Magsaysay Memorial High School Inc.

, Villaluz, Delfin Junior High School: Week

13
Albano, Isabela
MATHEMATICS FOR GRADE 9

PARALELOGRA
TARGETS:

At the end of the chapter, the students must be able to:

 Define parallelogram
 State the different conditions that will guarantee a
quadrilateral to be a parallelogram.
 Identify the characteristics of a quadrilateral as basis for the
conditions that will guarantee as a parallelogram.

ENDURING UNDERSTANDING:

ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
“How useful are the quadrilaterals in dealing with real-life situations?”

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Last time, you have learned about radicals. Let us review.
Express the algebraic expressions as radicals. Write your solution at the back
page of your module.
2
1. 45 3
1
2. 81 4
2
3. 24 3

INTRODUCTION

Quadrilateral are the most common type of polygons. Some would even argue that it is
the most important polygon. The word quadrilateral is a combination of the words quadri
which means “four” and lateral which has to do with its “side”. A quadrilateral is an
enclosed four-sided figure which has four sides, four angles, and four vertices. The sum
of the measures of the quadrilateral is 360 °.

The kinds of quadrialterals are the following:

1. Trapezium
 Is a quadrilateral with no parallel sides. It is sometimes called the general
quadrilateral.

2. Trapezoid
 Is a quadrilateral with only one pair of parallel side.
 Isosceles Traezoid is a kind of trapezoid with the base angles and
non-paralle sides that are congruent.
3. Kite
 Is a quadrilateral with two pairs of adjacent congruent sides.
4. Parallelogram
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 Magsaysay Memorial High School Inc., Villaluz, Delfin Junior High School: Week
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Albano, Isabela
MATHEMATICS FOR GRADE 9

 Is quadrilateral with two pairs of opposite sides that are parallel.

 A rectangle is a parallelogram with right angles
 A rhoumbus is a parallelogram with four congruent sides.
 A square is a parallelogram with four congruent sides and four right
angles.

First, let’s have a drill.

Recall the parts of a quadrilateral, and answer the questions that follow:
A
M

Z
E
Questions:
1. Give the name of the quadrilateral in the figure.
____________________
2. Name the vertices of the quadrilateral of the quadrilateral.
______________, ______________, ______________, ______________
3. Name the sides of the quadrilateral.
______________, ______________, ______________, ______________
4. Name the pairs of opposite sides.
______________ and ______________, ______________and ______________

You did great on job!

This is just the beginning. We are going to further enhance
your skill in identifying the characteristics of a
quadrilateral to be a parallelogram

INSTRUCTION/DELIVERY

The figures shown below are all parallelograms. It indicates congruent side if it has single and
double tick marks, while it indicates parallel sides if it has single and double arrows. The marks
will be used to determine the characteristics that are common to all figures. The figures above
have deduced the definition of a parallelogram.

>> I >> II
I>
I>

I>
I>

>> I >> II

>> II
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 Magsaysay Memorial High School Inc., Villaluz, Delfin Junior High School: Week
13
Albano, Isabela
MATHEMATICS FOR GRADE 9

I> I> I> I>

>> II >> II
A parallelogram is a quadrilateral with both pairs of opposite sides are parallel.

Given the figure below, parallelogram LOVE, in symbol LOVE. Answer the questions that
follows.

L O
>>
>

E >> >V
 Recall the following important terms:

Consecutive Sides also known as consecutive segments.

Consecutive Angles called the successive angles.
Opposite Angles also known as nonconsecutive or non-successive vertices.
Opposite Sides, called the nonconsecutive sides.
Diagonal means the segment that connects two nonconsecutive vertices.

PRACTICE
 QUESTIONS:

1. In the figure, what are the consecutive sides?

______________ and ______________, ______________and______________

2. Identify the two pairs of opposite sides.

______________ and ______________, _____________and ______________

3. Determine the two pairs of opposite angles.

______________ and ______________, _____________and ______________

4. Identify the consecutive angles.

______________, ______________, ______________, ______________
5. The diagonals.
______________ and _____________

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 Magsaysay Memorial High School Inc., Villaluz, Delfin Junior High School: Week
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Albano, Isabela
MATHEMATICS FOR GRADE 9

Parallelogram is a quadrilateral with both pairs of opposite sides that are parallel.

M O
MOST is quadrilateral with MT ⃦ OS and MO ⃦ TS
therefore , MOST is a parallelogram >>

>

>
T >> S
Properties of Pralellograms in the following theorems.

THEOREM: THE DIAGONAL OF A PARALLELOGRAM SEPARATES

THE PARALLELOGRAM INTO TWO
CONGRUENT TRIANGLES.

Given: MADE with diagonal EA

Prove: ∆ EDA ≅ ∆ AME

Proof:
STATEMENTS REASONS
MADE is a parallelogram Given
MA ⃦ ES Definition of a parallelogram
∠1 ≅ ∠ 2 Alternate interior angles are congruent
AE ≅ AE Reflexive property
ME ⃦ AD Definition of a parallelogram
∠ 3 ≅ ∠4 Alternate interior angles are congruent
∆ EDA ≅ ∆ AME ASA Postulate

Here are two corollaries to this theorem.

COROLLARY 1: OPPOSITE SIDES OF A PARALLELOGRAM ARE

CONGRUENT.

Given: CARD is a parallelogram

Prove: CA ≅ DR ; CD ≅ AR

Proof:
STATEMENTS REASONS
CARD is a parallelogram Given
Draw AD Two points determine a straight line.
CA ⃦ DR∧CD ⃦ AR Definition of a parallelogram

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 Magsaysay Memorial High School Inc., Villaluz, Delfin Junior High School: Week
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MATHEMATICS FOR GRADE 9

If two parallel lines are cut by a

∠1 ≅ ∠ 2
transversal, the alternate interior angles
∠ 3 ≅ ∠4
formed are congruent
AD ⃦ AD Reflexive Property of Equality
∆ ACD ≅ ∆ DR ASA Postulate
∴ CA ≅ DR Corresponding parts of congruent triangles
CD ≅ AR are congruent

Example 1:
Given: FACE is a parallelogram 6
Find the measures of FE∧FA

Solution:
1. Since FACE is a parallelogram, its opposite sides
are congruent.

2. Therefore, FE ≅ AC ,∧FA ≅ EC

3. If AC=6 ,then FE=6.

If EC =4 ,then FA=4.

COROLLARY 2: OPPOSITE ANGLES OF A PARALLELOGRAM ARE

CONGRUENT.

Given: SELF is a parallelogram

Prove: ∠ S ≅ ∠ L ;∠ SFL ≅ ∠ SEL

Proof:

STATEMENTS REASONS
SELF is a parallelogram Given
Draw EF Two points determine a straight line
SE ⃦ LF
Definition of a parallelogram
SF ⃦ EF
∠ 1 ≅ ∠3 If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal,
∠4 ≅ ∠2 the alternate interior angles formed are
congruent
EF ≅ EF Reflexive Property of Equality
∆ ESF ≅ ∆ FLE ASA Postulate
∠ S≅∠L Corresponding parts of congruent triangles
are congruent
m∠1 ≅ m∠ 3 Congruent angles have equal measures
m∠ 4 ≅ m∠2
m∠1+ m∠4=m ∠3+m∠2 Addition Property of Equality
m∠1+ m∠4=m ∠SFL Angle Addition Posstulate
m∠ 3+ m∠ 2=m∠ SEL
m∠ SFL=m ∠SEL Subtraction Property
∠ SFL≅ ∠ SEL Congruent angles have equal measures

Example 2:
K-TO-12 BASIC EDUCATION CURRICULUM –MATHEMATICS 9 Page 5
 Magsaysay Memorial High School Inc., Villaluz, Delfin Junior High School: Week
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Albano, Isabela
MATHEMATICS FOR GRADE 9

Given: LIKE is a parallelogram

If m∠ I=115 °∧m∠ K=65° ,whatare the measures of

m∠ E∧m ∠L ?

Solution:
1. Since LIKE is a parallelogram, its opposite sides are congruent.
2. Therefore, ∠ E ≅ ∠ I∧∠ L ≅ ∠ K
3. If m∠ I =115 ° then , m∠ E=115 ° .
If m∠ K =65 °then , m∠ L=65 ° .

THEOREM: CONSECUTIVE ANGLES OF A PARALLELOGRAM ARE

SUPPLEMENTARY.

Given: GIRL is a parallelogram

Prove: m∠G+ m∠ I =180 °
m∠ I +m ∠R=180 °
m∠ R+ m∠ L=180 °
m∠ L+ m∠G=180 °

Proof:
STATEMENTS REASONS
GIRL is a parallelogram Given
GI ⃦ LR Definition of a parallelogram
GL ⃦ IR
m∠ G+ m∠ I =180 °
m∠ I +m ∠ R=180 ° If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal,
m∠ R+ m∠ L=180 ° the alternate interior angles on the same
m∠ L+ m∠G=180 ° side of the transversal are supplementary.

Example 3:
Given: MORE is a parallelogram
If m∠ E=74 ° , what is m∠ R ?

Solution:
1. Since MORE is a parallelogram, its consecutive angles are supplementary.
2. Therefore, m∠ E +m∠ R=180°

m∠ E +m∠ R=180°
m∠ R=180 °−m ∠E
m∠ R=180 °−74 °
m∠ R=106 °

THEOREM: THE DIAGONALS OF A PARALLELOGRAM BISECT EACH

OTHER.

Given: MATH is a parallelogram

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 Magsaysay Memorial High School Inc., Villaluz, Delfin Junior High School: Week
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Albano, Isabela
MATHEMATICS FOR GRADE 9

Prove: MT bisects HA ; HA bisects MT

Proof:
STATEMENTS REASONS
MATH is a parallelogram Given
Draw diagonals MT ∧HA Two points determine a straight line
MA ⃦ HT
Definition of a parallelogram
MH ⃦ AT
∠1 ≅ ∠ 4 If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal,
∠ 2 ≅ ∠3 the alternate interior angles formed are
congruent
MH ⃦ AT Opposite sides of a parallelogram are
congruent
∆ MEH ≅ ∆ TEA ASA Postulate
H E≅ E A Corresponding parts of congruent triangles
M E ≅ ET are congruent
MT bisects HA Definition of Segment Bisector
HA bisects MT

Example 3:
Given: KING is a parallelogram
If KN =46 , what ismeasure of SN ?

Solution:
1. Since KING is a parallelogram, its diagonals bisect each other.
2. Therefore, IG bisects KN at point S.
3. The measure of S N is half of KN
If KN =46 , then S N =23

PRACTICE:

1. Given: LIKE is a parallelogram

If m∠ I =12 5 °∧m ∠K =7 5 ° ,
What are the measures of m∠ E∧m ∠L ?

2. Given: MORE is a parallelogram

If m∠ E=6 4 ° , what is m∠ R ?
If m∠ E=9 4 . 2° , what is m∠O?

3. Given: KING is a parallelogram

If IG=72, what is measure of SG ?
If SN=33.5 , what is measure of KN ?
K-TO-12 BASIC EDUCATION CURRICULUM –MATHEMATICS 9 Page 7
 Magsaysay Memorial High School Inc., Villaluz, Delfin Junior High School: Week
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Albano, Isabela
MATHEMATICS FOR GRADE 9

Summary of Key Ideas

A quadrilateral is an enclosed four-sided figure which has four sides, four

angles, and four vertices. The sum of the measures of the quadrilateral is
360 °.
The kinds of quadrialterals are the following:
1. Trapezium
 Is a quadrilateral with no parallel sides. It is sometimes called
the general quadrilateral.
2. Trapezoid
 Is a quadrilateral with only one pair of parallel side.
 Isosceles Traezoid is a kind of trapezoid with the base
angles and non-paralle sides that are congruent.
3. Kite
 Is a quadrilateral with two pairs of adjacent congruent sides.
4. Parallelogram
 Is quadrilateral with two pairs of opposite sides that are parallel.
 A rectangle is a parallelogram with right angles
 A rhoumbus is a parallelogram with four congruent sides.
 A square is a parallelogram with four congruent sides and
four right angles
Consecutive Sides also known as consecutive segments.
Consecutive Angles called the successive angles.
Opposite Angles also known as nonconsecutive or non-successive
vertices.
Opposite Sides, called the nonconsecutive sides.
Diagonal means the segment that connects two nonconsecutive
vertices.

ENRICHMENT:
In this activity, you will be needing drawing materials. Follow the instructions or procedures
written below and answer the questions that follow.
Materials: graphing paper, a ruler or straightedge, protractor, pencil, and compass

Instructions:
1. Draw a parallelogram in a graphing paper using your ruler and pencil. Name the
parallelogram as LOVE.

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 Magsaysay Memorial High School Inc., Villaluz, Delfin Junior High School: Week
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MATHEMATICS FOR GRADE 9

2. Record the measurement of the two opposite sides of parallelogram LOVE in the
given table below.
3. Using your protractor, measure the four angles of the parallelogram and record your
findings in the table.
4. Draw a line connecting the two pairs of opposite angles to form diagonals, measure
the segments and then record the result in the table.
5. The first part of the table is done for you as basis of recording the results. It doesn’t
mean you will also follow the answer, it depends on the size of your parallelogram as
drawn.
From your drawing, determine the Measurement Equal or Unequal
following: Measures

Two pairs of LO & VE LO = 22 cm Equal

opposite sides VE = 22 cm

LE & OV LE = 15 cm
Equal
OV = 15 cm

Two pairs of
opposite angles

Four pairs of
Consecutive Angles

Diagonals (two
segments)

 QUESTIONS:

1. Check the results in your table, what can you conclude about the following? Are they
congruent or equal?
a. pairs of opposite sides
b. pairs of opposite angles
c. pairs of consecutive angles
d. segments as diagonal

2. As you connect the two nonconsecutive angles, you’ve form a diagonal, therefore
what does it do with the parallelogram?

3. With the same size and same length, what conclusion can you make about their
opposite sides and as well as the angles?
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 Magsaysay Memorial High School Inc., Villaluz, Delfin Junior High School: Week
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MATHEMATICS FOR GRADE 9

4. Based from your table, does it apply to all kinds of parallelogram, like rectangle, and
square? Explain your answer.

EVALUATION:
I. Encircle the letter that best describe your answer.
1. How do you describe any two opposite angles in a parallelogram?
a. They are always congruent
b. They are supplementary
c. They are complementary
d. They are both right angles
2. Which of the following conditions is not sufficient to prove that a quadrilateral is a
parallelogram?
a. Two pairs of sides are parallel
b. Two pairs of opposite sides are congruent
c. Two angles are supplementary
d. Two diagonals bisect each other
3. What can you say about any two consecutive angles in a parallelogram?
a. They are always congruent
b. They are supplementary
c. They are sometimes complementary
d. They are both right angles
4. Which of the following statement could be false in a parallelogram?
a. Both pairs of opposite angles are congruent
b. Both pairs of opposite sides are parallel
c. Both pairs of opposite sides are congruent
d. Both pairs of consecutive angles are complementary
5. If both diagonals in a parallelogram bisect each other, then what conclusion can you
provide?
a. They are supplementary
b. They are complementary
c. They are congruent
d. They will prove that the quadrilateral is not a parallelogram

II. Determine if the following statements are TRUE or FALSE. Write TRUE if the
statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is incorrect. Write your
answer on the space provided for before each number.
________1. In a quadrilateral LOVE, ∠ L ≅ ∠V and ∠ O ≅ ∠ E. Therefore, quadrilateral LOVE is
a parallelogram.
________2. If all the sides of a quadrilateral are congruent, then the quadrilateral is a
parallelogram.
________3. If all the angles of a quadrilateral are congruent, then the quadrilateral is a
parallelogram.
________4. In quadrilateral GIVE, diagonals GV and IE are congruent. Therefore, quadrilateral
GIVE is a parallelogram.
________5. In a quadrilateral FIND, segments FI and ND are parallel and congruent. Therefore,
quadrilateral FIND is a parallelogram.

III. Read each statement carefully then write what is asked or referred to on the
space provided.
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MATHEMATICS FOR GRADE 9

________________1. This is a quadrilateral in which both pairs of opposite sides are

parallel.
________________2. This is a parallelogram in which all sides are congruent.
________________3. This is a quadrilateral with exactly one pair of opposite sides that
are parallel.
________________4. It is sometimes called the general quadrilateral.
________________5. This is a quadrilateral with no parallel sides

K-TO-12 BASIC EDUCATION CURRICULUM –MATHEMATICS 9 Page 11