OA2 - 2-D Kinematics and Newton's Laws of Motion

10/11/2016 OA2:
2D Kinematics and Newton's Laws of Motion
OA2: 2D Kinematics and Newton's Laws of Motion
Due: 11:59pm on Sunday, August 28, 2016
You will receive no credit for items you complete after the assignment is due. Grading Policy
± Horizontal Cannon on a Cliff
A cannonball is fired horizontally from the top of a cliff. The
cannon is at height H = 100 m above ground level, and the ball
is fired with initial horizontal speed v 0 . Assume acceleration due
to gravity to be g = 9.80 m/s2 .
Part A
Assume that the cannon is fired at time t = 0 and that the cannonball hits the ground at time tg . What is the y position
of the cannonball at the time tg /2?
Answer numerically in units of meters.
Hint 1. How to approach the problem
In this problem, you are asked to find the height y at a certain time. Nothing is asked or given about the
distance coordinate x. Therefore, you only need to consider the y equations of motion and variables. Write down
the known and unknown y variables. Then find the appropriate equation(s) and substitute for the values.
Hint 2. Identify the knowns and unknowns
The information given in the introduction can be used to determine the knowns and unknowns in the problem.
For this part, you need to consider only the y variables. In terms of the given coordinate system, the initial
height y0 can be chosen to be 100 m . Of course, the acceleration in the y direction is exclusively the
acceleration due to gravity: ay = −g.
Which of the following quantities is/are also known?
Check all that apply.
ANSWER:
y at time tg
y0
v y at time tg
v 0y
Typesetting math: 100%
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10/11/2016 OA2: 2D Kinematics and Newton's Laws of Motion
Hint 3. Determine which equation to use to find the height at the requested time
Three equations that describe motion in the y direction are given below. Which would you use to determine the
height y of the cannonball at time tg /2?
ANSWER:
vy = v 0y − gt
y = y0 + v0y t −
1
gt
2
v 2y = v
2
0y
− 2g(y − y )
0
Hint 4. Find tg
What is the value of tg ?
Express your answer numerically in seconds.
Hint 1. Identify which equation to use to find tg
Which of the equations below could you use to find tg ?
ANSWER:
x = x0 + v 0x t
vy = v 0y − gt
y = y0 + v0y t −
1
gt
2
ANSWER:
tg = 4.52 s
ANSWER:
y(t g /2) = 75.0 m
Correct
The same answer can be obtained more easily (perhaps you did it this way) if you notice that v 0y = 0 . This
1 2
means that the vertical displacement is given by Δy = − gt and therefore Δy(tg /2) is onequarter of H ;
2
3
then y(tg /2) = H.
4
Part B
Given that the projectile lands at a distance D = 130 m from the cliff, as shown in the figure, find the initial speed of
the projectile, v 0 .
Express the initial speed numerically in meters per second.
The initial speed v 0 can be determined if you know either v 0x or v 0y and the angle of elevation of the cannon θ.
Then you could use either
v 0x = v 0 cos θ .
or
.
v 0y = v 0 sin θ
In this case, θ = 0, so there is no component of velocity in the vertical direction, and the second equation is not
useful. You need to determine v 0x from the given information. In this case, v 0 = v 0x because the cannonball is
launched with only an initial horizontal velocity. You are given the horizontal distance traveled by the cannonball
and need to find its horizontal velocity (which is constant because the only force acting on the cannonball,
gravity, acts exclusively in the vertical direction). You are not asked for or given any information about the y
variables. Therefore, you need to consider only the x variables and equations.
Hint 2. Knowns and unknowns
Since you are asked to find v 0x , you need to determine the knowns and unknowns only for the x variables. In
the coordinate system shown in the figure in the problem introduction, the known/given x variables are
x0 = 0 and
x(t g ) = 130 m .
Hint 3. The equation to use
The equation that describes the motion in the x direction is
x(t) = x0 + v x t .
Substitute for the known quantities in this equation and solve for
vx = v0 .
Keep in mind that v 0 = v 0x = v x because the cannonball is launched with an initial horizontal velocity and no
initial vertical velocity, and the horizontal component of the cannonball's velocity is constant.
ANSWER:
v0 = 28.8 m/s
Correct
Part C
What is the y position of the cannonball when it is at distance D/2 from the hill? If you need to, you can use the
trajectory equation for this projectile, which gives y in terms of x directly:
2
gx
y=H−
2
.
2v
0x
You should already know v 0x from the previous part.
Express the position of the cannonball numerically in meters.
ANSWER:
y D/2 = 75.0 m

Correct
Not surprisingly, the answer to this part is the same as that in Part A because a projectile travels equal horizontal
distances in equal amounts of time.
Conceptual Question 3.12
Part A
The vertical component of the acceleration of a projectile remains constant during the entire trajectory of the projectile.
ANSWER:
True
False
Correct
Part A
Vector = . Under what condition is 2 = 2 + 2 ?
ANSWER:
Vectors and are in perpendicular directions.
Vectors and are in opposite directions.
The statement is never true.
The statement is always true.
Vectors and are in the same direction.
Correct
± A Canoe on a River
A canoe has a velocity of 0.430 m/s southeast relative to the earth. The canoe is on a river that is flowing at 0.560 m/s
east relative to the earth.
Part A
Find the magnitude of the velocity v c/r
⃗ of the canoe relative to the river.
Express your answer in meters per second.
In this problem there are two reference frames: the earth and the river. An observer standing on the edge of the
river sees the canoe moving at 0.430 m/s , whereas an observer drifting with the river current perceives the
canoe as moving with velocity v c/r
⃗ . Since the velocity of the current in the river relative to the earth is known,
you can determine v c/r
⃗ . Note that the problem asks for the magnitude of v c/r
⃗ .
Hint 2. Find the relative velocity vector
Let v c/e
⃗ be the velocity of the canoe relative to the earth and v r/e
⃗ the velocity of the water in the river relative to
the earth. What is the velocity v c/r
⃗ of the canoe relative to the river?
Hint 1. Relative velocity
Consider a body A that moves with velocity v A/S
⃗ relative to a reference frame S and with velocity v A/S
⃗ ′
′ ′
relative to a second reference frame S . If S moves with speed v S⃗ ′
/S
relative to S, the velocity of the
body relative to S is given by the vector sum
⃗
v A/S = v ⃗
A/S
′ + v ⃗ ′
S /S
.
This equation is known as the Galilean transformation of velocity.
ANSWER:
v r/e
⃗ ⃗
+ v c/e
v c/e
⃗ ⃗
− v r/e
v r/e
⃗ ⃗
− v c/e
Hint 3. Find the components of the velocity of the canoe relative to the river
Let the x axis point from west to east and the y axis from south to north. Find (v c/r )x and (v c/r )y, the x and the
y components of the velocity of the canoe relative to the river.
Express the two velocity components, separated by a comma, in meters per second.
The Galilean transformation of velocity tells you that the velocity of the canoe relative to the river is
given by the difference of two vectors. Therefore, the components of the velocity of the canoe relative to
the river are given by the difference of the components of those two vectors. Look back at the diagram
from the introduction for help in setting up the equations.
Hint 2. Components of a vector
Consider a vector A⃗ that forms an angle θ with the positive x axis. The x and y components of A⃗ are
A x = A cos θ and Ay = A sin θ,
where A is the magnitude of the vector.
ANSWER:
(v c/r )
x
, (v c/r )y = 0.256,0.304 m/s
ANSWER:
v c/r = 0.397 m/s
Correct
Part B
Find the direction of the velocity of the canoe relative to the river.
Express your answer as an angle measured south of west.
The direction of a vector can be determined through simple trigonometric relations. You can use either the
relation between the magnitude of the vector and one of its components or the relation between the two
components of the vector. In both cases, use the information found in Part A. Note that the problem asks for the
direction of v c/r
⃗ as an angle measured south of west; your answer should be a positive angle between 0∘ and
90 .
∘
Hint 2. Find the direction of a vector given its components
Consider a vector of magnitude A whose x component is Ax and y component is Ay . What is the angle this
vector makes with the x axis?
Hint 1. The direction of a vector
Consider a vector A⃗ that forms an angle θ with the positive x axis. The vector's x and y components are
A x = A cos θ and Ay = A sin θ,
where A is the magnitude of the vector. Thus,
Ay Ay Ax
tan θ = , sin θ = , and cos θ = .
Ax A A
ANSWER:
arcsin(Ay /A)
arccos(Ay /A)
arcsin(A/Ay )
arctan(Ax /Ay )
sin(Ay /A)
ANSWER:
49.9 degrees south of west
Correct
Problem 3.48
^ ^
Exactly 3.2 s after a projectile is fired into the air from the ground, it is observed to have a velocity v = (8.4
⃗ i + 4.9 j )m/s,
where the x axis is horizontal and the y axis is positive upward.
Part A
Determine the horizontal range of the projectile.
Express your answer using two significant figures.
ANSWER:
R = 62 m
Correct
Part B
Determine its maximum height above the ground.
ANSWER:
y
max
= 67 m
Correct
Part C
Determine the speed of motion just before the projectile strikes the ground.
ANSWER:
v f inal = 37 m/s
Correct
Part D
Determine the angle of motion just before the projectile strikes the ground.
ANSWER:
θ = 77 ∘ below the horizontal
Correct
Part A
The magnitude of a unit vector is one.
ANSWER:
True
False
Correct
± An Electric Ceiling Fan
An electric ceiling fan is rotating about a fixed axis with an initial angular velocity magnitude of 0.220 rev/s . The
magnitude of the angular acceleration is 0.915 rev/s2 . Both the the angular velocity and angular accleration are directed
clockwise. The electric ceiling fan blades form a circle of diameter 0.760 m .
Part A
Compute the fan's angular velocity magnitude after time 0.210 s has passed.
Express your answer numerically in revolutions per second.
Hint 1. Angular velocity and acceleration
Recall that angular velocity ω and angular acceleration α are related by a kinematic formula similar to that for
linear velocity and linear acceleration: ω(t) = ω0 + αt. You may use either revolutions per second and rev/s2
as your units, or radians per second and rad/ . 2
as your units, or radians per second and rad/s2 .
ANSWER:
0.412 rev/s
Correct
Part B
Through how many revolutions has the blade turned in the time interval 0.210 s from Part A?
Express the number of revolutions numerically.
Hint 1. Angle and angular velocity
Recall that the angle θ, angular velocity ω, and angular acceleration α are related by a kinematic formula similar
1 2
to that for linear displacement, velocity, and acceleration: θ(t) = θ0 + ω 0 t + αt .
2
You may use either rev, rev/s, and rev/s2 as your units, or rad , rad/s , and rad/s2 .
ANSWER:
6.64×10−2 rev
Correct
Part C
What is the tangential speed v tan (t) of a point on the tip of the blade at time t = 0.210 s ?
Express your answer numerically in meters per second.
Hint 1. Relating angular and linear speed
A particle moving with angular velocity ω in a circle of radius r has linear speed v = ωr .
To use this equation with angular velocity, you must express the angular velocity in rad/s .
Hint 2. Converting revolutions to radians
One revolution is equal to 2π radians.
ANSWER:
v tan (t) = 0.984 m/s
Correct
Part D
What is the magnitude a of the resultant acceleration of a point on the tip of the blade at time t = 0.210 s ?
Express the acceleration numerically in meters per second squared.
Since the fan blade is both moving in a circle and speeding up, the tip of the blade must have both tangential
and radial acceleration. Add them to find the total acceleration.
Keep in mind that acceleration is a vector, and in order to find the total acceleration, one must use vector
addtion (that is, one may not simply add the magnitudes).
Hint 2. Find the centripetal acceleration
Calculate the magnitude acent of the instantaneous centripetal acceleration of the point at the end of the fan
blade. This is the acceleration perpendicular to the direction of motion.
Express your answer numerically in meters per second squared.
Hint 1. Definition of centripetal acceleration
Centripetal acceleration acent for an object moving with tangential velocity v tan in a circular path of radius
r is given by
2
v
.
tan
acent =
r
ANSWER:
acent = 2.55 m/s2
Hint 3. Find the tangential acceleration
Calculate the magnitude atan of the instantaneous tangential acceleration (along the direction of motion) of a
point on the tip of the blade at time 0.210 s .
Express your answer numerically in meters per second squared.
Hint 1. Definition of tangential acceleration
The tangential acceleration atan is the rate at which a point increases velocity along its line of motion. If
the point is moving with angular acceleration α on a circular path of radius r, then
atan = rα .
To use this equation, however, you must express the angular acceleration in radians per second squared.
Hint 2. Converting revolutions to radians
One revolution is equal to 2π radians.
ANSWER:
atan = 2.18 m/s2
Hint 4. Calculating the vector sum
Notice that the centripetal and tangential accelerations are perpendicular. Thus, you can think of them as the
two components of the total acceleration a. This makes the magnitude of the total acceleration
−−−−−−−−−
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√ 10/19
−−−−−−−−−
a = √a
2
tan
+a
2
cent
, where atan is the magnitude of the tangential acceleration and acent is the magnitude of
the centripetal acceleration.
ANSWER:
a = 3.36 m/s2
Correct
Newton's 1st and 2nd Laws
Learning Goal:
To understand the meaning and the basic applications of Newton's 1st and 2nd laws.
Newton's laws are fundamental in mechanics. Their mathematical expressions are very simple but conceptual
understanding of Newton's laws, which is necessary for solving nontrivial problems, is not simple at all.
Newton's 1st law
The common textbook statement of Newton's 1st law may seem rather straightforward. Here it is:
An object has a constant velocity (possibly zero) if and only if the net force acting on the object is zero.
In other words, if the vector sum of the forces applied to the object is zero, the object would be either at rest or at constant
velocity (that is, the object would have zero acceleration). If such a sum is not zero, the object cannot possibly be moving
at a constant velocity.
Frames of reference
The statement of Newton's 1st law becomes a bit more complicated in actual applications. Imagine yourself in a car. To
understand Newton's 1st law fully, we need the concept of a frame of reference. A frame of reference is a set of coordinates
used to measure distances and times. In your frame of reference, any distance would be measured relative to you. For
example, the radio in the car is 0.75 m to the right of you. The radio is at rest in your frame of reference, because the radio
doesn't change its distance or direction from you.
In your frame of reference, the car is always at rest. It is entirely possible that the net force acting on the car is not zero:
The car may (in the frame of reference of an observer standing on the ground) be accelerating, turning, or braking. Yet in
your frame of reference, the car would remain at rest because, relative to you, it is not moving at all. So, the car is at rest or
accelerating, depending upon who you ask.
Inertial frames of reference
It's tempting to ignore this difficulty by saying that the frame of reference attached to the car is somehow wrong. The
observer on the ground, in contrast, is right: The observer sees the motion of the car as it really is. However, such a line of
reasoning seems flawed, because it raises the question of how to determine which frames of reference are "right" and which
ones are "wrong."
This is what Newton's 1st law settles. Newton established the concept of an inertial frame of reference. An inertial frame of
reference, by definiton, is one in which the statement of Newton's 1st law is, in fact, true.
Newton's 2nd law
It is important to know that the frame of reference being used is, in fact, inertial. Only then does Newton's 2nd law work in a
simple and elegant form. Newton's 2nd law establishes the relationship between the net force acting on an object, the mass
of the object, and its acceleration:
⃗
Typesetting math: 100% F net = ma⃗ ,
or
⃗
⃗
F
.
net
a⃗ =
m
Note that Newon's 2nd law allows one to find the magnitude of the object's acceleration. It also establishes the fact that the
acceleration of an object has the same direction as the net force acting on the object.
Applying Newton's laws in inertial and noninertial frames
If the frame of reference is not inertial, using Newton's 2nd law to calculate acceleration is still possible but may be far more
complicated. Objects that experience zero net force may accelerate, and objects that move at constant velocity may
experience a net force not equal to zero. The important question is: Which frames of reference are inertial and which ones
are not? This also raises the following question: Are there any inertial frames of reference in this universe?
Newton postulated that inertial frames of reference do exist. This statement, coupled with the definition of inertial frames of
reference, may be considered a more proper way to state Newton's 1st law.
Only an experiment can establish whether a particular frame of reference is inertial (or, to be precise, "inertial enough" for
the purposes needed). Let us go back to the car example. The frame of reference attached to the ground, we would usually
say, is inertial. That is, if we get an object and make sure that all external forces acting on it add up to zero, we can then
observe that the object is, in fact, moving at constant velocity (or, possibly, remaining at rest). In most problems that we
will be solving, the frame of reference of the earth will be considered an inertial frame of reference. For all practical
purposes, this means that Newton's 2nd law will work in it.
However, it is instructive to understand that the earth provides a reference frame that is less than "perfectly inertial." An
observer on the sun, for instance, would notice that the object in question does, in fact, have an acceleration: the
centripetal acceleration associated with the orbital motion of the earth around the sun! The best inertial frame of reference is
the one assoicated with distant stars and any other frame of reference that is moving at a constant velocity relative to
distant stars.
The conceptual questions that follow should help you learn to apply Newton's 1st and 2nd laws properly. Note that,
throughout this problem, we will assume that the frame of reference associated with the earth is perfectly inertial.
Part A
Which object provides an inertial frame of reference?
ANSWER:
the tip of the moving second hand of a clock
a rock thrown vertically upward
a pendulum swinging with no air resistance
a skydiver falling at terminal (constant) velocity
Correct
Assuming that the earth provides an inertial frame of reference, an object moving at a constant velocity relative to
the earth would also provide an inertial frame of reference.
Part B
You are conducting an experiment inside an elevator that can move in a vertical shaft. A load is hung vertically from
the ceiling on a string, and is stationary with respect to you. The tension in the string is measured to be 10% less than
the force due to gravity on the load. No other forces are acting on the load. Which of the following statements about the
elevator are correct?
ANSWER:
The elevator is an inertial frame of reference.
The elevator is not an inertial frame of reference.
The elevator may be at rest for the duration of the entire experiment.
The elevator may be moving at a constant velocity upward.
The elevator may be moving at a constant velocity downward.
The elevator must be accelerating.
Correct
Part C
You are conducting an experiment inside an elevator that can move in a vertical shaft. A load is hung vertically from
the ceiling on a string. The tension in the string is measured to be exactly equal to the force due to gravity on the load.
No other forces are acting on the load. Which of the following statements about the elevator are correct?
ANSWER:
The elevator is an inertial frame of reference.
The elevator is not an inertial frame of reference.
The elevator may be at rest.
The elevator may be moving at a constant velocity upward.
The elevator may be moving at a constant velocity downward.
The elevator may be accelerating.
The elevator must be accelerating.
Correct
Part D
You are conducting an experiment inside a train car that may move along level rail tracks. A load is hung from the
ceiling on a string. The load is not swinging, and the string is observed to make a constant angle of 45 ∘ with the
horizontal. No forces other than tension and gravity are acting on the load. Which of the following statements are
correct?
ANSWER:
The train is an inertial frame of reference.
The train is not an inertial frame of reference.
The train may be instantaneously at rest.
The train may be moving at a constant speed in a straight line.
The train may be moving at a constant speed in a circle.
The train must be speeding up.
The train must be slowing down.
The train must be accelerating.
Correct
Since the tension and the force due to gravity are not directed opposite to each other, the net force cannot
possibly be zeroand yet the load is at rest relative to the train car. Therefore, the car is not an inertial frame of
reference. It must be accelerating relative to the earth, although it is not clear exactly how.
Part E
Consider the train car described in the previous part. Another experiment is conducted in it: A net force of 20 N is
applied to an object of mass 5 kg. Can you determine the acceleration of the object with respect to the train, and, if so,
what is its value?
ANSWER:
Yes; 0.25 m/s
2
.
Yes; 4.0 m/s
2
.
Yes; 100 m/s
2
.
No; there is not enough information.
Correct
⃗
The train car is not an inertial frame of reference, so F net = ma⃗ would not work here.
Part F
A 1000kg car is moving along a straight road down a 30 ∘ slope at a constant speed of 20.0 m/s . What is the net
force acting on the car?
ANSWER:
0 N
10000 N
17320 N
20000 N
Correct
The car has zero acceleration; therefore, it experiences zero net force. According to Newton's 1st law, no net force
is required to maintain a constant velocity (in an inertial frame of reference, of course). The car has a constant
veclocity relative to the earth; therefore, the car is also an inertial frame of reference.
Part G
Consider two cars moving along the same straight road in opposite directions. Car A has a mass of 500 kg and has a
constant speed of 20 m/s; car B has a mass of 800 kg and a constant speed of 15 m/s. What can you say about
the net forces on the cars?
ANSWER:
Car A experiences greater net force than car B.
Car B experiences greater net force than car A.
Both cars experience equal net forces.
Correct
Each car has zero acceleration; therefore, the net force on each car, according to Newton's 1st law, is zero.
Part H
In an inertial frame of reference, a series of experiments is conducted. In each experiment, two or three forces are
applied to an object. The magnitudes of these forces are given. No other forces are acting on the object. In which
cases may the object possibly remain at rest?
The forces applied are as follows:
Hint 1. Using the net force
In an inertial frame of reference, the state of rest is only possible when the net force acting on the object is zero.
In which cases can the forces acting on the object possibly add up to zero? You may want to draw some
diagrams.
ANSWER:
2 N; 2 N
200 N; 200 N
200 N; 201 N
2 N; 2 N; 4 N
2 N; 2 N; 2 N
2 N; 2 N; 3 N
2 N; 2 N; 5 N
200 N; 200 N; 5 N
Correct
Part I
In an inertial frame of reference, a series of experiments is conducted. In each experiment, two or three forces are
applied to an object. The magnitudes of these forces are given. No other forces are acting on the object. In which
cases may the object possibly move at a constant velocity of 256 m/s?
The forces applied are as follows:
Hint 1. Using the net force
In an inertial frame of reference, moving at a constant velocity is only possible when the net force acting on the
object iz zero.
ANSWER:
2 N; 2 N
200 N; 200 N
200 N; 201 N
2 N; 2 N; 4 N
2 N; 2 N; 2 N
2 N; 2 N; 3 N
2 N; 2 N; 5 N
200 N; 200 N; 5 N
Correct
You should have noticed that the sets of forces applied to the object are the same as the ones in the prevous
question. Newton's 1st law (and the 2nd law, too) makes no distinction between the state of rest and the state of
moving at a constant velocity (even a high velocity). In both cases, the net force applied to the object must equal
zero.
Although some of the questions in this problem may have seemed tricky and unfair, the subtleties here are
important in improving conceptual understanding. That understanding, in turn, will enable you to correctly solve
complex computational problems using Newton's laws.
Newton's 3rd Law Discussed
Learning Goal:
To understand Newton's 3rd law, which states that a physical interaction always generates a pair of forces on the two
interacting bodies.
In Principia, Newton wrote:
To every action there is always opposed an equal reaction: or, the mutual actions of two bodies upon each other are always
equal, and directed to contrary parts.
(translation by Cajori)
The phrase after the colon (often omitted from textbooks) makes it clear that this is a statement about the nature of force.
The central idea is that physical interactions (e.g., due to gravity, bodies touching, or electric forces) cause forces to arise
between pairs of bodies. Each pairwise interaction produces a pair of opposite forces, one acting on each body. In
summary, each physical interaction between two bodies generates a pair of forces. Whatever the physical cause of the
interaction, the force on body A from body B is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force
on body B from body A.
Incidentally, Newton states that the word "action" denotes both (a) the force due to an interaction and (b) the changes in
momentum that it imparts to the two interacting bodies. If you haven't learned about momentum, don't worry; for now this is
just a statement about the origin of forces.
Mark each of the following statements as true or false. If a statement refers to "two bodies" interacting via some force, you
are not to assume that these two bodies have the same mass.
Part A
Every force has one and only one 3rd law pair force.
ANSWER:
true
false
Correct
Part B
The two forces in each pair act in opposite directions.
ANSWER:
true
false
Correct
Part C
The two forces in each pair can either both act on the same body or they can act on different bodies.
ANSWER:
true
false
Correct
Part D
The two forces in each pair may have different physical origins (for instance, one of the forces could be due to gravity,
and its pair force could be due to friction or electric charge).
ANSWER:
true
false
Correct
Part E
The two forces of a 3rd law pair always act on different bodies.
ANSWER:
true
false
Correct
Part F
Given that two bodies interact via some force, the accelerations of these two bodies have the same magnitude but
opposite directions. (Assume no other forces act on either body.)
Hint 1. F ⃗ = ma⃗
Remember F ⃗ = ma⃗ : If the forces are equal in magnitude, must the accelerations also be of equal magnitude?
ANSWER:
true
false
Correct
Newton's 3rd law can be summarixed as follows: A physical interaction (e.g., gravity) operates between two
interacting bodies and generates a pair of opposite forces, one on each body. It offers you a way to test for real
forces (i.e., those that belong on the force side of ΣF ⃗ = ma)there should be a 3rd law pair force operating on
⃗
some other body for each real force that acts on the body whose acceleration is under consideration.
Part G
According to Newton's 3rd law, the force on the (smaller) moon due to the (larger) earth is
ANSWER:
greater in magnitude and antiparallel to the force on the earth due to the moon.
greater in magnitude and parallel to the force on the earth due to the moon.
equal in magnitude but antiparallel to the force on the earth due to the moon.
equal in magnitude and parallel to the force on the earth due to the moon.
smaller in magnitude and antiparallel to the force on the earth due to the moon.
smaller in magnitude and parallel to the force on the earth due to the moon.
Correct
Problem 4.36
A train locomotive is pulling two cars of the same mass behind it.
Part A
Determine the ratio of the tension in the coupling (think of it as a cord) between the locomotive and the first car (
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?displayMode=studentView&assignmentID=4539600 ),
18/19
Determine the ratio of the tension in the coupling (think of it as a cord) between the locomotive and the first car (FT1 ),
to that between the first car and the second car (FT2 ), for any nonzero acceleration of the train.
ANSWER:
Tloc−T1
= 2
TT1−T2
Correct
Score Summary:
Your score on this assignment is 122%.
You received 102.1 out of a possible total of 100 points, plus 20.09 points of extra credit.

OA2 - 2-D Kinematics and Newton's Laws of Motion

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10/11/2016 OA2:

tg = 4.52 s

y(t g /2) = 75.0 m

v0 = 28.8 m/s

y D/2 = 75.0 m

Vector = ­ . Under what condition is 2 = 2 + 2 ?

Vectors and are in perpendicular directions.

Vectors and are in opposite directions.

A x = A cos θ and Ay = A sin θ,

v c/r = 0.397 m/s

A x = A cos θ and Ay = A sin θ,

v f inal = 37 m/s

θ = 77 ∘ below the horizontal

You may use either rev, rev/s, and rev/s2 as your units, or rad , rad/s , and rad/s2 .

v tan (t) = 0.984 m/s

acent = 2.55 m/s2

atan = 2.18 m/s2

a = 3.36 m/s2

Hint 1. F ⃗ = ma⃗

Remember F ⃗ = ma⃗ : If the forces are equal in magnitude, must the accelerations also be of equal magnitude?

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Vector = . Under what condition is 2 = 2 + 2 ?