TEACHER NAME STUDENT NAME

MAM NARGIS BATOOL MUHAMMAD HAMMAD AHMED

Roll#

BSME-22IB-101357
A S S I G N M E N T n o . 2 S e s s i o n : ( 2 2 - 2 6 )

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
[DME]
PAKISTAN INSTITUE OF ENGINEERING AND
APPLIED SCIENCES
[PIEAS]
BACKGROUND: On March 23, 1956, that Constitution was ratified, and it established a unicameral,
parliamentary system of government. The Government of India Act, 1935, was kept in place as
Pakistan's Constitution from 14 August 1947 to 1 March 1956.

“1935 ACT”
The Government of India Act 1935 was put into effect throughout the nation after receiving
the Royal assent. There were two portions to the Government of India Act of 1935. One
portion was in the centre, while the other was in the province. The Act also had 10 schedules
and 14 sections.
The Act of 1935 was not well received by a number of industries. The Indian National
Congress and the Muslim League both voiced their displeasure with the Act. Madam Mohan,
a prominent Hindu leader, harshly attacked this Act, and Pandat Jawahar Lal Nehru stated
regarding the emergency authority of the Governor-General and Governors that this Act was
similar to a machine with powerful brakes but no engine. Muhammad Ali Jinnah, a prominent
Muslim leader, characterized this plan as completely unsuitable and entirely nasty.

“1956 CONSTITUTION”

The 1956 constitution created a Parliamentary form of government, with the Prime Minister
exercising complete executive authority. The President was nominated by all members of the
National and Provincial Assemblies to serve as the State Head. He was elected for a five-year
term.Pakistan was proclaimed an Islamic Republic under its constitution of 1956.

◘ Partly rigid partly flexible: Pakistan's 1956 Constitution was both rigorous and
flexible. It might be changed in response to changing conditions.
◘ Parliamentary Government: Pakistan's 1956 Constitution established a
Parliamentary system of government. The prime minister headed the government, and all
cabinet members were picked by Parliament. The cabinet officials were individually
accountable to Parliament.
◘ Preamble: The preamble of Pakistan's 1956 Constitution was founded on objective
resolution.
◘ Islamic Republic: Pakistan's 1956 Constitution established the country as an Islamic
republic.
◘ Written Constitution: Pakistan's 1956 Constitution was a written constitution with
234 Article, 13 Parts, and 6 Schedule.
◘ Federalism: Pakistan's 1956 Constitution established federalism.
◘ Checks and Balances: Unlike in the United Kingdom, the President of Pakistan
was not a formal head of state under the 1956 Constitution. Pakistan's 1956 Constitution
established a checks and balances system.
◘ Independence of the Judiciary: The 1956 Constitution also established the
judiciary's independence, with judges selected by the head of state. They could only be
removed by impeachment.
◘ Islamic Provisions: Allah has sovereignty, and no legislation should be passed that
contradicts Islam.
◘ Unicameral Government: In 1956 constitution State had only one Parliament
house which was known as National assembly.

◘ National language: Bengali and Urdu were also designated as national languages in
the 1956 Constitution.

Constitution abrogation:-
On October 7, 1958, Muhammad Ayub Khan suspended the 1956 Constitution and declared
martial law in the country. It has a lifespan of two years, four months, and nineteen days.

◘ Formalized Constitution: The 1962 Constitution was a written document. It

included five schedules and 250 items.
◘ Rigid Constitution: This is a rather strict constitution. This is a hard constitution that
can only be changed through a certain method. If a constitutional modification is
approved by a two-thirds majority of the parliament, it becomes law after being
authenticated by the President.
◘ President's Authority: According to the 1962 Constitution, the President shall be a
Muslim serving a 5-year term. He could issue Ordinances and veto legislation, but only
with the support of two-thirds of the National Assembly. However, save for the cost of
his office, the President had no authority to dissolve the Assembly.
◘ Presidential Restrictions: The President was not permitted to hold any profit-
making post in the service of Pakistan, but he was not barred from managing private
property.
◘ Governmental Presidential Forum: The President was the nation's chief
executive. He was given the authority to appoint ministers to his government.
◘ Provincial Administrations: There were two governments in each province. Each
one was led by a governor. He had powers in the province that the President had in the
centre. The Governor was given the authority to designate provincial ministers with the
approval of Pakistan's President.
◘ Provincial Legislative Assembly: Each province was given its own legislature.
It was founded with 150 members. However, this number was eventually increased to
218.
◘ Islamic Legal System: No legislation would be passed that contradicted the
teachings of the Quran and Sunnah, and existing laws would be Islamicized.
◘ Federal Government: In the country, a federal system was established. It had a
central government and two province governments, East and West Pakistan.
◘ Fundamental Freedoms: The 1962 constitution established essential rights to free
expression, freedom of profession, and freedom to practise religion. In terms of civil
rights, well-known rights such as the right to life, liberty, and property were recognised.
◘ The Judiciary's Role: The Judiciary was in charge of interpreting laws and
presidential orders in light of the principles enshrined in a written constitution.
◘ State Language: Urdu and Bengali were designated as national languages.

1962 Constitution Abrogation: On March 25, 1969, the 1962 Constitution was
repealed. Following the results of the 1970 elections, the Civil Government gained control in
December 1971 and issued an interim constitution to the country in 1972.

The constitution of 1962 was suspended in 1969 and repealed in 1972. The 1973 constitution
was Pakistan's first to be drafted by elected lawmakers.

◘ Sovereignty of Allah: Now is the supreme ruler of the universe and his powers will be
exercised by the people Pakistan as a sacred and trust through their chosen
representatives with in the limits prescribed by him.
◘ Name of the state: The Newly born state was given the name of Islamic Republic of
Pakistan.
◘ President and prime minister to be a Muslim: It was declared that president and
prime minister of country must be a Muslim .
◘ Islamic principles: Islamic principles like democracy freedom equality tolerance and
Social Justice should be implemented .
◘ Promotion of Islamic ways of life: The people will be given such opportunities that
they can spend their lives according to the islamic principles i.e. Quran and Sunnah.
◘ Steps for unity of Muslim world: The state will be responsible for promoting Islamic
spirit of unity and brotherhood with other countries by having friendly relationship with
them .
◘ Protection of Islamic values: the Government of Pakistan will protect Islamic
traditions. Drinking adultery constitution gambling and other immoral acts etc will be
banned.
◘ Cultural and religious freedom of minorities: Rights of minorities will be protected
and they will be given full religious and cultural freedom.
◘ Protection of Islamic institutions :Government of Pakistan give protection to Islamic
institute e.g. Auqaf, Masajid and Zakat and Ushr system etc.
◘ Formation of Council of ISLAMIC ideology: A Council should be formed consisting of
some experts of Islamic law it will guide to frame constitution in the light of Islam.
◘ State Religion: It was declared that the official religion of Pakistan will be Islam.
◘ Definition of A Muslim: Any person believing in one Allah and the penalty of Prophet
hud of Hazrat Muhammad Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam day of judgement angles and holy
books is a Muslim. According to this definition Qadyanis and Lahori Sect of Qadyanis
have been declared non-Muslims because they don't believe in the finality of
Prophethood.
◘ Quran Teaching: Government of Pakistan would take small steps for promotion of small
and would make teaching of Quran compulsory
◘ Publication of Holy Quran: It is burning up on the government to publish Error free
printing of Holy Quran.
◘ Promotion of Arabic language: Government will give short of assistance to promote
Arabic language
◘ Removal of USRI (RIBA): It is the duty of government to take concrete steps to
gradually go for interest free economy of the country.