Manuscript Belli English
Manuscript Belli English
Manuscript Belli English
The requirement for independent variables to be included in the linear regression multivariate
analysis is for bivariate analysis, the p value <0.25.[31,32] The variable sex of HIV patients, the
results of the independent t test in table 2, found a significant relationship between the sex of
HIV patients with a value of p=0.002, so that the sex variable deserves to be included in the
linear regression multivariate analysis test with a predictive conceptual framework. [Marital
status of HIV patients, the results of the independent t test found a very significant
relationship between the marital status of HIV patients with a value of p<0.001, so that the
marital status variable deserves to be included in the linear regression multivariate analysis
test with a predictive conceptual framework. Smoking variable in HIV patients, there is a
significant relationship between smokers with HIV patients with a value of p = 0.009, so the
variable of smokers with HIV patients deserve to be included in the multivariate linear
regression analysis test with a predictive conceptual framework. [31.32]
Table 2. Bivariate analysis of categorical variables
Independent variables with numerical measurement scales such as age in HIV sufferers are
carried out Pearson correlation tests because if at least one of the variables is normally
distributed with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and linearity requirements are met, there is a
very significant correlation between the age of HIV sufferers and BDI-II scores with a value
of p< 0.001, with a value of r = 0.39 so that the age variable of HIV sufferers is eligible for
inclusion in the multivariate linear regression analysis test with a predictive conceptual
framework.[32] The variable length of education of HIV patients, there is a very significant
correlation between the length of education of HIV patients and BDI-II scores with a value of
p<0.001, with a value of r= 0.33. So that the variable length of education in HIV sufferers
deserves to be included in the linear regression multivariate analysis test with a predictive
conceptual framework. [31,32]
The variable length of illness of HIV sufferers, there is a very
significant correlation between the length of illness in HIV sufferers and BDI-II scores with a
value of p <0.001, with a value of r = 0.36 So that the variable length of illness in HIV
sufferers deserves to be included in the linear regression multivariate analysis test with the
predictive conceptual framework. [31,32] The BMI variable of HIV patients, there was a very
significant correlation between BMI in HIV patients and BDI-II scores with a value of p <
0.001, with a value of r = 0.38. So that the IMT variable in HIV patients deserves to be
included in the linear regression multivariate analysis test with a predictive conceptual
framework. 31,32] The variable CD4 count of HIV patients, there is a very significant
correlation between the number of CD4 and BDI-II scores with a value of p <0.001, with a
value of r = 0.58 So that the variable CD4 count in HIV patients deserves to be included in
the linear regression multivariate analysis test with a predictive conceptual framework. [31,32]
The variable number of CD4 in HIV patients, there is a very significant correlation between
the amount of income and BDI-II score with a value of p <0.001, with a value of r = 0.34 So
that the variable amount of income in HIV patients deserves to be included in the multivariate
linear regression analysis test with a predictive conceptual framework. [31.32]
Resume of
multivariate linear regression analysis of factors associated with BDI-II scores in HIV
patients at the VCT clinic of Haji Hospital Medan.
Discussion
This study is an observational analytic study. The research diagnosis in this study is linear
regression with a predictive concept framework to find the relationship of several
independent variable factors to the dependent variable, the dependent variable in this study is
the Indonesian version of the BDI II score. This study was conducted at the VCT Poli of the
Hajj Hospital Medan, the subjects of this study were 113 subjects who met the inclusion
criteria. The sampling method in this study was non-probability sampling, namely
consecutive sampling. The variables in this multivariate study were eligible for inclusion in
the linear regression analysis p<0.25, the multivariate study used the backward method for
analysis. This study found an association between the variables of age, income, smoking,
length of illness and CD4 count with the Indonesian version of the BDI-II score. High levels
of plasma proinflammatory cytokines in individuals with HIV contribute to the development
of psychiatric disorders, one of which is depression, such as significantly higher IL-6 and IL-
17 compared to very low CD4 T cell counts. Depression is also associated with biological
aging that can affect other biological processes, including muscle mass, motor and nerve
conduction velocity. Stressful and traumatic experiences typically accumulate with age and
are risk factors for the development of depression, thus the functional consequences of
biological shifts associated with aging and depression are likely driven by the interaction of
many different mechanisms. The results of this study suggest that the observational findings
of the association of smoking status with psychological distress in later life may be the result
of shared vulnerabilities, residual confounding or reverse causality (e.g., psychological
distress associated with smoking behavior in later life). The variable of gender of HIV
sufferers in the VCT clinic of the Haji Medan Hospital is mostly male, namely 59 people
52.2% and is not associated with the Indonesian version of the BDI-II score, the results
obtained with a value of p=0.75 Poor economic conditions can lead to mental health
problems in individuals suffering from HIV, certain stressors such as financial dependence
and social rejection that cause adverse effects on people with HIV. Depression in HIV
sufferers is in marital status, namely not having a partner (p<0.001). The factor associated
with depression in HIV patients was having HIV for more than 10 years (p=0.01). Mental
health problems can arise at any stage of HIV infection, such as the initial state of being
diagnosed HIV positive, disease progression and are associated with many mental, physical
and spiritual adjustments and losses faced. Factors associated with depression in HIV patients
were low CD4 count (p<0.001). Prolonged exposure to nicotine results in disruption of the
hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal systems resulting in hypersecretion of cortisol and
changes in the activity of the monoamine neurotransmitter system whose function is to
regulate reactions to stress. The term weight gain is used to describe weight gain among
individuals with severe immune disorders who start ARVs after a period of weight loss.28
Above-average BMI is a protective factor for depressive symptoms (p=0.01).
Conclusion
Thank you
Author contributions - All authors contributed equally to the production of this study. The
primary investigation was conducted by BSP. BSP as correspondence author also made major
contributions to the writing of the original manuscript. Initial conceptualization and
validation were contributed by EE, and statistical methodology was supervised by NMN.
References