Age Estimation
Age Estimation
Age Estimation
SAMUDRAWAR
III YEAR PG
DEPARTMENT OF ORAL MEDICINE &
RADIOLOGY
RCDSR, BHILAI
Contents :
Introduction
Types of age – chronolgical age
height & weight
skeletal age
Dental age
Skeletal age determination
Dental age estimation
morphologic /visual examination
radiographic examination
histological examination
biochemical examination
Age estimation using the dentition in three phase
Ageing in prenatal, neonatal & early post natal
Age estimation in children & adolscents
Age estimation in adults
Factors useful in dental age estimation
Conclusion
References
Introduction :
This process begins in the third and fourth decades of life and the
sutures varies markedly from individual to individual.
Mental Located near the lower Midway between upper Near alveolar margin
foramen margin of the body & lower margin
Aspartic acid has been reported to have the highest racemization rate
of all amino acids and to be stored during aging.
• Tooth-to-pulp ratio
Before the mineralization of tooth germs starts, the tooth germs may be
visible as radiolucent areas on the radiograph; the subsequent
radiographs of the mandible will depict the deciduous teeth in various
stages of mineralization as per the pre-natal age of the fetus.
For the teeth with incomplete root development, that is, with
open apices, the distance between inner sides of the open
apex was measured (A).
For the teeth with two roots, the sum of the distances between
inner sides of two open apices was evaluated.
Stage Description
In both uniradicular and multiradicular teeth, a beginning of
calcification is seen at the superior level of the crypt in the form of
an inverted cone or cones. There is no fusion of these calcified
points.
c. The outline of the pulp chamber has the outline of the pulp
chamber has a curved shape at the occlusal border.
D. a. The crown formation is completed down to the
cementoenamel junction.
• Molars:
• Molars:
Stage Crown formation has been completed to the level of the cementoenamel junction.
D Root formation has commenced. The pulp horns are beginning to differentiate, but
the walls of the pulp chamber remain curved.
Stage The root length remains shorter than the crown height. The walls of the pulp
E chamber are straight, and the pulp horns have become more differentiated than in
the previous stage.
In molars, the radicular bifurcation has commenced to calcify.
Stage The walls of the pulp chamber now form a triangle, and the root length is equal to
F or greater than the crown height. In molars, the bifurcation has developed
sufficiently to give the roots a distinct form.
Stage The walls of the root canal are now parallel, but the apical end is partially open. In
G molars, only the distal root is rated.
Stage The root apex is completely closed (distal root in molars). The periodontal
H membrane surrounding the root and apex is uniform in
width throughout.
Considering differences in tooth development between males
and females, Chaillet and Demirjian provided separate
maturity scores for each sex (Tables 21.4 and 21.5).
The score assigned for each of the eight teeth is added and a
total maturity score (S) obtained. The total is substituted in
regression formulae to derive age.
According to Johanson
Instead of four grades (0-3), he proposed seven grades (0,
0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 & 3). Using these grades
Age = 11.02 + (5.14A) + (2.3S) +(4.14P) + (3.71C) + (5.57R) +
(8.98T) was suggested
DENTINE TRANSLUCENCY
Bang & Ramm – first to use dentine translucency for age estimation.
Root dentine starts translucent during 3rd decade of life, begins at the
apex & advances coronally.
Solheim suggested translucency length (in mm) or area (mm2)
measured on intact or sectioned teeth.
Disadvantages:-
1. Irregular junction of translucent & non translucent zones.
2. Under estimation of age in old age groups due to slowing down of
dentinal sclerosis, restricting further ↑ in translucency
AGE ESTIMATION FROM INCREMENTAL LINE OF
CEMENTUM
Kagerer & Grupe suggested age estimation from acellular
cementum incremental lines.
Mineralized unstained cross-sections of teeth [preferably
mand. CI & 3rd molars] are used.
Disadvantage:-
Necessity to extract and / or section the teeth
possible in the dead but not in living individuals.
OTHER METHODS
Age estimation from changes in tooth color
Martin–de las Heras & co workers proposed the use of
spectro radio metry for dentine color Measurements.
Dentinal colors white, cream & yellow – 12 – 37yrs
Dentinal colors dark yellow & brown – 55 – 64yrs.
Kvaal & Solheim suggested the use of dentine & cementum
fluorescence for age estimation
↑ deepening of tooth color - ↑ fluorescence intensity - ↑ in
age.
CONCLUSION
In terms of legal representation, age estimation is one of the most
important steps for identification in forensic odontology when
predicting the age of a deceased or living person.