MODULE 3

HISTORY OF NURSING

PREFACE
During 1906, Filipino nurses was trained at Iloilo Mission Hospital and the health
institute also built. This has been the beginning of development of more nursing schools in
the
Philippines. Under Pensionado Act of 1903 or Act 854) was mandated, allowing Filipino
nursing student to study in United States. Nurses are actively involved in health care
research, management, policy deliberations, and patient advocacy. Nurses with post
baccalaureate preparation assume independent responsibility for providing primary health
care and specialty services to individuals, families, and communities.

The evolution of nursing was historical Nightingale’s achievements. During

epidemics, such as cholera, typhus, and smallpox, men took on active nursing roles.
Nightingale and her nurses had reorganized the barracks hospital in accordance with 19th-
century science: walls were scrubbed for sanitation, windows opened for ventilation,
nourishing food prepared and served, and medications and treatments efficiently
administered. Within weeks death rates plummeted, and soldiers were no longer sickened by
infectious diseases arising from poor sanitary conditions.
Stephen Girard, a wealthy French-born banker, won the hearts of citizens of his
adopted city of Philadelphia for his courageous and compassionate nursing of the victims of
the 1793 yellow fever epidemic. While Josephine Bracken a wife of Jose Rizal, installed a
field hospital in an estate house in Tejeros. She provided nursing care to the wounded night
and day.

Topic 1. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES

Nursing has undergone dramatic change in response to societal needs and

influences. This topics highlights only selected aspects of events that have influenced
nursing practice.
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Recurring themes of women’s roles and status, religious (Christian) values, war, societal
attitudes, and visionary nursing leadership have influenced nursing practice in the past.
Many of these factors still exert their influence today.

A. Women’s Roles
❖ Traditional female roles always included the care and nurturing of other family
members. Thus, the traditional nursing role has always entailed humanistic caring,
nurturing, comforting, and supporting.
B. Religion

❖ Many of the world’s religions encourage benevolence, it was the Christian value of
“love thy neighbor as thyself” and Christ’s parable of the Good Samaritan that had a
significant impact on the development of Western nursing. Some of these values
include: (1) self-denial, (2) spiritual calling, (3) devotion to duty, and (4) hard work.
❖ The nurse’s commitment to these values often resulted and in exploitation not much
in the way of monetary rewards or professionalism. It was a common belief for many
nurses themselves to feel it inappropriate to expect economic gain from their “calling”
into the nursing profession.
C. War
❖ The Crusades saw the formation of several orders of
knights, including the Knights of Saint John of
Jerusalem (also known as the Knights Hospitallers), the
Teutonic Knights, and the Knights of Saint Lazarus.
These brothers in arms provided nursing care to their sick
and injured comrades. These orders also built hospitals,
the organization and management of which set a standard
for the administration of hospitals throughout Europe at
that time.
❖ The Knights of Saint Lazarus dedicated themselves to
the care of people with leprosy, syphilis, and chronic skin conditions.

❖ During medieval times in the 14th century at Germany, there were many religious
orders of men in nursing. Alexian Brothers organized care for victims of the Black
Plague.
❖ During the third and fourth centuries, Fabiola a wealthy matron of the Roman
Empire, converted to Christianity and used their wealth to provide houses of care and
healing (the forerunner of hospitals) for the poor, the sick, and the homeless.
❖ On the same year, deaconess groups were suppressed by the Western churches.
Theodor Fliedner reinstituted the Order of Deaconesses and opened a small
hospital and training school in Kaiserswerth, Germany.

❖ Florence Nightingale received her “training” in nursing at the Kaiserswerth School.

Early religious values, such as self-denial, spiritual calling, and devotion to duty and
hard work, have dominated nursing throughout its history.
❖ Nurses’ commitment to these values often resulted in exploitation and few monetary
rewards. For some time, nurses themselves believed it was inappropriate to expect
economic gain from their “calling.”
❖ During the Crimean War (1854–1856), the inadequacy of care given to soldiers led
to a public outcry in Great Britain. The role Florence Nightingale played in addressing
this problem is well known. She was asked by Sir Sidney Herbert of the British War

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Department to recruit a contingent of female nurses to provide care to the sick and
injured in the Crimea.
❖ Nightingale and her nurses transformed the military hospitals by setting up
sanitation practices, such as hand washing and washing clothing regularly.
Nightingale is credited with performing miracles; the mortality rate in the Barrack
Hospital in Turkey, for example, was reduced from 42% to 2% in 6 months
❖ Florence Nightingale known as a founder of modern nursing and developed the
Nightingale Training School for Nurses that opened in 1860. Her greatest
achievement was probably in nursing education and published “Notes on Nursing:
What It Is, and What It Is Not”. This publication was intended for all women and
brought her the recognition of nursing’s first scientist-theorist.
During the American Civil War I (1861–1865), several women rushing to
volunteer their nursing services. These nurses endured harsh environments
and treated injuries. They die and buried in Arlington National Cemetery
this monument called “The Spirit of Nursing”.

During World War II – Cadet Nurse Corps was established in response to

a marked shortage of nurses.

D. Visionary Nursing Leadership

❖ Clara Barton is a schoolteacher who volunteered as a nurse during the American
Civil War and established the American Red Cross. She persuaded to ratify the
Treaty of Geneva so that the Red Cross could perform humanitarian efforts in time of
peace.
❖ Lillian Wald – founder of public health nursing.
❖ Margaret Higgins Sanger – was imprisoned for opening the first birth control
information clinic in America and is considered the founder of Planned Parenthood.
She had experienced many unwanted pregnancies that lead her to addressing the
problem.
❖ Mary Breckinridge – established the Frontier Nursing Service, Committee for
Devastated France to distribute food, clothing and supplies to rural villages and took
care of sick children.
❖ Harriet Tubman and Sojourner Truth
– provided care and safety to slaves
fleeing to the North on the Underground
Railroad.

❖ Walt Whitman and Louisa May Alcott

– volunteered as nurses to give care to
injured soldiers in military hospitals.

E. Societal Attitudes

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❖ Dorothea Dix – became a union’s superintendent of female nurses responsible for

recruiting nurses and supervising the nursing care of all women nurses working in the
army hospitals.

❖ The prevailing attitude for women during 1800 should be at home and no career. The
nurses in hospitals were poorly educated; some were even incarcerated criminals.
❖ Charles Dickens, made a book Martin Chuzzlewit (1896) reflected his attitude
towards nurses through his character Sairy Gamp. The nurses “cared” for the sick
but they are neglected and physically abusing.
❖ During this period nurses greatly influenced the negative image and attitude but
because of the work of Florence Nightingale during the Crimean War. After
Nightingale brought respectability to the nursing profession, nurses were viewed as
noble, compassionate, moral, religious, dedicated, and self-sacrificing.
❖ Florence Nightingale’s contributions to nursing are well documented. Her
achievements in improving the standards for the care of war casualties in the Crimea
earned her the title “Lady with the Lamp.” Her efforts in reforming hospitals and in
producing and implementing public health policies also made her an accomplished
political nurse.

HISTORY OF NURSING IN THE WORLD / GLOBAL EVOLUTION

I. Intuitive Nursing

❖ Instinctive or untaught; largely based on common sense based on effects of past

experienced, not based on scientific training or formal education.
❖ Women as custodian or nurse in nomadic tribes
❖ Illness- evil invasion; voodoo or black magic

Shaman - (witch doctor/medicine man) – white magic (healing power)

❖ Hypnosis, charms, dances, incantations, purgatives, massage, fire, water, herbs, and
other vegetations and even animals to drive away illness.
❖ Trephination – hole drilled in the skull via rock or stone without anesthesia

A. NURSING IN THE NEAR EAST

✓ Roots of Western civilization
✓ Birthplace of Judaism, Christianity, and Mohammedanism

1) BABYLONIA
➢ King Hammurabi – ruler from 1945 B.C. to 1902 B.C.
Code of Hammurabi
❖ Practice of Medicine
❖ Fees
❖ Discouraged experimentation
❖ Specialty for diseases
❖ Right of patient to choose (charms, drugs, surgery) to cure diseases ❖
Excavated 1849

2) EGYPT
❖ Embalming and record of 250 diseases

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B. NURSING IN THE FAR EAST

1) CHINA
❖ Belief in spirits and demons
❖ Prohibited dissection of human bo
❖ Materia Medica (Pharmacology)
❖ Prescribed methods of treating wounds, infections, and muscular afflictions
❖ No mention of nursing but presumed female as in-charge of nursing the sick

2) INDIA
❖ Men of medicine-built hospitals
❖ Practiced intuitive form of Asepsis
❖ Proficient in the practice of medicine and surgery
❖ Woman voluntarily took charge of taking care of the sick.
❖ Sushurutu/ Susruta- his writings (written 200 or 300 B.C.) is a list of functions and
qualifications of the nurses who were described as combination of pharmacists,
masseurs, physical therapists, and cooks.
❖ Buddhism- contributed to the decline of medical practice when the religion itself fell in
this era.

C. NURSING IN THE ANCIENT GREECE

1) GREECE
❖ Nursing was the task of untrained slave
❖ Women were considered inferior to men & were made to stay at the background to do
house chores and care for the sick.

❖ AESCULAPIUS – Father of Medicine in Greek mythology.

❖ CADUCEUS
• Greek mythology, a symbol of identity of the medical profession today.
• Composed of the staff of travelers intertwined with 2 serpents (symbol of
Aesculapius and his healing power); and wings of Hermes or Mercury located
at the apex of the staff (symbol of speed; speed of healing).

Hippocrates
❖ Born in Greece in 460 BC
❖ Father of Medicine due to his notable contributions to medical practice - in
reality, not in mythology.
❖ Developed a philosophy of medicine and practice medical ethics
❖ Rejected the belief that the origin of disease could be found in the supernatural
❖ Did not entrust care of the sick to untrained lay persons but to medical students.

D. TRANSITION FROM PAGAN TO CHRISTIAN PHILOSOPHY

1) ROME
❖ Illness was considered a sign of weakness ❖ Care of the sick
was left to the slaves.
❖ Some were however converted to Christianity and left their
pleasure-seeking life; some of them took good care of the sick

II. Apprentice Nursing

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❖ On-the-job training performed without any formal education: attributed to the religious
orders of the Christian church.
❖ Built hospitals were staffed by religious orders who dedicated their lives to the care of
the patients.
❖ Organized nursing was found in the military, secular and mendicant or begging orders

A. THE CRUSADES
❖ Military religious orders were founded to establish hospitals staffed with men who
served as nurses for those who were wounded in the war.
❖ Knights of St. John of Jerusalem & Teutonic Knights
❖ Knights of Saint Lazarus
❖ Alexian Brothers – established Hospital School of Nursing in Chicago which was the
largest school of nursing under religious auspices operated exclusively for men in the
U.S.

Religious Nursing Orders - founded by queens, princesses, and other royal ladies. Some
orders found before the reformation.
a. Augustinians
b. Poor Clares
c. Beguines
d. Benedictines
e. Ursulines
f. Tertiaries (lay people who were affiliates of the religious) of St. Francis and of St.
Dominic.

HOTEL DIEU (in Paris) - Hospitals were poorly ventilated, mattresses were hard and
cleaned only 3x a year, beds were shared by 2 or 3 patients, laundry was done by nurses,
linens were sometimes washed in the nearby river.

Jeanne Mance - founder of the Hotel Dieu of Montreal in October 1644

- First laywoman who worked as a nurse on the North American continent.

Nursing Saints (12th to 16th Centuries)

1. ST. CLARE (1194 – 1253) – founder of the 2nd order of St. Francis of Assisi and took
care of the sick particularly the lepers in the convent of San Damiano.

2. ST. CATHERINE OF SIENNA (1347- 1380) – the first to be called the “Lady with a
Lamp”. A nurse in the hospital of Santa Maria de la Scala.
1347 – Bubonic Plague – Sienna Catherine still took care of the victims.

B. IMPACT OF SOCIAL REVOLUTIONS

RISE OF ORGANIZED CHARITY
b.1 VINCENT DE PAUL
➢ Organized the works of charity so as they could have directions
➢ Organized a group of women and then named them LA CHARITE
➢ Founder of “The Community of the Sisters of Charity” who were dedicated to
serving God in caring for the sick, the poor, the orphaned, and the widowed

b.2 LOUISE DE GRAS (nee de MARILLAC) = Co-foundress and the first superior

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C. THE REFORMATION AND THE COUNTER REFORMATION

c.1 The Reformation
➢ Martin Luther - head of the Reformation Movement; initiated some significant
changes in the church and society to counteract some abuses.
➢ An era that gave rise to some violent conflicts
➢ Contributed to the rise of Protestantism; later, all Christians, Protestants and
Catholics alike and other Christian denominations served as volunteers for the care
of the sick.

c.2 The Counter-Reformation

➢ A movement that encouraged a virtuous Christian life but discouraged violent
conflicts; upheld some of the changes initiated by Martin Luther
➢ Focused on peaceful means of change through prayers and witnessing to a life of
sacrifice
➢ Virtuous men and women gave examples of a life of dedicated service to society,
including service to the sick; prominent among these were St. Ignatius of Loyola, St.
Francis of Assisi, St. Claire of Assisi, St. Catherine of Sienna, etc.

c.3 Renaissance (rebirth) (17th and 19th Centuries) – ➢

Dark Age of Society (Dark Period in Nursing).
➢ Rise of progress in arts and culture but NOT in moral and religious values
➢ Society was filled with thieves due to social deprivations
➢ Care of the sick was entrusted to those who were proven guilty of a crime of theft.
➢ Care takers were not given humane facilities like food and quarters, so even more
they got buried into evil deeds like stealing the patients’ foods, accepting bribes.

D. EFFECTS OF SOCIAL REFORMS IN NURSING

➢ physical and mental illness
➢ BEDLAM- Bethlehem hospital in London
➢ Tickets were sold to the public to show the insane (showed inhuman approach).
➢ Doctors became convinced of the need for training nurses.
➢ Books were prepared, but those sent for training did not know how to read. ➢
Protestant and Catholic groups established nursing orders.

DEACONESS SCHOOL OF NURSING (at Kaiserswerth, Germany)

• 1st organized training school for nurses
• established by Pastors Theodore Fliedner and his wife Fredericke Munster Fliedner in
Germany in 1836 and started with only 6 students.
• Noted for 2 firsts:
a. rotating a 3 year experience in cooking and housekeeping, laundry and linen
and nursing care in the women’s and men’s wards
b. preliminary or probationary 3 month period of trial and error for both school
and student

E. NURSING IN THE NEW WORLD

1. PRE-CIVIL WAR NURSING

ELIZABETH SETON
❖ American who founded the Sisters of Charity of Emmetsburg in Maryland in 1809.

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AMERICAN REFORMS IN NURSING

❖ The nurse society of Philadelphia organized a school of nursing under the
direction of Dr. Joseph Warrington in 1839.
❖ Nurses were trained on the job and attended some courses with the medical
students at the Philadelphia Dispensary
❖ Upon completion of the course, they were given a “Certificate of Approbation”
❖ Women’s Hospital in Philadelphia established a 6- month course in Nursing
(medical surgical nursing, material medica, dietetics )
❖ Upon completion, they were given a diploma

2. NURSING DURING CIVIL WAR

DOROTHEA LYNDE DIX

- Not a nurse but appointed Superintendent of female volunteer nurses to take
care of the wounded for US government.
- Among the volunteers who became popular later were Louisa May Alcott, Walt
Whitman, Clara Barton, Mary Ann Bickerdyke
III. EDUCATED NURSING

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE
❖ Born on May 12, 1820 in Florence, Italy
❖ June 15, 1860 – cornerstone of nursing in England was laid
❖ 15 probationers entered St. Thomas Hospital in London to establish the Nightingale
system of nursing which enabled young women from upper class English society to
enter the profession of Nursing

NIGHTINGALE SYSTEM
❖ Decent living room quarters for students
❖ paid nurse instructors (by both school and hospital) correlation of theory and practice
❖ students should be taught of the “why not only the “how”
❖ limitations: non acceptance of new scientific discoveries: ignoring bacteriologic
research and germ theory felt that disease could be eliminated by cleanliness. ❖
1910 died at the age of 90

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE’s BROOCH- believed to be the origin of the nurses’ pin

❖ Designed by Prince Albert (husband of Queen Victoria of England)
❖ Awarded to Florence Nightingale as a medal or mark of esteem and gratitude for her
devotion towards the Queen’s brave soldiers in Crimea.
❖ The design is St. George’s cross in red enamel surmounted by a diamond crown
❖ Bears the words “Crimea” and “Blessed are the Merciful”

 NURSING IN THE U.S.

Linda Richards
• First graduate nurse in the US dated September 1, 1873
• At 32, she completed a 1- yr course in Nursing at the New England Hospital for
Women and Children at Boston , Massachusetts ( 1872- 1873)

 EARLY SCHOOL OF NURSING (1873)

• Bellevue Training School for Nurses (NY)
• Connecticut Training School (New Haven)
• Massachusetts General Hospital ( Boston)

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History of Nurses’ Uniform and its Significance

• 1st thought of by the 1st batch of Bellevue students though already existing at St.
Thomas School of Florence Nightingale
• patterned after a dress worn by Euphemia Van Rensselaer, a New York socialite who
was a member of the 1st batch or class.
o Blue and white striped seersucker, leg-o-mutton sleeves, trailing skirts and white apron,
collar, cuff’s, and cap
• A cap symbolized the saying that “what people wear on their heads can set them apart”
dating back to early times when a woman’s humility and obedience were denoted by
the veil she wore on her head; it has a sacred connotation of commitment, purity,
dignity, and other virtues.

 LATER SCHOOL OF NURSING

❖ John Hopkins Hospital School of Nursing (1889)
❖ Isabel Hampton Robb – 1st principal
❖ Caroline Hampton- appointed OR supervisor, had dermatitis
❖ Dr. William Halstead – ordered some rubber gloves from the Good year Rubber
Company to solve the problem; believed to be the beginning of operating room
gloves seen nowadays.
AWAKENING OF NURSING
❖ 1893 – groundwork for the establishment of 2 nursing organizations laid at the
Chicago’s World Fair
❖ Associated Alumnae became American Nurses’ Association (1911)
❖ The American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses became the
National League for Nursing Education (1912)
❖ Isabel H. Robb – also helped organize and develop both groups

SPANISH AMERICAN WAR

❖ Clara Louise Maas (East Orange New Jersey) – served as a nurse for patients with
malaria and yellow fever

20th CENTURY
1900 – 1912 – development of other nursing services aside from hospital service,
private duty, public health, school, government, material, etc.
A. Age of Specialization
College and postgraduate nursing education program
B. Set Standards (1913 – 1937)
Standard curriculum and textbooks
C. World War I
Nurses were assisted by the National Red Cross D. The
Great Depression
Financial Crisis – increased number of unemployed nurses Military nurses.

HISTORY OF NURSING IN THE PHILIPPINES

I. ANCIENT AND EARLY CARE OF THE SICK IN THE PHILIPPINES

The early life of the Filipinos had been mixed with superstitious beliefs. Some of these
beliefs continue persisting in some rural areas of the country. These beliefs affect the health
and sickness of the people. Sometimes this makes the work of health workers difficult for

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they do not combat only disease and unsanitary condition, but they must also overcome
superstitious beliefs which may sometimes be dangerous to clients. Though the traditional
approaches have been approved and recognized as healing and scientific, some clients
should still be guided against certain hazardous practices and beliefs.

Examples:
❖ Any person afflicted with the disease with unknown cause was under the spell of
witchcraft ❖ Presence of herbolarios
❖ Presence of manggagaway or mangkukulam
❖ Aswang watching a pregnant mother
❖ Superstitious beliefs affecting childbirth and childcare; dressing the cord with ashes,
tobacco, sand, powder, coconut, tight bond around the waist of a pregnant mother.
❖ The first milk of the mother (colostrum) was supposed to be unfit food for the newborn
hence, the milk should be pumped out and thrown away.

EARLY HOSPITALS DURING THE SPANISH REGIME

Some hospitals in 15th century were established by the religious and by the Spanish
administrators for their nationals, especially for the soldiers. The Franciscan order is the one
responsible for the establishment of these hospitals. The religious men (hospitallers) did the
nursing care of the sick. They were assisted by Filipino attendant whom they instructed in
the art of caring of the sick.
In the early development of nursing, the work of the nurse and the physician were not
clearly defined. Fray Juan Clemente, a lay brother of the Franciscan order, performed both
functions. He devoted his time in the care of the sick in the Philippines. Nurse the lepers,
made ointment and purgatives from coconut oil. They used medical plants in the treatment of
disease. They also believe in cleanliness of the body and mind.

1. THE HOSPITAL REAL DE MANILA (1577)

This was established in the city of Manila to care for the king’s soldiers. This was a general
hospital administered by the Spanish government.

2. SAN LAZARO HOSPITAL (1578)

Fray Juan Clemente established this clinic for the service of leprous patients, hence,
named after San Lazaro, a patron saint of lepers. This was administered by the hospitallers
of San Juan De Dios.

3. HOSPITAL DE AGUAS SANTAS (1590)

Established in Laguna, near Pansol, by Fray J. Bautista of the Franciscan order near a
medical spring which was believed to cure several patients.

4. SAN JUAN DE DIOS HOSPITAL (1596)

Founded by the brotherhood of Misericordia and was administered by the
hospitallers of San Juan De Dios from alms and rent.
5. HOSPITAL DE CONVALENSENCIA (1656)
Established in the little island on the Pasig river where the Hospicio de San
Jose stands.
6. HOSPITAL DE ZAMBOANGA (1742)
A military hospital established in Zamboanga.
7. HOSPITAL DE CAVITE (1842)
A general hospital supported by alms and donations
8. HOSPITAL DE SAN GABRIEL (1866)

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Established for Chinese patients

II. NURSING SERVICE DURING THE PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION

The women during the Philippine revolution took active part in nursing the wounded
soldiers. Without any training in nursing, they dressed the wound, alleviated pains, prepared
foods and gave comfort to the men engage in war. Among the prominent women who
volunteered were:

Josephine Bracken - attended and dressed the wounded soldiers with care, cheer with
soldiers. Escaped to Hongkong and died in 1902.

Rosa Sevilla de Alvaro - nurses the wounded soldiers without training

Doña Hilaria Agoncillo de Aguinaldo - established a traveling clinic, President of the

Filipino Red Cross in Batangas.

Tandang Sora - nursed the wounded soldiers

III. HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY

After the Philippine revolution, there was a great need for hospitals, dispensaries, and
laboratories. The great problem after the American occupation of Manila was the need of
doctors and nurses to help eradicate frequent epidemics of cholera, smallpox, and others. It
was expensive to employ Americans to work under the government; thus, the idea of training
the Filipino girls to become nurses was started.
BOARD OF HEALTH WAS ORGANIZED on July 1901.

1. THE ILOILO MISSION HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1906)

Administered under the Baptist Foreign Mission Society of America, started school in April,
1906. and has the distinction of graduating the first trained nurses in 1909. First board exam
was given in Iloilo.

2. SAINT LUKE’S HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1907)

The missionary nurses, Ms. Hick’s and Deaconess Charlotte Massy, started the school in
1907.
3. PHILIPPINE GENERAL HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1907)
Mary Colemen Masters and Mrs. Sofia Reyes de Veyra were among the pioneer
American teachers who saw the need of trained nurses in our country. Both worked for the
opening of the school.
Elsie McCloskey, the third American chief nurse of the PGH was interested in the
training of Filipino girls to enter the new profession of nursing.
Anastacia Giron Tupas was appointed by Senate President Quezon. She was the first
Filipino to occupy the position of chief nurse and superintendent in the Philippines. Apolona
Salvador Ladao - first nurse graduate

4. MARY JOHNSTON HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1907)

Established by Dr. Rebecca Parish and started its collegiate program beginning from
the school year 1953 to 1954.

5. SAN JUAN DE DIOS HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1913)

This school was opened on June 01, 1913 under the auspices of the Sisters of Charity of
Saint Vincent de Paul.

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6. CHINESE GENERAL HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1921)

Established by Mrs. Tancheco in 1891. The school of nursing was opened in 1921.

7. BAGUIO HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1923)

It was a military hospital but later it was placed under the Bureau of Health to take care of
civilians.

8. MANILA SANITARIUM AND HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1930) Ms. Fannie

Hiday was the first superintendent of nurses.

9. THE QUEZON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING ( 1957 )

Established in Lucena City with 150 beds, organized by Dr. Francisco Vicuña

10. SAINT PAUL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1946) – ILOILO

THE POST LIBERATION SCHOOL OF NURSING IN THE PHILIPPINES

The effect of World War II brought unhappy situation to the Filipino people. Disease was
very rampant due to lack of food, clothing, shelter, medicine, and other prime necessities.
Hundreds of wounded soldiers needed immediate care so that several hospitals were
established because of the tremendous work of health rehabilitation of the country.

The colleges/schools of nursing also arose because of the following reasons:

a. demand of ever-changing society
b. the desire to receive the best professional training
c. recognition by the community of its responsibilities
d. to keep abreast with trends of general education
HISTORY OF CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING
The College of Arts and Sciences (CAS) offered the Bachelor of Science in Nursing
(BSN) program in Cavite State University in SY 2002-2003 as per approval of the BOR
Resolution No. 57, s. 2001 under the supervision of the Biological Sciences Department
(BSD) headed by Dr. Yolanda Ilagan. With the initial enrollees of 240 students, the first year
of implementation of the program was successfully completed through the expertise of the
current faculty members of the BSD and part time medical doctors who were handling
General Biology and Human Anatomy and Physiology respectively while other faculty
members of CAS took charge of the General Education courses/subjects.

In SY 2003-2004, the newly hired Nursing faculty members took care of the Clinical
courses/subjects for sophomores. With an increasing demand for nursing and health
carerelated jobs abroad, the BSN population increased to 764 in SY 2004-2005 with
additional Clinical Instructors facilitating the Clinical/Related Learning Experiences (RLE) in
affiliated hospitals in Cavite. Still under the supervision of the BSD headed by Dr. Mila
Cueno, a total of 13 faculty members with teaching load ranging from 28 to 32 contact hours
per week were hired to accommodate the growing population of BSN students.

Among the programs handled by CAS, the Bachelor of Science in Nursing acquired
the highest enrollment equivalent to 15% of the total figure in the main campus, which is also
highest in the university system.

In June 2004, CAS started to offer a two-year diploma program in Midwifery wherein
graduates shall graduate in Diploma in Midwifery. Initially, Nursing instructors handled major

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courses and eventually hired registered Midwifery clinical instructors to supervise Midwifery
clinical practicum in the different affiliated hospitals, RHU’s and lyin-in clinics in Cavite.

This was followed by the offering of a four-year program in Bachelor of Science in

Medical Technology. The first year of implementation of both programs was successfully
completed through the expertise of the current faculty members of the BSD and part time
medical doctors who were handling General Biology and Human Anatomy and Physiology
respectively while other faculty members of the CAS took charge of the General Education
courses/subjects.

In October 18, 2005, a separate College of Nursing with a number of full time faculty
members/clinical instructors headed by its first designated dean, Prof. Lenila A. de Vera, RN,
MPH and Prof. Nenita B. Panaligan, RN as Clinical Coordinator to effectively manage and
accommodate the College of Nursing as per approval of the Board of Regents Resolution
No. 48, s. 2005.

For indeed, from an insignificant beginning to the College’s status as being one of the
biggest in the school community, it has grown to be one of the finest among state
universities. The College continued to upgrade its quality of education by producing
competent nursing graduates, provision of state-of the-art facilities for instruction and
research purposes for students as well as faculty members, recruitment of highly qualified
faculty members and establishing good and strong affiliations with various government,
private hospitals and health centers. The Diploma of Midwifery Program was officially turned
over to the College as one of its offering.

In April 2006, Prof. Elenita A. Mariano, RN, MAN was designated as the new dean of
CoN, with Prof. de Vera designated as Associate Dean and Prof. Ma. Angeles Lim as the
designated Principal of Midwifery department. There were 48 Nursing students and 3
midwifery students who successfully completed the requirements for graduation and were
considered as the first alumni of the College.

In June 2006, Prof. Nenita B. Panaligan was designated as Officer-in-Charge of the

College for one semester. There were 1049 BSN program enrollees and 48 Midwifery
students during the First Semester. Successful passers of the NLE among the first batch of
graduates gave the College recognition as rank 1st among the Nursing colleges and
universities in the Province of Cavite and among SUC’s in Southern Tagalog Region. The
Midwifery Department continued to work on the recognition status of the Midwifery
Program.There were 24 and 3 faculty members in Nursing and Midwifery Program
respectively.

During the start of second semester AY 2006-07, Prof. de Vera, as Dean continued to
realize the vision and mission of the College. There were 908 BSN enrollees and 55
Midwifery students enrolled to the program. The masteral program, Master of Arts in Nursing
(MAN), was also proposed and was approved for its offering in coordination with the Office of
Graduate Studies as per BOR Resolution No. 73, s. 2007 in August 11, 2007.

In June 2007, the BSMT Program was officially transferred to the CoN for supervision
and management with Prof. Adelaida Sangalang as the designated Chairman of the Institute
of Medical Technology. The Department initially has a faculty contingent of 3 and an
enrollment of 5 Medical Technology students.

After five years of operation, the College also prepares for accreditation of its BS
Nursing program for AACCUP Preliminary survey. Self-survey of the program was
conducted on November 2007.

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Eventually, with the University’s desire to answer the needs of the society, CON is
preparing the proposal to offer the Doctor of Medicine Program and Physical and
Occupational Therapy Program.

At present, CON has 3 working departments, Nursing Proper Department, Midwifery

Department and Institute of Medical Technology. It has 31 Nursing, 3 Midwifery and 3
Medical Technology faculty members.

Our graduates have started to pave their own different paths toward the achievement
of their personal and professional goals. The reputation that we have created is starting to
reap rewards in terms of easy job placements and positive feedback from the different
affiliating agencies and institutions where we also have established good camaraderie and
professional relationship.

As success ultimately comes from hard work, perseverance and hopes, the College
will continue to conform within the University’s thrust to choose and have the best and
brightest. The good news is that we have more or less attained stability in terms of
recognition, facilities, programs and outreach. However, our fear in failure has put more
challenges for the College to perform much better by doing more than what it has already
done

NURS 04: MODULE I, S. 2020 C.C. LINTAO