Hall Effect, Theory, Experiment and Its Importance
Hall Effect, Theory, Experiment and Its Importance
Hall Effect, Theory, Experiment and Its Importance
he diier
theral
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EFFECT-DETERMINATION
When magnetic field is applied
a magnetic
OF
HALL COEFFICIENT
DEFFICIENT
ae isis dev
voltage perpendicular to a current carrving
developed across the specimen in a direction conductor or semiconductor, a
tic field. This
magnetic
Consider a slab of
specimen subjected to an external
magnetic field Bz along the z-axis electric field E, along x-axis and a
as shown in
Fig. 9.16
As a result of electric field E, a current J, flows in the direction of electric field. If the
clectrons of charge e cary the current then, their velocity v, is opposite to the current density J,
SO the magnetic induction B applied perpendicular to the current exerts a transverse magnetic
deflecting force (Lorentz force) on the electrons which causes the electrons to drift downward
to the edge of the specimen.
Consequently the lower surface of the slab becomes negative and upper surface
DEcomes positive. This excess of negative charges on the lower surface and the corresponding
CACess positive charges on the upper surface create a transverse electric field E, known as Hall
eld which opposes the transverse drifting electrons. Eventually an equilibrium is reached at
which the electrical opposing
force ek, due to accumulation of electrons becomes equal to the
magnetic dellecting force ev,B, and the drifting of clectrons are stopped. Thus the net force on
the electrons becomes zero.
Downward force experienced by electrons ev,B,
Force acting on clectrons in the upward direction
eEy -
E, R J B
=
Coehfieieut
A
r u t a s vrlf
VHall
B
N-Prte2
escupliou:
A h n Fheemen Kawing ew mm orole
OLol leuenal m tong is n X-clineitoa
placel
asShoun iu
fizuure. A magnelii fulol BzBx ds
apled
Splieet -olresisw. A Eutable euvent
allsweol dwlow dm hRPALLmen along
the n-
olwresliou uukiak he
varinbAe heolat.
cau
ubye lal
a acecl hetueew the -prtetial leacls
Tuo
VHal
Expe meut
Halk vellage, Hall
&ymeasving h e Hall
se valoulatud. linee tke
aun
Coetaunt he meaguw
Calcullrerns
CiHaU coejticutut
lhe thiohnea
uhn, is
nee
Fy reieu
J in eg (
Vy ne bd
B
wial
Tu Bz
eb
-
FMew ()
VHall RH Lz Bz
RH
RH b.VHall
T Bz
Fyn Hapeeut h e eepneIRLEU