BAHASA DAN SASTRA INGGRIS Short Story
BAHASA DAN SASTRA INGGRIS Short Story
BAHASA DAN SASTRA INGGRIS Short Story
SHORT STORY
GROUP 3 :
1) Muhammad Haikal
2) Mutia Arum
3) Nayla Alifya A.
4) Yohannes Martha D.R.
A. Definition of Short Story
Short story is a brief fictional prose narrative that is shorter than a novel and that usually
deals with only a few characters.
The short story is usually concerned with a single effect conveyed in only one or a few
significant episodes or scenes. The form encourages economy of setting, concise
narrative, and the omission of a complex plot; character is disclosed in action and
dramatic encounter but is seldom fully developed. Despite its relatively limited scope,
though, a short story is often judged by its ability to provide a “complete” or satisfying
treatment of its characters and subject.
Before the 19th century the short story was not generally regarded as a
distinct literary form. But although in this sense it may seem to be a uniquely
modern genre, the fact is that short prose fiction is nearly as old as language itself.
Throughout history humankind has enjoyed various types of brief narratives:
jests, anecdotes, studied digressions, short allegorical romances, moralizing fairy tales,
short myths, and abbreviated historical legends. None of these constitutes a short story
as it has been defined since the 19th century, but they do make up a large part of
the milieu from which the modern short story emerged.
• Introduction. Here’s where you introduce your readers to your characters and
establish your story setting and tone. I will dive into characters and setting more
in later posts. Your protagonist is usually called to action here. Popular Fantasy
writer Brandon Sanderson calls this an “inciting incident”, some sort of crisis point
that makes your character get out of his or her world (or comfort zone) into a new
world. Here you make some promises to your reader as to where the story leads
to.
• Confrontation. In the middle part, a writer has a difficult task to keep the reader
interested, before reaching the conclusion of the story. The protagonist and his or
her allies face some complications as they moving along. Often things get worse
for them and they need to find ways to tip the scale.
• Resolution. Which is what your main character tries to do in the last act. He or
she is actually doing something to tip the balance, face trials, solve problems. As
a writer, you have to build towards a satisfying conclusion here that is living up to
the promises you’ve made early on in the story.
1) Setting: tells the readers where and when the story takes place.
Thetime and locationin which a story takes place is called the setting. For
some storiesthe setting is very important, while for others it isnot. There
are several aspects of a story's settingto consider when examining how
settingcontributes to a story (some, or all, may be present in a story):
place- geographical location.·time- (historical period, time of day, year,
etc)· weather conditions- rainy, sunny, stormy, etc?·social conditions- the
daily life of the character,local color·mood or atmosphere- What feeling is
created atthe beginning of the story?Is it bright and cheerful or dark and
frightening?
Types of characters :
• Rounded Characters, A round character is complex intemperament and
motivation and is represented withsubtle particularity; such character
therefore is as difficult to describe with any adequacy as a person in real
life, and like real persons, is capable of surprising us.
• Flat Characters, personalities that are presented only briefly and not in
depth, A flat character (also called a type, or “two-dimensional”), Forster
says is built around a single idea or quality and is presented without much
individualizing detail, and therefore can be describe adequately in a single
phrase or sentece.
• Dynamic, many sided personalities that change, for better or worse, by the
end of the story.
2) Plot : a series of events through which the writer reveales what is happening, to
whom, and why.
3) Point of view : the position of the narrator of the story and what the writer sees
from that vantage point.
4) Value : the message the writer intends to communicate by telling the story. It is
different with topic. And must be written in a sentence.
Example :
Value of beauty and the beast is “don’t judge a book by its cover”
Topic : a lovely young woman who ends up falling in love with the beast.
I, Me, Mine He, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its
5. Use of action verbs.
6. Use of adjectives
7. Use of adverb of time
Example: every morning, tomorrow
8. Use of adverb of place
Example: in a small village
9. Use of time connectives and conjunction
Example: next, after, before, when.
• Fable: A tale that provides a moral lesson, often using animals, mythical
creatures, forces of nature, or inanimate objects come to life (Brothers
Grimm, Aesop)
• Flash fiction: A story between 5 to 2,000 words that lacks traditional plot
structure or character development, and is often characterized by a
surprise or twist of fate (Lydia Davis)
• Mini saga: A type of micro-fiction using exactly 50 words (!) to tell a story
• Vignette: A descriptive scene or defining moment that does not contain a
complete plot or narrative, but reveals an important detail about a
character or idea (Sandra Cisneros)
• Modernism: Experimenting with narrative form, style, and chronology
(inner monologues, stream of consciousness) to capture the experience of
an individual (James Joyce, Virginia Woolf)
• Postmodernism: Using fragmentation, paradox, or unreliable narrators to
explore the relationship between the author, reader, and text (Donald
Barthelme, Jorge Luis Borges)
• Magical realism: Combining realistic narrative or setting with elements of
surrealism, dreams, or fantasy (Gabriel García Márquez)
• Minimalism: Writing characterized by brevity, straightforward language,
and a lack of plot resolutions (Raymond Carver, Amy Hempel)