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    Research 16

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    jacobsimon navarro
    Deep foundations transfer structural loads to deeper soils or bedrock through piles, caissons, cylinders, basements, or hollow box foundations. Examples of deep foundations include pile foundations like driven prefabricated piles or drilled concrete piles; caissons which are buried hollow structures; cylinders which are small single-cell caissons; and hollow box foundations which use buoyancy to reduce soil loading. End-bearing piles transmit loads directly to a dense soil or bedrock layer through their tips. Common materials for end-bearing piles include concrete, steel, timber, and plastic.

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    Research 16

    Uploaded by

    jacobsimon navarro
    27 views3 pages
    Deep foundations transfer structural loads to deeper soils or bedrock through piles, caissons, cylinders, basements, or hollow box foundations. Examples of deep foundations include pile foundations like driven prefabricated piles or drilled concrete piles; caissons which are buried hollow structures; cylinders which are small single-cell caissons; and hollow box foundations which use buoyancy to reduce soil loading. End-bearing piles transmit loads directly to a dense soil or bedrock layer through their tips. Common materials for end-bearing piles include concrete, steel, timber, and plastic.

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    Deep foundations transfer structural loads to deeper soils or bedrock through piles, caissons, cylinders, basements, or hollow box foundations. Examples of deep foundations include pile foundations like driven prefabricated piles or drilled concrete piles; caissons which are buried hollow structures; cylinders which are small single-cell caissons; and hollow box foundations which use buoyancy to reduce soil loading. End-bearing piles transmit loads directly to a dense soil or bedrock layer through their tips. Common materials for end-bearing piles include concrete, steel, timber, and plastic.

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    27 views3 pages

    Research 16

    Uploaded by

    jacobsimon navarro
    Deep foundations transfer structural loads to deeper soils or bedrock through piles, caissons, cylinders, basements, or hollow box foundations. Examples of deep foundations include pile foundations like driven prefabricated piles or drilled concrete piles; caissons which are buried hollow structures; cylinders which are small single-cell caissons; and hollow box foundations which use buoyancy to reduce soil loading. End-bearing piles transmit loads directly to a dense soil or bedrock layer through their tips. Common materials for end-bearing piles include concrete, steel, timber, and plastic.

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    of 3

    5. What is deep foundation? Give 5 examples.

    It is a type of foundation laid deeper under the surface and transfers structure loads to the earth at
    a greater depth. The depth-to-width ratio of such a foundation is generally more than 4 to 5.

    Deep foundation construction is more complex and expensive than deep foundation construction.
    However, a deep foundation is likely to be the best choice when dealing with poor soil
    conditions at shallow depths, substantial design loads, and site constraints.

    Here are some examples of deep foundations:

    Pile foundations
    Pile foundations can be built by driving prefabricated components into the needed foundation
    level or by drilling in driving tubes filled with concrete to the desired depth.

    Caissons
    These hollow substructures can be built at or on the ground surface and are buried to the desired
    depth as a single unit. They are widely utilized for bridges because of their massive carrying
    capacity.

    Cylinders
    These are small caissons with only a single cell.

    Basements
    These substructures are hollow and can be used for storage or workspace below the surface.
    They're built-in open spaces. The functional needs of the product determine the structural design.

    Hollow Box Foundations (Buoyancy Rafts)


    A semi-buoyant substructure is created by using buoyancy rafts, also known as hollow box
    foundations, which are meant to reduce the soil loading to the desired low intensity. They can be
    built in open excavations or sunk like caissons for a more secluded location.

    Shaft Foundations
    These foundations are constructed by drilling a cylindrical hole within a deep excavation and
    placing concrete or another prefabricated load-bearing unit.

    6. What is file foundation? Give 5 examples.


    A pile foundation is defined as a series of columns constructed or inserted into the ground to
    transmit loads to a lower subsoil level. A pile is a long cylinder made of solid material, such as
    concrete.

    Types of Pile Foundation


    Pile foundations can be classified based on function, materials, installation process, etc.
    Followings are the types of pile foundation used in construction:

    1. Based on Function or Use


    o Sheet Piles
    This type of pile is mostly used to provide lateral support. Usually, they resist lateral pressure
    from loose soil, the flow of water, etc. They are usually used for cofferdams, trench sheeting,
    shore protection, etc.
    o Load Bearing Piles
    This type of pile foundation is mainly used to transfer the vertical loads from the structure to the
    soil. 
    o End bearing Piles
    In this type of pile, the loads pass through the lower tip of the pile. The bottom end of the pile
    rests on a strong layer of soil or rock.
    o Friction Piles
    Friction pile transfers the load from the structure to the soil by the frictional force between the
    surface of the pile and the soil surrounding the pile, such as stiff clay, sandy soil, etc.
    o Soil Compactor Piles
    Sometimes piles are driven at placed closed intervals to increase soil bearing capacity by
    compacting.

    2. Based on Materials and Construction Method


    o Timber Piles
    Timber piles are placed under the water level. They last for approximately about 30 years. They
    can be rectangular or circular in shape. Their diameter or size can vary from 12 to 16 inches. The
    length of the pile is usually 20 times of the top width.
    o Concrete Piles
    Are made with reinforced cement concrete, a structural element of a deep foundation, and is
    vertically driven or drilled deep into the construction site.
    o Steel Piles
    Steel piles may be of I-section or hollow pipe. They are filled with concrete. The size may vary
    from 10 inches to 24 inches in diameter, and thickness is usually ¾ inches. Because of the small
    sectional area, the piles are easy to drive
    o Composite Piles
    Are those piles of two different materials are driven one over the other to enable them to act
    together to perform the function of a single pile.

    7. What is bearing foundation?


    The maximum load is given to a foundation before failure, or uncontrolled deformations occur is the
    bearing capacity. The total load given to a foundation before failure or wild deformations occur is the
    bearing capacity.
    8. What is end-bearing file? Give 5 examples.
    The maximum load is given to a foundation before failure, or uncontrolled deformations occur is
    the bearing capacity. The total load given to a foundation before failure or wild deformations
    occur is the bearing capacity.

    A highly dense layer of soil and gravel or a thick coating of hard rock rests on the toe of an end-
    bearing pile, giving it the majority of its load-bearing capability. Directly onto the solid ground is
    where the Pile transmits the load. As a result, it performs the same function as a column.

    Here are the Types of Materials Used in the end bearing pile:

    1. Concrete
    Concrete piles are further divided into precast and cast in place concrete piles,
     Precast Concrete
    Precast concrete piles are made of high-quality regulated concrete and strengthened.
     Cast-in-place Concrete
    Place the sandcastle Using concrete piles for foundations is the most frequent because of the
    wide range of options for pouring concrete and burying the Pile.

    2.Steel
    Steel piles are made of high-quality steel, and the section is in the form of H, X, or thick pipes.
    They are suitable for handling and driving in long lengths.

    3.Timber
    Timber is most suitable for long cohesion piling and piling beneath embankments. Timber piles
    were used in the old days. Nowadays, due to the scarcity of timber wood, this pile foundation is
    reduced drastically. 

    4. Plastic
    Plastic piles comprise various composite materials that include polymer composites, PVC, and
    recycled materials. These piles are used in special applications in marine environments and
    within soil zones exposed to seasonal changes.

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