0 . For what
values of t is the speed of the particle increasing?

(A) t > 10 only

(B) 5 < t < 10 only
(C) 3 < t < 5 and t > 10
(D) 0 < t < 5 and t > 10

1 − cos x
30. A series expansion of is
x

1 x x2 (−1) n −1 x n −1
(A) − + − + +
3! 5! 7! (2n + 1)!

1 x x2 (−1) n −1 x n −1
(B) − + − + +
2! 4! 6! (2n)!

x x2 (−1) n −1 x n −1
(C) 1 − − − + +
2! 4! (n − 1)!

x x 2 x3 (−1) n −1 x n
(D) − + − + +
2! 4! 6! (2n)!
376 Calculus BC

CALCULUS BC
SECTION I, Part B
Time ─ 45 minutes
Number of questions ─ 15

A graphing calculator is required for some problems on this part of the exam.

Directions: Solve each of the following problems, using the available space for scratchwork. After examining
the choices given, decide which is the best answer choice and fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet.
No credit will be given for anything written in the test book. Do not spend too much time on any one problem.

In this test:

(1) The exact numerical value of the correct answer does not always appear among the choices given. If this
occurs, select the number that best approximates the exact numerical value from the choices given.

(2) Unless otherwise specified, the domain of a function f is assumed to be the set of all real numbers x for
which f ( x) is a real number.

(3) The inverse of a trigonometric function f may be indicated using the inverse function notation f −1 or
with the prefix “arc” (e.g., sin −1 x = arcsin x ).

31. The rate of consumption of a certain commodity, in thousand units per month, is given
by C ( x) = 12e0.112 x , where x represents the number of months. What is the average rate
of consumption of the commodity, in thousand units, over the first 6 month period?

(A) 1.085 (B) 1.384 (C) 1.506 (D) 1.916

1 −t
32. A particle moving in the xy-plane has velocity vector given by v(t ) = , for time
1− t 21− t2
t ≥ 0 . What is the magnitude of the displacement of the particle between time t = 0 to t = 0.8 ?

(A) 0.877 (B) 1.058 (C) 1.099 (D) 1.206

Practice Test 1 377

33. Let f be the function given by f ( x) = x 2 + 3 x − 1 . If the tangent line to the graph of f at x = 1 is
used to find an approximate value of f , which of the following is the greatest value of x for which
the error resulting from this tangent line approximation is less than 0.3?

(A) 1.3 (B) 1.4 (C) 1.5 (D) 1.6

Light
10 ft Ball at time t = 0

40 ft ⇓

Shadow
⇐

34. A light shines from the top of a pole 40 feet high. A ball is dropped from the same height from a point
10 feet away from the light, as shown in the figure above. If the position of the ball at time t is given
by y (t=
) 40 − 16 t 2 , how fast is the shadow moving one second after the ball is released?

(A) −16 ft /sec (B) −32 ft /sec (C) −40 ft /sec (D) −50 ft /sec

x2
35. The base of the solid is an elliptical region enclosed by the graph of + y2 =1 . If cross sections of
4
the solid perpendicular to the y-axis are isosceles right triangles with the hypotenuse in the base, what
is the volume of the solid?

16 20 26
(A) (B) (C) 8 (D)
3 3 3
378 Calculus BC

3x 2
36. If f ( x) = and g is an antiderivative of f such that g (4) = 6 , then g (1) =
x4 + 5

(A) 1.655 (B) 2.704 (C) 3.862 (D) 4.704

5π
37. A curve is defined by the polar equation r = 1 + 3sin θ . When θ = , which of the following
6
statements is true of the polar curve?

(A) The curve is closest to the origin.

(B) The curve is getting farther from the origin.
(C) The curve is getting closer to the origin.
(D) The curve has a horizontal tangent.

x3 x5 x 7 (−1) n x 2 n +1
38. The graph of the function represented by the Maclaurin series x − + − + + +
2! 4! 6! (2n)!
intersects the graph of ln x at x =

(A) 0.735 (B) 0.916 (C) 1.347 (D) 1.466

Practice Test 1 379

39. The equation of a polar curve is given by r= 3 + sin 5θ . What is the angle θ that corresponds to
the point on the curve with x-coordinate 2?

(A) 0.516 (B) 0.628 (C) 0.705 (D) 0.844

40. What is the length of the curve y = x ln x from x = 1 to x = 2 ?

(A) 1.548 (B) 1.713 (C) 1.952 (D) 2.043

x x
41. Let h be the function given by=
h( x ) ∫0 4(x − 2) cos( ) dx . Which of the following statements
2
about h must be true?

I. h is increasing on (0, 2) .
II. h′(3) > 0 .

III. h(3) < 0 .

(A) I only (B) II only (C) III only (D) II and III only
380 Calculus BC

42. The number of bacteria in a colony increases at a rate proportional to the number present. If the
colony starts with one bacterium and doubles every half-hour, how many bacteria will the colony
contain at the end of 12 hours?

(A) 4096 (B) 65,536 (C) 1.049 × 106 (D) 1.678 × 107

43. The velocity of a particle moving along the y-axis is given by v(t ) = t 3 − 5t 2 + 2t + 8 for 0 ≤ t ≤ 10 .
Which of the following expressions gives the change in position of the particle during the time the
particle is moving downward?

4
(A) ∫2 (t 3 − 5t 2 + 2t + 8) dt

4
(B) ∫0 (t 3 − 5t 2 + 2t + 8) dt

4
(C) ∫2 (3t 2 − 10t + 2) dt

3.23
(D) ∫0 (t 3 − 5t 2 + 2t + 8) dt
Practice Test 1 381

dy xy
44. Let y = f ( x) be the solution to the differential equation = 1− with the initial condition
dx 2
f (0) = 1 . What is the approximation for f (1) if Euler’s method is used, starting at x = 0 with
a step size of 0.5?

(A) 1.5 (B) 1.65 (C) 1.762 (D) 1.813

4 4
45. Let P ( x) =−
x 2 x 2 + 2 x3 − x be the fourth-degree Taylor polynomial for the function f
3
about x = 0 . What is the value of f (4) (0) ?

32 16
(A) −32 (B) −16 (C) − (D) −
3 3
382 Calculus BC

CALCULUS BC
SECTION II, Part A
Time ─ 30 minutes
Number of problems ─ 2

A graphing calculator is required for these problems.

y
x2
y= 2 −
4
y=3x

R
x
O

1. Let R and S be the region in the first quadrant as shown in the figure. The region R is bounded
x2
by the x- axis and the graph of y= 2 − and y = 3 x . The region S is bounded by the y-axis
4
x2
and the graph of y= 2 − and y = 3 x .
4

(a) Find the area of R .

(b) Find the area of S .

(c) The region R is the base of a solid. For this solid, each cross section perpendicular to the
x-axis is a square. Find the volume of this solid.
Practice Test 1 383

2. A particle moves along the x-axis with its velocity given by v(t ) = t ln(t 2 ) for t ≥ 0 .
At time t = 0 , the position of the particle is x(0) = −1 .

(a) Find the acceleration of the particle at time t = 0.5 .

(b) Is the speed of the particle increasing or decreasing at time t = 0.5 ?

Give a reason for your answer.

(c) Find the time, t ≥ 0 , at which the particle is farthest to the left. What is the distance
between the particle and the origin when it is farthest to the left?

(d) Find the position of the particle at time t = 0.5 . Is the particle moving toward the origin
or away from the origin at time t = 0.5 ? Justify your answer.
384 Calculus BC

CALCULUS BC
SECTION II, Part B
Time ─ 60 minutes
Number of problems ─ 4

No calculator is allowed for these problems.

y
4
r=
1 + sin θ
2

R
x
−4 −2 O 2 4

−2

4
3. The figure above shows the graph of the polar curve r = . Let R be the shaded region
1 + sin θ
bounded by the curve and the x-axis.

dr π dr π
(a) Find at θ = . What does the value of at θ = say about the curve?
dθ 6 dθ 6

(b) Set up, but do not evaluate, an integral expression that represents the area of the polar region R ,
4
using the equation r = .
1 + sin θ

4 1
(c) Show that r = can be written as the equation y =
− x2 + 2 .
1 + sin θ 8

1
(d) Use the equation y =
− x 2 + 2 to find the area of the region R .
8
Practice Test 1 385

t
(hours) 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24
P (t )
(gallons / hour) 700 620 760 1040 1200 1120 960 920 680

4. The rate of fuel consumption in a factory, in gallons per hour, recorded during a 24-hour period
is given by a twice differentiable function P of time t . The table of selected values of P(t ) ,
for the time interval 0 ≤ t ≤ 24 , is shown above.

(a) Use the data from the table to find an approximation for P ′(7.5) . Indicate the units of measure.

(b) The rate of fuel consumption is increasing the fastest at time t = 7.5 minutes. What is the value
of P ′′(7.5) ?

(c) Approximate the average value of the rate of fuel consumption on the interval 12 ≤ t ≤ 24 using
a left Riemann sum with the four subintervals indicated by the data in the table above.

(d) For 12 ≤ t ≤ 24 hours, P(t ) is strictly a decreasing function of time t . Is the data in the table
consistent with the assertion that P ′′(t ) < 0 for every x in the interval 12 < t < 24 ?
Explain your answer.
386 Calculus BC

dy
5. Consider the differential equation =− x − y .
dx

(a) On the axis provided, sketch a slope field for the given differential equation at the eight
points indicated, and sketch the solution curve that passes through the point (0, −1) .

x
−1 O 1 2

−1

−2

(b) Let f be the function that satisfies the given differential equation with the initial condition
f (0) = −1 . Use Euler’s method, starting at x = 0 with two steps of equal size, to approximate
f (−0.4) . Show the work that leads to your answer.

(c) The solution curve that passes through the point (0, −1) has a local maximum at x = ln 2 .
What is the y - coordinate of this local maximum?

d2y
(d) Find in terms of x and y . Determine whether the approximation found in part (b) is
dx 2
less than or greater than f (−0.4) . Explain your reasoning.

x3 x5 x 7 (−1) n x 2 n +1
6. The Maclaurin series for tan −1 x is tan −1 x =x − + − + + + .
3 5 7 2n + 1
tan −1 x
The continuous function f is defined by f ( x) = for x ≠ 0 and f (0) = 1 .
x

(a) Write the first three nonzero terms and the general term for the Maclaurin series of f ′( x) .

(b) Use the result from part (a) to find the sum of the infinite series
2 1 4 1 6 1 (−1) n (2n) 1
− ⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅ 2 + + ⋅ n −1 + .
3 3 5 3 3 7 3 3 2n + 1 3 3

x
(c) Let g be the function given by g ( x) = ∫ f (t ) dt . Find the first four nonzero terms and
0
the general term for the Maclaurin series representing g ( x) .

1 1 1
(d) Show that 1 − + approximates g (1) with an error less than .
32 52 40