GOOD DAY!

ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
 Prayer
Dear Lord, we thank You for the gift of life today.
You allow us to have another day to praise You and see
Your glory. Thank You for the love and protection
especially during this time of pandemic. Bless us, Father,
with Your wisdom as we begin our class. Help us to focus
our hearts and minds on what we are about to learn,
inspire us by Your Holy Spirit as we think and listen, guide
us by Your eternal light as we discover more about the
world around us. Lord, we thank You and let Your will be
done in our lives. We ask all this in the mighty name of
Jesus, Amen. 2
ATTENDANCE

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ONLINE CLASSROOM RULES

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 REVIEW
Nature and Process of Communication
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 Review

1. It is the key element in

communication that is being
transmitted.

Message
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 Review

2. It is also called situation, setting, or

environment where the
communication takes place.

Context
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 Review

3. It is the return process of

communication which completes the
loop of communication.

Feedback
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 Review

4. It is the pathway through which the

message travels.

Channel
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 Review

5. It is also known as the source,

speaker, or encoder.

Sender
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“When people talk, listen
completely. Most people
never listen”

-ERNEST HEMINGWAY
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 LESSON 2:

Communication
Models
 Learning Objectives
❑ Differentiate the various models of
communication;
❑ Explain the process of communication through
the elements involved; and
❑ Recognize the importance of the models in
understanding the communication process as
applied in everyday life. 13
 Why do I need to know
the different
Communication Models?

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 Help us
understand the
Show how
communication
information flows
process easily and
from one person to
logically.
another

To avoid
misunderstandings.

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 Know how
communication
really works
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 3 Categories of Models of
Communication
❑LINEAR ❑ INTERACTIVE ❑ TRANSACTIONAL
MODEL MODEL MODEL
Aristotle’s Schramm’s White’s
Model Model Model
Berlo’s Model Helical Model
Shannon-
Weaver’s
Model
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 Linear Model
It is one-way communication.
It focused on the transmission of message to a receiver who never
responds.
It has no feedback
Examples:
*The President giving his State of the Nation Address
*A student who tells a story in front of the class
*Sending an automated massage
*Reading a blog
*Public speaking/ Seminars
Shannon-Weaver Model of Communication 18
1 SHANNON-WEAVER
MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION

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 Shannon-Weaver Model

Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver introduced the

concept of noise. This model of communication is also known
as the Telephone Model for this is based on the experience of
using the telephone back in the 1940’s wherein the message
was hindered by noise. Therefore, the message received by the
listener was not necessarily the message sent by the sender.
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 Shannon-Weaver Model

Mother of all communication models

❑ Wide popularity
❑ Presence of all elements of communication process

Also known as Information Theory or the

Shannon Theory
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Communication
Elements in
Shannon-Weaver
Model
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 Elements in Shannon-Weaver
Model

Source Transmitter Channel

Receiver Destination 23
Shannon-Weaver Model

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Shannon-Weaver
Model

Has no
feedback

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2 ARISTOTLE’S
MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION

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 Aristotle Model

Aristotle (5 BCE), a teacher of Rhetoric and a founder of

an academy that produced good speakers, came up with the first
and earliest model of communication. This model is more
focused on public speaking than interpersonal communication.
Speaker plays a very important role in public speaking. To
influence or persuade his audience, he must first prepare his
speech and analyze the audience before he speaks to them. 27
Aristotle Model

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3 BERLO’S MODEL
OF
COMMUNICATION

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 Berlo Model

You have already learned that Aristotle’s model of

communication places the speaker in the central position and the one
who drives the entire communication process. The Berlo’s model of
communication takes into account the emotional aspect of the
message.
Berlo’s model follows the SMCR model. It is composed of several
factors under each element. 30
Berlo’s Model

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 Interactive Model of Communication

● In the move to a more dynamic view of communication, interactional

models follow two channels in which communication and feedback
flow between sender and receiver.
● Feedback is simply a response that a receiver gives to a sender.
Feedback can be verbal (i.e. “yes”) or nonverbal (i.e. a nod or smile).
● Most importantly, feedback indicates comprehension. It can help
senders know if their message was received and understood. By
focusing on flow and feedback, interactional models view
communication as an ongoing process.
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 Interactive Model of
Communication

● The final feature of this model is the field of experience. The field of
experience refers to how environment, experiences, culture, and even
heredity can influence how a sender constructs a message.
● Keep in mind that each person brings a unique field of experience to an
interaction. Likewise, each communication interaction is unique.
● While the interactional model is more dynamic than the linear model, it still
contains some limitations. For instance, this model implies that while
people can be both senders and receivers, they cannot do so
simultaneously. In lived communication, roles are not quite so clear-cut and
in fact are much more fluid.
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4 SCHRAMM
MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION

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 Schramm Model of Interactive Model
of Communication
Communication
Idea/ information
Idea/ information Encoding and
is translated into
is understood and
words and decoding plays a
interpreted by the
expressed to
others.
receiver. VITAL role

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 Schramm Model of
Communication

Wilbur Schramm is known as the Father of Mass Communication. He came up

with five models but in the Schramm Model of Communication he developed in
1955, communication breakdown is explained. He asserts that both the sender and
the receiver should have the same field of experience.
In this concept, field of experience refers to everything that makes an individual
unique – everything that he/she has ever learned, watched, seen, heard, read, and
studied. In this model, communication has six elements: Source, Encoder,
Message, Channel, Decoder, and Receiver.

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Schramm Model of
Communication

Messages require INTERPRETATION

Understood

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 Schramm Model of
Communication

Field of experience
- incorporates what is mutually understood
between the sender and the receiver.
This refers to the things that
influences the understanding
and interpretation of messages
like culture, social background,
beliefs, experiences, and values.
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Schramm Model of Circular
Communication
Communication
Ex. Class
recitation

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5 HELICAL MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION

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Helical Model of Communication

The Helical Model of communication was developed by Frank

Dance in 1967. He thought of communication similar to helix. Helix is
a smooth curve like a spring that goes upwards and downwards. This
model presents the concept of time where continuity of the
communication process is very important. In helical model,
communication is a dynamic process. Communication progresses as an
individual gets older and his experience and vocabulary increases.

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Helical Model of Communication

The Helical Model of communication was developed by Frank Dance

in 1967. He thought of communication similar to helix. Helix is a
smooth curve like a spring that goes upwards and downwards. This
model presents the concept of time where continuity of the
communication process is very important. In helical model,
communication is a dynamic process. Communication progresses as an
individual gets older and his experience and vocabulary increases.

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Interactive Model of
Communication

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Transactional Model of
Communication

Communication is dynamic. It has a complex

nature.
It shows a circular process of communication
between the person involved in the
communication.
Sender and receiver are both communicators.
Communication is simultaneous
Non-verbal gesture is part of feedback
Example:
*talking/ listening to friends 44
 Transactional Model of
Communication
One notable feature of this model is the move from referring to people as
senders and receivers to referring to people as communicators. This implies that
communication is achieved as people both send and receive messages.

Fundamentally, this model views communication as a transaction. In other

words, communication is a cooperative action in which communicators co-
create the process, outcome and effectiveness of the interaction.

Unlike the linear model in which meaning is sent from one person to another,
also unlike the interactional model in which understanding is achieved through
feedback, people create shared meaning in a more dynamic process in the
transactional model. 45
Transactional Model of
Communication

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6 EUGENE WHITE’S
MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION

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 White’s Model
● Eugene White’s Model of communication says that communication is
circular and continuous, without a beginning or end. His 1960 cyclical
model, the communication process is composed of eight stages-
thinking, symbolizing, expressing, transmitting, receiving, decoding,
feed-backing, monitoring, and thinking.
● He also points out that although one can assume that communication
begins with thinking, it can be observed from any point in the circle.
● White was also the one who introduced the concept of feedback which
is a process also known as to close the loop. 48
White’s Model

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KEY CONCEPTS

MODELS of COMMUNICATION

Shannon Weaver
Aristotle Schramm White
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Berlo Helical
 ACTIVITIES:

-Visit the GC and accomplish and submit the

required activities
-Be sure that you understand the lesson before
answering the activities

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