MEJ Catalog

EXPANSION
JOINTS
TECHNICAL DESIGN CATALOG
SHARING OUR TECHNOLOGY
AND EXPERIENCES
PROVIDING
THE VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
Expansion Joints are crucial to the successful operation of pipelines and
are used extensively in power plants, steel plants, refineries, petrochemical, chemical,
desulphurization, pulp and paper, mining and other sectors.
With these expansion joints, the plant life will be much extended by reducing stress in
the pipelines and protecting the equipment and systems there.
Megaflexon has specially engaged in expansion joint industry and devoted ourselves
to research, development, and manufacture of the high level of expansion joints in
quality and reliability. Based on our accumulated technology and experience, all of
our staff have an in-depth understanding of each industrial application and have
done our utmost to meet customers’ specific needs and requirements.
As an expert in expansion joint industry, we never stop exploring new solutions for
expansion joint applications, and will continuously provide high-quality products and
on-site service to our customers.
▲ RAPID P1 PROJECT EXPANSION JOINTS SUPPLY VIEW
2
INDEX
Milestones 04
Engineering Applications 06
Major Customers 07
Design and Engineering Capabilities 09
Testing and Quality Assurance 10
Certifications 12
Bellows Manufacturing 15
Various Type of Bellows 16
Bellows Monitoring 20
Bellows Movements and Spring Rates 22
Basic Types of Expansion Joints 24
End Connections & Accessories 28
Material Selection Guidelines 32
Shipping & Handling 35
Unrestrained Expansion Joints 36
Restrained Expansion Joints 39
For Fluid Catalytic Cracking Units (FCCU) 50
For Propane De-Hydrogenation (PDH) 52
For Heat Exchanger Expansion Joints 54
Penetration Seals Expansion Joints for HRSG Boilers 57
Rectangular Expansion Joints 58
Data Sheets 64
Experience Records Latest Projects 94
Metallic Expansion Joints 3

Milestones
1986
Founded
Manufacturing Metallic
and Rubber Expansion
2002
Joints
Obtained CE and PED mark 2006

issued by Bureau Veritas
Obtained Patents,
· Expansion Joints with Automatic
Pressure Control Device
· 2Ply Bellows Expansion Joint & Process
2007
Achieved US Ten Million
2003 Dollars Export Records
Developed expansion
joint design for GRP/FRP
1997 pipelines
Obtained ISO 9001
issued by TUV
4
2009
· Obtained ASME “U” “S” “PP” Stamp
2012
Contracted to supply GIS bellows
to Hyundai Heavy Industry
2020
(1,700~2000 sets per year)
Obtained ISO 45001
· Won the Presidential issued by ABS
Citation at the 39th
Industrial Technology
Contest of Korea
2015
Made a contract for Petronas
RAPID P1 RFCC project which
2013 reaches about US Ten Million Dollars
Obtained Patents,
2010 Design and Process of
Obtained ISO 14001 Dismantling Joints
issued by ICR
Renewal CE and PED mark

issued by HPi Verification
Services (Ireland) Ltd.

Samsung Heavy Industries Succeeds in
Building World’s largest FLNG and Megaflexon
supplied boiler system expansion joints.
ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS
Expansion joints have a wide range of applications, and each expansion joint is designed based on its unique environmental and
installation conditions - pressure, temperature, movements, space, and/or corrosion, etc. The applications of our expansion
joints include the following:
• Oil Refineries Industry • Pressure Vessel Manufacturing

• Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry • Automotive Industry
• Fossil Fuel Power Generation • Instrumentation Industry
• Nuclear Power Plant • Waste Water Treatment
• Desalination Power Plant • Cryogenics Industry
• Petrochemical Industry • Marine Applications
• District Heating • Pulp and Paper
• Iron-And Steel mills
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OUR STAGE IS THE WORLD
Megaflexon has supplied our quality products to worldwide leading partners located in America, Europe, Middle East and Asia.
As an expansion joint specialist, we do every possible effort to produce the very best products which meet customers’ demands
and requirements. As usual, we will do our best to be the benchmark of this industry.
Major Customers
OVERSEAS DOMESTIC

PROVIDING EXPANSION JOINT RELIABILITY
AND EFFICIENCY
As one of the world’s leading expansion joint manufacturers, Megaflexon supplies a wide variety of metal, rubber and
fabric expansion joints and related field services for projects worldwide. Through continuous support and the development
of progressive expansion joint technology. Megaflexon has become a leading source for our customers offering long-term
solutions to problems associated with expansion joints, related components and services.
Megaflexon has designed, manufactured and supplied custom and standard expansion joints for piping and ducting systems
in the chemical, foundry, marine, mining, oil & gas, petrochemical, power generation, water & waste water system industries
as well as many related original equipment manufacturers (ie; gas/steam turbine, HRSG boiler, heat exchanger and fuel cell
manufacturers).
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DESIGN AND ENGINEERING CAPABILITIES
Our engineers use innovative design technology and 3D Modeling computer programs to analyze the performance of the
bellows element and supporting hardware. The forming and welding equipment used in the manufacture of expansion joints
incorporates computer aided tooling to produce components faster, at a lower cost, and with the highest quality available.
MEGAFLEXON designs every expansion joint in compliance with EJMA standards and also designs in accordance with ASME
Sec. VIII, Div. 1, ASME B31.3 or ASME B31.1 upon request.
Our team uses the most advanced tools necessary to design safe and
reliable expansion joints. Using state of the art software, MEGAFLEXON can
design an expansion joint to meet your specifications while reducing cost.
Megaflexon utilizes a 3D-solid parametric modeling system, which provides
the most accurate representation of geometry and interference/clearance
verification available. This feature based solid modeler provides designers with
full associativity among all engineering disciplines; enabling a revision to be
made anywhere in the development process and the change will be reflected
throughout the entire design of the component.

TESTING AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
As an approved ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 45001 organization, Megaflexon is dedicated to providing quality products and
solutions backed with a complete guarantee. With our comprehensive quality assurance program, our products are inspected
and evaluated extensively through each stage of production.
Megaflexon quality team is capable of performing all types of nondestructive testing such as radiography, ultrasound, mass
spectrometer, magnetic particle, hydrostatic or pneumatic test and liquid penetrate inspection. We can also include x-ray
testing, cycle testing, spring rate testing, hardness testing, impact testing, pneumatic testing, leak detection and positive
material identification (PMI) as part of our quality assurance program. Megaflexon also holds an ASME “U”, “S”, “PP” stamps
and CE PED certificate.
▲ Well-used ASME Stamp
·검사장면
▲ Positive Material Identification (PMI) ▲ Pneumatic Testing
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Metallography Test Mechanical Test
Metallography can identify the characteristics and composition Material properties such as strength, ductility, crack, etc can
of metal structure through research and observation in be easily determined through a mechanical test.
association with mechanical and physical properties in metals
and alloys.
Intergranular corrosion. (200X)
▲ Metallurgical Microscope ▲ Mechanical Testing Equipment
Performance Test [Axial & Lateral Movement]
· Diameter : Max. 4,500mm · Axial Movements : Max. ± 200mm

[CAPACITY]
· Length : Max. 20,000mm · Lateral Movements : Max. 1500mm
▲ Functional Test On DN 1400 (56”) X 8500mmL (Lateral Deflection 800mm)
According to customer requirements, the functional test was carried out on DN 1400 (56") X 8500mmL under test pressure 15
Kgf/㎠ in the presence of customers. The purpose of the functional test is to check the lateral movement and axial movement
can reach to the designed 800mm and +/-50mm, respectively.

CERTIFICATIONS
Megaflexon declares that Quality and Service are our most
TOP priority. We always put quality and service on our most
top priority and will make sure to deliver zero-defect products
and service on time to our customers.
In order to ensure our quality commitment, our degreed
quality specialists do strictly carry out all required activities
for quality assurance.
· The National Board Certificate
· ASME “U” Stamp · ASME “S” Stamp · ASME “PP” Stamp
12
· CE PED Certificate
· ISO 9001 Certificate · ISO 14001 Certificate · ISO 45001 Certificate

BELLOWS MANUFACTURING
Megaflexon manufactures bellows using an expanding
mandrel (punch forming) method followed by a finish rolling.
A rectangular sheet is sheared and rolled into a tube. The
tube is welded using an auto flat-bed welder with no filler
metal added.
The longitudinal seam weld is then planished back down to
the base material thickness. Dye penetrant, X-ray, or air
testing is performed at this stage.
After testing, the convolutions are punched individually
drawing material from the top and bottom of the tube.
The drawing process eliminates any possible thinning in
the bellows material. Then, the re-rolling process and then
trimming process will follow.
In addition to this, Megaflexon manufactures bellows using
a variety of machines, including hydraulic forming machines
▲ Hydraulic Forming Machine (Max. : 2,200mm)
and automatic hydraulic forming machines.
▲ Automatic Longitudinal Seam Welding Machine ▲ Automatic Hydraulic Forming Machine (Max. 750mm)
▲ Hydraulic Mandrel Punch Forming Machine (Max. : 4,500mm)
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Pipe Expanding Machine
• 1000 tons
• MAX. 3500 mm / Thickness 50 t
▲ Expanding Machine ▲ Expanded Single Hinge Type Expansion Joints
▲ Thickness Measurement (52mm) / ASTM A516 Gr70 ▲ Expanded Pipe View / ASTM A240 TP 321H / 20T
50mm expanded from original diameter 1800mm 75mm expanded from original diameter 2400mm

VARIOUS TYPE OF BELLOWS
Bellows may be either U-shaped or toroidal (Ω-shaped)
in cross-section. The U-shaped bellows is superior for
great deflection but has a lower pressure capacity for the
same material thickness. Conversely, toroidal (Ω-shaped)
bellows is limited to small deflection but has a higher
pressure capacity. The use of external reinforcement of the
U-shaped can provide a combination of great deflection and
high internal pressure capacity, and the pressure capacity
can also be increased by the use of multi-ply construction
or by increasing the material thickness of the bellows. The
U-shaped bellows is mostly manufactured and used in
industries, and the Ω-shaped bellows has limited application
in case of high pressure and small deflection requirements.
Megaflexon manufactures bellows using a variety of
methods, such as hydroforming and hydraulic mandrel
punch forming etc. Hydroform process is used for relatively ▲ HIGH CORRUGATION BELLOWS
small bellows forming, and hydraulic mandrel punch forming
process is used for relatively large bellows forming (up to
4500mm). Although the forming method is different, both
ways are providing efficient ways of uniform structure with
adequate dimensional accuracy.
▲ MIDDLE CORRUGATION BELLOWS
▲ OMEGA BELLOWS
▲ MULTI-PLY BELLOWS ▲ TOROIDAL BELLOWS
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High Corrugation Bellows Middle Corrugation Bellows
Nominal Dia 300A - 4500A Nominal Dia 1000A - 4500A
• Stainless Steel-Type 300 • Stainless Steel-Type 300

Austenitic Series Austenitic Series
• Super Duplex Stainless Steel • Super Duplex Stainless Steel
Materials
• Nickel Alloys Materials
• Nickel Alloys
• Hastelloy • Hastelloy
• Titanium • Titanium
• Zirconium • Zirconium
• Hayness 230 & etc. • Hayness 230 & etc.
Features Features
• Excellent flexibility comes from the high convolution • Flexible & bellows in large size formed with 2ply of 0.3t
and long fatigue life. ~ 1.2t plates.
• Bellows forming method : Hydraulic forming & hydraulic • Bellows Forming Method : Hydraulic forming &
mandrel punch forming Hydraulic Mandrel Punch Forming

Omega Bellows Toroidal Bellows
Nominal Dia 25A - 1800A

Features
The Toroidal Bellows are mainly designed for high-pressure
• Stainless Steel-Type 300
Austenitic Series application where needs small amounts of movement. The
majority of these joints are designed for Heat Exchanger in
• Super Duplex Stainless Steel
accordance with ASME Sec VIII, Div-1, Appendix 26, and
Materials
• Nickel Alloys
also as per EJMA for other applications. The natural stability
• Hastelloy
of a circle under internal pressure allows the thin-walled
• Titanium
toroid element to withstand pressures that an apparently
• Zirconium
more stable multi-ply, reinforced bellows could not. The
• Hayness 230 & etc.
advantage of this design is its easy to manufacture with
a low material cost of bellows element and the stability
Features
of the expansion joint even at pressures well beyond the
• The convolution configuration is Omega shape which is design conditions. The only drawback is the small amount of
circles connected continuously and has superior fatigue
movement the joints can absorb, which when dealing with
life.
heat exchanger designs, is all that is required.
• Bellows Forming Method : Hydraulic forming
• Bellows Forming Method : Hydroforming
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Multi-Ply Bellows
Circumferential
Meridional
(Longitudinal to bellows centerline)
Collar Collar
Shell Shell
Telescopic Liner
Nominal Dia 50A - 4500A
• Stainless Steel-Type 300 Austenitic Series

• Super Duplex Stainless Steel
• Nickel Alloys
Materials • Hastelloy
• Titanium
• Zirconium
• Hayness 230 & etc.
Features
• Form up to 6 layers of thin stainless sheets layerd & laminated flexible ultrahigh
pressure bellows.
• Bellows Forming Method : Hydraulic forming & Hydraulic Mandrel Punch Forming

BELLOWS MONITORING
Bellows Monitoring Normal Two-Ply Monitoring
The use of multi-ply bellows on FCCU expansion joints or high Monitoring a normal two-ply design still offers great
temperature application expansion joints are widespread advantages for the operator. A very small leak through the
today. Various reasons exist for the use of multi-ply bellows, inner ply will normally not cause a catastrophic failure. The
ranging from redundant ply design to simple monitoring for indicator will show the leak and the unit can be shut down for
early warning of failure. repairs without a total failure of the unit.
Multi-ply Bellows Redundant Ply

Multi-ply bellows in themselves allow the bellows designer to Redundant ply designs offer safety and outage scheduling
design for higher movements combined with high pressure benefits. The intent is to enable the unit to continue to
and still achieve good cycle life. In laymen’s terms the thicker operate until the next scheduled outage even after one ply
the bellows wall thickness the lower the cycle life for a given has failed. The inner ply typically fails before the outer ply.
movement. By using two plies of a thinner material the cycle The operators can see the failure and plan for changing the
life will increase for the same movement without a dramatic unit at the next scheduled outage.
drop in pressure capability. A simple two ply bellows is
designed to use the strength of both plies to ensure pressure
capability. Redundant ply bellows are designed so that each
ply is strong enough to withstand the operating conditions
even after one ply fails. These types of multi-ply designs are
usually monitored to alert the user when one ply fails.
Threaded Rod Coupling

to Connect to Two-Ply
Wire Mesh Flow Test Port
Monitoring Device Testable Bellows
▲ Two-Ply Testable Bellows Design
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>> TWO-PLY TESTABLE BELLOWS MONITORING SOLUTION
The two-ply testable bellows (also referred to as a redundant ply design) can, in the majority of cases, provide early warning
about bellows failure. Alt-hough a representative sample performs in a statistically predictable way, any single expansion
joint’s exact fatigue life is unpredictable. Installation of two-ply testable bellows can, in a majority of cases, provide early
warning about bellows failure.
Many refineries use two-ply testable bellows especially in critical process equipment such as the FCC unit, but they are also
used in the spent catalyst standpipe, regenerated catalyst stand-pipe, recirculation cooled catalyst flue gas piping and the
turbo expander. Gas and steam turbine applications also find these bellows ideal in the exhaust, crossover and flue gas piping.
What is a two-ply testable bellows? Technical characteristics

A two-ply testable bellows consists of two plies of identical Two cylindrical tubes are formed with thin wire mesh between,
thickness, with a small cavity between the plies. to generate a cavity between the plies in the two-ply testable
The two-ply design is used when it is necessary to monitor bellows. The purpose of the mesh is to ensure that there is a
the integrity of the bellows inner or outer ply. Both plies flow path between the plies.
are designed for the full pressure and temperature cycles The test ports are placed at each end of the bel-lows, 180°
required. If one ply fails, the second will ensure pressure apart; a test port tube is welded to the outer bellows ply.
integrity and take over until a scheduled repair or replacement Typically, one test port will be blinded off with a pipe cap and
can be facilitated. This allows maintenance personnel to take the other con-nected to the desired monitoring device.
action and plan solutions accordingly to minimize downtime. Note: When installing an expansion joint with two-ply testable
bellows, test ports/valves must be kept open the first 24
hours to release any moisture or condensate that may have
collected between the plies during storage or manufacturing.
Active and passive monitors
There are various methods to monitor a two-ply testable
bellows, from simple pressure gauges to electronic sensing
devices. Overall they are cat-egorized as active and passive
monitors. Passive monitors utilize the line pressure to
indicate an inner ply failure. When the inner ply fails, the
inter-nal pressure between the plies activate the moni-
toring device. Passive monitors will only sense an inner ply
failure. Active monitors will detect both inner and outer ply
failures. A vacuum is created between the plies before the
monitoring device is installed. In case the inner ply fails, the
pres-sure between the plies will increase to the line pressure.
If the outer ply fails, the vacuum will be lost. In both cases the
monitoring device will be activated. Benefits of Two-Ply Testable Bellows
Monitoring devices used are most commonly pres-sure
gauges, pressure transducers and pop up detectors. Direct • Bellows monitoring (deterioration & leakage)
monitoring to the control room is also an option and can be • Early warning of leak detection
attached directly to the test ports.
• Two (2) plies designed for the full system design
In case the monitoring device indicates pressure between
conditions
the plies, our recommendation is (1) dur-ing operation,
use the bleeder valve to evacuate the pressure and close • Minimizing the risk of unplanned shutdowns
valve immediately. Then check for pressure build up. (2) If • The system can maintain operation while a
pressure builds up again, the inner ply may have cracks that suitable repair or replacement can be arranged
allow the system pressure to fill the space between the two
• Reduced downtime in services where the bellows
plies. A replacement bellows should then be considered.
failure could cause a forced outage

BELLOWS MOVEMENTS AND SPRING RATES
There are four basic movements that can be applied to a bellows. These are Axial, Lateral, Angular and Torsional. The below
figures illustrate these movements. Bellows behave like springs in a piping system. When they are compressed, the bellows
resist the movement the same as a spring would. The spring rate of a bellows is entirely dependant on bellows geometry and
material properties. We are able to vary bellows geometry such as convolution height, pitch, thickness and number of plies to
provide a bellows to satisfy any customer’s needs.
Axial Movement
Axial movement is the change in dimensional length of the bellows from its free length in a direction parallel to its longitudinal
axis. Compression is always expressed as negative (-) and extension as positive (+). The units for axial spring rates displayed
in N/mm.
▲ Axial Movement (+/- In) ▲ Single Tied Expansion Joint for Axial Movement
Angular Movement
Angular movement is the rotational displacement of the longitudinal axis of the bellows toward a point of rotation. The
convolutions at the inner most point are in compression (-) while those furthest away are in extension (+). The angular
capability of a bellows is most often used with a second bellows. The units for angular spring rates displayed in Nm/deg.
▲ Angular Movement (+/- Degrees) ▲ Single Hinged Expansion Joint for Angular Movement
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Lateral Movement
Lateral movement is the relative displacement of one end of the bellows to the other end in a direction perpendicular to its
longitudinal axis (shear).
Lateral movement can be imposed on a single bellows as depicted below but to a limited degree. A better solution is to
incorporate two bellows in a universal arrangement as shown. This results in greater offset movements and much lower offset
forces. The units for lateral spring rates displayed in N/mm.
▲ Lateral Movement (+/- Degrees)
▲ Tied Universal Expansion Joint for Lateral Movement ▲ Double Hinge Expansion Joint for Lateral Movement
Torsional Movement
Torsional movement is the rotation about the axis through the
center of a bellows (twisting). MEGAFLEXON expansion joints
discourage any torsional rotation of metal bellows expansion
joints. Torsion destabilizes an expansion joint reducing its
ability to contain pressure and absorb movement. If torsion is
present in a piping system, hinges, slotted hinges or gimbals
are recommended not to have any impact on bellows.
▲ Torsional Movement (+/- Degrees)

BASIC TYPES OF EXPANSION JOINTS
Unrestrained Assemblies
DEFINITION : Assemblies not capable of restraining the pressure thrust of the system. The pressure thrust must be
contained using main anchors or equipment.
Single Bellows
The simplest type of expansion joint consists of a single
bellows element welded to end fittings, normally flange or
pipe ends. The single bellows can absorb small amounts of
axial, lateral and angular movement with ease, but adequate
anchors and guides must be provided.
▲ Single Assembly
Universal Expansion Joint

This expansion joint consists of two bellows connected by a
center spool piece with flange or pipe ends. The universal
arrangement allows greater axial, lateral and angular
movements than a Single Bellows. Increasing the center
spool length produces increased movement capability. Like
the single, adequate anchors and guides must be provided.
▲ Universal Assembly
Externally Pressurized Expansion Joint

Line pressure acts externally on the bellows by means
of a pressure chamber. This allows a greater number of
convolutions to be used for large axial movements, without
fear of bellows instability. Externally Pressurized Expansion
Joints have the added benefit of self-draining convolutions
if standing media is a concern. Anchors and guides are an
essential part of a good installation.
▲ Externally Pressurized Assembly
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Restrained Assemblies
DEFINITION : Assemblies capable of restraining the pressure thrust of the system. Intermediate anchors are required to
withstand the spring force generated when the expansion joint is deflected. The need for main anchors is eliminated.
Tied Single Bellows

The addition of tie rods to a Single Bellows Assembly adds
design flexibility to a piping system. The tie rods are attached
to the pipe or flange with lugs that carry the pressure thrust
of the system, eliminating the need for main anchors. With
the assembly tied, the ability to absorb axial growth is lost.
Only lateral and angular movement can be absorbed with
the tied expansion joint. The addition of tie rods does not
eliminate the need for a well-planned guide system for the
adjacent piping.
▲ Tied Single Assembly
Tied Universal Expansion Joint

Similar in construction to a Universal Assembly except that
tie rods absorb pressure thrust and limit movements to lateral
offset and angulation. Large offset movements are possible
in a Universal Assembly by increasing the distance between
the two bellows.
▲ Tied Universal Assembly

Hinged Expansion Joint
When a Hinged Expansion Joint is used, movement is limited
to Angulation in one plane. Hinged Assemblies are normally
used in sets of two or three to absorb large amounts of
expansion in high pressure piping systems. Only low spring
forces are transmitted to the equipment. The hinge hardware
is designed to carry the pressure thrust of the system, and
used to limit torsional movement in a piping system. Slotted
Hinged Expansion Joints are a variant of the standard Hinged
Expansion Joints that allow axial and angular movement.
Important note: Once a Slotted Hinge is introduced, torsion
in the piping system is still resisted but the hinge no longer
carries pressure thrust.
▲ Hinged Assembly
Gimbal Expansion Joint

The gimbal restraint is designed to absorb system pressure
thrust and torsional twist while allowing angulation in any
plane. Gimbal Assemblies, when used in pairs or with a Single
Hinged unit, have the advantage of absorbing movements in
multi-planer piping systems. The gimbal works the same as
an automobile’s universal drive shaft.
▲ Gimbal Assembly
26
Pressure Balanced Elbow
Expansion Joint
These assemblies are used in applications where space
limitations preclude the use of main anchors. Pressure thrust
acting on the line bellows (bellows in the media flow) is
equalized by the balancing bellows through a system of tie
rods or linkages. The only forces transmitted to equipment
are low spring forces created by the axial, lateral, or angular
movements. An elbow must be present in the piping network
to install this style of expansion joint.
▲ Pressure Balanced Elbow Assembly
In-Line Pressure Balanced

Expansion Joint
If an elbow is not present in a piping network and pressure
thrust must be absorbed by the expansion joint, an In-
Line Pressure Balanced expansion joint is the solution. An
equalizing bellows with twice the effective area as the line
bellows is tied in the expansion joint through a series of
tie rods. The opposing pressure forces cancel each other
leaving only the low spring forces generated from the bellows
deflection.
▲ In-Line Pressure Balanced Assembly
Externally Pressurized Pressure Balanced

Expansion Joint
If large amounts of axial movement in a system are needed
and the expansion joint must absorb pressure thrust, an
Externally Pressurized Pressure Balanced expansion joint is
the solution. The opposing force balancing theory is similar to
the In-Line Pressure Balanced Assembly except the opposing
forces are generated from pressure acting on the outside of
the bellows.
▲ Externally Pressurized Pressure Balanced Assembly

END CONNECTIONS & ACCESSORIES
Flanges
Any flange style can be added to a bellows for bolting into a
system. Forged steel or plate flanges to match the pressure
and temperature ratings of ANSI Class 150 or ANSI Class 300
are standard.
▲ Flanged
Vanstone Ends
Vanstone ends are modified flanged ends with the added
flexibility for resolving bolt-hole misalignment or wetted
surface corrosion.
▲ Vanstoned
Weld Ends
Any pipe or duct can be attached to a bellows for welding
into a system. Pipe in accordance with ASTM A53 Gr. B or
A106 Gr. B is used for standard sizes 3 in. to 24 in. nominal
diameter. Plate to ASTM A36 or A516 Gr. 70 rolled and
welded is used for custom sizes 26 in. diameter. Stainless
steel or other alloy pipe can also be provided.
▲ Weld End
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Liners (Internal Sleeves)
When any of the following conditions exist:
A. When pressure drop must be minimized and smooth flow

is essential.
B. When turbulent flow is generated upstream of the

expansion joint by changes in flow direction.
C. When it is necessary to protect the bellows from media

carrying abrasive materials such as catalyst or slurry.
D. In high temperature applications to reduce the

temperature of the bellows. The liner is a barrier between
the media and the bellows.
▲ Flanged Joint with Liner
E. Where an internal sleeve is not provided the allowable
flow velocities shall not be greater than:
• 25 ft/sec (7.6 m/sec) for liquids
• 65 ft/sec (19.8 m/sec) for gases.
F. Drain holes should be provided for vertical installations

where liquid could become trapped inside the sleeve.
G. The internal sleeve material should normally be the same

as the bellows material. Other materials may be used
provided they are suitable for the application.
▲ Vanstone Joint with Liner
▲ Telescopic Liner

Tie Rods
Ties rods are devices, usually in the form of bars or rods,
attached to the expansion joint assembly and are designed to
absorb pressure loads and other extraneous forces like dead
weight. When used on a Single or Universal Style Expansion
Joint, the ability to absorb axial movement is lost.
*Spherical washer
Spherical washers are designed to create an exact, parallel
plane between the bolt head and the face of the nut. These
washers automatically adjust and compensate for the
angular deviation between the planes and prevent the bolt
from bending.
▲ Tie Rods Installed With Spherical Washers
Limit Rods
Limit rods are used to protect the bellows from movements
in excess of design that occasionally occurs due to plant
malfunction or the failure of an anchor. Limit rods do not
contain the pressure thrust during normal operation. Limit
rods are designed to prevent bellows over-extension or
over-compression while restraining the full pressure loading
and dynamic forces generated by an anchor failure. During
normal operation the rods have no function.
▲ Limit Rods Installed
Purge Connections
Purge connections are used in conjunction with internal
liners to lower the skin temperature of the bellows in high
temperature applications such as catalytic cracker bellows.
The purge media can be air or steam which helps flush out
particulate matter between bellows and the liner. This also
prevents the build up of harmful solids in the convolutions
that may stop the bellows from performing.
▲ Air Or Steam Purge Under Bellows
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Protective Covers And Shrouds
Covers and shrouds can be provided either fixed or removable. Fixed types are used where high velocity external steam
conditions exist such as in condenser heater connections. The removable type is the MEGAFLEXON standard and permits
periodic in service inspection.
They are also used to prevent damage during installation and operation or when welding is going to be performed in the
immediate vicinity. If the expansion joint is going to be externally insulated, a cover should be considered. MEGAFLEXON
always recommends covers for any expansion joint. The small cost increase is just economical insurance when compared to a
complete joint replacement.
▲ Weld End Joint with Cover ▲ Flanged Joint with Cover
Reinforcing Rings
As design pressure, diameter and temperature increase for an EJ, convolutions often required reinforcement to contain the
hoop stress in the thin-walled bellows. These reinforcing members are known as reinforcing rings (or root rings).
Reinforcing rings come in many forms and materials depending on the design conditions. The figure below shows several styles
of root rings.
Hollow Solid Welded Full Machined
▲ Various Reinforcing Ring Styles

MATERIAL SELECTION GUIDELINES
Bellows Material
Selection of the bellows material is the single most important factor to be considered in the design of an expansion joint.
Some of the factors, which influence the selection process, are as follows:
Factors Considerations
▶ Corrosion Properties Process media
Surrounding environment
Internal cleaning agents
▶ Mechanical Properties High temperature service

Cryogenic service
Operating stresses
▶ Manufacturing properties Forming and cold working capabilities

Cost and material availability
It is important for our enginners to have access to all the facts surrounding the bellows application before a material is
selected.
▲ Expansion joints are manufactured in a variety of austenitic stainless steels, nickel alloys and other materials such as Hastelloy
and Corten. Selection of the bellows material is one of the single most important factors to consider in the design of an
expansion joint.
32
■ STAINLESS STEEL-TYPE 300 AUSTENITIC SERIES
304 / 304L
304/304L (UNS S30400/S30403) is the most widely utilized “18-8” chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steel. It is an
economical and versatile corrosion resistant alloy suitable for a wide range of general purpose applications.
304H
304H (UNS S30400/ S30409) is a modification of the most widely utilized "18-8" chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steel.
The carbon content is controlled in the range of 0.04-0.10% for increased strength at temperatures above 800°F (427°C). It
is an economical and versatile corrosion resistant alloy suitable for a wide range of general purpose applications.
316 / 316L
316 (UNS S31600) and 316L (UNS S31603) are molybdenum-bearing austenitic stainless steels, which are more resistant
to general corrosion and pitting/crevice corrosion than the conventional chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steels such as
Alloy 304. These alloys also offer higher creep, stress-to-rupture, and tensile strength at elevated temperatures. In addition
to excellent corrosion resistance and strength properties, the Alloys 316 and 316L Cr-Ni-Mo alloys also provide excellent
fabricability and formability which are typical of the austenitic stainless steels.
316H
316H (UNS S31609) is a high carbon modification of Alloy 316 developed for use in elevated temperature service. The alloy
has higher strength at elevated temperatures and is used for structural and pressure vessel applications at temperatures
above 932°F (500°C). The higher carbon content of 316H also delivers higher tensile and yield strength than 316/316L and
its austenitic structure provides excellent toughness down to cryogenic temperatures.
321
321 (UNS S32100) is titanium stabilized austenitic stainless steel plate with good general corrosion resistance. It has
excellent resistance to intergranular corrosion after exposure to temperatures in the chromium carbide precipitation range
of 800 - 1500°F (427 - 816°C). The alloy resists oxidation to 1500°F (816°C) and has higher creep and stress rupture
properties than alloys 304 and 304L. It also possesses good low temperature toughness.
321H
321H (UNS S 32109) stainless steel plate is the higher carbon (0.04 - 0.10) version of the alloy. It was developed for
enhanced creep resistance and for higher strength at temperatures above 1000oF (537°C). In most instances, the carbon
content of the plate enables dual certification.
Others : Super Duplex Stainless Steel (UNS S31803, S32750, etc.)
■ NICKEL ALLOYS
Alloy 600
A Ni-Cr-Fe alloy with resistance to stress corrosion cracking and caustic corrosion, and with high-temperature strength
and oxidation resistance. Used for chemical and petrochemical processing, nuclear and automobile engineering and thermal
processing. Available as billet, rod and bar, flat products, seamless tubing and wire.
Alloy 625
A Ni-Cr-Mo Nb-stabilized alloy with resistance to aggressive media, particularly to crevice corrosion, pitting and high-
temperature oxidation. Used in aerospace, chemical processing, oil and gas extraction, pollution control, and marine and
nuclear engineering. Available as billet, rod and bar, flat products, seamless tubing and wire.

Alloy 625LCF
Similar to INCONEL alloy 625 but with composition and processing controlled for optimum resistance to mechanical and
thermal fatigue up to 1200°F (650°C). Widely used for bellows expansion joints. Available as flat products, notably as sheet
and strip.
Alloy 800
An alloy with strength and corrosion-resistance for use in chemical, petrochemical and food processing, for nuclear
engineering and for the sheathing of electrical heating elements. For use, generally, at temperatures below 1200°F (650°C).
Available as rod and bar, flat products, seamless tubing and wire.
Alloy 825
A Ni-Fe-Cr-Mo Ti-stabilized alloy with excellent resistance to sulfuric and phosphoric acids. Resistant to reducing and
oxidizing acids, pitting, stress-corrosion cracking and intergranular corrosion, it is used in chemical and petrochemical
processing, oil and gas extraction, pollution control, waste processing and pickling applications. Available as billet, rod and
bar, flat products, seamless tubing and wire.
Alloy 400 (Monel)

An alloy with strength and corrosion-resistance for use in chemical, petrochemical and food processing, for nuclear
engineering and for the sheathing of electrical heating elements. For use, generally, at temperatures below 1200°F (650°C).
Available as rod and bar, flat products, seamless tubing and wire.
Alloy 200
Alloy 200 can be used with sulfuric acid solutions at low or moderate temperatures. Aeration increases corrosion rates,
particularly in dilute acids. In concentrated acids, aeration decreases corrosion rates, possibly because of the formation of a
passive film, but Alloy 200 is seldom used in this service because other, more resistant materials are adequate.
HASTELLOY - C (C-276)
Offers resistance to reducing and mildly oxidizing environments, and is resistant to localized attack and to stress-corrosion
cracking. Used widely in the chemical and process industries and for aggressive environments in the pollution control
industry. Available as rod and bar, flat products, seamless tubing and wire.
Others : TITANIUM, HAYNESS 230 & etc.
■ Common Material Problems

Problem Cause Solution
Use A240-316, B443-625 or B42-

Galvanic reaction caused holes in a bellows.
Pitting Corrosion 825. Any other material that contains
Common in acidic medium.
molybdenum will also help.
Chlorides attacking austenitic stainless

Use a high nickel alloy (B168-600, B443-
Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking steel bellows (A240-304, A240-316,
625, B409-800)
A240-321)
At temperatures over 700 deg F, chromium Use a stabilized grade of stainless steel
carbides form in unstabilized grades of (A240-321, A240-347), low carbon
Carbide Precipitation
stainless steels (A240-304, A240-316). materials (A240-304L, A240-316L) or
Corrosion is the result. carbide precipitation resistant high alloy.
34
SHIPPING & HANDLING
Every expansion joint is provided with installation instructions. These instructions describe the simple, straightforward
requirements that must be followed to insure a trouble-free installation.
Shipping Bars
These are temporary attachments that "hold" the expansion joint at its correct installed length during shipping and installation.
Angle iron or channel section is used and is always painted bright yellow. Shipping bars must never be removed until after the
unit has been correctly welded or bolted into the piping system.
Caution: Tie rods or limit rods are sometimes mistaken for shipping bars. Never tamper with these attachments.
Note: Great care must be taken when removing the shipping bars. If a welding or burning torch is used, ALWAYS protect the
bellows element from burn splatter with a flame-retardant cloth or other shielding material.
Liners
When expansion joints are fitted with liners or internal sleeves, the unit is marked with an arrow indicating the direction of flow.
The expansion joint must be installed in the system with flow in the correct direction.
Flanged Assemblies
These should be correctly aligned with their mating flanges (vanstone flanges permit some rotational misalignment). If a
bellows is subjected to torsional forces due to hole misalignment, then reduced cycle life and/or bellows failure can occur.
Weld End Assemblies

The bellows elements should always be protected during the welding process with flame retardant cloth or other shielding
material. Weld splatter, arc strikes, or cutting torch sparks can cause serious damage to the thin bellows element.
Final System Check

After the installation has been completed and shipping bars
(yellow color) removed, check all anchors, guides, and
pipe supports. Slowly apply test pressure to the
system, checking for any unusual movement
of the bellows anchors or guides. If
movement is observed, immediately lower
the pressure and re-examine the system
for damage.
Note: Unless otherwise specified, all

expansion joints are designed for a test
pressure of 1.5 times the design pressure.
The test pressure can be changed

according to the customer's request,
design conditions, and test fluid
application method.
▶ Yellow shipping bars and setting

bars After installation these bars
must be removed.

UNRESTRAINED EXPANSION JOINTS:
Installation Guidelines
AXIAL MOVEMENT
SINGLE BELLOWS ASSEMBLY Axial unrestrained expansion joints are not provided with attachments such as tie rods or
hinges to restrain pressure thrust. Therefore, they can be used only in a piping system that incorporates correctly designed
anchors and pipe alignment guides. These components prevent the bellows from over extension and damage due to
distortion under operating conditions.
TYPES OF ANCHORS
Main Anchors are the most important to consider from a design standpoint.
They must resist the effects of all forces acting upon them. These are pressure
thrust, bellows spring resistance, frictional resistance of pipe guides, and inertial
forces at bends and elbows.
Intermediate Anchors are used to divide a long pipe run into shorter individual
▲ Pipe Alignment Guide Style 1 expanding sections, and should be structurally capable of withstanding bellows
spring resistance and frictional forces only. Pressure thrust forces at this juncture
are completely balanced and have no influence on the design of the anchor.
Directional Anchors permit movement in one direction only. The movement

is often parallel to the direction of the lateral movement in installations where
combinations of axial and lateral movements are encountered.
Pipe Alignment Guides are another essential part of a properly designed

▲ Pipe Alignment Guide Style 2
piping system. Thermal expansion in the system must be controlled so that the
movement applied to the bellows assembly is axial only. Pipe alignment guides
must be designed so they prevent bowing and buckling of the pipe. They should
also keep frictional forces resulting from movement of pipe across the guide to a
minimum.
Intermediate Pipe Alignment Pipe Reducer Main Anchor Single Bellows

▲ Pipe Alignment Guide Style 3 Anchors Guide Assembly
▲ Typical Unstrained System
36
Application Engineering:
SINGLE BELLOWS ASSEMBLY
Figure 1
This diagram shows the most basic application of a single bellows unrestrained type expansion joint.
Installation sequence is as follows:
1. Install one expansion joint between main anchors (MA).

2. Locate main anchors at change in direction of piping.
3. Locate expansion joint immediately adjacent to a main anchor.
4. Space first pipe alignment guide (G1) within four times of pipe diameters of expansion joint.
5. The remaining guides (G) should be spaced in accordance with the pipe guide spacing chart as reference document.
▲ Figure 1
Figure 2
When thermal expansion between the main anchors (MA) exceeds the capacity of a Single Bellows Assembly, then the pipe
system must be divided into smaller sections. The use of an intermediate anchor (IA) located between two Single Bellows
Assemblies or as an integral part of a Universal Bellows Assembly provides the best solution. Intermediate anchors, unlike main
anchors, are designed to withstand spring resistance and frictional forces only. Pressure thrust at this juncture is canceled out
because the effective areas of each of the bellows in the piping system are equal. Pipe alignment guides must be installed in
accordance with the guidelines established above.
▲ Figure 2

Figure 3
If two expansion joints of different pipe diameters are used in the same section of pipe, such as a line containing a reducer, the
pressure thrusts are no longer equal. In this case, the anchor dividing the expansion joints must be a main anchor designed to
withstand the difference in pressure thrust generated by the different size expansion joints. Pipe alignment guides (G1) and
(G2) and intermediate guides must be provided in the locations as shown in the diagram.
▲ Figure 3
Figure 4
A T piece located in a pipeline makes a convenient location for dividing the pipe system into three separate expanding sections.
The branch connection at this point is isolated from the effects of the thermal expansion present in the main pipe run. If
an expansion joint is located in the branch line as depicted, then the fixed point at this location must be a main anchor. It
is designed to absorb the pressure thrust of the branch line expansion joint. Pipe alignment guides must be provided in the
locations as illustrated in the diagram.
▲ Figure 4
38
RESTRAINED EXPANSION JOINTS:
Installation Guidelines
Tied Expansion Joints

Tied expansion joints can be of the Single or Universal Type provided with restraints such as tie rods, hinges or gimbals.
Tie rods and gimbals allow the expansion joint to move in all planes. Hinges allow movement in a single plane only. These
restraints are designed to absorb the pressure thrust and other external loads like pipe dead weight. For restraints to remain
effective, the expansion joint can absorb only lateral offset or angulation in directional changes in the piping system, such
as "Z" bends, "U" bends, or "S" bends. Tied units are used where the equipment or adjacent structures cannot accommodate
pressure thrust. The only forces experienced are low offset forces resulting from the lateral spring rate of the expansion joint
and friction forces of the pipe guides. Tied units are frequently used to protect the nozzles of pumps, turbines and condensers,
and to absorb expansion of ducting in elevated locations. Large amounts of expansion can be accommodated with resultant
low offset forces by providing a long center to center distance between the two sets of bellows.
Installation Requirements
Although the initial cost of a Tied Expansion Joint is greater than a Single Bellows Type, considerable savings on anchors and
guides can be achieved in certain applications.
Intermediate Pipe Alignment Planer Pipe Tied Bellows

Anchors Guide Guide Assembly
Hinged Bellows Gimbal Bellows Pressure Balanced

Assembly Assembly Assembly
▲ Typical Restrained Systems

TIED SINGLE ASSEMBLY

TIED UNIVERSAL ASSEMBLY
Figure 1
Tied Single Assemblies are often used to protect
rotating equipment from the effects of thermal
expansion in a piping system as shown. The tie rod
restraint is designed to absorb pressure thrust,
which in turn, allows the use of intermediate
anchors rather than main anchors. A planer pipe
guide or spring support hanger is used in the
system as shown, allowing the thermal growth
present in the vertical pipe leg to be taken as
natural flexibility in the long horizontal pipe run. ▲ Figure 1
Figure 2
There are many applications where thermal
movement in the piping system is too great for a
Tied Single Assembly. In these instances, a Tied
Universal Assembly is the correct choice. The
expansion joint assembly should be designed to
fill the offset leg as shown so that axial movement
within this pipe leg is absorbed by the bellows
assembly. It is good practice to keep the maximum
distance possible between the bellows. This results
in low offset forces on adjacent equipment and
structures. The center spool is usually supported
by the tie rods or spring hangers when center
▲ Figure 2 spools are long and diameters large.
Figure 3
Tied Universal Assembly is often used to absorb
thermal expansion in a multi-planer piping
system as shown. This feature allows their use
in a wide variety of different installations where
main anchors and pipe alignment guides cannot
be provided. The same design requirements as
mentioned above also apply in this case. Tied
Universal Assemblies are generally used to protect
compressors, pumps, and turbines.
They are also used to absorb thermal
expansion in elevated piping systems found in
oil refineries, power plants, and petrochemical
installations.
▲ Figure 3
40
HINGED BELLOWS ASSEMBLY

GIMBAL BELLOWS ASSEMBLY
Figure 1 Figure 2
When two Hinged Bellows Assemblies are installed in a "Z" This system of Hinged Bellows Assemblies is designed to
offset, as shown, they can absorb large amounts of thermal absorb thermal movement in both the horizontal leg and
movement in a piping system. The expansion joints should vertical offset leg. Location of the expansion joints should
be cold spring (pre-set in a deflected position) in order to be as follows: Make distance (L1) and (L2) the maximum
maximize their movement capability. The thermal expansion possible, (L3) minimum possible. The hinge restraint is
in the offset leg is absorbed by the natural flexibility of the designed to absorb pressure thrust and weight of the
horizontal pipe runs. Pressure thrust is contained by the pipe between the two Hinge Units. Forces on anchors and
hinge restraint, allowing intermediate type anchors to be equipment connections are reduced to friction and low offset
used. Planer pipe guides should permit the offset leg to swing forces.
through its movement arc as shown. It is good practice to
make (L1) the maximum possible and (L2) a minimum.
▲ Figure 2
▲ Figure 1

Figure 3 Figure 4
In a long piping system, the number of expansion joints The Two-Hinged Bellows Assembly system shown is often
can be reduced by incorporating four Hinged Assemblies used where a pipeline crosses a roadway or rail line that is
in a "U" bend system as shown. Pressure drop in the supported by a pipe bridge or trellis. The hinge restraint is
system is kept to a minimum, and pipe supports reduced in designed to support the center spool between the expansion
number when compared to a system using pipe loops. An joints in addition to the pressure thrust generated by the
intermediate anchor at the "U" bend Divides the system in system pressure.
two equal expanding pipe sections. Cold springing is used to The Hinged Assemblies can be cold spring, which further
increase the movement capability of the expansion joints. increases the overall movement capability of the expansion
joints. Offset forces are usually low, hence loads on the
bridge structure are kept to a minimum.
▲ Figure 4
▲ Figure 3
42
Figure 5 Figure 6
In a multi-planer piping system the use of two Gimbal Bellows There are many applications in a multi planer piping system
Assemblies in a multi-plane "Z" bend is the best solution. The where the horizontal pipe leg is not flexible enough to absorb
gimbal restraint allows thermal expansion in two planes as the thermal expansion in the offset leg. To accommodate
shown, while still absorbing the pressure thrust. The thermal this movement, a Single Hinged Bellows Assembly is used in
expansion in the offset leg is taken by the flexibility in the conjunction with the two Gimbal Bellows Assemblies in the
long horizontal pipe runs. The planer pipe guides shown locations shown. It is good practice to make (L1) and (L2) the
control the direction of this vertical movement. Intermediate maximum possible with (L3) a minimum. A regular pipe guide
anchors are used to contain the resultant low offset forces. must be used on the lower pipe leg, while a planer pipe guide
is used on the upper leg.
▲ Figure 5
▲ Figure 6

PRESSURE BALANCED ASSEMBLY
A Pressure Balanced Assembly is designed to

absorb axial movement and/or lateral deflection,
while absorbing pressure thrust. This is achieved
by means of tie rod devices interconnecting a line
bellows with an opposed balanced bellows also
subjected to line pressure. This type of expansion
joint can be used at a change in direction of the
piping system or directly in the line as an In-Line
Pressure Balanced Assembly.
▲ Pressure Balanced Unit with Manufactured Elbow
Principle of Operation
Reference to the diagram below shows that during the movement cycle, internal pressure acting on the bellows element (A),
which is in the flow line, is balanced by the same pressure in the balancing bellows element (B). The force exerted by the
internal pressure against the line elbow is balanced by an equal and opposite force transmitted to the line through the tie rods
(D) from the blank end (C) of the balancing section.
This type of expansion joint is usually seen at a turbine casing or other piece of rotating equipment where minimum forces and
moments are required. It is also used in installations where the application of a main anchor would not be practical. The only
loads seen by the turbine are the sum of the axial force required to compress or extend the line bellows and balancing bellows
in the expansion joint.
Example: In a pipeline with unrestrained expansion joints, the maximum load on the anchors always occurs at the change
of direction in the piping system. Such an anchor is always a main anchor. The load exerted at this point is composed of the
internal pressure acting over the effective area of the bellows plus the force required to flex the expansion joint. In a large
expansion joint, or one operating under extremely high pressure, the resultant pressure thrust is considerable. To eliminate the
thrust, a Pressure Balanced Assembly is the most practical solution.
Balance Bellows (B)
Liner (Sleeve)
Blank End (C)
Line Bellows (A) Tie Rods

(D)
44
Figure 1
This example shows a single Pressure Balanced
Assembly used to protect rotating equipment from
the effects of thermal expansion between two
intermediate anchors (IA). In operation, the thermal
growth in the system compresses the line bellows
(A). Internal pressure acting through the tie rods
instantaneously elongates the balancing bellows (B)
an equal amount, providing a completely balanced
system.
If no lateral movement is present, the number
of convolutions in bellows (A) and (B) are equal.
Pressure Balanced Assemblies are frequently used
on gas and steam turbines, pumps, and condenser
installations. ▲ Figure 1
Figure 2
A single Pressure Balanced Assembly can be used to
absorb lateral and axial movement. In the example
shown, bellows (A) has sufficient convolutions to
absorb both the axial and lateral movement present
in the piping system. The balancing bellows (B)
requires only sufficient convolutions to compensate
for the axial movement present in the horizontal line.
Intermediate anchors (IA) and pipe alignment guides
(G) should be installed in the locations shown.
▲ Figure 2
Figure 3
There are many installations where the lateral
movement present in the system exceeds the
capability of a single Pressure Balanced Bellows
Assembly. This problem is best overcome by the
use of a Universal Pressure Balanced Assembly as
shown. The line bellows (Al) and (A2) are linked by a
section of pipe that allows greater lateral movement
in addition to the axial movement present. The
balancing bellows (B) is designed to compensate
for axial movement only. Tie rods link both sets of
bellows and absorb the pressure thrust, resulting in
low forces on adjacent equipment and structures.
This design finds wide application on turbine/
condenser crossovers, boiler feed water pumps, and
other critical applications. ▲ Figure 3

IN-LINE PRESSURE BALANCED ASSEMBLY
An In-Line Pressure Balanced Assembly is designed to absorb

small amounts of axial and lateral movement while counter
acting the pressure thrust in a system. This is achieved
with a series of rods similar to the Pressure Balanced Elbow
Assembly and a balancing bellows with twice the effective
area as the line bellows. The elimination of the elbow is what
makes this expansion joint unique.
Reference the diagram (to the right), shows that the
effective area of the balancing bellows (EB) is twice that of
the line bellows (EA). These forces act across the tie rods
that are attached to the tie plates. There is no change in
pressure when the system is moved because the volume
does not change. As the line bellows are compressed, the
balancing bellows is extended causing no volume change.
This type of expansion joint is usually seen between two ▲ In-Line Pressure Balance Type Expansion Joint
DN2400 x 3200mmL (96")
pieces of load sensitive equipment where minimum forces
and moments are required. It is also used in installations
where the application of a main anchor would not be
practical. The only loads seen by the equipment are the sum
of the axial force required to compress or extend the line
bellows and balancing bellows in the expansion joint.
▲ Untied In-Line Pressure Balance Type Expansion Joint

DN1600 x 3200mmL (64")
46
Figure 1
This example shows an In-Line Pressure Balanced unit in a typical installation. The two pieces of equipment are load sensitive
requiring very low forces and moments at the flanged attachments. Both pieces of equipment are allowed to expand due to
temperature while the In-Line Pressure Balanced Assembly absorbs all the axial growth. This style of expansion joint should
be guided if the lengths of pipe between the equipment and the expansion joint exceed four times the diameter of the pipe.
▲ Figure 1
Externally Pressurized
Pressure Balanced Assembly
Figure 2
This example shows an Externally Pressurized Pressure Balanced Assembly in a typical installation. The two pieces of equipment
are very load sensitive requiring low forces and moments at the flanged attachments. Both pieces of equipment are allowed to
expand due to temperature while the Externally Pressurized Pressure Balanced Assembly absorbs all the axial growth. The first
pipe guide is internal to the expansion joint so the next set of guides start at 14 times the diameter of the line pipe. This type
of system can absorb much larger amounts of axial growth than the In-Line Pressure Balanced Assembly.
▲ Figure 2

EXTERNALLY PRESSURIZED ASSEMBLY
There are certain expansion joint applications that call for large axial movements. These are frequently encountered in steam
distribution mains found in hospital, schools or military installations. Internally pressurized assemblies become unstable even at
low pressures when the number of convolutions reaches a certain limit; therefore, the problems created by these requirements
cannot be solved using a Single Bellows Assembly. (If continually under pressure, an internally pressurized bellows will act as
an unstable column under compression, and squirm.) In cases like these, an Externally Pressurized Assembly provides the most
viable solution. When pressure is applied externally to the bellows, as shown in the diagram below, the bellows are placed under
tension. In this condition squirm does not become a factor. A greater number of convolutions can be added to the bellows
even at higher pressures, resulting in increased movement capability. This style joint has the added benefit of self-draining
convolutions. All the trapped liquid media can be purged from the outer casing eliminating the possibility of liquid "flashing"
to vapor.
An anchor foot can be added to the Single Externally Pressurized Style allowing it to act as an intermediate anchor. The anchor
foot is designed to withstand any loads produced by the deflection of the bellows.
Dual Style Externally Pressurized designs are equipped with an anchor foot as a standard. The internal and external rings on
both styles act as a pipe guide so no first guide (G1) is necessary.
Design Features
• Bellows protection
• Smooth flow-oversize bellows
• Drain connection
• Purge connection
• Fail-safe design
• Self-Draining convolutions
• Joint acts as first guide
Purge Connection
Limit Rod
Bellows
Guide
Line Pipe
Drain Connection
Outer Casting
48
EXTERNALLY PRESSURIZED PRESSURE BALANCED ASSEMBLY
An Externally Pressurized Pressure Balanced Assembly is very similar to an In-Line Pressure Balanced Assembly but it is capable
of large amounts of axial movement. This is achieved by pressurizing the bellows externally eliminating the possibility of bellows
squirm. This design has the added benefit of being self guided with self draining convolutions. Again, no elbow is needed in
this system.
Reference to the diagram bellows shows a series of opposing forces. The different color arrows act against each other to
balance the system eliminating the need for main anchors. There is no change in pressure when the system is moved because
the volume does not change. As the line bellows (A) are compressed, the balancing bellows (B), which has twice the effective
area as (A), is extended causing no volume change.
This type of expansion joint is also seen between two pieces of load sensitive equipment where minimum forces and movements
are required. It is also used in steam line installations where pipe main anchors are far apart. The only loads seen by the
equipment are the sum of the axial force required to compress or extend the line bellows and balancing bellows in the expansion
joint. Modified versions of this style are used in direct burial applications.
Balance Bellows (B) Line Bellows (A)
PRESSURE PRESSURE
▲ How An Externally Pressurized Pressure Balanced Assembly Works

FOR FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING UNITS (FCCU)
EXPANSION JOINTS
Along with our standard expansion joint product line,
MEGAFLEXON manufactures various specialty metal and
fabric expansion joints.
Metallic expansion joints are an integral component of
these complex refinery processes and their reliability can be
significant to the refinery's productivity and performance.
An unexpected joint failure can represent millions of dollars
in losses to a refinery.
Expansion joints used in FCCU service are some of the most
critical and complex expansion joints manufactured. Fluid
Catalytic Cracking Units (FCCU) or Cat Crackers, operate at
very high pressures and temperatures, consequently resulting
in large thermal offsets for the installed expansion joint.
▲ FCC Unit Spent Catalyst Stand Pipe Expansion Joint
Furthermore, the introduction of abrasive media (catalyst)
requires additional protection to avoid gradual deterioration
and premature failure of the expansion joint.
There are various types of expansion joints used in FCCU
The bellows membrane is the most critical element of the
applications: tied universals, hinged, gimbal, and pressure
expansion joint assembly. It's relatively thin wall construction
balanced. All of these fall into 3 major categories: Cold Wall,
is designed for maximum flexibility, but must be protected
Hot Wall, and Unlined FCCU joints. The bellows membrane
against erosive catalyst and other corrosive media.
design for all three categories is basically the same, although
Refractory lining is used to prevent erosion of the bellows
the bellows membrane can be single ply, multi-ply, redundant
and the attached piping from catalyst flowing through the
ply and reinforced.
assembly while in service.
Today the material of choice for most FCCU applications is
Various performance analysis calculations are used to
lnconel 625LCF (low cycle fatigue). Almost identical to the
determine the theoretical life expectancy for a given design.
original lnconel 625, this special bellows grade of lnconel
EJMA (Expansion Joint Manufacturers' Association) is the
625, provides tighter controls over the carbon, silicon and
predominant standard used.
nitrogen contents. This produces a microstructure that
EJMA is an association of experienced manufacturers who
enhances low-cycle fatigue.
establish and test design standards for the expansion joint
industry.
50
Features
• Heavy duty expansion joints for high temperature, high
pressure and high movement applications V-Anchors
• Withstand abrasive media like powder catalyst
entrained in hydrocarbon flow Hex Mesh
• Used in fluidized catalytic cracker units(FCCU’s)
• Shell wall temperatures do not exceed 340 °C
Advantages
• Reliable exp ansion joints in critical applications
• Extensive experience in FCCU business
▲ Pneumatic Testing View ▲ After Finish Refractory Lining Works

FOR PROPANE DE HYDROGENATION (PDH)
EXPANSION JOINTS
Features
• Heavy duty expansion joints for high temperature, high
pressure and high movement applications
• Withstand abrasive media like powder catalyst
entrained in hydrocarbon flow
• Used in fluidized catalytic cracker units(FCCU’s)
• Shell wall temperatures do not exceed 600 °C
Advantages
• Reliable expansion joints in critical applications
• Extensive experience in FCCU, PDH and Styrene
Monomer business
▲ Universal Pantograph Type Expansion Joint for PDH
▲ Hot Wall Expansion Joints for PDH Installation View / SK GAS ULSAN PDH PLANT, KOREA
52
▲ Propane De-Hydrogenation(PDH) Plant View
Purge Leak
Connections Detection
Gauge
Purged Bellows Testable

Bellows
Purged bellows are not as commonly used today, but they are
still installed successfully on some FCCU units when required.
The purge is applied to the bellows annulus in the form of air
or steam. The continuous flow under the bellows introduces
a high-pressure area and a flow going back into the gas
stream. The purges stop the catalyst from entering the
bellows annulus.
Caution should be taken so that the media used to purge the
bellows is compatible with the process conditions and does
▲ 3D cross section model of a purged bellows
not cause corrosion problems within the bellows element.
Typically numerous nozzles are used to introduce the purge
equally around the annulus. The nozzles are connected to
a circular pipe manifold that surrounds the bellows on the
outside of the joint.
▲ Installation View
▲ Single Hinged Expansion Joints with Purge Manifold ▲ Single Gimbal Expansion Joints with Purge Manifold

FOR HEAT EXCHANGER EXPANSION JOINTS
For more than 35 years, Megaflexon has been supplying Megaflexon expansion joint for heat exchangers are in
compensators all over the world for extreme operating operation all over the world with excellent results and satisfied
conditions. The know-how resulting from this makes us one customers including following.
of the leading manufactures and suppliers of compensators
for all industrial applications, e.g. • DOOSAN HEAVY IND CO., LTD. (KOREA)
• IHI (JAPAN)
• Machine and Plant Construction • MITSUI (JAPAN)
• Chemical Systems • HITACHI (JAPAN)
• Power Stations • BASF KOREA (KOREA)
• District Heating Systems • SAMSUNG HEAVY IND CO., LTD. (KOREA)
• Tank Farms • SK CORP. (KOREA)
• FCC Systems • UOP (USA)
• General Pipeline Systems
▲ Flanged and Flued Type ▲ Bellows Type
54
Extreme Operating Conditions
Megaflexon axial compensators for heat exchangers are
manufactured according to the corresponding standards and
code regulations, in rated sizes DN 15 to 15,000 and with
operating pressures from 0 bar to 200 bar, temperatures
excursions from -200℃ to 800℃ (load alternation 200 to
200,000).
▲ Finite Element Analysis (FEA )
Materials of Construction
Bellows are manufactured from austenitic stainless steel or
any specified materials such as Ni, Ti, Hasteloy, Inconel etc..
In addition ferritic materials e.g. carbon steel, CrMo are used
for the end fitting materials.
▲ Example Design

Cross-Over Expansion Joint
It is used to transfer the steam from LP hood of steam turbine system. It is designed to absorb different thermal movements
between turbine and casing, and to keep the steam pressure stable during operation.
GIS Expansion Bellows

For GIS system does normally use SF6 gas as medium, GIS expansion bellows are required to be extremely high quality.
Megaflexon manufactures GIS expansion bellows under strict quality control and advanced engineering design and has supplied
our GIS expansion bellows to world well-known GIS manufacturer, Hyundai Electric and Fuji Electric Japan for a long period.
We also offer specially-designed GIS expansion bellows. For it has an automatic pressure control device on tie-rods, it ensures
the safety and reliability as well as easy maintenance.
▲ GIS Expansion Bellows ▲ GIS Bellows Welding Work
56
NOOTER/ERIKSEN HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATORS (HRSG)
PENETRATION SEALS EXPANSION JOINTS

for HRSG Boilers
Pipe penetration seals are used to allow tubes or pipes to Clamshell Expansion Joints
expand thermally by penetrating the shell or pressure casing.
Clamshell seals perform the same service as normal seals,
Metal seals are designed to accept axial, lateral and angular
but the life expectancy of a clamshell seal is dependent on
movements therefore, lowering the stress on the tubes and
the quality of the convolution weld made by an experienced
pipes to which they are attached. Metal seals also provide
welder during installation.
good insulation between the boiler wall and the attachment
ring.
▲ Over Size Clamshell
Advantages of Using Penetration Seals

Expansion Joints
• Personnel are protected
• No leaks
• Reduces pipe stress
• Increased boiler efficiency
• Noise reduction
• No maintenance
• With insulation on request ▲ Same Size Clamshell

RECTANGULAR EXPANSION JOINTS
Megaflexon provides metal rectangular expansion joints subjected to axial, lateral, angular movements, or any combination of
these as the same with the metallic circular expansion joint.
To complete this expansion joint in designing, the bellows are to be designed in accordance with the bellows performance
equations defined in clause SectionⅤ in the current EJMA edition, Expansion joint Manufacturer Association.
Megaflexon can supply single mitered corner, double mitered corner, camera corner and rounded corner in case that especially
specified.
Applications
Rectangular Bellows Assembly
Rectangular bellows assemblies are used in gas turbine
Expansion Joint Systems also designs and manufactures
exhaust systems, turbine/condenser connections, boiler
a wide range of Single and Universal Rectangular Bellows
breaching, forced draft fans, flue gas ducts, regenerators,
Assemblies to compensate for axial and lateral movements
precipitators and other hot gas, large volume ducting
over a broad cross section of different operating conditions.
systems.
Single and Universal Rectangular Bellows Assemblies are
available in four different corner configurations and two
Design Notes
basic span shapes. Size is governed only by transportation
limitation. Oversized assemblies can be shipped in sections It is very important when specifying lateral movement to
for field installation. indicate in which direction the movement is applied to the
expansion joint. This is especially true on large rectangular
ducts. The equivalent axial movement required when lateral
movement is applied the hard way is much greater than
when lateral movement is applied the easy way. In many
instances, a long Universal Expansion Joint Assembly is the
only practical solution.
Rectangular assemblies can be manufactured from a wide

variety of different materials, including Type 300 Series
stainless steels, high nickel alloys and Corten Steel.
▲ Rectangular Type Expansion Joint for MAILIAO POWER PLANT, TAIWAN
58
Corner Configuration
Rectangular type expansion joints are available in four different corner configurations. Typical corner construction details
are shown below.
Single Miter
This is the most common and economical type used to
compensate for thermal expansion, and can readily be bolted
or welded into the connecting duct work. These are preferred
in low cycle and vibration-free applications.
• Fitted with high convolution profiles.

• Maximum amount of movement possible for or given
convolution profile.
• Lowest cost.
▲ Construction of Single Miter
Double Miter
This type is slightly more expensive to manufacture than the
single miter design. However, they do provide a greater cycle
life under the same set of operating conditions.
• Fitted which high convolution profile.

• Maximum amount of movement possible for a given
convolution profile.
• Low cost.
If a corner preference is not specified, MEGAFLEXON would
design the double mitered corner configuration in corner
construction.
▲ Construction of Double Miter

Rounded Corner
This type should be considered in applications up to 30
P.S.I.G., and where vibration and cycle life are important
factors.
Rounded corners are the most costly to manufacture.
MEGAFLEXON can supply the round corner design as well
because this design has a advantage in the technical view
point.
That is, this design results in the lowest corner stress if sit
up and welding of the corner seams are carefully controlled.
MEGAFLEXON is producing 60mm high convolution profile
as standard unless specified.
▲ Construction of Rounded Corner
Camera Corner
This type is used mainly on low-pressure applications. They
have good cycle life characteristics and are less costly than
the double miter corner design.
• Low cost
• All corner seam welding to be performed on the outside
of the corner in a easily accessible area.
• Disadvantage : deep crevices at the corner, a
reduction in movement available for a given profile
and convolution count because the convolutions are
overlapped at the corner.
MEGAFLEXON does not recommend this shape of expansion

joint but will provide if specified.
▲ Construction of Camera Corner
60
Convolution Profile
The application and operating conditions will dictate the correct choice of corner configuration. Typical convolution
geometry details are shown below.
For higher-pressure
PITCH applications up to 30 P.S.I.G., "U" span is preferred.
“V” Profile “U” Profile

CON. DEPTHThe “V”
This type is used for low pressure applications. This type is preferred for higher pressure applications up to
convolution profile will be supplied with single miter corner, 30 P.S.I.G. Round corner bellows will always be constructed
unless otherwise specified. using the “U” convolution profile.
t
PITCH
PITCH
CON. DEPTH
CON. DEPTH
t t
PITCH
CON. DEPTH
▲ Shape of “V” Profile ▲ Shape of “U” Profile
▲ Camera Corner with “V” convolution profile ▲ Rounded Corner with “U” convolution profile

Cover Application Internal sleeve Application
· To avoid accidental damage to the bellows while · Flow velocity is the above of 7~10m/sec and fluid is
shipment, installation or operation. abrasive.
· To protect the bellows from weld splatter, or other metal · Advantage : In high - temperature operation or rapid
work variation of temperature, the air barrier may
be formed on space between bellows and liner and the
rapid increasement of skin temp. On bellows can be
avoided, which results in the reduction of circumferential
stresses in the bellows. That cause buckling or rapid
fatigue failure of the bellows.
▲ Cover ▲ Internal Sleeve
Internal packing Application Hinges and slotted hinges Application

· The protection against thermal shock and cracking · As the support for the weight of the ducting between
occured in case that the rectangular expansion joint is two single expansion joints
subjected to the rapid temperature range. Normally, the · As the controller suitable for axial and lateral offset in
packing reduce the skin temperature of bellows while universal type expansion joint.
operation.
· In the coal fired boiler flue gas line, the packing acts like
filter to avoid fly ash from accumulating in the bellows
convolution. The fly ash filled can affect severe chemical
attack and immobilization of bellows motion.
▲ Internal Packing
Insulation support
On outer insulation, it is often specified for the support of
insulation material.
▲ Hinges and Slotted Hinges
62
Material
Quality Assurance
Megaflexon use following material on bellows fabrication
• All welding shall comply with ASME Section Ⅸ,latest
(ASTM)
A240 T304, A240 T304L, A240 T316, A240 T316L, A240 edition.
T321, B168 Alloy600, A606(corten) • All dimensional tolerance shall be in compliance with
A36, or A387 Gr 12 would be applied on flange, internal EJMA Section Ⅵ.
sleeve and inter-mediate duct pipe if required. • Quality assurance system is currently maintained
according to ISO 9001:2015.
• If the leak-test specified on ASME B31.3 is not
available due to dimension, the air jet leak examination
shall be applied, which is specified on SectionⅦ in
EJMA latest edition.
Design Standard
MAX. TOTAL LENGTH AS SUPPLIED

NO. OF SPRING
WORKING EXPANSION
CORRUGATION RATE
BELLOWS TYPE PRESSURE ABSORBED
SL50 SL65 SL75 SL100
kgf/cm2 kgf/mm mm kg/mm
1 ±20 160 190 210 260 0.032×ℓ

Miter, Round
0.5 2 ±40 220 250 270 320 0.016×ℓ
Corner Type
3 ±60 280 310 330 380 0.011×ℓ
2 ±20 220 250 270 320 0.011×ℓ

Camera
0.5 3 ±30 280 310 330 380 0.008×ℓ
Corner Type
5 ±40 400 130 450 500 0.006×ℓ
Shipment
• The expansion joint shall be prepared for shipment in such a manner that the quality, cleanliness and finish shall be
maintained during shipment.
• Shipping bar shall be equipped to maintain proper shipping length and alignment and shipping bars shall be painted
yellow.
• Each expansion joint shall be tagged with recommended installation instruction.

• MEGAFLEXON provide lifting lugs in case that expansion joint weighing more than 200kgf. If more than one lug is
furnished, each lug shall be designed to carry the entire weight of the assembly.

STANDARD METAL EXPANSION JOINTS
DATA SHEETS
A. Axial Expansion Joint

A-1 Axial Expansion Joints with Welding Ends DN 100 to DN 1000 150Lbf/in2
A-2 Axial Expansion Joints with Welding Ends DN 100 to DN 600 300Lbf/in2
A-3 Axial Expansion Joints with Fixed Flange Ends DN 100 to DN 600 150Lbf/in2
2
A-4 Axial Expansion Joints with Fixed Flange Ends DN 100 to DN 600 300Lbf/in
B. Lateral Expansion Joint

B-1 Lateral Expansion Joints with Welding Ends DN 100 to DN 1000 150Lbf/in2
B-3 Lateral Expansion Joints with Fixed Flange Ends DN 100 to DN 1000 150Lbf/in2
C. Angular Expansion Joint

C-1 Angular Expansion Joints with Hinge and Welding Ends DN 100 to DN 1000 150Lbf/in2
C-2 Angular Expansion Joints with Hinge and Welding Ends DN 100 to DN 600 300Lbf/in2
C-3 Angular Expansion Joints with Hinge Fixed Flange Ends DN 100 to DN 1000 150Lbf/in2
C-4 Angular Expansion Joints with Hinge Fixed Flange Ends DN 100 to DN 600 300Lbf/in2
D. Gimbal Expansion Joint

D-1 Gimbal Expansion Joint with Welding Ends DN 100 to DN 1000 150Lbf/in2
D-2 Gimbal Expansion Joint with Welding Ends DN 100 to DN 600 300Lbf/in2
D-3 Gimbal Expansion Joint with Fixed Flange Ends DN 100 to DN 1000 150Lbf/in2
D-4 Gimbal Expansion Joint with Fixed Flange Ends DN 100 to DN 600 300Lbf/in2
Note: Megaflexon can manufacture up to nominal size of 8000mm of metal expansion joint.
Further detail of engineering with technical data can be provided upon request.
64
A AXIAL EXPANSION JOINTS

MEGAFLEXON standard axial expansion joint are available in types MAXW, with weld ends, and MAXF with flanges. Axial
Expansion joints are used in pipeline systems for absorption of movements along the longitudinal axis of the pipeline.
Megaflexon standard axial expansion joints are to be installed so that there is only 1 expansion joint between each fixing point.
Pipeline systems where axial expansion joints are used must be protected against sideways bending. This is done by fitting
guide types.
• Advantage
· Simple way to absorb thermal growth on pipe-work as
per the temperature variation
· The flow direction unchanged
· The efficient way to save installation space
• Disadvantage
· The solid fix point required
· The good sliding bearing required for the movement
axially
· A lot of fix points is required on a long pipe run
A-1, SINGLE JOINTS, FREE TYPE

Generally, the ends on both side can be fabricated as not
only a fixed flange end or free type, but also butt weld end.
Application
This type of expansion joints is well fitted with low pressure
gas pipe, exhaust pipe, duct, flue, etc, for the purpose of
absorbing thermal growth and contraction, or preventing
vibration in exhaust pipe of engine, blower, inlet and outlet
of pump, and so on. Applicable pressure rating : max. 20
kgf/cm2-full vacuum
▲ Axial Expansion Joint with Welding Ends
A-2, REINFORCED EXPANSION

JOINT(CONTROL RING TYPE)
Normally, the reinforcing, or equalizing ring, is installed
on the convolution root of bellows to reinforce the bellows
against a high internal pressure.
Megaflexon standard material for control ring : GC 20,

SS400
· Maximum service pressure : 40kgf/cm2

· Maximum service temperature : 300 ℃
· Test pressure : 1.5 x maximum service pressure
▲ Axial Expansion Joint with Fixed Flange Ends

A-1 Axial Expansion Joints with Welding Ends
■ Design Pressure 150Lbf/in2

MOVEMENT SPRING RATE WELDING ENDS BELLOWS EFFECTIVE WEIGHT
Ln
DN TYPE +/- AX +/- LA AX LA øD L2 S Di Do AREA APPROX
mm mm mm kgf/mm kgf/mm mm mm mm mm mm cm2 kg
100 MAXW-0100-022-10 22 6 175 17.24 41.50 114.3 40 3.6 104.6 130.2 108.2 1.5
100 MAXW-0100-048-10 48 25 265 8.06 4.90 114.3 40 3.6 104.6 130.2 108.2 2.0
125 MAXW-0125-025-10 25 5 170 16.43 60.70 139.7 40 3.6 130.2 157.8 162.9 1.9
125 MAXW-0125-053-10 53 22 265 7.65 7.24 139.7 40 3.6 130.2 157.8 162.9 2.7
150 MAXW-0150-025-10 25 4 195 19.70 99.39 168.3 50 4.0 155.0 186.6 229.1 2.8
150 MAXW-0150-054-10 54 20 285 8.98 11.43 168.3 50 4.0 155.0 186.6 229.1 3.6
175 MAXW-0175-025-10 25 4 195 21.63 114.70 193.7 50 4.5 180.6 212.2 303.0 3.7
175 MAXW-0175-054-10 54 17 285 9.90 16.63 193.7 50 4.5 180.6 212.2 303.0 4.6
200 MAXW-0175-054-10 27 3 195 19.90 173.78 219.1 50 4.5 206.1 239.7 390.2 4.3
200 MAXW-0200-058-10 58 16 285 8.98 20.10 219.1 50 4.5 206.1 239.7 390.2 5.3
250 MAXW-0250-026-10 26 3 195 24.00 324.90 273.0 50 5.0 260.0 293.6 601.8 5.8
250 MAXW-0250-066-10 66 17 315 9.29 23.37 273.0 50 5.0 260.0 293.6 601.8 7.5
300 MAXW-0300-028-10 28 2 240 35.80 606.22 323.9 70 6.0 311.1 347.5 851.7 10.8
300 MAXW-0300-086-10 86 22 400 11.94 28.88 323.9 70 6.0 311.1 347.5 851.7 17.9
350 MAXW-0350-028-10 28 2 240 39.08 793.6 355.6 70 6.0 342.8 379.2 1023.5 13.1
350 MAXW-0350-086-10 86 20 400 12.96 37.76 355.6 70 6.0 342.8 379.2 1023.5 20.7
400 MAXW-0400-037-10 14 4 265 28.98 477.35 406.4 70 6.0 389.9 437.1 1342.9 17.2
400 MAXW-0400-096-10 30 22 430 11.12 34.18 406.4 70 6.0 389.9 437.1 1342.9 27.9
450 MAXW-0450-036-10 18 3 265 40.41 866.53 457.2 70 6.0 440.5 489.5 1698.2 19.1
450 MAXW-0450-084-10 38 15 390 18.37 96.02 457.2 70 6.0 440.5 489.5 1698.2 30.2
500 MAXW-0500-050-10 22 5 305 39.29 585.41 508 70 6.0 485.4 536.4 2050 22
500 MAXW-0500-110-10 47 23 465 17.86 67.04 508 70 6.0 485.4 536.4 2050 33.4
550 MAXW-0550-050-10 22 5 305 42.55 765.31 558.8 70 6.0 536.4 587.4 2479.8 25.7
550 MAXW-0500-088-10 48 14 410 23.57 153.47 558.8 70 6.0 536.4 587.4 2479.8 31.0
600 MAXW-0600-041-10 25 3 275 72.24 2217.04 609.6 70 6.0 585.6 645.6 2976.4 30.1
600 MAXW-0600-124-10 53 22 480 24.08 119.39 609.6 70 6.0 585.6 645.6 2976.4 49.6
700 MAXW-0700-040-10 25 2 280 70.10 2838.57 711.2 70 8.0 687.5 756.5 4094.2 39.9
700 MAXW-0700-121-10 54 19 485 23.37 153.37 711.2 70 8.0 687.5 756.5 4094.2 67.2
800 MAXW-0800-040-10 25 2 280 76.73 4040.82 812.8 70 8.0 789.5 858.5 5332.7 49.1
800 MAXW-0800-121-10 54 16 485 25.65 218.37 812.8 70 8.0 789.5 858.5 5332.7 80.2
900 MAXW-0900-040-10 27 2 280 84.18 5580.61 914.4 70 8.0 890.5 959.5 6720.1 55.1
900 MAXW-0900-121-10 58 15 485 28.06 301.53 914.4 70 8.0 890.5 959.5 6720.1 90.1
1000 MAXW-1000-040-10 26 2 280 91.94 7513.47 1016.0 70 8.0 992.5 1061.5 8283.8 61.3
1000 MAXW-1000-121-10 66 13 485 30.61 406.02 1016.0 70 8.0 992.5 1061.5 8283.8 100.1
■ Number of Tie Rods A

A A
DN 40 - DN 100 : 2 PCS
DN 125 - DN 800 : 3 PCS
DN 900 : 4 PCS
DN 1000 : 5 PCS B B B
* The number of tie rods can be changed
according to design conditions.
66
A-2 Axial Expansion Joints with Welding Ends

MOVEMENT SPRING RATE WELDING ENDS BELLOWS EFFECTIVE WEIGHT
Ln
DN TYPE +/- AX +/- LA AX LA øD L2 S Di Do AREA APPROX
mm mm mm kgf/mm kgf/mm mm mm mm mm mm cm2 kg

100 MAXW-0100-016-20 16 3.0 205 37.35 139.18 114.3 40 3.6 104.6 131.0 109.0 1.6
100 MAXW-0100-035-20 35 14.0 280 17.04 16.02 114.3 40 3.6 104.6 131.0 109.0 2.2
125 MAXW-0125-016-20 16 3.0 210 43.37 238.27 139.7 40 4.0 130.2 156.6 161.5 2.1
125 MAXW-0125-040-20 40 16.0 310 16.63 17.04 139.7 40 4.0 130.2 156.6 161.5 3.1
150 MAXW-0150-023-20 23 5.0 255 50.92 20.33 168.3 50 4.5 155.0 186.2 228.6 3.7
150 MAXW-0150-050-20 50 20.0 360 23.16 23.27 168.3 50 4.5 155.0 186.2 228.6 5.2
175 MAXW-0175-023-20 23 4.0 255 55.10 289.90 193.7 50 5.6 180.6 211.8 302.3 4.7
175 MAXW-0175-050-20 50 18.0 360 25.00 33.16 193.7 50 5.6 180.6 211.8 302.3 6.4
200 MAXW-0200-028-20 28 4.0 270 52.80 347.55 219.1 50 6.3 206.2 242.2 394.8 6.7
200 MAXW-0200-063-20 63 20.0 380 23.98 38.98 219.1 50 6.3 206.2 242.2 394.8 9.4
250 MAXW-0200-028-20 28 3.0 285 61.12 603.12 273.0 50 7.1 260.3 296.3 608.3 8.8
250 MAXW-0250-060-20 60 16.0 395 27.26 69.18 273.0 50 7.1 260.3 296.3 608.3 12.3
300 MAXW-0300-024-20 24 2.0 295 88.98 1249.69 323.9 70 8.0 311.2 349.2 856.3 13.9
300 MAXW-0300-042-20 42 8.0 365 49.39 251.94 323.9 70 8.0 311.2 349.2 856.3 16.7
350 MAXW-0350-023-20 23 2.0 310 96.84 163.53 355.6 70 8.0 343.0 381.0 1029.2 15.3
350 MAXW-0350-042-20 42 7.0 380 53.77 331.02 355.6 70 8.0 343.0 381.0 1029.2 18.4
400 MAXW-0400-023-20 23 1.8 235 136.02 3807.04 406.4 70 10.0 390.4 440.4 1355.3 22.2
400 MAXW-0400-040-20 40 2.0 365 81.73 1022.35 406.4 70 10.0 390.4 440.4 1355.3 24.0
450 MAXW-0450-023-20 23 1.6 240 156.32 5132.24 457.2 70 10.0 441.5 494.5 1720.2 27.0
450 MAXW-0450-039-20 39 4.0 290 93.78 1378.37 457.2 70 10.0 441.5 494.5 1720.2 29.7
500 MAXW-0500-032-20 32 2.6 365 162.55 4154.18 508.0 70 10.0 486.5 541.5 2075.0 30.7
500 MAXW-0500-054-20 54 6.0 300 97.55 1112.96 508.0 70 10.0 486.5 541.5 2075.0 36.6
550 MAXW-0550-032-20 32 2.4 265 172.04 5309.59 558.8 70 10.0 537.8 592.8 2509.9 33.8
550 MAXW-0550-053-20 53 6.0 330 103.27 1422.55 558.8 70 10.0 537.8 592.8 2509.9 40.3
600 MAXW-0600-042-20 42 3.5 295 180.10 4241.63 609.6 70 12.0 586.6 651.6 3010.3 252.1
600 MAXW-0600-070-20 70 8.0 485 107.96 1135.41 609.6 70 12.0 586.6 651.6 3010.3 61.3

A A
DN 40 - DN 100 : 2 PCS
DN 125 - DN 450 : 3 PCS
DN 500 - DN 600 : 4 PCS
B B B

A-3 Axial-Expansion Joints with Fixed Flange Ends
D BC
D
D
MOVEMENT SPRING RATE FLANGES ACC. TO ASME B 16.5 BELLOWS EFFECTIVE WEIGHT
Ln
DN TYPE +/- AX +/- LA AX LA øD t PCD N ød2 Di Do AREA APPROX
mm mm mm kgf/mm kgf/mm mm mm mm EA mm mm mm cm2 kg

100 MAXF-0100-022-10 22 6 135 17.24 10.92 229 24.0 190.5 8 20 104.6 130.2 108.2 8.8
100 MAXF-0100-048-10 48 25 225 8.06 4.90 229 24.0 190.5 8 20 104.6 130.2 108.2 9.3
125 MAXF-0125-025-10 25 5 135 16.43 60.71 254 24.0 215.9 8 23 130.2 157.8 162.9 11.7
125 MAXF-0125-053-10 53 22 230 7.65 7.24 254 24.0 215.9 8 23 130.2 157.8 162.9 12.5
150 MAXF-0150-025-10 25 4 140 19.69 99.39 279 25.5 241.3 8 23 155.0 186.6 229.1 14.0
150 MAXF-0150-054-10 54 20 230 8.78 11.43 279 25.5 241.3 8 23 155.0 186.6 229.1 14.8
200 MAXF-0200-027-10 27 3 145 19.90 173.78 343 29.0 298.4 8 23 206.1 239.7 390.2 19.9
200 MAXF-0200-058-10 58 16 235 8.98 20.10 343 29.0 298.4 8 23 206.1 239.7 390.2 20.9
250 MAXF-0250-026-10 26 3 145 24.08 324.90 406 30.5 361.9 12 26 260.0 293.6 601.8 25.4
250 MAXF-0250-066-10 66 17 265 9.29 23.37 406 30.5 361.9 12 26 260.0 293.6 601.8 27.1
300 MAXF-0300-028-10 28 2 150 35.82 606.22 483 32.0 431.8 12 26 311.1 347.5 851.7 30.5
300 MAXF-0300-086-10 86 22 310 11.94 28.88 483 32.0 431.8 12 26 311.1 347.5 851.7 37.6
350 MAXF-0350-028-10 28 2 155 39.08 793.16 535 35.0 476.2 12 29 342.8 379.2 1023.5 44.5
350 MAXF-0350-086-10 86 20 315 12.96 37.76 535 35.0 476.2 12 29 342.8 379.2 1023.5 52.1
400 MAXF-0400-037-10 37 4 190 28.98 477.35 595 37.0 539.7 16 29 389.9 437.1 1342.9 61.8
400 MAXF-0400-096-10 96 22 355 11.12 34.18 595 37.0 539.7 16 29 389.9 437.1 1342.9 72.5
450 MAXF-0450-036-10 36 3 200 40.41 866.53 635 40.0 577.8 16 32 440.5 489.5 1698.2 77.7
450 MAXF-0450-084-10 84 15 325 18.37 96.02 635 40.0 577.8 16 32 440.5 489.5 1698.2 88.8
500 MAXF-0500-050-10 50 5 240 39.29 585.41 700 43.0 635.0 20 32 485.4 536.4 2050.0 90.1
500 MAXF-0500-110-10 110 23 400 17.86 67.04 700 43.0 635.0 20 32 485.4 536.4 2050.0 101.5
600 MAXF-0500-041-10 41 3 295 103.23 3160.24 815 48.0 749.3 20 35 585.6 645.6 2976.4 99.7
600 MAXF-0500-124-10 124 22 500 34.39 170.61 815 48.0 749.3 20 35 585.6 645.6 2976.4 120.2
■ Number of Tie Rods A A A

DN 40 - DN 100 : 2 PCS
DN 125 - DN 800 : 3 PCS
DN 900 : 6 PCS
B B B
DN 1000 : 7 PCS
68
A-4 Axial-Expansion Joints with Fixed Flange Ends
D BC
D
D
MOVEMENT SPRING RATE FLANGES ACC. TO ASME B 16.5 BELLOWS EFFECTIVE WEIGHT
Ln
DN TYPE +/- AX +/- LA AX LA øD t PCD N ød2 Di Do AREA APPROX
mm mm mm kgf/mm kgf/mm mm mm mm EA mm mm mm cm2 kg
100 MAXF-0100-016-20 16 3 205 7.35 139.18 254 32.0 200.0 8 23 104.6 131.0 109.0 13.8
100 MAXF-0100-035-20 35 14 280 17.04 16.02 254 32.0 200.0 8 23 104.6 131.0 109.0 14.4
125 MAXF-0125-016-20 16 3 210 43.37 238.30 279 35.0 234.9 8 23 130.2 156.6 161.5 19.1
125 MAXF-0125-040-20 40 16 310 16.63 17.04 279 35.0 234.9 8 23 130.2 156.6 161.5 20.1
150 MAXF-0150-023-20 23 5 255 50.92 203.27 318 37.0 269.9 12 23 155.0 186.2 228.6 25.4
150 MAXF-0150-050-20 50 20 360 23.16 23.27 318 37.0 269.9 12 23 155.0 186.2 228.6 26.9
200 MAXF-0200-028-20 28 4 270 52.86 347.55 381 41.5 330.2 12 26 206.2 242.2 394.8 37.3
200 MAXF-0200-063-20 63 20 380 23.98 38.98 381 41.5 330.2 12 26 206.2 242.2 394.8 40.0
250 MAXF-0250-028-20 28 3 285 61.12 603.16 445 48.0 387.3 16 29 260.3 296.3 608.3 52.9
250 MAXF-0250-060-20 60 16 395 27.76 69.18 445 48.0 387.3 16 29 260.3 296.3 608.3 56.4
300 MAXF-0300-024-20 24 2 295 88.98 1249.69 520 51.0 450.8 16 32 311.2 349.2 856.3 67.4
300 MAXF-0300-042-20 42 8 365 49.39 251.74 520 51.0 450.8 16 32 311.2 349.2 856.3 70.2
350 MAXF-0350-023-20 23 2 310 96.84 163.53 585 54.0 514.3 20 32 343.0 381.0 1029.2 99.9
350 MAXF-0350-042-20 42 7 380 53.78 328.98 585 54.0 514.3 20 32 343.0 381.0 1029.2 103.0
400 MAXF-0400-023-20 23 1.8 235 136.22 3807.04 650 57.5 571.5 20 35 390.4 440.4 1355.3 133.3
400 MAXF-0400-040-20 40 2 265 81.73 1022.35 650 57.5 571.5 20 35 390.4 440.4 1355.3 135.1
500 MAXF-0500-032-20 32 2.6 265 172.04 4154.18 775 63.5 685.8 24 35 486.5 541.5 2075.0 192.4
500 MAXF-0500-054-20 54 6 440 97.55 1112.96 775 63.5 685.8 24 35 486.5 541.5 2075.0 198.3
600 MAXF-0600-042-20 42 3.5 295 180.10 4241.63 915 70.0 812.8 24 42 586.6 651.6 3010.3 236.9
600 MAXF-0600-070-20 70 8 485 107.96 1135.41 915 70.0 812.8 24 42 586.6 651.6 3010.3 246.1

DN 40 - DN 100 : 2 PCS
DN 125 - DN 600 : 3 PCS
DN 700 : 4 PCS
DN 900 : 6 PCS B B B
DN 1000 : 7 PCS

B LATERAL EXPANSION JOINTS

Megaflexon standard lateral expansion joints are available in two designs. The light design, type MLW, MLF, has tie rods which
are secured to the flanges by means of nuts and a specially designed spherical disk, allowing angular movement between bolt
and flange.
The number of tie rods is dependent on diameter and pressure. MEGAFLEXON standard lateral expansion joint with tie rods is
available in a design with single or double tie rods.
The design with tie rods can only be used within a limited pressure range and a temperature range(max. 400℃).
Common to both models is the fact that tie rods and hinges alike have the task of absorbing the thrust forces arising from the
operating pressure. The tie rods and hinges make axial expansion impossible.
This means that a lateral expansion joint can only move sideways(laterally) on one or more planes, making it possible for those
movements which are perpendicular to the longitudinal direction to be absorbed. Lateral expansion joints are therefore ideal
for installation in pipe systems with bends.
● ADVANTAGE ● DISADVANTAGE
· Absorb thermal growth in all direction in · The changed flow direction
one plane
· A largely reduced load on fix point
▲ Lateral Expansion Joint with Welding Ends
▲ Lateral Expansion Joint with Fixed Flange Ends
70
B-1 Lateral Expansion Joints with Welding Ends
MOVEMENT SPRING RATE WELDING ENDS DIMENSIONS BELLOWS EFFECTIVE WEIGHT

Ln
DN TYPE +/- LA AX LA øD L2 S A B Di Do AREA APPROX
mm mm kgf/mm kgf/mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm cm2 kg

100 MLWS-0100-025-10 25 475 8.06 4.89 114.3 145 3.6 175 245 104.6 130.2 108.2 9.9
125 MLWS-0125-022-10 22 475 7.65 7.24 139.7 145 4.0 239 235 130.2 157.8 162.9 13.2
150 MLWS-0150-020-10 20 475 8.97 11.42 168.3 145 4.5 260 262 155.0 186.6 229.1 15.4
175 MLWS-0175-017-10 17 475 9.89 16.63 193.7 145 5.6 282 295 180.6 212.2 303.0 22.1
200 MLWS-0200-016-10 16 525 8.97 20.10 219.1 170 5.6 303 312 206.1 239.7 390.2 22.2
250 MLWS-0250-017-10 17 555 9.28 23.36 273.0 170 6.3 347 368 260.0 293.6 601.8 29.2
300 MLWS-0300-022-10 22 600 11.93 28.87 323.9 170 8.0 400 423 311.1 347.5 851.7 46.9
350 MLWS-0350-020-10 20 600 12.95 37.75 355.6 170 8.0 435 460 342.8 379.2 1023.5 56.6
400 MLWS-0400-022-10 22 630 11.12 34.18 404.6 170 8.0 506 528 389.9 437.1 1342.9 78.8
450 MLWS-0450-015-10 15 590 18.36 96.02 457.2 170 8.0 600 600 440.5 489.5 1698.2 99.3
500 MLWS-0500-023-10 23 775 17.85 67.04 508.0 225 8.0 675 675 485.4 536.4 2050.0 148.9
550 MLWS-0550-014-10 14 720 23.57 153.46 558.8 225 10.0 725 725 536.4 587.4 2479.8 157.8
600 MLWS-0600-022-10 22 790 24.08 119.38 609.6 225 10.0 790 790 585.6 645.6 2976.4 210.9
700 MLWS-0700-019-10 19 905 23.36 153.36 711.2 280 10.0 905 905 687.5 756.5 4094.2 306.8
800 MLWS-0800-016-10 16 905 25.61 218.36 812.8 280 10.0 1010 1010 789.5 858.5 5332.7 383.2
900 MLWS-0900-015-10 15 905 28.06 301.53 914.4 280 10.0 1105 1105 890.5 959.5 6720.1 448.8
1000 MLWS-1000-013-10 13 905 30.61 406.02 1016.0 280 10.0 1210 1210 992.5 1061.5 8283.8 504.7

A A
DN 40 - DN 100 : 2 PCS
DN 125 - DN 800 : 3 PCS
DN 900 : 4 PCS
DN 1000 : 5 PCS B B B


MOVEMENT SPRING RATE WELDING ENDS DIMENSIONS BELLOWS

EFFECTIVE WEIGHT
Ln
AREA APPROX
DN TYPE +/- LA AX LA øD L2 S A B Di Do
mm mm kgf/mm kgf/mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm cm2 kg
100 MLWS-0100-014-20 25 440 17.04 16.02 114.3 145 3.6 175 230 104.6 131.0 109.0 9.7
125 MLWS-0125-016-20 22 465 16.63 17.04 139.7 145 4.0 226 228 130.2 156.6 161.5 13.1
150 MLWS-0150-020-20 20 500 23.16 23.26 168.3 145 4.5 256 269 155.0 186.2 228.6 20.4
175 MLWS-0175-018-20 17 500 25.00 33.16 193.7 145 5.6 278 294 180.6 211.8 302.3 24.2
200 MLWS-0200-020-20 16 560 23.97 38.97 219.1 170 6.3 313 328 206.2 242.2 394.8 31.3
250 MLWS-0250-016-20 17 560 27.75 69.18 273.0 170 7.1 405 405 260.3 296.3 608.3 54.0
300 MLWS-0300-008-20 22 630 49.38 251.93 323.9 225 8.0 480 480 311.2 349.2 856.3 88.9
350 MLWS-0350-007-20 20 630 53.77 328.97 355.6 225 8.0 510 510 343.0 381.0 1029.2 98.6
400 MLWS-0400-013-20 22 690 45.40 205.61 404.6 225 10.0 580 580 390.4 440.4 1355.3 138.8
450 MLWS-0450-012-20 15 810 52.04 277.24 457.2 280 10.0 650 650 441.5 494.5 1720.2 199.5
500 MLWS-0500-012-20 23 810 69.69 448.26 508.0 280 10.0 695 695 486.5 541.5 2075.0 223.8
550 MLWS-0550-011-20 14 810 73.67 572.85 558.8 280 10.0 750 750 537.8 592.8 2509.9 273.2
600 MLWS-0600-016-20 22 875 77.14 457.04 609.6 280 12.0 805 805 586.6 651.6 3010.3 319.0

A A
DN 40 - DN 100 : 2 PCS
DN 125 - DN 450 : 3 PCS
DN 500 - DN 600 : 4 PCS
B B B

72
B-3 Lateral Expansion Joints with Fixed Flange Ends
D BC
D
D
MOVEMENT SPRING RATE FLANGES ACC. TO ASME STD. DIMENSIONS BELLOWS EFFECTIVE WEIGHT
Ln
DN TYPE +/- LA AX LA øD PCD t N ød2 A B Di Do AREA APPROX
mm mm kgf/mm kgf/mm mm mm mm EA mm mm mm cm2 kg cm2 kg
100 MLFS-0100-025-10 25 225 8.06 4.89 229 190.5 24.0 8 20.0 220 295 104.6 130.2 108.2 8.3
125 MLFS-0125-022-10 22 225 7.65 7.24 254 215.9 24.0 8 23.0 287 288 130.2 157.8 162.9 10.9
150 MLFS-0150-020-10 20 230 8.97 11.42 279 241.3 25.5 8 23.0 317 323 155.0 186.6 229.1 12.3
200 MLFS-0200-016-10 16 230 8.97 20.10 343 298.4 29.0 8 23.0 360 378 206.1 239.7 390.2 15.4
250 MLFS-0250-017-10 17 265 9.28 23.36 406 361.9 30.5 12 26.0 412 433 260.0 293.6 601.8 23.8
300 MLFS-0300-022-10 22 310 11.93 28.87 483 431.8 32.0 12 26.0 455 483 311.1 347.5 851.7 33.3
350 MLFS-0350-020-10 20 315 12.95 37.75 535 476.2 35.0 12 29.0 521 550 342.8 379.2 1023.5 43.6
400 MLFS-0400-022-10 22 355 11.12 34.18 595 539.7 37.0 16 29.0 573 610 389.9 437.1 1342.9 64.4
450 MLFS-0450-015-10 15 325 18.36 96.02 635 577.8 40.0 16 32.0 616 660 440.5 489.5 1698.2 68.8
500 MLFS-0500-023-10 23 400 17.85 67.04 700 635.0 43.0 20 32.0 693 730 485.4 536.4 2050.0 96.5
600 MLFS-0600-022-10 22 500 34.38 170.61 815 749.3 43.0 20 35.0 780 840 585.6 645.6 2976.4 138.6
700 MLFS-0700-019-10 19 505 33.36 219.08 927.1 863.6 71.0 24 35.0 896 965 687.5 756.5 4094.2 182.4
800 MLFS-0800-016-10 16 525 36.53 311.93 1060 978.0 81.0 28 41.0 1015 1080 789.5 858.5 5332.7 238.5
900 MLFS-0900-015-10 15 535 40.10 430.71 1168.4 1085.0 90.0 32 41 1115 1255 890.5 959.5 6720.1 274.9
1000 MLFS-1000-013-10 13 535 43.77 580.00 1289 1200.0 90.0 36 41 1306 1300 992.5 1061.5 8283.8 325.7

DN 40 - DN 100 : 2 PCS
DN 125 - DN 800 : 3 PCS
DN 900 : 6 PCS
B B B
DN 1000 : 7 PCS


D BC
D
D
MOVEMENT SPRING RATE FLANGES ACC. TO ASME B 16.5 DIMENSIONS BELLOWS

EFFECTIVE WEIGHT
Ln
AREA APPROX
DN TYPE +/- LA AX LA øD PCD t N ød2 A B Di Do
mm mm kgf/mm kgf/mm mm mm mm EA mm mm mm mm mm cm2 kg
100 MLFS-0100-014-20 14 200 17.04 16.02 254 200.0 32.0 8 23.0 235 310 104.6 131.0 109.0 14.4
125 MLFS-0125-016-20 16 225 16.63 17.04 279 234.9 35.0 8 23.0 304 308 130.2 156.6 161.5 20.1
150 MLFS-0150-020-20 20 265 23.16 23.26 318 269.9 37.0 12 23.0 330 337 155.0 186.2 228.6 26.9
200 MLFS-0200-020-20 20 380 23.97 38.97 381 330.2 41.5 12 26.0 395 405 206.2 242.2 394.8 40.0
250 MLFS-0250-016-20 16 395 27.75 69.18 445 387.3 48.0 16 29.0 452 470 260.3 296.3 608.3 56.4
300 MLFS-0300-008-20 8 365 49.38 251.93 520 450.8 51.0 16 32.0 532 545 311.2 349.2 856.3 70.2
350 MLFS-0350-007-20 7 380 53.77 328.97 585 514.3 54.0 20 32.0 593 615 343.0 381.0 1029.2 103.0
400 MLFS-0400-013-20 13 460 45.40 205.61 650 571.5 57.5 20 35.0 649 680 390.4 440.4 1355.3 142.3
500 MLFS-0500-012-20 12 500 69.69 448.26 775 685.8 63.5 24 35.0 763 800 486.5 541.5 2075.0 204.9
600 MLFS-0600-016-20 16 565 77.14 457.04 915 812.8 70.0 24 42.0 845 985 586.6 651.6 3010.3 233.0

DN 40 - DN 100 : 2 PCS
DN 125 - DN 600 : 3 PCS
DN 700 : 4 PCS
B B B
DN 900 : 6 PCS
DN 1000 : 7 PCS
74

Ln
mm mm kgf/mm kgf/mm mm mm mm EA mm mm mm cm2 kg
100 MLWD-0100-075-10 75 645 8.67 0.81 114.3 145 3.6 175 245 104.6 130.2 108.2 13.5
125 MLWD-0125-075-10 75 660 8.26 1.12 139.7 145 4.0 239 235 130.2 157.8 162.9 18.5
150 MLWD-0150-075-10 75 700 9.79 1.42 168.3 145 4.5 260 262 155.0 186.6 229.1 22.8
175 MLWD-0175-075-10 75 745 10.81 1.63 193.7 145 5.6 282 295 180.6 212.2 303.0 32.7
200 MLWD-0200-075-10 75 805 9.89 1.83 219.1 170 5.6 303 312 206.1 239.7 390.2 34.6
250 MLWD-0250-055-10 55 765 12.04 4.18 273.0 170 6.3 347 368 260.0 293.6 601.8 43.0
300 MLWD-0300-055-10 55 780 17.95 8.36 323.9 170 8.0 400 423 311.1 347.5 851.7 63.0
350 MLWD-0350-055-10 55 815 19.48 8.97 355.6 170 8.0 435 460 342.8 379.2 1023.5 79.9
400 MLWD-0400-055-10 55 748 14.48 16.22 404.6 170 8.0 506 528 389.9 437.1 1342.9 98.9
450 MLWD-0450-055-10 55 805 20.20 19.08 457.2 170 8.0 600 600 440.5 489.5 1698.2 128.5
500 MLWD-0500-055-10 55 910 19.69 29.18 508.0 225 8.0 675 675 485.4 536.4 2050.0 176.8
550 MLWD-0550-055-10 55 945 21.22 30.51 558.8 225 10.0 725 725 536.4 587.4 2479.8 202.7
600 MLWD-0600-055-10 55 1005 36.12 39.38 609.6 225 10.0 790 790 585.6 645.6 2976.4 266.3
700 MLWD-0700-055-10 55 1175 35.10 40.71 711.2 280 10.0 905 905 687.5 756.5 4094.2 392.1
800 MLWD-0800-055-10 55 1245 38.36 43.97 812.8 280 10.0 1010 1010 789.5 858.5 5332.7 503.3
900 MLWD-0900-055-10 55 1315 42.04 47.75 914.4 280 10.0 1105 1105 890.5 959.5 6720.1 603.6
1000 MLWD-1000-055-10 55 1385 46.02 51.83 1016.0 280 10.0 1210 1210 992.5 1061.5 8283.8 699.1

A A
DN 40 - DN 100 : 2 PCS
DN 125 - DN 800 : 3 PCS
DN 900 : 4 PCS
DN 1000 : 5 PCS B B B


Ln
mm mm kgf/mm kgf/mm mm mm mm EA mm mm mm cm2 kg
100 MLWD-0100-055-20 55 625 18.67 2.04 114.3 145 3.6 175 230 104.6 131.0 109.0 13.3
125 MLWD-0125-055-20 55 670 21.63 2.44 139.7 145 4.0 226 228 130.2 156.6 161.5 18.7
150 MLWD-0150-055-20 55 635 25.40 6.53 168.3 145 4.5 256 269 155.0 186.2 228.6 24.0
175 MLWD-0175-055-20 55 670 27.55 7.14 193.7 145 5.6 278 294 180.6 211.8 302.3 29.9
200 MLWD-0200-055-20 55 695 26.42 11.12 219.1 170 6.3 313 328 206.2 242.2 394.8 35.6
250 MLWD-0250-055-20 55 755 30.61 12.85 273.0 170 8.0 405 405 260.3 296.3 608.3 62.5
300 MLWD-0300-055-20 55 980 44.48 13.87 323.9 225 8.0 480 480 311.2 349.2 856.3 115.9
350 MLWD-0350-055-20 55 970 48.36 18.97 355.6 225 8.0 510 510 343.0 381.0 1029.2 129.7
400 MLWD-0400-055-20 55 895 40.81 39.69 406.4 225 10.0 580 580 390.4 440.4 1355.3 159.5
450 MLWD-0450-055-20 55 1025 46.93 52.75 457.2 280 10.0 650 650 441.5 494.5 1720.2 219.8
500 MLWD-0500-055-20 55 1070 48.77 62.85 505.0 280 10.0 695 695 486.5 541.5 2075.0 250.3
550 MLWD-0550-055-20 55 1070 51.53 80.30 558.8 280 10.0 750 750 537.8 592.8 2509.9 305.4
600 MLWD-0600-055-20 55 1165 53.97 77.04 609.6 280 12.0 805 805 586.6 651.6 3010.3 343.6
■ Number of Tie Rods

A
A A
DN 40 - DN 100 : 2 PCS
DN 125 - DN 450 : 3 PCS
DN 500 - DN 600 : 4 PCS
B B B
76
MOVEMENT SPRING RATE FLANGES ACC. TO ASME STD. DIMENSIONS BELLOWS EFFECTIVE WEIGHT
Ln
DN TYPE +/- LA AX LA øD PCD t N ød2 A B Di Do AREA APPROX
100 MLFD-0100-075-10 75 395 12.34 1.22 229 190.5 24.0 8 20 220 295 104.6 130.2 108.2 12.1
125 MLFD-0125-075-10 75 415 11.73 1.63 254 215.9 24.0 8 23 287 288 130.2 157.8 162.9 16.5
150 MLFD-0175-075-10 75 455 13.97 2.04 279 241.3 25.5 8 23 317 323 155.0 186.6 229.1 19.9
200 MLFD-0250-075-10 75 515 14.18 2.55 343 298.4 29.0 8 23 360 378 206.1 239.7 390.2 28.0
250 MLFD-0250-055-10 55 475 17.24 6.02 406 361.9 30.5 12 26 412 433 260.0 293.6 601.8 37.8
300 MLFD-0300-055-10 55 490 25.61 11.93 483 431.8 32.0 12 26 455 483 311.1 347.5 851.7 49.5
350 MLFD-0350-055-10 55 530 27.85 12.85 535 476.2 35.0 12 29 521 550 342.8 379.2 1023.5 66.8
400 MLFD-0400-055-10 55 470 20.71 23.16 596 539.7 37.0 16 29 573 610 389.9 437.1 1342.9 84.8
450 MLFD-0450-055-10 55 540 28.87 27.24 635 577.8 40.0 16 32 616 660 440.5 489.5 1698.2 98.3
500 MLFD-0500-055-10 55 535 28.06 41.63 700 635.0 43.0 20 32 693 730 485.4 536.4 2050.0 124.7
600 MLFD-0600-055-10 55 715 51.63 56.22 815 749.3 43.0 20 35 780 840 585.6 645.6 2976.4 157.5
700 MLFD-0700-055-10 55 775 50.10 58.16 927.1 863.6 71.0 24 35 896 965 687.5 756.5 4094.2 216.8
800 MLFD-0800-055-10 55 865 54.79 62.85 1060 978.0 81.0 28 41 1015 1080 789.5 858.5 5332.7 278.4
900 MLFD-0900-055-10 55 945 60.10 68.26 1168 1085.0 90.0 32 41 1115 1255 890.5 959.5 6720.1 323.2
1000 MLFD-1000-055-10 55 1015 65.71 74.08 1289 1200.0 90.0 36 41 1306 1300 992.5 1061.5 8283.8 383.8

DN 40 - DN 100 : 2 PCS
DN 125 - DN 800 : 3 PCS
DN 900 : 6 PCS
DN 1000 : 7PCS B B B


MOVEMENT SPRING RATE FLANGES ACC. TO ASME B 16.5 DIMENSIONS BELLOWS

EFFECTIVE WEIGHT
Ln
AREA APPROX
DN TYPE +/- LA AX LA øD PCD t N ød2 A B Di Do
100 MLFD-0100-055-20 55 385 26.73 2.85 254 200.0 32.0 8 23 235 310 104.6 131.0 109.0 15.8
125 MLFD-0125-055-20 55 430 30.91 3.46 279 234.9 35.0 8 23 304 308 130.2 156.6 161.5 21.6
150 MLFD-0150-055-20 55 400 36.32 9.38 318 269.9 37.0 12 23 330 337 155.0 186.2 228.6 23.3
200 MLFD-0200-055-20 55 515 37.75 15.81 381 330.2 41.5 12 26 395 405 206.2 242.2 394.8 38.3
250 MLFD-0250-055-20 55 590 43.67 18.36 445 387.3 48.0 16 29 452 470 260.3 296.3 608.3 57.2
300 MLFD-0300-055-20 55 715 63.57 19.79 520 450.8 51.0 16 32 532 545 311.2 349.2 856.3 88.4
350 MLFD-0350-055-20 55 720 69.08 27.04 585 514.3 54.0 20 32 593 615 343.0 381.0 1029.2 122.8
400 MLFD-0400-055-20 55 665 58.36 56.73 650 571.5 57.5 20 35 649 680 390.4 440.4 1355.3 151.9
500 MLFD-0500-055-20 55 760 69.69 89.79 775 685.8 63.5 24 35 763 800 486.5 541.5 2075.0 213.4
600 MLFD-0600-055-20 55 855 77.14 110.00 915 812.8 70.0 24 42 845 985 586.6 651.6 3010.3 280.4

DN 40 - DN 100 : 2 PCS
DN 125 - DN 600 : 3 PCS
DN 700 : 4 PCS
DN 900 : 6 PCS B B B
DN 1000 : 7 PCS

78
C ANGULAR EXPANSION JOINTS

Angular expansion joint is designed with flat steel fittings which are fitted through the flanges and welded onto them on the
outside. A cylindrical bolt, which allows angular movement in several planes, above center line of the bellows. The expansion
joint is made with 1 bellows. The Megaflexon expansion joint is fitted with flat iron fittings which are fitted through the flanges
and welded onto them on the outside. The fittings are secured to a middle ring with cylindrical bolts, which allow angular
movement in several planes, above the center line of the bellows.
The expansion joint is made with a single bellows. Common to both types is the fact that the fittings have the task of absorbing
the tensile forces arising from the operating pressure. The fitting make axial expansions impossible, which means that the
expansion joint can only absorb bending forces. Angular expansion joints are suitable for installations where it is not possible
to create sturdy fixing points, and in pipe systems where bending occurs.
Since the angular expansion joints can only absorb bending, at least, 2 or 3 angular expansion joints are required everytime to
ensure correct absorption of the movements.
Two angular expansion joints correspond functionally to one lateral expansion joint, for which reason angular expansion joints
are often used in pairs.
● ADVANTAGE
· Absorb a relatively large movement by means
of combination of this type of expansion joint
· A largely reduced load on fix point
● DISADVANTAGE
· The changed flow direction
· Relatively large space required on designing and
installation
▲ Angular Expansion Joint with Hinge and Welding Ends
▲ Angular Expansion Joint with Hinge Fixed Flange Ends

C-1 Angular Expansion Joints with Hinge and Welding Ends

Ln
DN TYPE +/- ANG ANG øD L2 S A B Di Do AREA APPROX
deg mm kgf·mm/deg mm mm mm mm mm mm mm cm2 kg
100 MANW-0100-015-10 15 315 753.57 114.3 110 3.6 155 210 104.6 130.2 108.2 6.2
100 MANW-0100-020-10 20 405 351.63 114.3 110 3.6 155 210 104.6 130.2 108.2 7.1
125 MANW-0125-015-10 15 315 156.83 139.7 110 4.0 180 280 130.2 157.8 162.9 13.6
125 MANW-0125-020-10 20 405 501.73 139.7 110 4.0 180 280 130.2 157.8 162.9 15.8
150 MANW-0150-015-10 15 315 1803.67 168.3 110 4.5 230 315 155.0 186.6 229.1 17.1
150 MANW-0150-020-10 20 405 819.79 168.3 110 4.5 230 315 155.0 186.6 229.1 19.3
175 MANW-0175-014-10 14 315 2624.79 193.7 110 5.6 255 350 180.6 212.2 303.0 20.0
175 MANW-0175-020-10 20 405 1193.06 193.7 110 5.6 255 350 180.6 212.2 303.0 22.3
200 MANW-0200-014-10 14 315 3094.89 219.1 110 5.6 280 390 206.1 239.7 390.2 25.4
200 MANW-0200-020-10 20 405 1406.83 219.1 110 5.6 280 390 206.1 239.7 390.2 27.8
250 MANW-0250-010-10 10 335 5787.24 273.0 120 6.3 355 455 260.0 293.6 601.8 35.1
250 MANW-0250-020-10 20 455 2225.91 273.0 120 6.3 355 455 260.0 293.6 601.8 38.7
300 MANW-0300-009-10 9 340 12199.28 323.9 120 8.0 425 560 311.1 347.5 851.7 68.8
300 MANW-0300-020-10 20 500 4066.42 323.9 120 8.0 425 560 311.1 347.5 851.7 83.5
350 MANW-0350-008-10 8 340 15961.42 355.6 120 8.0 455 590 342.8 379.2 1023.5 74.1
350 MANW-0350-020-10 20 500 5320.51 355.6 120 8.0 455 590 342.8 379.2 1023.5 89.2
400 MANW-0400-010-10 10 365 15584.28 406.4 120 8.0 505 645 389.9 437.1 1342.9 92.6
400 MANW-0400-020-10 20 530 5993.87 406.4 120 8.0 505 645 389.9 437.1 1342.9 111.1
450 MANW-0450-008-10 8 395 27408.46 457.2 135 8.0 575 710 440.5 489.5 1698.2 112.7
450 MANW-0450-015-10 15 520 12458.36 457.2 135 8.0 575 710 440.5 489.5 1698.2 129.6
500 MANW-0500-011-10 11 435 32153.77 508.0 135 8.0 630 755 485.4 536.4 2050.0 123.9
500 MANW-0500-020-10 20 595 14615.40 508.0 135 8.0 630 755 485.4 536.4 2050.0 142.8
550 MANW-0550-010-10 10 435 42034.18 558.8 135 10.0 680 805 536.4 587.4 2479.8 147.0
550 MANW-0550-014-10 14 540 23299.48 558.8 135 10.0 680 805 536.4 587.4 2479.8 157.3
600 MANW-0600-007-10 7 405 85920.00 609.6 135 10.0 750 885 585.6 645.6 2976.4 188.3
600 MANW-0600-020-10 20 610 28641.02 609.6 135 10.0 750 885 585.6 645.6 2976.4 217.5
700 MANW-0700-006-10 6 410 114728.06 711.2 135 10.0 870 1035 587.5 756.5 3546.7 278.4
700 MANW-0700-019-10 19 615 38242.65 711.2 135 10.0 870 1035 587.5 756.5 3546.7 322.4
800 MANW-0800-005-10 5 440 163319.38 812.8 150 10.0 995 1150 789.5 858.5 5332.7 371.1
800 MANW-0800-016-10 16 645 54439.79 812.8 150 10.0 995 1150 789.5 858.5 5332.7 418.9
900 MANW-0900-004-10 4 440 225555.81 914.4 150 10.0 1095 1250 890.5 959.5 6720.1 411.7
900 MANW-0900-015-10 15 645 75185.30 914.4 150 10.0 1095 1250 890.5 959.5 6720.1 466.0
1000 MANW-1000-004-10 4 440 303678.06 1016.0 150 10.0 1215 1365 992.5 1061.5 8283.8 516.3
1000 MANW-1000-013-10 13 645 10226.02 1016.0 150 10.0 1215 1365 992.5 1061.5 8283.8 577.7
A A
B B
80
C-2 Angular Expansion Joints with Hinge and Welding Ends

Ln
100 MANW-0100-015-20 15 295 1650.71 114.3 110 3.6 175 260 104.6 131.0 109.0 13.3
100 MANW-0100-020-20 20 370 750.30 114.3 110 3.6 175 260 104.6 131.0 109.0 15.1
125 MANW-0125-012-20 12 295 2825.30 139.7 110 4 200 285 130.2 156.6 161.5 17.1
125 MANW-0125-020-20 20 395 1086.63 139.7 110 4 200 285 130.2 156.6 161.5 19.7
150 MANW-0150-015-20 15 345 4707.65 168.3 120 4.5 250 325 155.0 186.2 228.6 23.7
150 MANW-0150-020-20 20 450 2139.79 168.3 120 4.5 250 325 155.0 186.2 228.6 26.9
175 MANW-0175-014-20 14 345 6714.69 193.7 120 5.6 275 360 180.6 211.8 302.3 27.5
175 MANW-0175-020-20 20 450 3052.14 193.7 120 5.6 275 360 180.6 211.8 302.3 30.9
200 MANW-0200-015-20 15 350 8426.73 219.1 120 6.3 320 450 206.2 242.2 394.8 55.3
200 MANW-0200-020-20 20 460 3830.30 219.1 120 6.3 320 450 206.2 242.2 394.8 63.1
250 MANW-0250-012-20 12 380 14962.75 273.0 135 7.1 395 515 260.3 296.3 608.3 78.3
250 MANW-0250-020-20 20 490 6801.22 273.0 135 7.1 395 515 260.3 296.3 608.3 87.0
300 MANW-0300-008-20 8 380 30607.85 323.9 135 8 445 570 311.2 349.2 856.3 96.7
300 MANW-0300-015-20 15 450 17004.38 323.9 135 8 445 570 311.2 349.2 856.3 102.8
350 MANW-0350-007-20 7 380 399595.79 355.6 135 8 495 610 343.0 381.0 1029.2 112.2
350 MANW-0350-013-20 13 450 22199.89 355.6 135 8 495 610 343.0 381.0 1029.2 118.6
400 MANW-0400-010-20 10 415 45668.67 406.4 135 10 565 720 393.9 443.9 1378.2 177.5
400 MANW-0400-019-20 19 510 24775.71 406.4 135 10 565 720 393.9 443.9 1378.2 192.5
450 MANW-0450-009-20 9 450 64981.22 457.2 150 10 635 785 441.5 494.5 1720.2 227.8
450 MANW-0450-017-20 17 550 36100.71 457.2 150 10 635 785 441.5 494.5 1720.2 245.9
500 MANW-0500-012-20 12 490 81412.75 508.0 150 10 690 830 486.5 541.5 2075.0 266.5
500 MANW-0500-017-20 17 550 58151.93 508.0 150 10 690 830 486.5 541.5 2075.0 277.3
550 MANW-0550-011-20 11 490 104057.14 558.8 150 10 740 885 537.8 592.8 2509.9 296.3
550 MANW-0550-015-20 15 550 74326.14 558.8 150 10 740 885 537.8 592.8 2509.9 308.4
600 MANW-0600-012-20 12 535 130904.89 609.6 150 12 810 950 586.6 651.6 3010.3 387.6
600 MANW-0600-018-20 18 615 93524.89 609.6 150 12 810 950 586.6 651.6 3010.3 407.0
A A
B B

C-3 Angular Expansion Joints with Hinge Fixed Flange Ends
D
BC
MOVEMENT SPRING RATE FLANGES ACC. TO ASME B 16.5 DIMENSIONS BELLOWS EFFECTIVE WEIGHT
Ln
DN TYPE +/- ANG ANG t PCD N ød2 A B Di Do AREA APPROX
deg mm kgf·mm/deg mm mm EA mm mm mm mm mm cm2 kg
100 MANF-0100-015-10 15 110 753.57 24.0 190.5 8 20 220 285 104.6 130.2 108.2 4.5
100 MANF-0100-020-10 20 200 351.63 24.0 190.5 8 20 220 285 104.6 130.2 108.2 5.4
125 MANF-0125-015-10 15 115 1075.20 24.0 215.9 8 23 250 365 130.2 157.8 162.9 8.0
125 MANF-0125-020-10 20 210 501.73 24.0 215.9 8 23 250 365 130.2 157.8 162.9 10.3
150 MANF-0150-015-10 15 120 1803.67 25.5 241.3 8 23 285 400 155.0 186.6 229.1 13.2
150 MANF-0150-020-10 20 210 819.79 25.5 241.3 8 23 285 400 155.0 186.6 229.1 15.4
200 MANF-0200-014-10 14 130 3094.89 29.0 298.4 8 23 340 475 206.1 239.7 390.2 21.1
200 MANF-0200-020-10 20 220 1406.83 29.0 298.4 8 23 340 475 206.1 239.7 390.2 23.6
250 MANF-0250-010-10 15 130 5787.24 30.5 361.9 12 26 395 530 260.0 293.6 601.8 23.8
250 MANF-0250-020-10 20 250 2225.91 30.5 361.9 12 26 395 530 260.0 293.6 601.8 27.3
300 MANF-0300-009-10 9 145 12199.28 32.0 431.8 12 26 445 630 311.1 347.5 851.7 49.2
300 MANF-0300-020-10 20 305 4066.42 32.0 431.8 12 26 445 630 311.1 347.5 851.7 63.8
350 MANF-0350-008-10 8 145 15961.42 35.0 476.2 12 29 505 690 342.8 379.2 1023.5 57.1
350 MANF-0350-020-10 20 305 5320.51 35.0 476.2 12 29 505 690 342.8 379.2 1023.5 72.2
400 MANF-0400-010-10 10 180 15584.28 37.0 539.7 16 29 565 760 389.9 437.1 1342.9 77.7
400 MANF-0400-020-10 20 345 5993.97 37.0 539.7 16 29 565 760 389.9 437.1 1342.9 96.1
450 MANF-0450-008-10 8 180 27408.46 40.0 577.8 16 32 615 810 440.5 489.5 1698.2 82.0
450 MANF-0450-015-10 15 305 12458.36 43.0 577.8 16 32 615 810 440.5 489.5 1698.2 98.9
500 MANF-0500-011-10 11 220 32153.77 43.0 635.0 20 32 670 865 485.4 536.4 2050.0 88.5
500 MANF-0500-020-10 20 380 14615.40 43.0 635.0 20 32 670 865 485.4 536.4 2050.0 107.4
600 MANF-0600-007-10 7 200 85920.00 43.0 749.3 20 35 780 985 585.6 645.6 2976.4 114.4
600 MANF-0600-020-10 20 405 28640.00 43.0 749.3 20 35 780 985 585.6 645.6 2976.4 143.6
700 MANF-0700-006-10 6 215 114728.06 71.0 863.6 24 35 895 1140 687.5 756.5 4094.2 179.4
700 MANF-0700-019-10 19 420 38242.65 71.0 863.6 24 35 895 1140 687.5 756.5 4094.2 223.5
800 MANF-0800-005-10 5 225 163319.38 81.0 978.0 28 41 1015 1280 789.5 858.5 5332.7 229.6
800 MANF-0800-016-10 16 430 54439.79 81.0 978.0 28 41 1015 1280 789.5 858.5 5332.7 277.4
900 MANF-0900-004-10 4 235 225555.81 90.0 1085.0 32 41 1115 1390 890.5 959.5 6720.1 268.3
900 MANF-0900-015-10 15 440 75185.30 90.0 1085.0 32 41 1115 1390 890.5 959.5 6720.1 322.6
1000 MANF-1000-004-10 4 245 303678.06 90.0 1200.0 36 41 1230 1515 992.5 1061.5 8283.8 337.3
1000 MANF-1000-013-10 13 450 101226.02 90.0 1200.0 36 41 1230 1515 992.5 1061.5 8283.8 398.6
A A
B B
82
C-4 Angular Expansion Joints with Hinge Fixed Flange Ends
D
BC
Ln
100 MANF-0100-015-20 15 110 1650.71 32.0 200.0 8 23 235 360 104.6 131.0 109.0 15.6
100 MANF-0100-020-20 20 185 750.30 32.0 200.0 8 23 235 360 104.6 131.0 109.0 17.4
125 MANF-0125-012-20 15 110 2528.30 35.0 234.9 8 23 270 395 130.2 156.6 161.5 17.7
125 MANF-0125-020-20 20 210 1086.63 35.0 234.9 8 23 270 395 130.2 156.6 161.5 20.3
150 MANF-0150-015-20 15 140 4707.65 37.0 269.9 12 23 300 425 155.0 186.2 228.6 21.3
150 MANF-0150-020-20 20 245 2139.79 37.0 269.9 12 23 300 425 155.0 186.2 228.6 24.4
200 MANF-0200-015-20 15 165 8426.73 41.5 330.2 12 26 360 555 206.2 242.2 394.8 57.3
200 MANF-0200-020-20 20 275 3830.30 41.5 330.2 12 26 360 555 206.2 242.2 394.8 65.2
250 MANF-0250-012-20 12 165 14962.75 48.0 387.3 16 29 425 620 260.3 296.3 608.3 66.7
250 MANF-0250-020-20 20 275 6801.22 48.0 387.3 16 29 425 620 260.3 296.3 608.3 75.4
300 MANF-0300-008-20 8 175 30607.85 51.0 450.8 16 32 485 690 311.2 349.2 856.3 85.8
300 MANF-0300-015-20 15 245 17004.38 51.0 450.8 16 32 485 690 311.2 349.2 856.3 91.9
350 MANF-0350-007-20 7 185 39959.79 54.0 514.3 20 32 555 770 343.0 381.0 1029.2 122.1
350 MANF-0350-013-20 13 255 22199.89 54.0 514.3 20 32 555 770 343.0 381.0 1029.2 128.5
400 MANF-0400-010-20 10 230 45668.67 57.5 571.5 20 35 620 885 393.9 443.9 1378.2 193.1
400 MANF-0400-019-20 19 325 24775.71 57.5 571.5 20 35 620 885 393.9 443.9 1378.2 208.0
500 MANF-0500-012-20 12 285 81412.75 63.5 685.8 24 35 730 1005 486.5 541.5 2075.0 252.8
500 MANF-0500-017-20 17 345 58151.93 63.5 685.8 24 35 730 1005 486.5 541.5 2075.0 263.6
600 MANF-0600-012-20 12 340 28894.08 70.0 812.8 24 42 845 1120 586.6 651.6 3010.3 360.5
600 MANF-0600-018-20 18 420 93524.89 70.0 812.8 24 42 845 1120 586.6 651.6 3010.3 379.9
A A
B B

D GIMBAL EXPANSION JOINTS

This type of expansion joint has similar structure with a hinged expansion joints and is designed to permit angular rotation
in any plane by the use of two pairs of hinges affixed to a common floating gimbal ring. Normally, the thermal growth from
two different directions on two planes are absorbed by two pair of this type expansion joints, that is, the double gimbal type
expansion joint.
In designing, the thrust of the expansion joint, which is developed from internal pressure and extraneous force, should be
carefully considered to be retained by the hardware, including gimbal ring, hinges and pins.
MEGAFLEXON Double Gimbal Expansion Joint are similar to the hinged universal except that the two joints are gimbal type.
The advantage of this arrangement is the ability to absorb a large lateral movement in any plane at each end. Because the
gimbals are attached to each end of the bellows, the thermal expansion of the intermediate pipe will not be absorbed by the
universal but must be accepted by the adjacent piping.
■ Service Pressure : 1-20kgf/cm2
▲ Gimbal Expansion Joint with Welding Ends ▲ Gimbal Expansion Joint with Fixed Flange Ends
84
D-1 Gimbal Expansion Joints with Welding Ends

Ln
100 MGWS-0100-015-10 15 315 753.57 114.3 110 3.6 180 210 104.6 130.2 108.2 6.2
100 MGWS-0100-020-10 20 405 351.63 114.3 110 3.6 180 210 104.6 130.2 108.2 7.1
125 MGWS-0125-015-10 15 315 1075.20 139.7 110 4.0 240 280 130.2 157.8 162.9 11.9
125 MGWS-0125-020-10 20 405 501.73 139.7 110 4.0 240 280 130.2 157.8 162.9 14.2
150 MGWS-0150-015-10 15 315 1803.67 168.3 110 4.5 265 315 155.0 186.6 229.1 17.1
150 MGWS-0150-020-10 20 405 819.79 168.3 110 4.5 265 315 155.0 186.6 229.1 19.3
175 MGWS-0175-014-10 14 315 2624.79 193.7 110 5.6 300 350 180.6 212.2 303.0 20.0
175 MGWS-0175-020-10 20 405 1193.06 193.7 110 5.6 300 350 180.6 212.2 303.0 22.3
200 MGWS-0200-014-10 14 315 3094.89 219.1 110 5.6 340 390 206.1 239.7 390.2 22.3
200 MGWS-0200-020-10 20 405 1406.83 219.1 110 5.6 340 390 206.1 239.7 390.2 24.7
250 MGWS-0250-010-10 10 335 5787.24 273.0 120 6.3 395 455 260.0 293.6 601.8 35.1
250 MGWS-0250-020-10 20 455 2225.91 273.0 120 6.3 395 455 260.0 293.6 601.8 38.7
300 MGWS-0300-009-10 9 340 12199.28 323.9 120 8.0 480 560 311.1 347.5 851.7 68.8
300 MGWS-0300-020-10 20 500 4038.87 323.9 120 8.0 480 560 311.1 347.5 851.7 83.4
350 MGWS-0350-008-10 8 340 15961.42 355.6 120 8.0 510 590 342.8 379.2 1023.5 74.1
350 MGWS-0350-020-10 20 500 5320.51 355.6 120 8.0 510 590 342.8 379.2 1023.5 89.2
400 MGWS-0400-010-10 10 365 15584.28 406.4 120 8.0 565 645 389.9 437.1 1342.9 84.2
400 MGWS-0400-020-10 20 530 5993.87 406.4 120 8.0 565 645 389.9 437.1 1342.9 102.7
450 MGWS-0450-008-10 8 395 27408.46 457.2 135 8.0 620 710 440.5 489.5 1698.2 112.7
450 MGWS-0450-015-10 15 520 12458.36 457.2 135 8.0 620 710 440.5 489.5 1698.2 129.6
500 MGWS-0500-011-10 11 435 32153.77 508.0 135 8.0 665 755 485.4 536.4 2050.0 123.9
500 MGWS-0500-020-10 20 595 14615.40 508.0 135 8.0 665 755 485.4 536.4 2050.0 142.8
550 MGWS-0550-010-10 10 435 42034.18 558.8 135 10.0 715 805 536.4 587.4 2479.8 134.9
550 MGWS-0550-014-10 14 540 23299.48 558.8 135 10.0 715 805 536.4 587.4 2479.8 145.2
600 MGWS-0600-007-10 7 405 85920.00 609.6 135 10.0 785 885 585.6 645.6 2976.4 173.1
600 MGWS-0600-020-10 20 610 28640.00 609.6 135 10.0 785 885 585.6 645.6 2976.4 202.3
700 MGWS-0700-006-10 6 410 114728.06 711.2 135 10.0 915 1035 687.5 756.5 4094.2 257.9
700 MGWS-0700-019-10 19 615 38242.65 711.2 135 10.0 915 1035 687.5 756.5 4094.2 302.0
800 MGWS-0800-005-10 5 440 163319.38 812.8 150 10.0 1020 1150 789.5 858.5 5332.7 345.7
800 MGWS-0800-016-10 16 645 54439.79 812.8 150 10.0 1020 1150 789.5 858.5 5332.7 393.6
900 MGWS-0900-004-10 4 440 225555.81 914.4 150 10.0 1120 1250 890.5 959.5 6720.1 383.9
900 MGWS-0900-015-10 15 645 75185.30 914.4 150 10.0 1120 1250 890.5 959.5 6720.1 438.2
1000 MGWS-1000-004-10 4 440 303678.06 1016.0 150 10.0 1225 1365 992.5 1061.5 8283.8 483.2
1000 MGWS-1000-013-10 13 645 10226.02 1016.0 150 10.0 1225 1365 992.5 1061.5 8283.8 544.5

D-2 Gimbal Expansion Joints with Welding Ends

Ln
100 MGWS-0100-015-20 15 295 1650.71 114.3 130 3.6 210 260 104.6 131.0 109.0 18.0
100 MGWS-0100-030-20 30 370 750.30 114.3 130 3.6 210 260 104.6 131.0 109.0 20.9
125 MGWS-0125-012-20 12 295 2825.30 139.7 135 4.0 235 285 130.2 156.6 161.5 19.8
125 MGWS-0125-030-20 30 395 1086.63 139.7 135 4.0 235 285 130.2 156.6 161.5 23.9
150 MGWS-0150-015-20 15 345 4707.65 168.3 135 4.5 265 325 155.0 186.2 228.6 29.3
150 MGWS-0150-030-20 30 450 2139.79 168.3 135 4.5 265 325 155.0 186.2 228.6 34.1
175 MGWS-0175-014-20 14 345 6714.69 193.7 135 5.6 300 360 180.6 211.8 302.3 33.0
175 MGWS-0175-030-20 30 450 3052.14 193.7 135 5.6 300 360 180.6 211.8 302.3 38.0
200 MGWS-0200-015-20 15 350 8426.73 219.1 140 6.3 370 450 206.2 242.2 394.8 72.1
200 MGWS-0200-030-20 30 460 3830.30 219.1 140 6.3 370 450 206.2 242.2 394.8 85.1
250 MGWS-0250-012-20 12 380 14962.75 273.0 160 7.1 425 515 260.3 296.3 608.3 96.7
250 MGWS-0250-025-20 25 490 6801.22 273.0 160 7.1 425 515 260.3 296.3 608.3 110.5
300 MGWS-0300-008-20 8 380 30607.85 323.9 180 8.0 480 570 311.2 349.2 856.3 106.8
300 MGWS-0300-015-20 15 450 17004.38 323.9 180 8.0 480 570 311.2 349.2 856.3 116.2
350 MGWS-0350-007-20 7 380 399595.79 355.6 185 8.0 510 610 343.0 381.0 1029.2 130.9
350 MGWS-0350-013-20 13 450 22199.89 355.6 185 8.0 510 610 343.0 381.0 1029.2 140.6
400 MGWS-0400-010-20 10 415 45668.67 406.4 220 10.0 600 720 393.9 443.9 1378.2 212.7
400 MGWS-0400-019-20 19 510 24775.71 406.4 220 10.0 600 720 393.9 443.9 1378.2 235.4
450 MGWS-0450-009-20 9 450 64981.22 457.2 220 10.0 655 785 441.5 494.5 1720.2 265.9
450 MGWS-0450-017-20 17 550 36100.71 457.2 220 10.0 655 785 441.5 494.5 1720.2 292.1
500 MGWS-0500-012-20 12 490 81412.75 508.0 220 10.0 700 830 486.5 541.5 2075.0 290.5
500 MGWS-0500-017-20 17 550 58151.93 508.0 220 10.0 700 830 486.5 541.5 2075.0 306.2
550 MGWS-0550-011-20 11 490 104057.14 558.8 225 10.0 755 885 537.8 592.8 2509.9 325.4
550 MGWS-0550-015-20 15 550 74326.53 558.8 225 10.0 755 885 537.8 592.8 2509.9 343.2
600 MGWS-0600-012-20 12 535 130904.89 609.6 225 11.0 810 950 586.6 651.6 3010.3 426.4
600 MGWS-0600-018-20 18 615 93524.89 609.6 225 11.0 810 950 586.6 651.6 3010.3 454.6
86
D-3 Gimbal Expansion Joints with Fixed Flange Ends
BCD
Ln
100 MGFS-0100-015-10 15 110 753.57 24.0 190.5 8.0 20 220 285.0 104.6 130.2 108.2 7.3
100 MGFS-0100-020-10 20 200 351.63 24.0 190.5 8.0 20 220 285.0 104.6 130.2 108.2 8.1
125 MGFS-0125-015-10 15 115 1075.20 24.0 215.9 8.0 23 250 365.0 130.2 157.8 162.9 20.8
125 MGFS-0125-020-10 20 210 501.73 24.0 215.9 8.0 23 250 365.0 130.2 157.8 162.9 19.8
150 MGFS-0150-015-10 15 120 1803.67 25.5 241.3 8.0 23 285 400.0 155.0 186.6 229.1 23.7
150 MGFS-0150-020-10 20 210 819.79 25.5 241.3 8.0 23 285 400.0 155.0 186.6 229.1 25.9
200 MGFS-0200-014-10 14 130 3094.89 29.0 298.4 8.0 23 340 475.0 206.1 239.7 390.2 36.2
200 MGFS-0200-020-10 20 220 1406.83 29.0 298.4 8.0 23 340 475.0 206.1 239.7 390.2 38.6
250 MGFS-0250-010-10 10 130 5787.24 30.5 361.9 12.0 26 395 530.0 260.0 293.6 601.8 45.2
250 MGFS-0250-020-10 20 250 2225.91 30.5 361.9 12.0 26 395 530.0 260.0 293.6 601.8 48.8
300 MGFS-0300-009-10 9 145 12199.28 32.0 431.8 12.0 26 445 630.0 311.1 347.5 851.7 88.7
300 MGFS-0300-020-10 20 305 4066.42 32.0 431.8 12.0 26 445 630.0 311.1 347.5 851.7 103.4
350 MGFS-0350-008-10 8 145 15961.42 35.0 476.2 12.0 29 505 690.0 342.8 379.2 1023.5 106.7
350 MGFS-0350-020-10 20 305 5320.51 35.0 476.2 12.0 29 505 690.0 342.8 379.2 1023.5 121.8
400 MGFS-0400-010-10 10 180 15584.28 37.0 539.7 16.0 29 565 760.0 389.9 437.1 1342.9 144.5
400 MGFS-0400-020-10 20 345 5993.97 37.0 539.7 16.0 29 565 760.0 389.9 437.1 1342.9 163.0
450 MGFS-0450-008-10 8 180 27408.46 40.0 577.8 16.0 32 615 810.0 440.5 489.5 1698.2 167.1
450 MGFS-0450-015-10 15 305 12458.36 43.0 577.8 16.0 32 615 810.0 440.5 489.5 1698.2 184.1
500 MGFS-0500-011-10 11 220 32153.77 43.0 635 20.0 32 670 865.0 485.4 536.4 2050.0 190.9
500 MGFS-0500-020-10 20 380 14615.40 43.0 635 20.0 32 670 865.0 485.4 536.4 2050.0 209.9
600 MGFS-0600-007-10 7 200 85920.00 43.0 749.3 20.0 35 780 985.0 585.6 645.6 2976.4 268.4
600 MGFS-0600-020-10 20 405 28640.00 43.0 749.3 20.0 35 780 985.0 585.6 645.6 2976.4 297.5
700 MGFS-0700-006-10 6 215 114728.06 71.0 863.6 24.0 35 895 1140.0 687.5 756.5 4094.2 439.2
700 MGFS-0700-019-10 19 420 38242.65 71.0 863.6 24.0 35 895 1140.0 687.5 756.5 4094.2 483.3
800 MGFS-0800-005-10 5 225 1632.59 81.0 978 28.0 41 1015 1280.0 789.5 858.5 5332.7 579.7
800 MGFS-0800-016-10 16 430 54439.79 81.0 978 28.0 41 1015 1280.0 789.5 858.5 5332.7 627.5
900 MGFS-0900-004-10 4 235 225555.81 90.0 1085 32.0 41 1115 1390.0 890.5 959.5 6720.1 726.1
900 MGFS-0900-015-10 15 440 75185.30 90.0 1085 32.0 41 1115 1390.0 890.5 959.5 6720.1 780.4
1000 MGFS-1000-004-10 4 245 303678.06 90.0 1200 36.0 41 1230 1515.0 992.5 1061.5 8283.8 913.6
1000 MGFS-1000-013-10 13 450 101226.02 90.0 1200 36.0 41 1230 1515.0 992.5 1061.5 8283.8 974.9

D-4 Gimbal Expansion Joints with Fixed Flange Ends
BCD
Ln
100 MGFS-0100-015-20 15 125 1650.71 32.0 200.0 8 23 235 360 104.6 131.0 109.0 22.1
100 MGFS-0100-020-20 20 185 750.30 32.0 200.0 8 23 235 360 104.6 131.0 109.0 23.7
125 MGFS-0125-012-20 12 125 2528.30 35.0 234.9 8 23 270 395 130.2 156.6 161.5 27.0
125 MGFS-0125-020-20 20 210 1086.63 35.0 234.9 8 23 270 395 130.2 156.6 161.5 29.3
150 MGFS-0150-015-20 15 160 4707.65 37.0 269.9 12 23 300 425 155.0 186.2 228.6 32.6
150 MGFS-0150-020-20 20 245 2139.79 37.0 269.9 12 23 300 425 155.0 186.2 228.6 35.4
200 MGFS-0200-015-20 15 270 8426.73 41.5 330.2 12 26 360 555 206.2 242.2 394.8 93.3
200 MGFS-0200-020-20 20 275 3830.30 41.5 330.2 12 26 360 555 206.2 242.2 394.8 96.2
250 MGFS-0250-012-20 12 285 14962.75 48.0 387.3 16 29 425 620 260.3 296.3 608.3 115.2
250 MGFS-0250-020-20 20 275 6801.22 48.0 387.3 16 29 425 620 260.3 296.3 608.3 118.2
300 MGFS-0300-008-20 8 295 30607.85 51.0 450.8 16 32 485 690 311.2 349.2 856.3 144.7
300 MGFS-0300-015-20 15 245 17004.38 51.0 450.8 16 32 485 690 311.2 349.2 856.3 145.2
350 MGFS-0350-007-20 7 310 39959.79 54.0 514.3 20 32 555 770 343.0 381.0 1029.2 193.8
350 MGFS-0350-013-20 13 255 22199.89 54.0 514.3 20 32 555 770 343.0 381.0 1029.2 194.3
400 MGFS-0400-010-20 10 365 45668.67 57.5 571.5 20 35 620 885 393.9 443.9 1378.2 312.6
400 MGFS-0400-019-20 19 325 24775.71 57.5 571.5 20 35 620 885 393.9 443.9 1378.2 316.6
500 MGFS-0500-012-20 12 440 81412.75 63.5 685.8 24 35 730 1005 486.5 541.5 2075.0 416.6
500 MGFS-0500-017-20 17 345 58151.93 63.5 685.8 24 35 730 1005 486.5 541.5 2075.0 414.7
600 MGFS-0600-012-20 12 485 130934.89 70.0 812.8 24 42 845 1120 586.6 651.6 3010.3 582.0
600 MGFS-0600-018-20 18 420 93524.89 70.0 812.8 24 42 845 1120 586.6 651.6 3010.3 585.4
88
E REFERENCE DATA
■ The Thermal Expansion of Pipe
The below table shows the thermal expansion of pipe per 1M and pipe material (Aluminum, copper, steel and iron) and
thermal expansion coefficient (β)
When estimating the thermal growth, the flowing procedure shall be applied.
△ L= β(T-t)L
△ L= pipe expending amount

L = pipe length
β = thermal expansion coefficient
T = max. temperature
t = min. temperature
■ The Example of Calculation
Nominal diameter : 250A

Pipe material : SPP
Fluid : steam
Service temperature : Tmax = 160 ℃, Tmin = -10 ℃
Installation temperature : Ts = 20℃
The pipe length : L = 30m (the length between main fix points on straght line)
Pressure : 5kgf/cm2
The thermal coefficient of pipe : =12.0 × 10-3 mm/m/℃
△
L = (Tmax - Tmin) × β × L = [160 - (-10)] × 12.0 × 10-3 × 30 = 61.2mm

E Reference Data
■ The Thermal Expansion of Pipe
β=10-3mm/m/℃
Min.
Max. Temp. 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40
Temp.
-40 11.1 11.1 11.0 10.0 10.9 10.9 10.8 10.8

-30 11.2 11.1 11.0 11.0 10.9 10.9 10.9 10.8
-20 11.2 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.00 11.0 10.9 10.8
-10 11.3 11.2 11.1 11.0 11.00 11.0 10.9 10.9
0 11.4 11.3 11.2 11.1 11.0 11.0 10.9 10.9
10 11.4 11.4 11.2 11.1 11.0 11.0 11.0 10.9
20 11.6 11.5 11.2 11.2 11.1 11.0 11.0 11
30 11.6 11.5 11.4 11.3 11.2 11.1 11.1 11.1
40 11.6 11.6 11.4 11.4 11.3 11.2 11.2 11.1
50 11.9 11.8 11.7 11.6 11.5 11.4 11.3 11.3 11.2
60 11.9 11.8 11.7 11.6 11.5 11.4 11.4 11.3 11.3
70 11.9 11.8 11.7 11.7 11.6 11.5 11.4 11.4 11.3
80 12.1 12.0 11.9 11.8 11.7 11.6 11.6 11.5 11.5
90 12.1 12.1 12.0 11.9 11.8 11.7 11.6 11.6 11.5
100 12.1 12.1 12.0 11.9 11.8 11.7 11.6 11.6 11.5
120 12.1 12.1 12.0 11.9 11.9 11.8 11.7 11.7 11.6
140 12.2 12.1 12.1 12.00 11.9 11.9 11.8 11.8 11.7
160 12.3 12.2 12.2 12.1 12.0 12.0 11.9 11.9 11.8
180 12.4 12.3 12.3 12.2 12.2 12.1 12.0 11.9 11.9
200 12.4 12.4 12.3 12.3 12.2 12.2 12.1 12.1 12
220 12.6 12.5 12.5 12.4 12.3 12.3 12.2 12.2 12.1
90
E Reference Data
STS STS STS

Designtion STS 304 STS 304L STS 316 STS 316L STS 316J1 STS 316J1L STS 317 STS 317L STS 321
405 410 430
18Cr, 12Ni,
Composition 18Cr, 8Ni, 16Cr, 12Ni, 16Cr, 12Ni, 18Cr, 12Ni, 18Cr, 12Ni, 18Cr, 13Ni,
18Cr, 8Ni 2Mo, 2Cu, 18Cr, 10Ni, Ti 13Cr-Al 12Cr 16Cr
Min. Required min.C 2Mo 2Mo, min.C 2Mo, 2Cu 3Mo 3Mo, min.C
min.C
Min. Required
53 49 53 49 53 49 53 49 53 42 45 46
Stress
-30 13.1 13.1 11.3 11.3 13.1 13.1 11.3 11.3 13.1 13.1 11.3 11.3 13.1 13.1 11.3 11.3 13.1 13.1 - - -
-10 13.1 13.1 11.3 11.3 13.1 13.1 11.3 11.3 13.1 13.1 11.3 11.3 13.1 13.1 11.3 11.3 13.1 13.1 10.5 11.0 11.5
0 13.1 13.1 11.3 11.3 13.1 13.1 11.3 11.3 13.1 13.1 11.3 11.3 13.1 13.1 11.3 11.3 13.1 13.1 10.5 11.3 11.5
40 13.1 13.1 11.3 11.3 13.1 13.1 11.3 11.3 13.1 13.1 11.3 11.3 13.1 13.1 11.3 11.3 13.1 13.1 10.5 11.3 11.5
75 11.9 12.1 11.3 11.3 11.9 12.6 11.3 11.3 11.9 12.6 11.3 11.3 11.9 12.6 11.3 11.3 12.1 12.3 10.2 11.0 11.0
100 11.1 11.6 10.6 11.3 11.2 12.3 11.3 11.3 11.2 12.3 11.3 11.3 11.2 12.3 11.3 11.3 11.5 11.7 10 10.8 11.0
125 10.4 11.3 9.3 11.3 10.70 12.1 10.7 11.3 10.2 12.1 10.7 11.3 10.70 12.1 10.7 11.3 11.1 11.4 10.9 10.7 13.7
150 9.6 10.9 9.2 11.2 10.20 11.9 10.0 11.1 10.7 11.9 10 11.1 10.20 11.9 10.7 11.1 10.7 11.1 9.7 10.5 10.5
175 9.2 10.7 8.5 10.9 9.9 11.7 9.3 10.8 9.9 11.7 9.3 10.8 9.9 11.7 9.7 10.8 10.5 11 9.6 10.4 10.4
The Allowable Stress for a Temperature (℃ / kgf / ㎟)
200 8.7 10.5 7.8 10.6 9.6 11.5 8.6 10.4 9.6 11.5 8.6 10.4 9.6 11.5 8.6 10.4 10.2 1.9 9.4 10.2 10.2
225 8.4 10.4 7.4 10.3 9.3 11.4 8.2 10.2 9.3 11.4 8.2 10.2 9.3 11.4 8.2 10.2 9.9 10.8 9.2 10.0 10
250 8.1 10.3 7 10 9.0 11.3 7.9 9.9 9.0 11.3 7.9 9.9 9.0 11.3 7.9 9.9 9.6 10.7 9.1 9.8 9.8
275 7.9 10.2 6.7 9.7 8.7 11.2 7.5 9.8 8.7 11.2 7.5 9.8 8.7 11.2 7.5 9.8 9.4 10.6 8.9 9.7 9.7
300 7.7 10.1 6.4 9.3 8.5 11.2 7.3 9.6 8.5 11.2 7.3 9.6 8.5 11.2 7.3 9.6 9.1 10.6 8.8 9.5 9.5
325 7.6 10.1 6.3 9 8.3 11.2 7.0 9.5 8.3 11.2 7 9.5 8.3 11.2 7.0 9.5 8.9 10.6 8.7 9.4 9.4
350 7.5 10.0 6.1 8.7 8.1 11.2 6.8 9.4 8.1 11.2 6.8 9.4 8.1 11.2 6.8 9.4 8.7 10.6 8.5 9.3 9.3
375 7.4 10.0 6 8.4 7.9 11.2 6.6 9.3 7.9 11.2 6.6 9.3 7.9 11.2 6.6 9.3 8.6 10.6 8.4 9.1 9.1
400 7.3 9.9 5.8 8.1 7.7 11.1 6.4 9.1 7.7 11.1 6.4 9.1 7.7 11.1 6.4 9.1 8.5 10.6 8.1 8.8 8.8
425 7.2 9.8 5.7 7.8 7.6 10.9 6.2 8.9 7.6 10.9 6.2 8.9 7.6 10.9 6.2 8.9 8.4 10.6 7.8 8.5 8.5
450 7.1 9.7 - - 7.5 10.8 6.0 8.7 7.5 10.8 6.0 8.7 7.5 10.8 6.0 8.7 8.2 10.6 7.4 8.0 8.0
475 7.0 9.6 - - 7.3 10.5 - - 7.3 10.5 - - 7.3 10.5 - - 8.0 10.5 6.9 7.5 7.5
500 6.9 9.5 - - 7.2 10.3 - - 7.2 10.3 - - 7.2 10.3 - - 7.8 10.4 9.2 6.6 6.6
525 6.7 9.1 - - 7.0 10.0 - - 7.0 10 - - 7.0 10 - - 7.7 10.1 4.2 5.3 5.4
550 6.5 8.4 - - 6.8 9.6 - - 6.8 9.6 - - 6.8 9.6 - - 7.6 9.3 2.8 3.8 4.0
575 6.1 7.2 - - 6.7 9.0 - - 6.7 9 - - 8.6 9 - - 7.1 7.8 - 2.7 2.9
600 5.6 5.8 - - 6.5 8.0 - - 6.5 8 - - 6.5 8 - - 5.9 5.9 - 1.8 2.1
625 4.7 4.7 - - 6.9 6.4 - - 5.9 6.4 - - 5.9 6.4 - - 4.1 4.1 - 1.1 1.6
650 3.8 3.8 - - 4.8 4.8 - - 4.8 4.8 - - 4.8 4.8 - - 3.1 3.1 - 0.7 1.2
675 3.1 3.1 - - 3.8 3.8 - - 3.8 3.8 - - 3.8 3.8 - - 2.4 2.4 - - -
700 2.5 2.5 - - 3.0 3.0 - - 3.0 3 - - 3.0 3 - - 1.7 1.7 - - -
725 2.0 2.0 - - 2.1 2.1 - - 2.1 2.1 - - 2.1 2.1 - - 1.2 1.2 - - -
750 1.6 1.6 - - 1.6 1.6 - - 1.6 1.6 - - 1.6 1.6 - - 0.9 0.9 - - -
775 1.3 1.3 - - 1.2 1.2 - - 1.2 1.2 - - 1.2 1.2 - - 0.7 0.7 - - -
800 1.0 1.0 - - 0.9 0.9 - - 0.9 0.9 - - 0.9 0.9 - - 0.6 0.6 - - -

E Reference Data
■ Corrosion Table
Corrosive
Concentration Temperature STS 304 STS 316 STS 410 STS 430
Medium
5% 20℃ A A A A
20% 20℃ A A A A
Nitric Acid
50% boiling A A - A
" D D E D
5% 20℃ C B - C
5% boiling E C - E
Sulphuric 50% 20℃ D C - -

Acid 50% boiling E D - E
20℃ A A - A
boiling D D - D
Hydrochloric
20℃ E E E E
Acid
1% 20℃ ++A ++A ++A ++A
Phosphoric
5% 20℃ A A A A
Acid
10% 20℃ C A D D
5% 20℃~boiling A A B A
oxalic Acid
10% boiling D C - -
5~10% 20℃ A A A A
Acetic Acid 20~100% 20℃ A A C B

50% boiling C B - -
5% 20℃ A A C B
Latic Acid 5% 65℃ B A C B

10% boiling B A - -
5% 20~65℃ A A A A
Citric Acid
15% boiling A A - B
5% 20℃ A A - B
Chrom Acid
10% 20℃ C B - D
Fluorine 20℃ E E E E
dry 20℃ C B - C
Chorine Gas
humidy 20℃ D C - D
Carbon pure 20℃ E D - E

Tetrachloride 5~10% 20℃ *C *B D *C
Carbonic Acid 20℃ A A - A
Tartaric Acid 20℃ A A C C
Oleic Acid 20℃ *A A - *B
92
E Reference Data
■ Corrosion Table
Corrosive
Concentration Temperature STS 304 STS 316 STS 410 STS 430
Medium
Ammonia(ℓ) 20℃ A A - A
Ammonia gas 50℃ - D - D
10~20% boiling A A - -
50% " C B - -
A A - A
5% 20~65℃ A A A A
all concentration 20℃ A A A A
5~10% 20~65℃ A A - C
Calcium
1~5% 20℃ A A B A
Hydroxide
5~20% 20~65℃ *A A *B *B
saturated boiling B A - -
5% 20℃ *A *A - *A
5~saturated 20℃ A A - A
1% 20℃ ++*B *A C *B
5% 20℃ ++*D *C D *D
Ethyl Alcohol 20℃~boiling A A - A
Methyl 20℃ A A - A
Alcohol 65℃ *C B - C
Carbonated A A A A
Water 20℃ *A A A A
Sea Water *A *A - *C
Milk 65℃ A A B A
Molasses A A - A
Gasoline A A A A
Juice A A A A
Mayonnaise 20℃ *A A - -
Glycerime A A A A
Catchup 20℃ *A A *A A
Coffee boiling A A A *A
Beer A A - -
A : fully corrosion resistance, less than 0.0089mm/month

B : sufficient corrosion resistance, 0.0089~0.089mm/month
C : practically corrosion resistance, 0.089~0.25mm/month
D : limited in corrosion resistance,0.25~0.89mm/month
E : absolutely not corrosion resistance, more than 0.89mm/month
+ : could be easily attacked by sulfric acid, if existed
++: could be easily attacked by hydrochloric acid, if existed

EXPERIENCE
RECORDS
Latest Projects
94
▲ RAPID P1 PROJECT EXPANSION JOINTS SUPPLY VIEW
Expansion Joint for FCCU

for PETRONAS RAPID Package 1 PROJECT, MALAYSIA
▲ Inspection View Before Refractory of Cold Wall Expansion PETRONAS Refinery and Petrochemical Integrated
Joint for FCCU Development (RAPID)
Megaflexon achieved the feat of winning the first $10 million ● Year : 2017
expansion joints supply through competing with US and ● Owner : PETRONAS, MALAYSIA
● Total Q’ty : 36sets
European manufacturers for the RAPID Package 1 project ● Type & Size : Tied Universal Expansion joint 12 sets
from Malaysia’s state-owned oil refinery PETRONAS. DN 3200, DN 2900, DN 2400
As we have successfully manufactured and supplied a total Double Gimbal Expansion joint 8 sets
DN 2900, DN 2400, DN 1960
of 36 sets to the PETRONAS RAPID project Package1 RFCC
Single Gimbal Expansion joint 4 sets
Unit, PETRONAS has satisfied with the quality and service DN 1200
so assigned Megaflexon as the best supplier. All of supplied Single Hinge Expansion joint 12 sets
expansion joints that we have manufactured are currently in DN 2900, DN 2400, DN 1960, DN 1860
perfect operating condition till now.

▲ Tied Universal Type Expansion Joints
▲ Dual Gimbal Type Expansion Joint ▲ Dual Hinge Type Expansion Joints
▲ Inspection View ▲ Shipping View
96
Tied Universal Type Metal Expansion Joints
for MAMMOTH PACIFIC, U.S.A
Megaflexon has successfully manufactured and delivered a

total of 6 Tied Universal Type Metal Expansion Joints to the
● Year : 2021 Mammoth Pacific geothermal power plant in U.S.A.
Tied Universal Type Metal Expansion Joint manufactured this
● Owner : Mammoth Pacific, U.S.A.
time is 78 inches in diameter and 3800 mmL in length, and is
● Total Q’ty : 6sets mounted on the turbine unit of a power plant.
Tied Universal Type Metal Expansion Joint Design Code & Standard
• Size : 78”(DN 1950) x 3800mmL • EJMA 10th Edition
• Design Press. : 8.3 barG (F.V.) • ASME B31.3 2018 Edition Process Piping
• Design Temp. : 120℃ (Int.) • ASME Sec.Ⅴ 2019 Edition
• ASME Sec.Ⅷ Div.1 2019 Edition
Materials • ASME Sec.Ⅸ 2019 Edition
• Bellows : UNS No. N08810
• Pipe : ASTM A358 TP 304H
• Hardware : ASTM A240 304H

High Temp. & Press. Gimbal Expansion Joints
for HYUNDAI CHEMICAL HPC PROJECT, KOREA
Megaflexon has successfully manufactured and delivered

high-temperature & high-pressure 6 Single Gimbal Type Metal
Expansion Joints, 3 Dual Gimbal Type Metal Expansion Joints,
4 Tied Universal Type Metal Expansion Joints, and a total of 13
units for the Hyundai Chemical HPC Project, KOREA.
● Year : 2021
● Owner : Hyundai Chemical HPC Project, KOREA
Single Gimbal Type Metal Expansion Joint

• Size : 30”(DN 750) x 1000mmL
• Design Press. : 36.7 kg/㎠G
• Test Press. : 55.05 kg/㎠G ▲ Reinforcing Rings for High-Pressure
• Design Temp. : 125℃ / -18℃
Single Gimbal Type Metal Expansion Joint
• Size : 42”(DN 1050) x 1000mmL
• Design Press. : 45.9 kg/㎠G Design Code & Standard
• Test Press. : 68.85 kg/㎠G • ASME B31.3 2018 Edition Process Piping
• Design Temp. : 130℃ / -18℃ • EJMA 10th Edition
Dual Gimbal Type Metal Expansion Joint • ASME BPVC Sec.Ⅴ 2019 Edition
• Size : 30”(DN 750) x 3500mmL • ASME BPVC Sec.Ⅷ Div.1 2019 Edition
• Design Press. : 36.7 kg/㎠G • ASME BPVC Sec.Ⅸ 2019 Edition
• Test Press. : 55.05 kg/㎠G
• Design Temp. : 125℃ / -18℃ Materials
Dual Gimbal Type Metal Expansion Joint

• Bellows : ASME SB-168 ALLOY 600
• Size : 42”(DN 1050) x 3500mmL • Pipe : ASTM A516 Gr 70N
• Design Press. : 45.9 kg/㎠G • Hardware : ASTM A105N for Gimbal Ring
• Test Press. : 68.85 kg/㎠G • ASTM A516 Gr 70 for Gimbal Arm
• Design Temp. : 130℃ / -18℃ • ASTM A240-304 for Cover etc.
& Others
98
High-Temperature Metal Expansion Joints
for PDH POLSKA OLEFLEX CCR, POLAND
Megaflexon has successfully manufactured and supplied 12

high-temperature metal expansion joints to Polska Oleflex CCR
● Year : 2020 PDH plant in Poland.
● Owner : Polska Oleflex CCR, POLAND
Design Codes
Dual Hinge with Tie Rod Type Metal Expansion Joint • EJMA 10th Edition
• Size : 32”(DN800) x 9346mmL • ASME B31.3 2018 Edition Process Piping
• Design Press. : 535 kPaG • UOP Standard Specification for Metal Expansion Joint
• Design Temp. : 600℃ Materials
• Bellows : UNS No. N08810
• Pipe : ASTM A358 TP 304H
• Hardware : ASTM A240 304H

High-Temperature Metal Expansion Joints
for MOH (MOTOR OIL HELLAS MODULAR CCR) PROJECT, GREECE
Megaflexon has manufactured and supplied 6 sets of high-

● Year : 2020 temperature Metal Expansion Joints used in the MOH (Motor Oil
● Owner : MOH (Motor Oil Hellas Modular CCR), GREECE Hellas Modular CCR) Project CCR Unit, the largest oil refinery
● Total Q’ty : 6sets in Greece.
Dual Hinge Type Metal Expansion Joint Design Codes

• Size : 16”(DN400) x 3440mmL • EJMA 10th Edition
• Design Press. : 4.5 kg/cm2G • ASME B31.3 2018 Edition Process Piping
• Design Temp. : 580℃ • UOP Standard Specification for Metal Expansion Joint
Dual Gimbal Type Metal Expansion Joint Materials
• Size : 16”(DN400) x 4505mmL • Bellows : UNS No. N08800
• Design Press. : 4.5 kg/cm2G • Pipe : ASTM A358 TP 316H
• Design Temp. : 580℃ • Hardware : ASTM A240 304H
100
L-Type Pressure Balanced Expansion Joint
for CERRO PABELLON GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT, CHILE
▲ L-Type Pressure Balanced Expansion Joint Cerro Pabellón, South America’s first geothermal power plant
and the world’s first large-scale plant
MEGAFLEXON has designed, manufactured and tested a Design Codes

large number of high-quality custom made L-Type Pressure • EJMA 10th Edition
Balanced Expansion Joints for Cerro Pabellon, South • ASME B31.3 2018 Edition Process Piping
America’s First Geothermal Power Plant. Materials
● Year : 2019 • Bellows : ASTM A240-321UNS No. N08800

● Owner : ENEL AND ENAP, CHILE • Pipe : ASTM A516 Gr 70
● Total Q’ty : 6sets • Hardware : ASTM A516 Gr 70

● Size : 66”(DN1650) x 6700mmL 2sets
56” (DN1400) x 5382mmL 4sets

Flanged and Flued Type Expansion Joint
for CALCASIEU PASS LNG EXPORT TERMINAL, USA
▲ Bellows Thickness Measuring (35T) Calcasieu Pass LNG is a ten million tonnes per annum (Mtpa) LNG
export terminal to be developed by Venture Global Calcasieu
Pass, a subsidiary of Venture Global LNG, in Louisiana, US.
● Year : 2019
● Owner : VENTURE GLOBAL LNG, USA
● Size : I.D. 1448mm x O.D. 2000mm x 1340mmL, t35
● Material : ASTM A516 Gr 70
※ Manufactured according to ASME "U" Stamp Program
▲ Hydrostatic Testing
102
Dual Hinged Expansion Joint
For NGHI SON REFINERY PLANT, VIETNAM
NGHI SON refinery has a designed capacity of 10 million tons

● Year : 2019
of crude oil per year.
● Owner : NSRP (NGHI SON Refinery Plant), VIETNAM
● Total Q’ty : 7ets All the expansion joints are designed based on the following:
● Size : 34” (DN 850) x 4891mmL 1set
• ASME B31.3, BPVC Section Ⅱ, Part D(Metric)
24” (DN 600) x 1995mmL 1set
• EJMA 10th Edition,
34” (DN 850) x 11515mmL 1set • ASME B31.3 2016 Edition Process Piping,
12” (DN 300) x 5916mmL 1set • ASME BPVC Section Ⅴ 2017 Edition,
34” (DN 850) x 12391mmL 1set
• Asme bpvc Section Ⅵ 2017 Edition
16” (DN 400) x 4255mmL 1set All bellows meet the requirement of min. 10,000 Cycles.
All the designs are satisfied with the concurrent movements
according to the data sheet.
Our expansion joint are produced by hydraulic mandrel punch
forming.

Floating Type Dual Gimbal Expansion Joint
(HOT WALL CONDITION) FOR CPC RFCC, TAIWAN
Megaflexon has successfully designed, manufactured and

tested a FCCU expansion joint universal double gimbal cold wall
design for CPC RFCC in TAIWAN.
The expansion joint, designed for 3.4 kg/cm² and a temperature

of 538 ℃(PIPE), and 777℃ (bellows).
● Year : 2015
● Owner : CPC Corporation, TAIWAN
● Size : 98”(DN2450) x 13800mmL
● Design Pressure : 3.4 kg/cm²
CPC now operates two refineries in Taiwan - at Taoyuan in the
north and Dalin in the south - with a combined daily refining ● Design Temp. : Bellows (777℃) / Pipe (538 ℃)
capacity of 600,000 barrels. Hot Wall Floating Type
104
Floating Pantograph Type (Hot Wall Condition) Installation View
Expansion Joint for PDH Project

for SK GAS ULSAN PDH PLANT, KOREA
Megaflexon has successfully manufactured and supplied a total

of 138 high-temperature Expansion Joints such as Pantograph
type, Gimbal type, Hinge type, etc. to SK GAS Ulsan PDH plant,
the one of the largest world’s PDH plant.
● Year : 2014
● Owner : SK GAS, KOREA
● Single Slotted Hinge Type 78”(DN1950) x 1850mmL
● Single Gimbal Type 96”(DN2400) x 1950mmL
● Universal Pantograph Type 96”(DN2400) x 4400mmL
& others
Design Codes
• EJMA 10th Edition
▲ Dual Gimbal Type Expansion Joint installation View • ASME B31.3 2018 Edition Process Piping

In-line Pressure Balanced Expansion Joint
for SHUWEIHAT S2 IWPP, UAE
The site of the SHUWEIHAT “S2” Independent Water and Power

Project in Abu Dhabi, the United Arab Emirates.
Megaflexon has successfully designed, manufactured and
delivered in-line pressure balanced expansion joints for the
SHUWEIHAT “S2” independent water and power project in Abu
dhabi, the United Arab Emirates.
● Year : 2010
● Owner : SHUWEIHAT S2, UAE
● Size : 96”(DN2400) X 3200mmL, etc.
● Design Con. : 260 ℃ / 5 kg/cm2 FULL VACCUM
● Bellows Materials : ASTM A240-316, 2Plies
106
for STEAM TURBINE PIPE LINE OF QATAR PETROCHEMICAL COMPANY (QAPCO) , QATAR
After many successful contracts, megaflexon has established

itself as the leading supplier in the expansion joint market
Megaflexon reinforced its position with the contract to provide
expansion joints for the The Qatar Petrochemical Company
(QAPCO).
● Year : 2009
● Owner : QAPCO, QATAR
● Size : 60”(DN1500) X 6100mmL
● DESIGN CON. : 649 ℃ / 2.81 kg / cm2g
Qatar Petrochemical Company is one of the world’s largest

and most successful producers of low-density polyethylene.

Metal Expansion Joint with Reinforcing Rings
for POSCO (POHANG IRON AND STEEL COMPANY), KOREA
Megaflexon has designed, manufactured, tested and delivered

a number of 2 special high tech metal expansion joints with
reinforcing rings for Posco, Korea
● Year : 2019
● Owner : POSCO, KOREA
● Total Q’ty : 2ets
● Size : 30” (DN750) X 800mmL
● Press. Test : Hydrostatic Test Press 22.5kg/㎠
Pneumatic Test Press 16.5kg/㎠
● Design Press. : 15kg/㎠ POSCO is a South Korean steel-making company. It had an
output of 42 million tonnes of crude steel in 2015, making
it the world's fourth-largest steelmaker by this measure. In
2010, it was the world's largest steel manufacturing company
by market value.
▲ Detail of Reinforcing Rings
108
for LUNGMEN NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, TAIWAN
The Lungmen Nuclear Power Plant is an nuclear power plant in

New Taipei City, Taiwan. It consists of two ABWRs each of 1,300
MWe net. It is owned by Taiwan Power Company (Taipower).
● Year : 2008
● Owner : Taiwan Power Company , TAIWAN
● Size : 84”(DN2100) X 6600mmL
● Design : 152 ℃ / 241 kPaG / FULL VACUUM
● Application : Steam Turbine Pipe Line

Rectangular Type Fabric Expansion Joint
for CENTRAL JAVA POWER PLANT, INDONESIA
FLUOROELASTOMER
(VITON-B)
FIBERGLASS CLOTH
FLUOROELASTOMER
(VITON-B)
FIBERGLASS CLOTH
FLUOROELASTOMER
(VITON-B)
▲ Flue Gas Expansion Material Composition

▲ Rectangular Type Fabric Expansion Joints
● Year : 2017
● Owner : Central Java Power Plant, INDONESIA
● Size : 1600 x 6000 x 160mmL
Central Java Power Plant (CJPP) is an ultra critical Coal-fired

power plant with 2 x 1,000 MW capacity in Batang Regency,
Central Java.
110
Rounded Corner Type Rectangular Expansion Joint
for KOREA MIDLAND POWER, KOREA
▲ Rounded Corner Type Rectangular Expansion Joint Korea Midland Power (KOMIPO): operates the Boryeong
Thermalelectric Power Plant Site Division and the Yeongheung
Thermal Power Plant, and possesses 9,399 MW in total installed
capacity (as of Dec. 2010).
● Year : 2015
● Owner : Korea Midland Power, KOREA
● Size : 2000mm x 2830 x 400mmL 106 sets
4300mm x 5700 x 400mmL 9 sets

#78-12, Seungga-ro 76beon-gil, Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
Tel:82-31-981-2381~3 / Fax:82-31-981-2384
E-mail: [email protected] (for Domestic) / [email protected] (for International)
www.megaflexon.com
Copyright 2020. MEGAFLEXON Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Published in May 2021

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EXPANSION

▲ RAPID P1 PROJECT EXPANSION JOINTS SUPPLY VIEW

Metallic Expansion Joints 3

Obtained CE and PED mark 2006

2013 reaches about US Ten Million Dollars

Renewal CE and PED mark

Metallic Expansion Joints 5

• Oil Refineries Industry • Pressure Vessel Manufacturing

Metallic Expansion Joints 7

Metallic Expansion Joints 9

▲ Well-used ASME Stamp

Intergranular corrosion. (200X)

▲ Metallurgical Microscope ▲ Mechanical Testing Equipment

Performance Test [Axial & Lateral Movement]

· Diameter : Max. 4,500mm · Axial Movements : Max. ± 200mm

▲ Functional Test On DN 1400 (56”) X 8500mmL (Lateral Deflection 800mm)

Metallic Expansion Joints 11

· The National Board Certificate

· ASME “U” Stamp · ASME “S” Stamp · ASME “PP” Stamp

· ISO 9001 Certificate · ISO 14001 Certificate · ISO 45001 Certificate

Metallic Expansion Joints 13

▲ Hydraulic Mandrel Punch Forming Machine (Max. : 4,500mm)

▲ Expanding Machine ▲ Expanded Single Hinge Type Expansion Joints

Metallic Expansion Joints 15

▲ MIDDLE CORRUGATION BELLOWS

▲ MULTI-PLY BELLOWS ▲ TOROIDAL BELLOWS

Nominal Dia 300A - 4500A Nominal Dia 1000A - 4500A

• Stainless Steel-Type 300 • Stainless Steel-Type 300

Metallic Expansion Joints 17

Nominal Dia 25A - 1800A

Nominal Dia 50A - 4500A

• Stainless Steel-Type 300 Austenitic Series

Metallic Expansion Joints 19

Multi-ply Bellows Redundant Ply

Threaded Rod Coupling

▲ Two-Ply Testable Bellows Design

What is a two-ply testable bellows? Technical characteristics

Metallic Expansion Joints 21

▲ Lateral Movement (+/- Degrees)

▲ Torsional Movement (+/- Degrees)

Metallic Expansion Joints 23

Universal Expansion Joint

Externally Pressurized Expansion Joint

▲ Externally Pressurized Assembly

Tied Single Bellows

▲ Tied Single Assembly

Tied Universal Expansion Joint

▲ Tied Universal Assembly

Metallic Expansion Joints 25

Gimbal Expansion Joint

In-Line Pressure Balanced

▲ In-Line Pressure Balanced Assembly

Externally Pressurized Pressure Balanced

▲ Externally Pressurized Pressure Balanced Assembly

Metallic Expansion Joints 27

When any of the following conditions exist:

A. When pressure drop must be minimized and smooth flow

B. When turbulent flow is generated upstream of the

C. When it is necessary to protect the bellows from media

D. In high temperature applications to reduce the