GRE AGRONOMY Helping Material

Subject Related MCQs

The plants growing out of their proper place
Relative plants
Weeds
Absolute weeds
Similar weeds

Some weeds actively eliminate competition by producing toxins that enter the soil and prevent the normal
growth of other plants this phenomenon known as
Pathology
Physiology
Allelopathy
Alopathy

Weeds cannot be controlled by applying fertilizer by

Side dressing
Broadcasting
Band placement
Both A and C

Method which completely removes weed plans is called

Preventative method
Chemical method
Eradication
Integrated method of weed control

Which method/approach is the best desirable for weed control

Preventative method
Chemical method
Eradication
Integrated method of weed control

Chemicals which are used to kill insects are called

Herbicides
Insecticides
Bactericides
None of the above

____________ herbicides can kill all kinds of weeds.

Selective
Non-selective
Random
Straight

Which of the following weed has close morphological resemblance with wheat
It sit
Bhakrha
Jangli palak
None of above

Which of the following is not a rabi weed

Dumbi sitti
Jangli jai
Lehli
Itsit

………have deep root system

Annual weeds
Biennial weeds
Perennial weeds
None of above

Morphological resemblance of weeds with crops is called…

Blunt
Agitation
Mimicry
None of above
Economical crop plants growing out of their proper place
Relative plants
Rouge
Absolute weeds
Similar weeds

Weeds can be controlled by applying fertilizer by

Side dressing
Broadcasting
Band placement
Both A and C

Method which avoid the emergence of weed plans is called

Preventative method
Chemical method
Eradication
Integrated method of weed control

Which method/approach is the best desirable for weed control

Preventative method
Chemical method
Eradication
Integrated method of weed control

Growing different crops each year to control weeds is called

Mono cropping
Crop rotation
Relay cropping
All of the above

Chemicals which are used to kill weeds are called

Herbicides
Insecticides
Bactericides
None of the above
ANSWER: A

____________ herbicides can kill all kinds of weeds.

Selective
Non-selective
Random
Straight

Which of the following weed has close morphological resemblance with wheat
It sit
Bhakrha
Dumbisitti
Jangli palak

Which of the following is not a rabi weed

Dumbi sitti
Jangli jai
Lehli
Itsit

………have deep root system

Annual weeds
Biennial weeds
Perennial weeds
None of above

All types of weeds can be used for making compost.

True
False
Conditional
None of above
Seeds cannot germinate even if immediate conditions are right. This form of dormancy delays
germination until season, or other macro-environmental issues are right for survival.
Primary dormancy
Secondary dormancy
Tertiary dormancy
None of above

Seeds cannot germinate due to limitation of any germination factor is called….

Primary dormancy
Secondary dormancy
Tertiary dormancy
None of above

Mature embryo is called……..

Seed
Fruit
Grain
None of above

Seed can be stored at moisture of……

3-8%
15-20%
30-35%
None of above

Seed dormancy supports…..

Seedling survival
Seed bank
Synchronizes germination with seasons
All of above

Seed dormancy can be broken by…..

Hot water treatment
Cold water treatment
Scratching the seed coat
All of above

Cover crops can reduce…

Soil fertility
Soil erosion
Soil microorganism
None of above

Crop crops should be…

Exhaustive crops
Nitrogen fixing crop
Short statured crop
None of above

Following crops are important for green manuring…

Wheat
Berseem clover
Sugarcane
All of above

A chemical without which plant cannot complete its specific function is called…
Nutrient
Essential nutrient
Non-essential nutrient
All of above

………………………….is a micronutrient
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Potassium
Zinc

……………is a mobile fertilizer.

Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Potassium
All of above

………………….is a compound fertilizer.

DAP
MAP
NP
All of above

Nutrient use efficiency can be enhanced by

Proper method of application
Mechanical method
Proper time of need
All of above

One bag of Ammonium sulphate contains……………nitrogen.

5.5 kg
10.5 kg
15.5 kg
All of above

Nitrogen can be applied in split in …

Long duration crops
Vegetables
Orchards
All of above

Crop………………….. is the water required by the plants for its survival, growth, development and to
produce economic parts
Water requirement
Delta of water
Duty of water
None of above

………………………..can affect the water requirement of crop

Root system
Leaf shape
Organic matter
All of above

……………………can affect the selection of irrigation method

Soil factor
Crop factor
Water supply
All of above

……………….can affect the water use efficiency.

Fertilizers
Land leveling
Crop type
All of above

Drip irrigation is more suitable for….

Unlevelled area
Desert area
Hilli area
All of above

The lowest water use efficiency is in

Flood irrigation
Drip irrigation
Sprinkler irrigation
All of above

In……………………………….crop is incorporated at immature stage in soil.

Green manuring
Brown manuring
Animal manuring
All of above

Efficiency of leguminous crops depends on--------

Type of crop species
Type of soil
Weather conditions
All above

The most frequently used vigor test for range of crops especially storability prediction:
Electrical conductivity test
TZ test
Accelerated aging test
Cold test

Two most important factors that affect seed quality are:

Oxygen & Light
CO2 & temperature
Temperature and RH
All

The most authenticated seed testing organization in the world is:

ISTA
AOSA
CASA
PSA

The ideal seed moisture contents (%) for safe storage of most seed species are:
18-45
45-60
10-13
0-4
Major form of carbohydrates in plant seeds are:
Pectin
Mucilage
Hemicellulose
Starch

Seed quality can be revived by:

Magnetic seed stimulation
Seed priming
Seed coating
All of these

The technology which improves plantability by shape of seed is not changed

Seed pelleting
Seed coating
Seed agglomeration
Both A & B

The ideal pH for growing media should be:

6-7.5
7.5-80
8-8.5
8.5-9

The most effective storage for germplasm conservation:

Cryogenic
Hermetic
Conditioned
Containerized

During hermetic storage:

O2 depleted
CO2 enriched
H2O depleted
Both a & b

The most applicable thumb rule for seed storage is:

Harington’s Rule
James ‘Rule
Bradford’s metronome rule
Ellis Rule

Epigeal stand establishment occurs in:

Wheat
Cotton
Rice
All of these

The key hormone responsible for reserve mobilization in seeds is:

ABA
GA
Cytokinin
Ethylene

The matric potential of dry seed is very low which is --------- MPa:
-1000
-100
-10
Zero

------------------- have little effect on imbibition:

Starches and sugars
Starches and lipids
Proteins and sugars
All of these

The duration of phase II (germination sensu stricto) is dependent on:

Temperature
Water potential
Oxygen
Both a & b

The enzyme which is already present in starchy endosperm and needs activation is:
β-Amylase
α –glucosidase
α –amylase
Protease

Food plant with similarly starchy seeds but which belongs to other plant family is:
Buckwheat
Quinoa
amaranth
All of these

Sunflower seed is called:

Achene
Caryopsis
Siliqua
Grain

The major storage proteins of monocots are:

Albumins
Globulins
Prolamins
Glutelins

Hypogeal stand establishment is the characteristic of:

Soybean
Cotton
Wheat
Pea
The ideal moisture for seed storage of cereal crops is:
10 %
12%
14%
18%

The initial uptake of water by a dry seed from the surrounding medium is called:
Imbibition
Germination
Emergence
Dormancy

The pressure exerted due to the presence of ionic and non-ionic solutes is called:
Osmotic potential
Pressure potential
Matric Potential
Water Potential

Hormone responsible for seed dormancy is:

GA3
ABA
Cytokinin
Both b & c

The components of seeds are:

Embryo
Food store
Seed coat
All of these

In cereals, starch is abundantly stored in:

Seed coat
Embryo
Endosperm
Aleurone layer

60-95% assimilates are:

Carbon
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
None of these

Those seeds cannot be stored for longer period of time by reducing moisture up to 5% are called as:
Recalcitrant
Orthodox
Intermediate
None of these

The example of C3 plants is:

Wheat
Cotton
Rice
All of these

Nutrient availability is generally favoured at pH range:

5.5-6.5
6.5-7.5
7.5-8.5
8.5-9.5

--------- is required as cofactor for more than 40 enzymes:

K
Ca
Zn
Mn

About 34% storage protein is present in:

Soybean
Groundnut
Chickpea
Pea

Maintain seeds at safe moisture levels in airtight containers is called:

Conditioned storage
Cryogenic storage
Hermetic storage
Containerized Storage

During grain filling period in wheat, ear and awns contribute upto:
5-10%
15-30%
90-100%
Negligible

Which of the followings contains the highest protein contents

Pigeon pea
Soybean
Green gram
Black gram

Inherent capacity of soil to supply nutrients in balanced form is called

Soil fertility
Soil productivity
Fertility Index
Productivity Index

Injury caused by relatively low temperature above the freezing points is

Freezing injury
Mechanical injury
Dehydration injury
Chilling injury
Iron deficiency usually occurs in soil in the pH range of
5.5 - 6.5
7.4 - 8.5
3.0 - 4.5
4.5 - 5.5

Late planting of autumn sugarcane reduces the germination due to

Short day
Frost
Low temperature
High humidity

Major source of water used by the plants is

Capillary water
Hygroscopic water
Gravitational water
Inter space water

Maximum amount of fertilizers is used in

Wheat
Paddy
Potato
Sugarcane

Mycorrhiza it a symbiotic association between

Bacteria and roots of higher plants
Algae and roots of higher plants
Fungi and roots of higher plants
Protozoa and roots of higher plant

Name a cereal with maximum protein content

Rice
Sorghum
Maize
Whole wheat

Name the kharif season fodder crop

Oats
Lucerne
Sorghum
Berseem

Nitrogen is taken by the plants in the form of

Chloride
Oxide
Nitrate
None of the above

One acre is equivalent to

0.603 ha
0.040 ha
0.404 ha
1.8 ha

Potato belongs to the family

Solanaceae
Compositeae
Poaceae
Euphorbiaceae

Safflower is a ________ season crop

Dry
Summer
Arid
Cool

Soybean is a
Short day plant
Long day plant
Day-neutral plant
All of the above

The best soil for potato cultivation is

Sandy loam
Loamy sand
Clay loam
Silky loam

Which disease occur most in groundnut

Blast
Tikka
Blight
Damping-off

Weed competition in rice is more in the

Transplanted crop
Direct seeded crop
Flooded crop
Crop sown in rows

Photorespiration is the characteristic of

C3 plants
C4 plants
CAM plants
None of the above

Marginal product is ratio of

Input-Output
Output-Input
Cost-Income
Price-Income
-------- is known as king of fodders
Alfalfa
Berseem
Jantar
Sorghum

Rouging is a removal of
Weeds
Off-type plants
Promising plants
healthy plants

Soils irrigated by tube well water only face the deficiency of--------
Phosphorus
Nitrogen
Potash
Sodium

Wheat is -------- in nature

Xerophytic
Hydrophytic
Mesophytic
None of the above

Radiation responsible for global warming is

Infrared
Ultraviolet
Gamma
None of these

Gossypium hirsutum is the botanical name of

Desi cotton
American cotton
Egyptian cotton
combed cotton

Conveyance losses account for _________ of water delivered into a canal

40-50%
20-25%
20-50%
15-40%

The full expansion of NADP is

Nicotinamide adenine diphosphate
Nicotinamide adenosine diphosphate
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate

The internal source of CO2 in C4 pathway is

Oxaloacetic acid
Mallic acid
RuBP
Phosphoenol pyruvic acid

The chemical substances like phenolics, caumarins, ferulic acid are:

Growth hormones
Growth metabolites
Germination inhibitors
Secondary metabolites

Softening or rupturing of hard seed coat for breaking dormancy is called

Certification
Vernalization
Stratification
Scarification

The part of root involved in water absorption is

Zone of cell division
Zone of root hairs
Zone of elongation
Zone of root cap

Murate of potash is
K2SO4
KCl
K2HPO4
KNO3

Azotobacter fixes atmospheric nitrogen in the soil by

Symbiotically
Non-symbiotically
Both (a) and (b)
None of these

Sorghum inflorescence is called as

Spike
Panicle
Spadix
Cymose

Soil structure can be improved with the addition of

Urea
Ammonium sulphate
Organic matter
None of these

Humidity is measured with the help of

Anemometer
Psychrometer
Thermometer
None of these
The practice of covering the soil with crop residue is called
Sheet erosion
Tillage
Mulching
None of these

The vector of cotton leaf curl virus in Pakistan is

Jassid
Aphid
White fly
None of these

Water use efficiency is

Yield/ET
Yield/EF
ET/Yield
None of the above

Hard seeds are those which have seed coat impervious to

Water
Water and oxygen
Oxygen
Light

Which of the following crop has hypogeal mode of germination.

Chickpea
Mungbean
Lentil
None of the above

Fertilizer pollution may be avoided by

Balanced application
Split application
Nitrification inhibitors
All of the above

Which of the following enzyme is not involved in the process of germination

β-Amylase
Lipase
α- Amylase
Catalase

BARI-2011 is a cultivar of
Lentil
Chickpea
Wheat
Peanut

A collective term for the leaves of a plant is called

Fodder
Forage
Foliage
leaflet

Form of water present in the soil which does not move with gravity
Gravitational water
Hygroscopic water
Capillary water
All of above

The reduced sample obtained from submitted sample is called

Gross sample
Working sample
Reduced sample
Test sample

Ability of weeds to withstand extremes conditions in nature and hence continue to associate with the field
crops is
Weed dormancy
Weed resistance
Weed persistence
Weed spectrum

Which is not a self-pollinated crop?

Brassica
Rice
Barley
Soybean

Agriculture is derived from two _____________ words.

English
Latin
Greek
French

__________ deals with growing of fruit plants.

Landscape horticulture
Pomology
Agronomy
Forestry

Total barani area in Pakistan is ____________________mha.

5
10
17
22

______________ is the problem of irrigated areas.

Soil erosion
Water logging
High soil fertility
All of the above
_____________ is the example of Zaid Rabi crop.
Tobacco
Toria
Lentil
Wheat

Zaid Kharif season starts from_____________.

April-May
October-November
August-September
January-February

Condition of atmosphere that changes time by time is called_______________.

Climate
Weather
Microclimate
Atmosphere

Fogy and snowy weather throughout the year is the characteristic of _____________.
Temperate climate
Polar climate
Tropical climate
Marine climate

The efficiency of ____________ rainfall is high for crop production.

Winter
Summer
Monsoon
None of these

Optimum temperature for cotton photosynthesis is ___________°C.

43
33
40
25

Desert vegetation derives its water requirements from _____________.

Underground water table
Hail and snow
Snow and frost
Fog and mist

Among precipitation sources, _____________ is the most important source of water.

Hailing
Snow fall
Dew
Rainfall

Agronomy is derived from two _____________ words.

English
Latin
Greek
French

__________ deals with growing of vegetables.

Olericulture
Pomology
Sericulture
Floriculture

Difference between potential and national average yield is called_________________.

Average yield
Breeding yield
Yield gap
All of these

Kharif season starts from_____________.

April-May
October-November.
August-September
January-February

Climate of field or small area is called_______________.

Climate
Weather
Microclimate
Atmosphere

High temperature along with high humidity is the characteristics of _____________.

Temperate climate
Tropical climate
Sub-tropical climate
Polar climate

Temperature ______________ when we move away from equator.

Increases
Decreases
Remains constant
None of these

________ damages the new growing tips and fodder crops.

Frost
Fog
Mist
Rainfall

Optimum temperature for wheat growth is ___________°C.

25
30
35
15
HNO3, which is brought to earth in rains, causes soil pH to ______________.
Decrease
Remain unchanged
Increase
None of these

______________ has role in chlorophyll synthesis, leaf expansion and in growth of plants.
Light
Temperature
Humidity
All of these

Dhaincha and Senji are the green manure crops of

Rabi season
Kharif season
Both Rabi and Kharif seasons
Zaid Rabi season

Application of fertilizer by broadcast method in standing/growing crop is called

Top dressing
Side dressing
Band placement
None of the above

One of the major problems which reduces crop yield in agriculture is

Insect and disease attack
Inadequate nutrient application
Inadequate plant population
Both a and b

Tillage operations that deal with seed bed preparation are called as
Secondary tillage
Primary tillage
Both A & B
Conservation tillage

The nutrient which is mostly influenced by adsorption is

Potassium
Phosphorous
Nitrogen
Both A & C

Which of the following crops require soil preparation up to greater depth?

Cotton
Sunflower
Sugarcane
Both A & C

Water conservation in water scarce areas can be improved through

Deep ploughing
Growing of drought tolerant crops
Proper use of fertilizers
Adequate seed rate

Leguminous crops require

More nitrogen
More phosphorous
Less nitrogen
Both B & C

In barani areas or where there is water shortage which form of nitrogen will give best results
Ammonium nitrate
Ammonium sulphate
Urea
All of a,b and c
Agronomic research is largely in the
Green house
Laboratory
Field
All of a,b and c

The application of various sciences i.e. botany, plant physiology, entomology, plant pathology,
biochemistry, genetics, ecology and soils constitute the field of
Fundamental sciences
Agronomy
Agriculture
All of a,b and c

Cereal seeds can be stored for a period of four years if seed moisture contents are reduced to
6 to 8%
8 to 10%
4 to 6%
12 to 14%

Fertilizer contributes to increase crop yield upto

30%
40%
50%
60%

An agronomist is engaged in ___________________________.

Theory of field crop production
Practice of field crop production
Soil management
All of above

Seed produced from breeder seed on large scale is called _________.

Pre-basic seed
Basic seed
Certified seed
Approved seed

In barani areas the sowing time mainly depends upon

Soil
Crop
Rainfall
All of a,b and c

The seed moisture contents at the time of storage should be

6%
10%
15%
20%

SSP is _____ fertilizer

Compound
Complex
Organic
Straight

Physical condition of soil in relation to plant growth is called

Tilth
Tillage
Ploughing
Harrowing

Seed is ripened _____________.

Ovule
Ovary
Plumule
Radicle
Fallow cultivation is also called---------.
Primary tillage
Secondary tillage
Zero tillage
Reduced tillage

The objective of tillage is to------------.

Breaking of hard pan
Controlling weeds
Separate diseased seeds
Both a & b

One tonne of fresh organic manure produce ------kg of organic matter

280 kg
227 kg
330 kg
445 kg

Organic matter in our soils is

>5%
<5%
>1%
<1%

The attack of sucking insects on cotton crop can be reduced if resistant varieties have __________ leaves.
Succulent leaves
Green leaves
Rough and hairy leaves
Lush green leaves

The growing of moth in cotton as inter/mix crop can reduce the ________ attack in cotton.
Stem canker
Charcoal rot
Root rot
None of the above

The insecticides which are absorbed through roots and are effective for the control of borers are
called__________.
Carbamate
Pyrethroid
Chlorinated hydrocarbons
Organophosphate

________ is the alternate host weed of pink bollworm in cotton.

Sonchal
Lehli
Karund
Dodhak

Dumbi sitti problem in wheat can be minimized by growing ____________ as an alternate crop.
Berseem
Gram
Lentil
Both berseem and gram

More than two-thirdof absorbed radiations by leaves only increase _______________ which ultimately
reduce the water use efficiency (WUE).
Transpiration rate
Photosynthetic rate
Evapotranspiration rate
None of the above

The ability of crop plants to close their stomata due to lower availability of water indicates that water use
efficiency (WUE) ___________ in those plants.
Increases
Decreases
Unchange
None of the above

In regions of high energy season (warm climate), the water use efficiency (WUE) can be increased by
growing_______.
C3 plants
CAM plants
C4 plants
Both C3 and C4 plants

In areas where there is water scarcity and salt problem, the most advanced method of irrigation
application is__________.
Drip irrigation
Sprinkler irrigation
Subsurface irrigation
Furrow irrigation

The scientific crop rotation should be_______________according to the economical conditions of the
area.
Flexible
Fixed
Narrow
None of the above

___________are the most important physical factors (storage room) which affect the storage or shelf life
of stored grains.
Both temperature and humidity
Rodents
Enzymes
Alone temperature

The most important factor/s which contribute/s to post harvest losses is/are______________.
Both improper harvesting and improper storage
Improper storage
Improper harvesting
None of the above

A proper plant to plant and row to row distance in cotton protects the crop from different pests, especially
the _____________.
Weeds
Nematodes
Sucking insects
Both nematodes and weeds

Early sowing of wheat crop increases the attack of fungal diseases, particularly the________disease.
Smut
Bent
Root rot
None of the above

The___________insecticides have systemic and non-systemic mode of action and are used against
sucking insects.
Carbamate
Pyrethroid
Chlorinated hydrocarbons
Organophosphate

Water use efficiency (WUE) can be increased through_________ tillage.

Mulch
Special
Reduced
None of the above

Water use efficiency (WUE) can be defined as_____________.

Y/ET
Y/E
ET/Y
E/Y

In good scientific crop rotation, the nutrition status of soil can be maintained by growing the crops having
___________root systems.
Both deep and shallow
Only deep
Only shallow
None of the above

The growing of crops on a piece of land in such a way that soil fertility is least disturbed and pest attack
can be minimized is called__________.
Crop rotation
Monoculture
Sequential cropping
None of the above

The crops that fix the atmospheric nitrogen should include in scientific crop rotation after
every_________years.
3-5
3-4
4-5
2-3

The storage life of seed is doubled for every ____________°C decrease in storage room temperature.
5
1
3
6

Water use efficiency (WUE) can be increased at ____________ soil fertility.

Low
High
Medium
Both low and medium
In hilly areas, the irrigation of undulating land and steep slopes is possible through_____________.
Contour border irrigation method
Border irrigation method
Basin irrigation method
Furrow irrigation method

The post harvest losses in durable commodities are reported to be__________%.

10
20
30
40

Use of biological, chemical and mechanical methods of pest control is collectively called as_________.
Integrated pest management
Organic pest management
Quarantine measures of pest management
None of the above

The growing of cotton after wheat (cotton-wheat) is the example of ________________rotation.

1 year
2 year
3 year
None of the above

Crop harvest management includes

Proper harvesting
Cleaning and drying
Storage
All of these

In areas where there is water scarcity and salt problem, the most advanced method of irrigation
application is__________.
Drip irrigation
Sprinkler irrigation
Subsurface irrigation
Furrow irrigation

Varietal purity percentage of the seed should be

100 %
90 %
80 %
70 %

The only difference between furrow irrigation and corrugation irrigation is

Furrows have smaller cross section than corrugation irrigation
Furrows have larger cross section than corrugation irrigation
Furrows have smaller length than corrugation irrigation
No difference

Little seed canary grass (Dumbi sitti) is mostly found in

Wheat crop
Rice crop
Cotton crop
Maize crop

__________ water is lost during field application

25 %
15 %
35 %
45 %

________ method of irrigation is used in rice field and in salt affected soils
Basin
Border
Furrow
All of above

Mould board plough is the ___________________ tillage implement.

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
None of others

Seed lot of large seeded crops should not exceed

10000 kg
20000 kg
30000 kg
40000 kg

The permissible limit of inert matter in rice seed is

1.5%
3%
4.5%
6%

Wet tillage is the example of

Special type of tillage
Primary tillage
Secondary tillage
Off season tillage

The application of irrigation with the help of a channel located at upper reach of field is called _________
irrigation.
Uncontrolled surface irrigation
Sub-surface irrigation
Drip irrigation
Surface irrigation
How many bags of Urea are required for an area of 12 kanals if the recommended dose of nitrogen is
150 kg per acre?
8 bags
10 bags
12 bags
14 bags

How many bags of SOP are required for an area of 1 acre if recommended dose of K is 123 kg per
acre?
4 bags
5 bags
6 bags
7 bags

Halophytes are plants that survive to reproduce in environments where the NaCl concentration is
150 mM
≥200 mM
50 mM
100 mM

Cheopodium quinoa belongs to which type of halophytes

Hydro-halophytes
Facultative
Obligate
Glycophytes

Membrane transport proteins for Na influx under salinity stress are

SOS1
AtHKT1
NSCC
Both AtHKT1 and NSCC
Most of the halopytes belong to
Poaceae
Aezoaceae
Cyperaceae
Chenopodiacae

Halophytes constitutes about world flora

4%
3%
2%
1%

Water and nutrient transport pathways across roots are

Apoplast
Symplast
Plasmodesmata
Apoplast and Symplast

Multicellular, more prominent in structure and sunken extending out of epidermis in leaf surface for
secretary cells are
Salt bladder
Salt glands
Trichomes
Appendages

Trees and shrubs inhabiting the coasts and rivers of tropical and sub-tropical areas forms
Mangroves
Salt marshes
Deserts
All

Any environmental factor which reduces plant growth and causes physiological changes
Stress
Strain
Injury
Tension

Plant may become adapted to environmental condition through

Evolution
Non-lethal exposure
Herited
All

The phenomenal changes which enable plant to survive and maintain limited growth in response to stress
is
Adaptation
Injury
Acclimation
Avoidance

First line of defense against drought is

Decreased leaf area
Deeper root extension
Stomatal closure
Superoxide dismutase (SOD)

Which one explain the drought escape mechanism

Early flowering
Stomatal control of transpiration
Leaf abscission
All

Which plant tissue comprises of 80-90% water

Herbaceous
Woody
Seed
All

Which one is stress hormone

ABA
Ethylene
Cytokinin
GA3

Formation of reactive oxygen species occurs

Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Lysisomes
All

A more convenient and universal method to measure ECe of deionized water to soil is a …………….
extract ratio.
1:10
1:5
1:2
1:3

Which one is inert, non-ionic and virtually impermeable molecules used to induce water stress.
GABA
Proline
Potassium
PEG

Major portion of salt affected soils in Pakistan

Saline
Sodic
Saline sodic
All
Mostly crop plants are screened for salinity tolerance using ionic ratio.
Na+/K+
Na+/Cl-
Na+/Ca2+
Ca2+/K+

10 mM NaCl is equal to ECe

1 dSm-1
2 dSm-1
5 dSm-1
10 dSm-1

The ECe at which growth starts to decline in response to increasing salinity

Lethal
Threshold
Critical
Limit

Screening large numbers of genotypes for salinity tolerance under field makes it difficult due to
Soil heterogeneity
Parent material
Erratic rainfall
Soil heterogeneity and erratic rainfall

Temporary rise in temperature usually 10-15°C above ambient is considered

Heat stress
Heat threshold
Heat waves
Heat shock

The characteristics of saline sodic saline are

ECe ≥4 dS m-1, soluble Na+, Cl- and exchangeable Na+
ECe ≥4 dS m-1 and high soluble Na+, Cl-
ECe <4 dS m-1 and exchangeable Na+
ECe ≥4 dS m-1, soluble Na+

The most convenient and appropriate method with control of nutrients supply for salinity experiments
Soil
Nutrient solution
Peat
Sand

Which analytical device is used to measure irrigation water salinity

pH-meter
Flame photometer
Electrical conductivity meter
Ion analyzer

ECe of saturated extract paste provides information about presence of

Total dissolved salts
Total insoluble salts
Exchangeable salts

The store house for toxic ions is

Cytosol
Endoplasmic reticulum
Vacuole
Golgi apparatus

The process which helps plants to maintain turgor, metabolic activities and protect protein structures
Ionic homeostasis
Osmotic adjustment
Antioxidation
Ionic compartmentation

Primary active transport of Na+, K+ and Cl- takes place through

Channels
Carriers
Pumps
Ionic compartmentation

Sea water contains more Na+ on molar basis than K+

10 times
20 times
30 times
50 times

During photoinhibition, light damages photosystem

PSI
PSII
Electron transport chain
ATP synthesis

Despite similar physicochemical properties, which one is accumulated in high concentration in halophytes
under salinity
K+
Na+
Ca2+
Cl-

Which one is glycophyte

Arabidopsis
Chenopdium quinoa
Ice plant
Phoenix spp

Phenomenon which changes the solute content and water potential of cells without decrease in turgor
Osmoregulation
Osmotic adjustment
Ionic compartmentalization
Ion balance
Herbaceous plants comprise water contents
5-11%
80-95%
50%

Which vitamin has whole sole physiological role to quench free radical reactions
Vit A
Vit B
Vit C
Vit E

Reactive oxygen species are more active due to

Double electron
Triplet electron
Singlet electron
All

Most of plants cavitate at water potential

1 to -2 MPa
0 to -1 MPa
>-2 MPa
All

Linoleic acid is a
Saturated fatty acid
Enzyme
unsaturated fatty acid
Mono-unsatured fatty acid

Quadratic equation involves following chemical composition in salinity formulation

NaCl, CaCl2, MgSO4, Na2SO4
Only NaCl
NaCl and MgSO4, CaCl2
CaCl2 and MgSO4
The redox cycling of ascorbate in the chloroplast is called
Halliwell-Asada pathway
The ascorbate– glutathione cycle
The glutathione peroxidase cycle
Water-water cycle

Which one act as primary line of defense against oxidative stress

APX
SOD
GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE
Catalase

Antioxidants neutralize free radicals by

Chain-breaking mechanism
Removal of ROS initiators
Scavenging mechanism
Chain-breaking mechanism and Removal of ROS initiators

During lipid peroxidation, a hydrogen atom is removed from one of the carbon atoms in the fatty acid chain
forming a water molecule and carbon atom with an unpaired electron
O2
H2O2
O2-
OH

Which model explains that indirect effect of osmotic stress of salinity are rapid and reduce shoot growth
Bi-phasic
Tester and Davenport
FORTMEIER and Schubert
None

The transporters involved in Na+ efflux and vacuolar compartmentation

SOS1
NHX1
Both SOS1 and NHX1
NSCC

In dry land farming rainfall (mm) is ______________

<800
>800
=800
>1000

In rainfed farming growing season is ____________ days

>200
<200
=200
>100

Common constraint in dry land and rain fed farming is---------

Wind and water erosion
Water erosion
Wind erosion
Land sliding

There are three types of Agriculture possible in dry land areas.

Crop production, Agro-forestry, sheep farming
Crop production, Silviculture, sheep farming
Crop production, sheep-goat farming, Agro-forestry
Crop production, Animal Husbandry with pasture management, Agro-forestry

Measures for counteracting aberrant weather are _________________

Thinning, urea spray, lifesaving irrigation
Fallow land, thinning, lifesaving irrigation
Thinning, inter tillage, urea spray
Inter tillage, plough up crop, earthing up

Which one is the feature of water shed management program.

Drought resistant crops
Drought tolerant crops
Forestry and development of pasture
Zig zag sowing

Stomata closing type anti Tran spirants is ______________

Kaolin
Phenyl mercuric acetate
Hexa decanol
Celite

Agronomic researches must be problem based for dry land agriculture, so the problem areas have been
divided into ___________________
Highly undulating lands
Highly undulating lands and Marginal lands
Highly undulating lands, Marginal lands and Diara land
Highly undulating lands, Marginal lands, Diara land and leveled lands

Agro-forestry is to be termed as an umbrella term which embraces the systems ______________

Agro-silviculture
Agro-silviculture, silvi-postoral
Agro silviculture, Silvi-postoral, Agro-silvi postoral and multipurpose forest
Agro silviculture, Silvi-postoral, Agro-silvi postoral and Grasses

Which one is not the aim of Agro-forestry system

Improving soil fertility
Providing protection to crops
Rehabilitating environment
Intercultural management system

Which one is not aberration in the rainfall ________________

Commencement of rains may be early or delayed
Prolonged dry spells during southwest monsoon
Rains may terminate earlier than normal or continue beyond normal
Run off of rain water

The adverse effect of moisture stress should be mitigated to avoid total crop failure by
Ratooning/thinning/mulching/weed control/water harvesting
Thinning/mulching/weed control
Thinning/mulching/ water harvesting
Ratooning/thinning

Food crops are grown in alleys formed by hedge rows of trees or shrubs in arable lands is known as
Hedge cropping
Hedge row intercropping
Strip cropping
Row cropping

The term ________ is applicable to all classes of land to generate assured income with minimum risk
through efficient use of available resources.
Alley cropping system
Capacity classes system
Alternate land use system
Adopting land system

Which are three types of alley systems

Forage-alley cropping, Forage cum trees, Forage-cum crops
Forage-alley cropping, Forage cum trees, Forage-cum mulch
Forage-alley cropping, Forage cum mulch, Forage cum pole
Forage-alley cropping, Forage cum mulch, Forage cum crops

A rotation system which includes pasture for grazing and conservation is called _______ farming.
Subsistence
Nomadic
Mixed
Sedentary

Agri-silivi-pasture consists of ______________________

Crops/trees/pasture/animals
Crops/trees
Crops/pasture/animals
Crops/animals/trees

_______________ type of water harvesting technique is practiced in light soils where annual rainfall is
less than 400 mm
Farm ponds
Inter plot
Micro plot
Inter row

Large area is planted with selected species of trees suitable for fuel, wood or industrial use is
called______________
Block culture
Border culture
Compact block culture
Blanded culture

A loose friable, airy, powdery and crumbly condition of soil with optimum moisture content for working
and seed germination is called___________________________.
Tillage
Tilth
Structure
Texture

The deepest operations performed during the period between two crops is____________.
Secondary Tillage
Tertiary Tillage
Primary Tillage
Intercultural Tillage
For reclamation of saline soils ground water should be maintained _____________below the soil surface.
2m
4m
< 2m
< 4m

On light sloppy soils, small depressions are formed over the surface of bare fields after a heavy shower of
rainfall is termed as_______________________.
Gully Erosion
Sheet Erosion
Steam Bank Erosion
Rill Erosion

In case of lined canals seepage losses varies from________________.

20-25%
30-35%
40-45%
5-15%

From watersheds of Pakistan ____________________thousand tons soils per square kilometer is eroded
annually.
2-4
1-2
4-5
3-5

The practice of growing different crops in the field in alternate double rows or triple rows is
called___________________________.
Contour Cropping
Strip Cropping
Terrace Farming
None of These
A deterioration of structure leading to more compact and sticky top soil results in soils with groundwater
depth is____________________.
60 cm
70 cm
< 60 cm
< 70 cm

Waterlogged soil, with approximately ____________% moisture requires about __________times more
heat to warm up than a dry soil.
40%, 2 times
50%, 2.5 times
60%, 1.5 times
45%, 2 times

A system that receives excess water directly from the farm or fields and conveys it to the main drainage
system is________________________.
Pipe Drainage
Vertical Drainage
Mole Drainage
Field Drainage

____________________ is the quickest method of removing the excess water from deeper depths of soil.
Vertical Drainage
Field Drainage
Mole Drainage
Surface Drainage

The latest system for controlling the high water table is__________________________.
Mole Drainage
Pipe Drainage
Open Ditch Drains
Vertical Drainage
It is also preferable not to construct contour bunds in shallow soils of ___________depth.
7.5 cm
8.5 cm
< 7.5 cm
< 8.5 cm

Small bunds constructed with a slope of__________________ in order to dispose the excess water through
the graded channels which leads to depressed area.
1.03 to 1.05%
0.5 to 1.0%
0.03 to 0.05 %
0.3 to 0.5%

In clay soils, for a four-hectare farm, the size of farm pound may be ______________ with a depth of
________________.
25 × 20 m and 3.5 m
20 × 20 m and 3.0 m
20 × 25 m and 2.5 m
25 × 25 m and 2.0 m

For in-situ moisture conservation, the practice of tie ridging can be done at definite interval minimum of
___________________ and they will act as a barrier.
3.0 m
2.5 m
2.75
2.25 m

In the low rainfall areas dominant rabi crop is________.

Wheat
Lentil
Gram
Millet
An ideal shelterbelt should have at least ___________________ percent wind permeability as to avoid the
turbulent wind on the other side.
30 to 40
40 to 45
50 to 70
40 to 60

Growing of crops in strips with the aim to control wind and water erosion is practiced on soils having slope
of ____________________%.
1 to 5%
4 to 7 %
7 to 12 %
12 to 15%

Cultivating crops in strips of uniform width across the general slope is called________.
Field Strip Cropping
Buffer Strip Cropping
Wind Strip Cropping
Contour Strip Cropping

Successive rotation of exhaustive crops requires___________________________.

Minimum Tillage
Zero Tillage
Extensive Tillage
Intensive Tillage

In light textured soils of arid and semi-arid lands ___________ and ____________ cause extensive damage
to emerging seedlings
White grubs and Termites
Termites and White Fly
White Fly and White grubs
Jassid and Tharips

For irrigated agriculture soil aggregates size_____________ are necessary.

< 5 mm
5 mm
< 3 mm
< 2 mm

Tillage operation in which soil is not inverted is_________________.

Clean Tillage
Ridge Tillage
Strip Tillage
Subsoil Tillage

All of these implements used for puddling except_________________.

Country Plough
Bose Plough
Turn Wrest Plough
Cage Wheel

6.In Punjab dry land farming is practiced in________.

Sargodha-Sahiwal
Attock- Chakwal
Layyah-Muzaffargarh
Multan-Lodhran

In dry land farming millets and sorghum may be followed by ______________.

Wheat
Barley
Maize
Chick pea

____________________ area of field is recommended for establishing terraces.

2/3rd
1/4th
1/3rd
1/5th
In soil moisture deficit conditions plants fertilized with ________________ increases the ability of water
uptake.
Nitrogen
Potassium
Phosphorus
Magnesium

The optimum moisture content for tillage is _______________.

60%
50%
70%
40%

Orchard bench terraces are basically narrow benches built on________________.

Medium Slope
Gentle Slope
low Slope
Very Steep Slope

The optimum slopes for bed and furrow system range from__________________.
0.3-0.8%
0.03-0.08%
0.5-0.9%
0.05-0.09%

Cropping pattern of Jowar-Oilseeds-Cotton-Wheat is followed in __________________.

Rawalpindi Zone
Thal Zone
Gujrat Zone
Multan Zone

In site main-water harvesting techniques are

Contour bonding, vegetative barriers, micro catchments
Contour bonding, vegetative barriers, Intercropping
Contour bonding, Relay cropping, Intercropping
Mixed cropping, Relay cropping, Intercropping

In wind erosion equation K and L stands for

Soil surface roughness and unprotected width of field
Soil surface roughness and protected width of field
Soil surface roughness and slop of field
Vegetative cover and unprotected width of field

Losing ____________ cm top soil can reduce wheat yield by ____________%

2.5 ----------- 5 to 10
3.5 ----------- 10 to 15
4.5 ----------- 15 to 20
5.5 ----------- 20 to 25

In rains drop erosion the soil particles can jump upto _________________
2.5 cm
2.5 ft
2.5 mm
2.5 m

In RUSLE to calculate soil loss by erosion R stands for __________

Erosion control practice
Erodibility of soil
Erosivity of rainfall
Resistance to erosion

Enhancement of per unit area production of crops is also called _____________ approach technique
Exhaustive
Progressive
Horizontal
Vertical
Generally FYM contains _________________ per tone
20 kg N + 10 kg P2O5 + 25 kg K2O
10 kg N + 16 kg P2O5 + 15 kg K2O
20 kg N + 16 kg P2O5 + 30 kg K2O
10 kg N + 16 kg P2O5 + 23 kg K2O

In band placement method of fertilizers, it can be placed in bands __________ cm to the side and
__________ cm below rows of seeds.
10 to 15 ________ 1 to 5
15 to 20 ________ 2 to 7
5 to 7 _______ 3 to 5
1 to 5 _______ 4 to 8

For long duration crops such as sugarcane Nitrogen is applied in ________ splits
2 ------- 3
4 ------- 5
6 ------- 7
8 ------- 9

In cereals, fertilizer use efficiency is measured by

Growth Rate
Relative Growth Rate
Productivity Index
Fresh Weight Index

________, ____________ and __________ are usually made available to plants via cation exchange
surfaces of organic material and clay soil surface particles
Ca, Mg, K
Cu, Fe, B
Mn, Zn, K
Mo, cl, Co

Contour binding is done to check

Rill erosion
Gully erosion
Ravine formation
Sheet erosion

When trees and shrubs are planted in long rows along streams, they are described as:
Wind breaks
Soil binders
Shelter belts
Basin blisters

Strip tillage is the example of

Special type of tillage
Primary tillage
Secondary tillage
Off season tillage

Bar harrow is the example of

Primary tillage implements
Secondary tillage implements
Tertiary tillage implements
Special type of tillage implements

Timely sowing of wheat after rice harvesting is possible through

Zero tillage
Conservation tillage
Strip tillage
Minimum tillage

The size of each small plot (Kiari) in basin irrigation system is

1 to 2 kanals
2 to 3 kanals
0.5 to 1 kanals
3 to 4 kanals

The water application in interconnected basins is called

Cascade method of irrigation
Direct method of irrigation
Corrugation irrigation
None of these

Reaper is used for

Crop harvesting
Weed removal
Seed bed preparation
All of above

Corrugation irrigation method is a type of

Basin irrigation
Direct irrigation
Furrow irrigation
Border irrigation

The seeds which are more than the half of its original size are called------
Pure seed
Inert matter
Other crop seed
None of the above

The permissible limit of other crop seed in wheat seed is

0.05%
0.1%
0.2%
0.3%

The water use efficiency (WUE) of _______________ irrigation system is maximum.

Uncontrolled surface irrigation
Sub-surface irrigation
Drip irrigation
Surface irrigation

____________ is used to break the hardpan and reduce the compaction of soil.
Chisel plough
Digger
Ridger
Leveller

How many bags of TSP are required for an area of 2 hectares if recommended dose of P is 137 kg per
hectare?
12 bags
13 bags
11 bags
14 bags

How many bags of MOP are required for an area of 2 acres if recommended dose of K is 75 kg per acre?
4 bags
5 bags
6 bags
7 bags

Unwanted plant which have some economic importance or desirable characteristics are called
Absolute weeds
Relative weeds
Rogue
None of them

Weeds like___________ in rice have tendency to cause lodging of crop

Jangli jai
Lehli
Didhan
All of these

Any plant or vegetation excluding fungi, interfering with the objectives or requirements of people is
called weed, defined by
WSS of America (1967)
WSS of America (1989)
EWRS (1986)
Meriam Webster (2003)

Example of relative weed is

Leh
Chatri dhodak
Jangli palak
Jangli jai

Following are the examples of absolute weeds except

Didhan
Parthenium
Sialkanta
Striga

Under favourable growth conditions Sorghum halepense accumulates

Hydrocyanic acid
Prussic acid
Nitrates
All of these

Sorghum halepense produce _______ as a result of drought

Hydrocyanic acid
Prussic acid
Nitrates
All of these

Aesthetic value of home lawn is reduced by

Didhan
Kasni
Poa grass
None of these

_______________ in sorghum cause unpleasant odour to flour

Striga
Orobanche
Krund
None of these

Some weeds also improve the soil fertility by _____________ weed is used
Fixing N
Adding organic matter
Adding nutrient
All of these

____________ is used in understanding the mechanism of inheritance

Kahi
Datura
Chlorella
None of these

Sorghum halepense at tillering stage is poisonous to animals because of _________

Hydrocyanic acid
Prussic acid
Nitrates
All of these

All of the weeds with limited life cycles depend on _________________ reproduction for their survival
Sexual
Asexual
Sexual and asexual
None of these

C3 weeds require ________ molecules of ATP to synthesize a molecule of glucose

30
24
18
None of these

________is helpful in reducing soil water erosion

Deela
Khabbal grass
Dumbi citti
All of these

Saccharum spontaneum (Kahi) help in reducing

Wind erosion
Water erosion
Wind and water erosion
None of these

Weeds with cylindrical, hollow stalks or stem like leaves arranged alternatively, cylindrical stems and
fibrous roots but some species have rhizomes are called
Narrow leaf weeds
Broad leaf weeds
Rushes
Sedges

Example of biennial weed is __________

Wild carrot
Kasni
Jangli Sarsoon
None of these

Weeds arbitrarily defined by law as more troublesome and difficult to control are________
Absolute weeds
Relative weeds
Objectionable weeds
Noxious weeds

Weeds like _______________ in wheat have tendency to cause lodging of crop

Jangli jai
Lehli
Dumbi citti
All of these

Sorghum halepense (Baru grass) cause objectionable odour to _________ flour

Wheat
Sorghum
Maize
Rice

For reclamation of industrial waste water containing heavy metals______is valuable

Chenopodium album
Water hyacinth
Hydrilla
Wild mustard

Morphological resemblance of weed with the crop is _____________

On-togeny
Mimicry
Association
None of these

Double pre sowing irrigation is applied to control weed before wheat sowing, this technique is
called___________
Dab method
False seed bed
Stale seed bed
All of these

In rice-wheat cropping system __________ is a major weed problem in wheat

Dumbi sitti
Jangli Jai
Didhan
None of these

Persistence of dumbi sitti in soil is _____________ years

20-25
20
4-5
None of these

Winter annual weeds germinate in

Winter
Summer
Fall
Spring

Summer annual weeds produce seeds in

Winter
Summer
Autumn
Spring

Weeds with thicker root systems, woody stems and underground stems and dormant buds are called
Biennial weeds
Perennial weeds
Annual weeds
Ephemerals
A free floating or anchored aquatic weed adapted to grow with most of its vegetative tissue at or above
water surface, Lowering or rising with the water level is called
Floating weeds
Emerged weeds
Submerged weeds
None of them

Striga lutea is_______ on Sorghum, millets, maize, sugarcane

Total root parasite
Partial root parasite
Total stem parasite
Partial stem parasite

Weeds foreign in origin, introduced by man from other countries are called
Anthrophytes
Exotic
Alien
All of these

Native or indigenous weeds found in wild and sometimes in cultivated area of a country are called
Anthrophytes
Apophytes
Facultative weeds
Apophytes and facultative

_______ require bright sunlight conditions for their growth and development
Sociophytes
Heliophytes
Basophiles
All of these
_______ weeds occur only in cultivated land, cannot compete with volunteer weeds in a closed
community
Obligate
Facultative
Absolute
None of these

Extent to which weed growth is desired to be limited is largely depends on ________

Cost of weed control
Benefits anticipated from the operation
Use of integrated weed management
All of these

Which process is the most advantageous in case of weed prevention on a farmer’s field?
Crop management practices
Use of weed free crop seed
Keeping vigilance
Seed certification and weed laws

The main objective of _________ is to leave minimum space for weeds

Increase in crop density
Increase seed rate
Inter cropping
All of these

Which of the following is not useful considerations regarding weed for successful biological weed
control?
Native home of weed must be known
Genetic Composition of Weed
Search for natural predators of weed
None of these

Results of _____________ are difficult to observe, measure and demonstrate.

Weed Eradication
Weed Prevention
Weed Control
Weed Management

Which is the best program for small populations of noxious and perennial weeds?
Weed Eradication
Weed Prevention
Weed Control
Weed Management

Hand pulling with the help of a fork, sharp blade or tip of a sickle is termed as _______
Hand Hoeing
Digging
Spudding
Sickling

Mechanical pulling of aquatic weeds with their shallow roots and rhizomes covered in Mud is called
________
Spudding
Chaining
Draining
None of these

Exploitation of escape mechanism to manage weeds is the principle of ________

Zero tillage
Selection of quick growing crop/varieties
Sowing date
All of these

Which is not the advantage of biological weed control method?

Self-continuation
Field specific control
No environmental or chemical pollution
Economically viable
A rubber pipe which carries spray solution to lance is called
Nozzle
Spray Lance
Spray Boom
Hose

Spray droplets become _______ as the spray pressure is decreased

Larger
Smaller
Required
None of these

Decreasing the spray pressure results in a ________ volume of carrier (Water) applied to an area
Reduced
Greater
Optimum
None of these

Proper sprayer calibration is essential to the application of the correct amount of ________ safely and
effectively
Water
Herbicide
Carrier
All of the these

Example of a rabbi season weed is

Kasni
Itsit
Didhan
Tandla

Example of a kharif season weed is

Jangli Jai
Bhakra
Jangli palak
Senji

Which type of nozzle is not appropriate for herbicide application

Tee-jet
Hollow-cone
Flood-jet
Flat-fan

For calibration of hand knapsack sprayer, marking off area in the field must be in
Square feet
Square meter
Square karam
Any of these

Formula for computation of water quantity required per hectare to spray herbicide is
Water required = area of acre/area sprayed × quantity of herbicide used on sprayed area
Water required = area of hectare/quantity of herbicide used × water used on sprayed area
Water required = area of acre/area sprayed × quantity of herbicide used on sprayed area
Water required = area of hectare/area sprayed × quantity of water used on sprayed area

Calculate the water required to spray an acre, when a hand knapsack sprayer runs over a distance of 200
feet and carries a spray swath of 7 feet and the water used to spray this area is 5 L.
14.46 L
155.57 L
5.142 L
0.161 L

During Sprayer calibration, if a man covers an area of 15 m × 8 m with 3 liters, how much water is
required to spray herbicide on one acre
0.025 L
101.2 L
100 L
40 L

Which of the following weeds has close morphological resemblance with wheat
Jangli Haloon
Jangli chulai
Jangli Jai
Jangli palak

During Sprayer calibration, if a man covers an area of 30 ft x 40 ft with 3.03 liters, how much water is
required to spray herbicide on one acre
10.22 L
3.636 L
109.9 L
105.8 L

For weed control in maize, how much Dual Gold 60 WP is required for an area of 3.5 acre, if
recommended dose of active ingredient (Atrazine) is 0.45 kg /ha.
0.303 g
0.750 kg
1.06 kg
109 g

Which of the following weeds has close morphological resemblance with wheat?
Itsit
Barley
Oat
Dumbi citti

How much Butachlor super (60% EC) is required for an area of 1 acre, if recommended dose of active
ingredient (Bromoxynil) is 0.45 kg /ha.
750 mL
250 mL
304 mL
350 mL

Which of the following is not a rabbi season weed?

Jangli Javi
Itsit
Dumbi citti
None of these

The suitable pressure for spraying herbicide is

20 PSI
10 PSI
40 PSI
50 PSI

The walking speed during herbicide spray must be between

2 to 5 Km/h
3.34 to 8.35 Km/h
3 to 4 Km/h
None of these

Principal elements of conservation agriculture are:

Minimum soil disturbance, permanent organic soil cover and diversified crop rotations
Water movement and gaseous exchange
Both of the given options
None of the given options

Water movement, gaseous exchange and minimum soil disturbance provides:

Something of weeds
Re-exposure of weeds
Maximum aeration
None of the given options is correct

On a waterlogged soil _________ fertilizer\s should be preferred.

Nitrate
Ammonical
Both nitrate and ammonical
Acid forming

While blending two fertilizers, granule size of a macronutrient supplying fertilizer should be _________
that of a micronutrient supplying fertilizer.
Equal to
Larger than
Smaller than
Larger or equal to

Under dry soil conditions, addition of nutrients will:

Increase wilting
Decrease wilting
Not effect plant turgor
Help plant to grow faster

Important component/s of soil quality include:

Texture
Structure
Organic matter fraction
All of the given options

Apparent recovery efficiency can be obtained by:

Multiplying utilization efficiency and physiological efficiency
Dividing utilization efficiency by physiological efficiency
Dividing physiological efficiency by utilization efficiency
None of the given options is correct

In alkaline soils _________ is\are the main problems for successful crop production.
Boron deficiency
Fe toxicity
Fe deficiency and boron toxicity
None of the given options is correct
Poor plant productivity on acid soils is due to:
Al toxicity
Mn toxicity
Excess of H ions
All of the given options

Chlorophyll absorbs light at:

0.67 micrometer
0.67 nanometer
0.656 and 0.774 nanometer
None of the given options is correct

Brady rhizobium is _________ in nature.

Symbiotic
Free living
Non symbiotic
Both symbiotic or free living

_________ bacteria are known to produce vitamin B.

Azospirillum
Azotobacter
Rhizobia
Both Azotobacter and Azospirillum

Trichoderma is a:
Root pathogen
Predator
Symbiotic bacterium
Free living bacterium

________ are responsible for converting fixed P into available P.

AMF
PGPR
AMF and PGPR
Frateuria aurantia

_________ reaction/s is/are responsible for developing brown color of residues.

Oxidation
Reduction
Oxidation and reduction
Oxidation and polymerization

Higher clay content will cause:

Lower aggregate stability
Lower mineralization
Higher rate of mineralization
None of the given options

Excess N will_________ the availability of P.

Increase
Decrease
Not affect
Sometimes increase and sometimes decrease

_________ uptake is less affected by competition between neighboring roots.

Phosphate
Ammonium
Potassium
Both ammonium and potassium

Concentration of micronutrients (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn) in soil solution depends upon:
Soil OM contents
Soil pH
Soil redox potential
All the three given options

Under submerged/flooded conditions, the whole system is

Oxidized
Reduced
Both oxidized and reduced
None of the given options is correct

Organic matter decomposition/mineralization decreases under flooded conditions upto:

Twenty percent
Thirty percent
Forty percent
Ten percent

Phosphorous availability ____________ under flooded conditions.

Increases
Decreases
Remains unchanged
Sometimes increases and sometimes decreases

The redox potential under extreme flooded conditions goes upto minus 300 mV due to the production of:
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen sulphide
Methane
None of the given options is correct

Under flooded conditions, the micronutrient that protects the system from going into extreme negative
state is:
Iron
Aluminium
Calcium
All of the given options

Mechanism by which nutrients are converted into cellular components is called:

Metabolism
Nutrition
Metabolism and Nutrition
None of the given options

Water erosion is also called_________

splash erosion
rill erosion
gully erosion
all options are correct

Maximum loss of nutrients occurs in ________

sheet erosion
gully erosion
wind erosion
all types of erosion

_________ is the most serious form of erosion

gully erosion
sheet erosion
rill erosion
wind erosion

If vertical slope increases by eight times, the K.E of run-off water will increase by________
eight times
sixteen times
thirty two times
sixty four times

Addition of silica_________
makes the soil loose
makes the soil compact
does not affect soil structure
none of the options is correct

Crop residues can absorb water ________ times more than their weight
none of the options is correct
twenty
ten
two

Waterlogging results in_________

disappearance of oxygen
disappearance of carbon dioxide
disappearance of methane
all given options are correct

Oxygen deficient soil layer in characterized by ________ colour

dark grey
brown
black
red

Presence of easily decomposable organic matter is an indication of_________

soil reduction
soil oxidation
positive redox potential
none of the options is true

If an Alkali soil gets waterlogged, its pH________

falls
rises
will not change
will become zero

In a waterlogged soil, the uptake of Zn is lowered due to_________

its antagonistic interaction with p
its reduction
its oxidation
chelation process
________ is/are not liming material/s
sulphur
basic slag
press mud
both sulphur and press mud

If quick results are required, is considered best liming material _________

slaked lime
limestone
dolomite
basic slag

Due to more ABA, stomata________

are closed
are opened
remain unaffected
none of the options is true

_________ is an organic N source

proline
ABA
both proline and ABA
none of the options is correct

Highest yielding species have________

rapid leaf area development and low rate of net photosynthesis
rapid leaf area development and high rate of net photosynthesis
low leaf area development and low rate of net photosynthesis
none of the options is correct

Under favourable soil moisture conditions, genotypes with _________ transpiration efficiency produce
more dry matter.
low
high
hundred percent
zero

________ helps in root proliferation.

P
N
K
NPK

Antitranspirants _________
reflect light and decrease canopy temperature
absorb light and decrease canopy temperature
reflect light only
do not affect canopy temperature

Soils having kaolinite clay show ________ pH than/to having montmorillonite.

higher
lower
almost equal
almost double

In acidic soils, manganese can occur_________

both in divalent or in soluble form
only in divalent form
only in soluble form
in tetravalent form

Deficiency of ________ is considered the real cause for poor plant growth in acidic soils.
P
Fe
Zn
P and Fe

In strongly acidic soil, the dominant form of microorganisms is _________

fungi
bacteria
algae
both algae and fungi

Rice is grouped as ________ responsive crop towards liming

low
high
medium
medium to high

Under normal conditions soils affect yield through ________ primary factors.
three
two
many
five

The option written in Bold is correct answer.

________ is a mutually beneficial relationship between plant roots and bacteria.

Mycorrhizae
Nitrogen fixation
Chemoautotrophy
Symbiosis

Which of the following processes requires anaerobic conditions?

Nitrogen fixation
Nitrification.
Denitrification
Nitrogen fixation and Denitrification

Assuming that all the nitrogen applied as fertilizer is used by the soybeans, then what is the source of
most of the remaining nitrogen needed by the plants growing in this field?
Wet deposition.
Biological nitrogen fixation.
The nitrogen released during the decomposition of dead organic matter.
Denitrification.
Microbial immobilization

Nitrogenase is destroyed by
Nitrogen
Nitrification.
Denitrification
Oxygen

Nodulated legumes fixing nitrogen, but then exposed to mineral nitrogen from the soil or fertilizer N will
continue biological nitrogen without taking up the available mineral N
continue biological nitrogen and also take up the available mineral N
reduce their biological nitrogen fixation activity in proportion to the ability of the mineral N to
meet the plant's N requirements
stop nitrogen fixation and rely completely on the mineral N for their requirements

The first detectable step in the interaction of legumes and soil rhizobium bacteria leading to the formation
of nodules on plant roots is
soil rhizobia secrete flavoniods that, when detected by the plant, activate plant nodulation (Nod) genes
legume roots secrete flavoniods that, when detected by rhizobia, cause activation of rhizobia Nod
genes
legume roots secrete flavoniods that, when detected by rhizobia, cause the rhizobia to produce "nod
factors" that signal the plant to activate Nod genes in the plant genome
soil rhizobia produce unknown chemical factors that induce root hair to curl around the microbe

The primary function of leghemoglobin in nodule cells containing biological nitrogen fixing bacteroids i
to carry oxygen from the cell plasma membrane to the bacteroid where the oxygen is used to support
respiration
to trap oxygen in the cell cytoplasm in order to protect the nitrogenase enzyme in the bacteroid
from toxic amounts of oxygen.
to carry reduced nitrogen containing amino acids from the "N fixing zone" of the nodule to the root
vascular system.
to carry N2 gas from the intercellular air spaces of the root to the N fixation site in the root nodule

Biological nitrogen fixation activity by nodulated legumes is

strongly inhibited by water, light, and heat stresses incurred by the associated plant
generally tolerant to water, light, and heat stresses incurred by the associated plant.
inhibited by water stress, but not by light stress caused by heavy shading.

A reasonable amount of nitrogen fixation (kg ha-1 or lbs acre-1) annually for a highly active legume
system is
3000
300
30
3

Root hairs originate from the root

epidermis.
pericycle.
Cortex
adventitious buds

The process of de-nitrification is

oxidation of ammonium to nitrate
conversion of nitrogen gas into a form usable by most plants
use of nitrate as an electron acceptor
conversion of nitrates to nitrogen gas

The process of nitrogen fixation is

oxidation of ammonium to nitrate
conversion of nitrogen gas into a form usable by most plants
use of nitrate as an electron acceptor
conversion of nitrosamines to nitrogen gas
Which of the following does not lead to increased fixed nitrogen?
Cultivation of legumes
The Haber process of making N fertilizer
Biomass burning
Removal of phosphate from detergents

Which of the following is wrong about ACID RAIN

It comes from fossil fuel combustion products
It is worse in the northeastern U.S. than in the west
It causes an increase in pH of lakes
It leads to the death of some aquatic organisms

Which of the following gases is least important in the problem of global warming?
carbon dioxide
nitrous oxide
hydrogen sulfide
methane

Which is NOT a way in which Nitrogen is lost from the ecosystem?

Conversion into gaseous forms
Erosion of soil
Weathering of parent material
Nitrogen dissolved in solution

Primary Producers are also known as ______.

Heterotrophs
Autotrophs
Phototrophs
Chemotrophs

Which of the following is NOT a process of internally cycled nitrogen:

Nitrogen mineralization
Nitrogen immobilization
Nitrogen demobilization
Nitrification
Ammonification

Nitrogenous compound more readily taken up by microbes is

NO3
NH4
NO2
N

The conversion from ammonium to nitrate is termed:

mineralization
nitrification
immobilization
ammonification
nitratification

Which of the following forms of N cannot be directly used by plants?

Serine
Lysine
Nitrate
Ammonium
Glycine
N2

What is an inhibitor on nitrogenase?

Available N in soil
Available P in soil
Available O2
Available CO2

The key enzyme in the process of BNF

RUBISCO
Rhizobium
Nitrogenase
Kinase

_______ are special soil bacteria those responsible for BNF with legumes.
Free living bacteria
Rhizobia
Nitrobactor
Blue green Algae

In the rhizobia-legume symbiosis, rhizobia provide the plant with

Carbohydrates
Fixed Nitrogen
Energy
Enzymes

______ strains of rhizobia should be selected for inoculants

Indiginous
Superior
Competitive
Inferior

The most important factor affecting amount of BNF is

Light
Water availability
Number of rhizobia in the soil
Availability of soil N

Amount of nitrogen left in the soil by legumes for subsequent crops depends on the
Legume species
Rhizobium species
Soil environment
Subsequent crop

Entry of the rhizobia to the root occurs by the formation of

Root hair
Infection thread
Nodule
Epidermis

The shape and location of Nodules are mostly determined by

Bacteria involved
Soil Environment
Host legume
Soil Nitrogen

BNF requires biological energy from

Fossil fuels
Soil Nitrogen
Host plant
Plant residues

Legume-rhizobia symbiosis require about kgs of carbohydrates /kg of N fixed.

10
20
30
40

Exchange of plant sugars for NH3 takes place in

Soil
Nodules
Bacteria
Infection thread

Young nodules that are effective are often __________ in colour

White
Black
Pink to red
Green
_________ form of bacteria is called bacteriod
Active
Non-motile
Dormant
Effective

If inoculant is not stored properly, the number of rhizobia in the inoculant will
Increase
Decline
Remain unaffected
None of the above

Liquid or solid substance containing living rhizobia is called

Inoculation
Inoculant
Inoculum
Agar

Rhizobia are soil bacteria that can infect ________ of legumes for N-fixation.
Stem
Leaf
Root
Shoot

Rhizobia require temperature for their growth in the range of ___________

15-20c
20-25c
25-30c
30-35c

_____________ is the most serious threat to good quality inoculants.

Refrigeration
Heating
Both A & B
None of the above

__________ is the poorest method of seed inoculation.

Slurry method
Dusting
Seed pelleting
None of the above

Lime pelleting can be beneficial when soils are highly_________

Basic
Acidic
Neutral
None of the above

Rhizobia in coated seeds die rapidly when the legume seeds are planted in__
Cool environment
Cool and moist soil
Hot and dry soil
None of the above

Grains of legumes are rich in_________________

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Starch

The nitrogen fixation ability of a nodule is referred to as__________

Ineffectiveness
Effectiveness
BNF
None

The quality of various inoculants can be tested by_________

Laboratory tests
Grow - out tests
Field tests
None

Urea Fertilizer contains ________ % nitrogen.

50
64
46
None

Chlorophyll occurs in _________ of the plant cell

Mitochondria
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
Chloroplast

__________ increases the amount of inoculant that will adhere to seed.

Chemical fertilizer
Sticker
Bio-fertilizer
None

__________ are major nitrogen fixing crops.

Cereals
Legumes
Fruit plants
Forests

________ is the ultimate source of water.

Snowfall
Sea water
Rainfall
Ground Water
Turgor is important because it gives ______________ to the cell
Energy
Shape
Plasticity
None

The upper limit of available water is ___________.

Permanent wilting point
Capillary water
Hygroscopic water
Field Capacity

The ability of water to enter into different reactions is called as ______

Water activity
Water relations
Water potential
Water loss

Developmental plasticity is a mechanism of ______________

Drought escape
Drought tolerance
Drought avoidance
Drought susceptibility

If stomata are closed the water use efficiency___________

Decreases
Increases
remain Constant
None of above

The energy available in a system to perform work is _________

Potential energy
Free energy
Kinetic energy
Net energy

In mature cells most of the water is present in__________

Cell wall
Cytoplasm
Vacuole
Cell membrane

The water potential of pure free water is _______________

Minimum
Maximum
Negative
None

The energy developed in a solution due to the presence of solutes is_______

Osmotic pressure
Osmotic potential
Water potential
Turgor pressure

------------is permanent climatic feature of a region.

Drought
Humidity
Radiation
Aridity

In Pakistan, more than ---------------- million hectares area is subjected to drought

2
3
4
5

The opening and closing of stomata is called as ______________

Circadian rhythms
Stomatal regulation
Stomatal inhibition
None

Hydrophytes have ____________root hair.

No
Abundant
Long
Short

PEG stands for____________

Polyethylene glycerol
Polyethylene glycol
Polyethylene glucose
Polyethylene glycogen

First line of defense against drought is______________

Reduced leaf area
Root extension
Stomatal closure
All of the above

The entry of water into the soil is called as __________

Leaching
Infiltration
Percolation
None

Small openings in the bark of woody plants for exchange of gas and water are called a ______________
Stomata
Hydathodes
Pores
Lenticels
In response to stress conditions the concentrations of ABA __________in the plants.
Increases
Decreases
Remain Constant
None of the above

Proline is an _____________
Amino acid
Imino acid
Protein
Enzyme

The movement of water in tracheids is __________ than the vessels.

Faster
Slower
Same
None of the above
The capacity of a liquid to neutralize the attraction between electrical charges is called as
_______________
Electro negativity
Electrical conductivity
Dielectric constant
pH

Pressure bomb is an instrument frequently used for measuring___________

Water potential
Turgor pressure
Osmotic potential
All of the above

________ type of farming is practiced in rain fed areas.

Diversified
Intensive
Extensive
Subsistence

Lands where the growing season is less than _____________ days are categorized as Dry lands
120
110
100
90

In __________ zone, the annual rainfall is less than 300 mm.

Arid
Semi-arid
Humid
Sub-humid

ICRISAT was established in __________

Pakistan
India
Syria
Philippines

_____________ type of farming is dependent on residual moisture of summer floods and rains.
Rainfed
Rod-kohi
Khushkaba
Sailaba

Water erosion is a major problem in ___________

Irrigated areas
Sandy areas
Hilly areas
None of the above

The major type of water available to plants is _____________

Gravitational water
Hygroscopic water
Capillary water
None of the above

Desertification is a process of land____________

Development
Degradation
Use
None of the above

Number of acres to be irrigated by the given amount of water within a given period of time is called as
___________ of water.
Delta
Duty
Consumptive Use
Beneficial

Part of the rainfall which is retained in the root zone and used by the plants is ____________________
Capillary water
Run-off Water
Water Harvesting
Effective rainfall

Yield of an individual genotype relative to the highest yielding genotype in the population is called a
_________
Superiority measure
Mean yield
Relative yield
Mean productivity

In CAM plants, there is _________ arrangement of CO2 fixation cycle.

Temporal
Spatial
Hierarchical
None of the above

WUE of rice is ___________ than wheat.

Less
More
Same
None of the above

Water always moves from high________ to low_________

Water potential
Turgor pressure
Osmotic pressure
None of the above

Tracheids are mostly found in ______

Thallophytes
Angiosperms
Gymnosperms
Bryophytes

Photoreespiration takes place in _____________

Chloroplast
Peroxisomes
Mitochondria
All of the above

The process of loss of water from living plants is called as ______

Evaporation
Guttation
Transpiraion
None of the above

Transpiraion ___________water deficit in the plants.

Creates
Ameliorates
Prevents
Reduces

Chloroplasts are _________ in the guard cells.

Absent
Present
Efficient
None of the above

Root hair are __________

Unicellular
Multicellular
Impermeable
Long living

WUE is maximum in _______plants.

C3
C4
CAM
C3-C4 Intermediates

ABA _______ the closure of stomata.

Stimulates
Inhibits
Regulates
None of the above

Early maturity is a mechanism of drought

Tolerance
Escape
Die-off
None of the above
Osmotically active charged solutes are called as __________
Osmoprotectants
Osmotica
Osmolytes
Electrolytes

Drought can last for ________ period of time.

Definite
Indefinite
Short
Long

___________ is the major limiting factor for plants in rain fed areas.
Water
Low rainfall
High temperature
Erosion
A stream of water is throwing its water into a reservoir whose volume is 328.82 ft 3 .The time to fill this
reservoir is 1.5 hours. Find the discharge in ft3/min .
3.65 ft3
3.65 ft3/min
3.65 ft2/min
All

Makran coastal basin covers an area of _____.

122,400 sq.km
120,100 sq.km
122,400 sq.m
122,300 sq.km

In USA area under irrigation increased from 14M acres in 1910 to_____ in 1960?
30.7M acres
39.5 M acres
29.4 M acres
31.7 M acres

In water balance equation, rainfall – river out flow is equal to________.

Evaporation
Transpiration
Evapotranspiration
None

PNWRS stands for _______.

Pakistan National Water Resource System
Pakistan National Water Resource Strategy
Pakistan Water Resource Strategy
Pakistan Water Resource system

In equation I-E+G-R=Wu/t, I represents the ____

Rate of infiltration into the unsaturated zone (mm/d)
Rate of infiltration into the saturated zone (mm/d)
Rate of percolation to the saturated zone (mm/d)
Rate of ET from unsaturated zone (mm/d)

Matured parts of plants like fresh harvested grains contained moisture______?

16-20
15–20%
15-25%
15-30%

Quantity of water used by plants (WP) for its metabolic activities estimated as______.
More than 1%
Less than 2%
Less than 1%
1%
The removal of excess surface or ground water from the root zone of a crop by meant of surface or sub
surface drains known as____.
Drainage
Transpiration ratio
Transpiration
Leaching

Eastern rivers contribute______maf of water.

9.47
8.47
8.57
>8.47

The total quantity of water used for irrigation is termed as_____.

Gross irrigation requirement
Net irrigation requirement
Irrigation frequency
None

_______is the ratio between the quantities of water from the source and that which reaches the irrigation
area.
Conveyance efficiency
Distribution efficiency
Farm efficiency
Water use efficiency

Ripening and enlargement comes under______phase.

Vegetative
Reproductive
Maturity
Harvesting

Flow domain consists of______

river catchments
ground water basin
Physical Entities
All of above

Equation “ Rainfall – river out flow =Evapotranspiration” represented the___.

Water Balance Equation
Flow domain equation
Transpiration ratio equation
None

The stage of elongation of internodes in relation to irrigation known as___.

Shooting
Stem elongation
Jointing
Booting

Rate of Leaf appearance and Leaf expansion decreased due to ______stress?

Heat
Drought
Nitrogen deficiency
Metal stress

In equation “ Ei=Wet/Wa * 100 “ Wa represented the

Volume of water applied to a given area
Average water applied to given area
Volume of water in a soil
Water in soil after evaporation
Water loss from given area

By efficient use of water in crop production we can save____water.

70%
25%
80%
30%
An agronomic/ physiological approach centered on yield related to water input (WUE) .
TDM/ sum of ET
Sum of ET/ TDM
Sum of ET
TDM/seed

The ratio of volume of irrigation water consumed by the crop of an irrigated area to the volume applied to
this area is known as.
Farm efficiency
Irrigation efficiency
Conveyance efficiency
Distribution efficiency

Water application efficiency on the farm depends on many factors like____.

Soil topography,
Texture
Structure and vegetative cover
All of these

The concept “Plants which have very low rates of transpiration also have very low rates of photosynthesis
and grow s lowly” given by_____.
Hyden,1953
Penman,1952
Lud1ow and Muchow,1990
None

Area for triangular section can be measured by A = ___.

Width*Height
Width*(Depth)2
Width*Height + Width*(Depth)2
None

The lower the R.H. is the greater will be the _____.

Evapotranspiration
Yield loss
Moisture loss
None

The Water use efficiency decreases with increasing___________ for cool climatic plants.
Relative humidity
Seed rate
Oxygen
Temperature

When Dm<DI then it means ____ of yield.

Does not decline
Reduced
No effect
None

Effective root depth for cereals is____-

0.45m
1m
0.5m
1.5m

Time and amount of irrigation water comes under_______.

Irrigation scheduling
Irrigation intensity
Cropping scheme
Irrigation planning

Irrigation scheduling is capable of saving of water used for irrigation

15-25%
15-30%
10-15%
10-20%
According to _____ 50% water depletion is necessary before irrigation application.
Dorrenbos and kassam
Richie
Pennman
Dorrenbos

The soil moisture content is determined by using one of the following_____.

Gravimetric method
Gypsum block method
Transio meter method
All of these

Crops with shallow root system have___________ Dl value than crop with deep root system
Low
High
Medium
Medium to high

Value of effective root depth for cereals is ____.

3.3 feet
3.9 feet
2.3 feet
3.7 feet

We have_______ major sources of water.

Three
Four
Two
Five

Critical soil moisture deficit depends on___.

Nature of crop
Seed rate
Fertilizer
Sowing date

Rainfall and snow is water source for_____.

Indus basin river
Closed basin kharan desert
Both of these
None

We are getting approximately ___ water from Closed basin Kharan desert
5.5 maf
4.3 maf
4.8 maf
4.5 maf

Makran coastal basin constitutes of streams of_____.

Malir
Hub
Porali
All of these

Ground water is also found in some barani lands at depths varying from_________.
100 to 200 feet
100 to 150 feet
100 to 300 feet
200 to 250 feet

Eastern rivers contribute ______of water.

8.50 maf
9.47 maf
8.01 maf
8.47 maf

Pakistan having____ reservoirs?

Three
Two
Five
Eight

Water released by the hydropower plants returns to ________.

Canal system
Field area
Oceans
River system

The gross irrigation requirement can be determined for a

Field
Farm
Outlet command area
All of these

Reproductive phase of plant includes____.

Flowering stage
Enlargement
Ripening
All of these

The stage when two nodes be seen i.e., beginning of shooting known as___.
Jointing
Stem establishment
Tillering
Booting

If the volume of one cubic foot of water is passing through in a given cross section in one second, the
discharge is said to be__.
Liters/sec
Cubic feet/sec
Cubic meter/sec
All of these

Ripe for harvesting called____stage

Dead ripe
Milking
Dough
Reproductive

Net consumption of water is normally about___ of the total water available.

3%
5%
30%
2%

_____ water is utilized in industry.

2%
1%
10%
20%

The sequence of growing crops by an individual farmer in a specific area is called as

Cropping scheme
Cropping pattern
Farmer’s pattern
Cropping intensity

In most of the dicot seeds, the mode of germination is

Hypogeal
Epigeal
Both hypogeal and epigeal
None of the above

Blind hoeing is normally carried out in

Maize
Wheat
Sugar-cane
Soybean

Plant population of a plot is calculated from

Length of the plot
Width of the plot
Area of the plot
None of the above

Ozone layer is present in

Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Exosphere
Thermosphere

Growing of only one crop on a piece of land year after year is called as
Intensive farming
Monoculture
Intercropping
Extensive farming

Leaf area index is always _______ to land area.

Equal
Inversely proportion
Directly proportion
None of the above

Solarimeter is used to measure the intensity of

Light
Temperature
Humidity
Pressure
In ammonium sulphate % of N is
18
19
20
21

NIAB is the abbreviation of

National institute of agriculture and biology
Nuclear institute of agriculture and biology
National institute of agriculture and bio-technology
Nuclear institute of agriculture and bio-technology

The natural death of leaves in which leaves die and do not detach by twigs/ petiole is called as
Senescence
Abscission
Above both
None of the above

The environment of the soil is called as

Lithosphere
Biosphere
Atmosphere
Hydrosphere

_________ generally promote elongation of roots

Auxins
Gibberellins
Cytokinins
Ethylene

Agro-meteorology is defined as the science of _____________

Atmosphere
Atmospheric physics
Crop-weather relations
Crop production in relation to weather

Solar radiation in the ________ wave band is useful for plant growth
Ultraviolet
Visible
Infrared
red

Temperature indicates _________

Heat energy
Intensity of heat energy
Heat units
Degree of coldness

Optimum temperature for crop growth in Pakistan is

15 – 20 ˚C
20 – 25 ˚C
25 – 30 ˚C
30 – 35 ˚C

Effective rainfall means ______________

Favorable for commencement of sowing operations
At least 25 mm of rain at a single occasion
At least 30 mm of rain at a single occasion
Half the value of potential evapotranspiration

Transpiration is loss of water from _______________ into atmosphere

Dead plant
Green plants
Animals
Lakes

Remote sensing is the technique of obtaining information from a distance using ____
Sensors
Glasses
Cameras
Chemical receptors

A model is a schematic representation of ___________

System
Real object
Real crop
Animal

Climate change refer to ________

Increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration
Increase in temperature
Deficiency in rainfall
Occurrence of floods

Moisture stress at __________ stage decreases maximum grain yield

Late tillering
Booting
Heading
Grain ripening

Excess water causes injury to plants due to ________.

Accumulation of salts
Low oxygen supply
Nitrogen deficiency
Reduction in permeability

Water requirement of a crop is dependent upon __________

Variety
Soil
Fertilizer
Climatic factors
Cool temperature during _________ are associated with large wheat yield.
Tillering
Stem elongation
Heading
Grain growth

Arid climate indicates __________ of rainfall.

Less than 50 mm
Less than 100 mm
Less than 200 mm
Less than 50 mm

Humid climate indicates _____________ of rainfall.

More than 1000 mm
More than 1200 mm
More than 1400 mm
More than 800 mm

After anthesis crop growth is least affected by:

High temperature
Drought
Low light
Photo period

Cotton plant belongs to:

CAM
C3 plants
C¬4
none of above

In cereals contribution of flag leaf is:

More than 20%
Less than 80%
More than 60%
None of them
At early stages of cereal growth LAI depends upon:
High light intensities
Low light intensities
High temperature
Both photoperiod and temperature

Economical yield is the product of:

H.I.
TDM
H.I and TDM
TDM and grain yield

Size of seed directly related to:

More temperature
Source-sink relationship
More photosynthetic activity
Photoperiod

First stable compound in C4 plant is:

Phosphoglycericacid
PEP carboxylase
Oxalic acid
None of above

Photorespiration is high in:

CAM plants
C4 plants
C3 plants
All of above

Light saturation is not a problem in:

Cactus
Desert
Field
Legumes

Carotene found in forages is a rich source of

Vitamin A
Vitamin B
Vitamin E
None of the above

Seed rate for berseem crop is

6-8 kg acra-1
6-8 kg ha-1
1-2 kg acra-1
None of the above

The word written in parentheses after the botanical name indicates

Family name
Species name
Scientist name
None of them

Which one is not the branch of Animal Husbandry

Stock rearing
Sericulture
Dairy Farming
Poultry farming

Science which deals with the heredity and its varieties is

Ecology
Genetics
Geology
None of these

Science of atmosphere is called

Geology
Ecology
Meteorology
None of these

Cultivated or cropped area of Pakistan is about

12 Million hectares
22 Million hectares
32 Million hectares
42 Million hectares

Which is essential for chlorophyll formation

Light
Humidity
Rain fall
None of them

Seed which is produces under the direct supervision of plant breeders is called
Pre basic seed
Basic seed
Certified seed
Approved seed

Ripened ovule is called as

Seed
Fruit
embryo
None of them

In Barani areas all the nitrogen should be applied at the time of

Sowing
1st irrigation
2nd irrigation
At flowering
In Pakistan fodder crops are grown on an area of
10 m. ha
14 m. ha
2 m. ha
5 m. ha

Removal of off type plants from the crop is called

Thinning
Rouging
Topping
Suckering

_________ is helping to speed up fodder harvesting and preservations

Farm Mechanization
Seed priming
Ratooning
None of them

The example of winter annual legume forage crop is

Egyptian clover
Oat
Barley
All of them

Seed rate of forage maize is

100 kg ha-1
30 kg ha-1
100 kg acre-1
50 kg ha-1

(Pennisetum americanum L) is the botanical name of

Pearl millet
Sorghum
Guara
Cowpea

Mechanical manipulation of soil to provide soil condition for crop growth

Tilth
Tillage
Mulching
None of them

The major type of water available to plants is _____________

Gravitational water
Hygroscopic water
Capillary water
Capillary rise

WUE is maximum in _______plants.

C3
C4
CAM
C3-C4 Intermediates

Osmotically active charged solutes are called as __________

Osmoprotectants
Osmotica
Osmolytes
Electrolytes

Most of the halopytes belong to

Poaceae
Aezoaceae
Cyperaceae
Chenopodiacae

Plant development that gives rise to new organs and basic plant form are:
Vascular cambium
Secondary growth.
Primary growth
Tertiary growth.

For water at 25oC, the heat of vaporization is

41 KJ mol-1
41 KJ mol-1
43 KJ mol-1
44 KJ mol-1

The amount of micronutrients in higher plants on plant dry weight is always

 1000 μg g-1
 1000 μg g-1
100 μg g-1
100 μg g-1

Glycolysis takes place in

Cytoplasm
Chloroplast
Mitochondira
All

For wet soils water potentional is

Close to zero
far from zero
>1
<1

The water content of soil is measured in several ways. The reference and classical method is____.
Thermometer method
Gravimetric
Electrical conductivity
Neutron Probe
Drying is done at ______ to constant weight.
100-104 ˚C
105-110 ˚C
111-115 ˚C
116-120˚C

If two-third of the required water available one could obtain_________% of the maximum yield.
50 – 60 %
70 – 80 %
90 – 95 %
85 – 90 %

At present approximately ______% of all the available water supply is used for agriculture and food
production.
60 %
70 %
80 %
90 %

About ________% of irrigation water is lost before it reaches farmer’s field.

39 %
49 %
59 %
69 %

Water use efficiency = ___________.

WUE=yield/EF
WUE=yield/ET
WUE=ET/yield
None of them

Present system efficiency of irrigation water use is

25 %
35 %
45 %
55 %

Exchangeable sodium percentage for saline soils is _____________.

equal to 15
less than 15
less than 18
more than 15

Saline sodic/sodic soils can be reclaimed by using.

MgSO4.2H2O
CaSO4.2H2O
BaSO4.2H2O
K2SO4.2H2O

Which one is not the cause of water logging.

rainfall
flooding by rivers
defecting system of canals
sowing time

Cereals grown on saline cultures show _________ colour in the leaves when plant. approach maturity.
blacking
yellowish
reddish
greenish

One cusec is equal to _______ gallons.

12.24
6.24
10.24
8.24
The strips laid along the contour at right angles to the natural direction of the slope is called ________.
wind strip cropping
buffer strip cropping
field strip cropping
contour strip cropping

The soils having organic matter more than 50% are called _____.
muck soils
peat soil
colluvial soils
glacial soils

The process of removing excess soluble salts or excess exchangeable sodium from soils is called ______.
fertilization
scarification
reclaimation
starification

_______is considered to be most important of the soil organisms bringing about the conversion of NH4+
to NO2-
Nitrosomonas
Nitrobacter
Azotobacter
Azospirillum

________ generally augments the utilization of phosphorus which is water soluble:

Broadcast
Broadcast and incorporation
Band placement
None of these

Stress can be induced by various factors including diseases, cold or pesticides and
Rain
Wind
Drought
None of above

The MIRS technique is currently used for identifying ideal combination of natural products to combat
disease and
Pest
Stress
Drought
None of above

Zero tillage increased production ______ by reducing the cost of fuel and labour.
10-15%
4-10%
15-20%
None of above

Remote sensing is simply obtaining information about an object touching the object as
Without
With
Both a & b
None of above

The crop yield models may be (1) Climatological model (2) Water stress model (3) __________
Environmental model
Soil model
Crop growth model
None of above

Rice plant respires via __________

Parenchyma cell
Aerenchyma cell
Chlorenchyma cell
None of above
An economical alternative of rice transplanting to a traditional practices is
Parachute rice transplanting
Direct seeding
Transplanting
None of above

Weeds are mostly _____________

C3 plants
C4 plants
CAM
None of the above

The certified seed of wheat must have purity_______.

80 %
85 %
90 %
98 %

The moisture percentage for safe storage of cereal seeds is

0-5 %
10-12 %
6-9 %
13-15 %

The tests performed for judging the quality of seed are

Purity and germination
Seed length and weed seeds
Moisture contents
a+b+c

Seed is stored in dry conditions primarily to check the growth of _________.

Insects
Rodents
Moulds
None of the above

How much quantity of seed should be taken from each container during sampling _________.
Equal
Less than ½ of previous
1/3 than the previous
1/4 than the previous

Bold or large seeds in cob are present in the _________.

Top portion
Middle portion
Bottom portion
Top and middle portions

The universal requirement for germination are ________ .

Water
Oxygen
Temperature
a+b+c

Hard seeds are those which have seed coat impervious to ________.
Water
Oxygen
Water and oxygen
Light

The cause of the greenhouse effect is

Excess of nitrogen in the atmosphere
Excess of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
Heat from cooking fires of ever-increasing population
None of the above

Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?

Methane
Nitrous oxide
Argon
Ozone

On an average, what percentage of the Earth's atmosphere by volume consists of carbon dioxide?
About 4 percent
About 0.4 percent
About 0.04 percent
About 0.004 percent

In 2008, what country was found to have overtaken the United States to become the top global emitter of
carbon dioxide?
India
Japan
China
Russia

How many pounds of carbon dioxide is released by burning one gallon of gasoline?
About 1 lb.
About 5 lbs.
About 10 lbs.
About 20 lbs.

What energy source is the single largest contributor of human-made carbon dioxide in our atmosphere?
Natural gas (methane)
Coal
Petroleum
Nuclear power

In 2015, France will be hosting and presiding the 21st Session of the Conference of the Parties to the
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP21/CMP11), otherwise known as “Paris
2015”
30th October 2015
10th November 2015
30th November 2015
30th December 2015

Temperature are the highest at the _________ and the lowest at the poles.
Equator
Longitude
Altitude
Latitude

Wavelength below 400nm is referred to as:

Infared
Ultra-Voilet (UV)
PAR
Cosmic rays

The ratio of reflected short wave radiation to the incident shortwave radiation on a surface and expressed
in percentage is:
Albedo
Energy Balance
Radiation Balance
Net Radiation

Radiation Instruments measures the global solar radiation reaching the earth’s surface is:
Pyradiometer
Albedometer
Pyrheliometer
Pyranometer

The Instrument which measures bright sunshine hour and cloudiness is:
Net Radiation
Sunshine Recorder
Shading ring Pyranometer
Pyranometer
The science of measuring and recording the direction and speed of wind is called:
Anemometery
Anemometer
Wind vanes
None of Above

The atmospheric disturbance in which the air pressure decreases at a particular location and there is a
wind movement towards the center is known as:
Cyclones
Anticyclones
Windward Direction
Leeward Direction

The form of precipitation in which drops are of diameter 0.5µ m and more are:
Rain
Snow
Drizzle
Hail

The Term monsoon appears to have originated from the_________word which means season.
Latin
Greek
Arabic
Persian

One Standard atmosphere is equal to:

101,325 hPa
10,132.5 hPa
1013.25 hPa
101.325 hPa

Crop models are tools

Mechanical
IT
Climate
Physiological

Crop models are

Philosophical representation of a system
Agronomical representation of a system
Physiological representation of a system
Schematic representation of a system

Output data of crop models are affected by changing

Weather, Phenology and Soil
Soil, Weather, Genotype and crop management
Soil, crop management and Yield Components
Soil, crop management, Yield Components and Genotype

The most used model globally

EPIC
APSIM
AQUACROP
DSSAT

APSIM: A crop model build in

USA
KOREA
Australia
China

Minimum input data set require to run crop models are

Soil, management, Weather
Soil, Weather, Phenology, management
Soil, climate data, irrigation, Temperature
Soil, weather, crop biomass, phenology
Crop models are not good in simulation of
Yield and yield related traits
Diseases and insects impacts
Water and rainfall impacts
Time course crop biomass and leaf area

GCMs stands for

General Circulation Models
Global Climate Models
Growing Cereal Models
Green Crop Models

Impacts of climate change on crops are simulated by

Crop Models
Climate Models
Weather Models
None of these

To provide comparable conditions, all plots in the experiment must be treated alike as much as possible,
except for the __________ under study:
Factor/s
Level/s
Replication
Error

A valid estimate of an experimental error can only be achieved if the allotment of treatments to the plots
is done by ________________ procedure:
Replication
Randomization
Local control
Design

Large plot sizes are normally used for _________ crop:

Leguminous crops
Forages
Wheat
Cotton

Variability in plants is more ranked in crops belonging to the crop:

Self pollinated
Hybrids
Both a & b
Cross pollinated

------------------- refers to the effect of one plot upon the adjacent one (Border or Alley effects):
Inter-plot competition
Intra plot competition
Both a & b
None of above

The difference among experimental plots treated alike is called:

Experimental error
Coefficient of variation
Systematic error
None of above

In many studies the adjacent plot yields show more -------------------- than any other two plots:
Correlation
Regression
No relation
All of above

The experiment intended to the detection of faulty technique and inadequate methods in subsequent
experiments is categorized as:
Simple experiment
Factorial experiment
Preliminary tests
None of above
Valid estimation of an experimental error can be achieved by:
Replication
Factorial arrangement
Randomization
All of above

Border effect is more prominent along:

Water channel, path and one space
Water channel, path and inter-row spacing
Water channel, inter-plant spacing and open space
All of above

The experimental plot size is not influenced by:

Climatic factors
Nature of crops
No. of treatment
Methods of operation

Fallacious reasoning from adequate data is the type of:

Failure to control the personal equation
Faulty experimental design
Inferior technique
Improper interpretation of results

A good experiment incorporates all possible means of minimizing the ____________________:

Experimental error
Coefficient of variation
None of above

Farmer should start the land preparation for __________ as soon as possible after harvest of Rice:
Cotton
Sugarcane
Wheat
Mungbean

Proper drainage of field is required in __________ areas:

Saline
Rainfed
Water logged
Fertile

Most of field crops, except __________ cannot stand water logging:

Rice
Wheat
Maize
Cotton

Adequate ______ should be used to obtain proper plant population in the field:
Seed rate
Irrigation
Fertilizer
Tillage

Soil should be in proper __________ conditions at time of sowing:

Wattar
Sattar
Ojla
Sukroo

According to Food and Agriculture Organization, one unit of fertilizer could generate about _________
units in crop production:
10
5
15
20

Phosphorous is usually needed in less quantity than ______:

Potassium
Boron
Nitrogen
Calcium

---------- does not move readily in the soil and largely remains at point of application:
Phosphorus
Nitrogen
Potassium
Magnesium

Which nutrient is generally applied in split form

Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Potassium
Zinc

___________ is applied at the sowing. However, in sandy soils, if deficient, split application is desired to
minimize leaching losses.
Potassium
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Calcium

________ of the nitrogenous fertilizer is applied at sowing for most of the crops
One third
Full
Double
One and half

_______ is of great importance with respect to climate, this affects amount of nutrients need, leaching losses
and availability of nutrients
Rainfall
Temperature
Humidity
Sunshine

_________ losses of Urea in the form of NH3 will be more if there is shortage of water
Volatilization
Leaching
Nitrification
Ammonification

Most of our soils are alkaline, where use of ________ fertilizer give the right results
Acidic
Nitrogenous
Basic
Phosphatic

After maize, in light soil, keep nitrogen in ______ range of the recommendations
Higher
Lower
Medium
Zero

If well rotted, farmyard manure has been applied, reduce N dose by _____________ kg ha-1
20
40
10
50

If the Rabi crop has been fully fertilized, the dose of __________ to a following Cotton crop may be reduced
Phosphorus
Ammonium
Nitrate
Nitrogen

Crops on saline soils respond well to _________ fertilizer

Phosphorus
Nitrogen
Potassium
Boron

If harvesting in __________ delayed, with rain, the grains start germination.

Maize
Rice
Wheat
Cotton

____________ is produced and distributed by various seed agencies

Approved
Certified
Foundation
Basic

Germination %age of good quality seed should be around ________%

90
70
50
100

Mixing of poor quality seed with good quality seed or mixing of seed of different varieties is
called_________
Adulteration
Mechanical mixtures
Manual mixtures
Threshing

Cultivation of soil after germination and during growth period of crop is ______
Intertillage
Earthing up
Seed bed preparation
Primary tillage

Tillage carried out after harvesting of one crop for complete coverage of crop residues and to break clods
Fallow cultivation
Secondary tillage
Hoeing
Earthing up

Most of field crops, except __________ cannot stand water logging

Rice
Wheat
Maize
Cotton

PDOP stands for

Position dilution of precision
Pasture dilution of precision
Park dimension of precision
Position dimension of precision

Each satellite orbits the earth in about _____hours

12
24
36
6

DGPS works by placing a GPS receiver at a ________ location, this is called a reference station
Known
Fixed
Standard
Variable

IKONOS collects panchromatic band (.45 to .90 mm) at __________m resolution

1
2
5
10

The SWATH width of Landsat is _______km

183
170
155
197

The target accuracy of WAAS system is _______ meters horizontal and vertical
7
3
15
1

SPOT satellite has ___ modes

2
3
4
5

Which of the following is not the source of error in GPS

Systematic
Multipathing
Orbits
Relativity

LANDSAT-7 launched in ________

1999
1978
1982
1995
In GPS, the satellites orbiting the earth and transmitting timing and ranging messages is
Space segment
User segment
Control segment
All of these

GPS can measure the area

True
False

SPOT is __________ satellite

French
US
German
Chinese

______ and near IR radiation is absorbed more by water than shorter visible wavelengths.
Red
Green
Blue
Yellow

The area imaged by a satellite on the surface, is referred to as the _________

Swath
Path
Swoth
Orbit

In GPS, orbital error are

>2m
< 1m
1-2 m
<2 m
Active Microwave (RADAR) satellites can acquire images of earth
Day and Night
Day
Night
None of these

There should be two sub water channels having a width of _______ m

1
1.5
2
0.5

The replication bund for clayey soils should be _______ m

0.6
0.3
1
1.5

The crop should be sown on ________

Gross plot
Net plot
Non experimental area
Non experimental plot

The inputs should be applied on the basis of ________

Gross plot
Net plot
Non experimental plot
Non experimental area

The Blocks with in an experiment should be as similar as possible and plots within blocks should be as
dissimilar as possible
False
True
In designed experiments, treatments as imposed (manipulated) by researcher using standard protocols
True
False

Treatments are defined on the basis of existing groups or circumstances

Observational study
Designed experiment
Unplanned experiment
Laboratory experiment

Planning of an experiment to objectively test the hypothesis is part of The Scientific Method
True
False

"Selection of treatments" is part of

Panning an experiment
Hypothesis
Data
Interpretation

Variation between plots treated alike is always __________which is called Experimental Error
Present
Absent
Minimum
Maximum

Under Natural sources of error in field experiments, Climatic differences form year to year is example of
__________
Seasonal variability
Plant variability
Soil variability

_________ fields may be better suited to applied research

Farmer
Research station
University

The area is planted uniformly to a single crop, trial is partitioned into small unites and areas of equal yield
are delineated
Uniformity trails
Basic research trails
Adaptive research trails
Laboratory trails

Randomization is performed to introduce bias

False
True

Under border effects, plants along the edges of plots often perform similar than those in the center of the
plot
False
True

Procedure whose effect will be measured

Treatment
Experiment
Factor
Variable

Experiment units that receive the same treatment

Replication
Factor
Treatment
Experimental error

Allocation of treatments to the experimental units in such a way that each unit has an equal chance of
receiving any treatment is called as __________
Randomization
Replication
Experimental error
Treatment

Under Frequency Distribution, Formula of range is

Max. value - Min. value
Max. value - Mean value
Min. value - Min. value
Mean value - Median value

A design in which the treatments are assigned to the experimental units completely at random, that
randomization is done completely at random
CRD
RCBD
LS Design

The treatments are assigned at random to the experimental units with in each block, which means the
randomization is restricted within the blocks
RCBD
CRD
LS Design

Calculate the requirement of ammonium sulphate to supply N @ 25 kg/ha for an area of 2500 m square
31.25kg
50.00kg
35.25kg
29.31kg

Find out the seed requirement (kg) of maize for 4 ha from the following observation, (a) spacing: 75 cm x
25 cm, (b) test weight: 300 g, (c) germination percentage: 90, (d) Purity percentage: 98.
72.56
66.69
82.68
The ______________ is a period in the crop growth cycle during which weeds must be controlled to prevent
yield losses.
CPWC
CWFP
CTWR

The critical period of weed competition is approximately __________ of the duration of the crop
1/3
2/3
1/2
1/1

_____________ refer to the reduction in crop yield due to the presence of weed in comparison to weed free
plots
Weed index
Weed control index
Weed control efficiency
Weed persistence index

The crop yield obtained during this period is almost similar to that obtained by the full season weed free
conditions
CPWC
CWFP
CTWR

The start of critical period of weed competition (CPWC) is determined by estimating ____________
CTWR
CWFP
CTFP
CWWR

Gompertz model equation is used to determine

CWFP
CTWR
Start of competition period
CPWC

In a weed control experiment in wheat crop, dry-weight of weeds n un-weeded plots was 500 kg/ha, whereas
in isoproturon treated plots, it was 250 kg/ha, find out the WCE?
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.6

The critical period of weed competition (CPWC) in groundnut is _____________ days after sowing
30-50
15 -50
30-75
0-50

Weed dry weight in butachlor + hand weeding and weedy check plot in rice are 80 and 95 g/m2,
respectively. Corresponding grain yield are 18 and 11 q/ha. Calculate the weed management index?
4.03
2.46
10.6
6.48

The critical period of weed competition (CPWC) in maize is _____________ days after sowing
15-45
0-60
30-75
45-90

The critical period of weed competition (CPWC) in soybean is from_____________ stage

Ve to V3
Ve to R2
Vc to V3
Ve to R5

The start of critical period of weed competition (CPWC) is determined by model-equation

Logistic Model
Gompertz Model
All of these
Logit Model

Remote sensing techniques make use of the properties of ___________ emitted, reflected or diffracted by
the sensed objects
Electric waves
None of these
Electromagnetic waves
Wind wave

A reduction of nitrogen nutrient in plants

All of these
Affects leaf color
Reduces chlorophyll concentration
Reduces reflection in green portion of spectrum

The altitudinal distance of a geostationary satellite from the earth is about

36000km
70000km
15000km
90000km

Which one of the following helps to identify the objects on the earth surface?
Spectral signature
Atmospheric window
Radiometer error
None of these
The reflection of solar energy is characterized by the water content in the leaf, in the reflective optical
infrared
Visible (0.4 - 0.7 μm) region
Near-IR (0.7 - 1.3 μm) region
Short wave-IR (1.3 - 2.7 μm) region
None of these

The interaction of the electromagnetic radiation produced with a specific wave length to illuminate a target
on the terrain for studying its scattered radiance, is called:
Passive remote sensing
Active remote sensing
Neutral remote sensing
None of these

The refractive index of the ocean water:

Increase with salinity
Decrease with salinity
None of these

The various stages occurring in GPS system are described below: 1. Generation of an output to the user
2. Detection of the GPS signals 3. Processing the data in the built-in-computer 4. Decoding the GPS
signal. The correct sequence of the stages is
2,4,3,1
1,2,3,4
1,4,3,2
1,3,2,4

The normal altitude of GPS satellite is about

20,200 km
40,000km
60,200km
1000 km

The GPS receivers are generally used for

Vehicle tracking
Precision agriculture
All of these
Military

The arrangement of terrain features which provides attributes: the shape, size and texture of objects, is
called:
Spatial
Spectral
Temporal
All of these

Leaf/Vegetation reflectance depends primarily on

The pigments
Internal cell structure
Equivalent water content
All of these

Earth observations from a satellite platform provide

Synoptic view of a large area
Repetitive observations of the same area with intervals of a few minutes to a few weeks
Both of these

Which one of the following residual biases involves the GPS accuracy?
Satellite dependent biases due to uncertainty in the orbital parameters of the satellite
Receiver-dependent biases due to clock stability with line
Signal propagation biases due to the sphere and troposphere propagation
All of these

The GPS space segment consists of Navigation Satellite Timing and Ranging whose number is
8
12
16
24
The GPS space segment consists of Navigation Satellite Timing and Ranging whose number is
Spectral variation
Spatial variation
Temporal variation
All of these

The infrared portion of EMR lies between

0.4 - 0.7 μm
0.5 mm to 1 μm
0.7 - 1.3 μm
0.7 to 14 μm

The basic requirement of any sensor system is:

Radiometric resolution
All of these
Spatial resolution

Which one of the following statements regarding remote sensing is correct?

The interaction of the electromagnetic radiation with the target
The emission of electromagnetic radiation from the target
Both (a) and (b)
Neither (a) nor (b)

Which among the following wave is not employed in case of remote sensing?
Visible ray
X-ray
Thermal IR
Radio waves

DGPS is
A means for using GPS in your personal computer.
A SCHEME to provide GPS data in a digital format.
an extension of GPS which improves accuracy.
Airplane and boat pilots use GPS for
Mapping
Limit setting in air or water
Navigation
Bearing

The law which helps in making choices from number of input combinations is known as _________

Law of substitution
Law of marginal returns
Law of marginal utility
Law of opportunity cost

The law of diminishing marginal return states that, as additional units of a variable input are used in
combination with one or more fixed inputs, ________________will eventually begin to decline.
Average physical product
Marginal physical product
Marginal value product
Marginal input cost

______________is defined as the change in total in put cost, or the addition to total input cost caused by
using an additional unit of input
Marginal physical product
Average physical product
Marginal input cost
Marginal value product

The term marginal in economics refers to ___________ changes, increases or decreases

Sudden
Substantial
Significant
Incremental
Haber-Bosh process allows nitrogen fertilizers to be produced synthetically
Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Potassium
Calcium

_____________considered the father of the Green Revolution, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970.

Fritz-Haber
Norman Borlaug
John Deere
Eli Whitney

___________farming is a kind of agriculture where a lot of money and labour are used to increase the yield
that can be obtained per area of land
Subsistence
Nomadic
Intensive
Fish

A _________ interest rate stays the same over the life of a loan
Compound
Variable
Prime
Fixed

___________ is a financial statement that shows the assets, liabilities, and owner’s equity of a business at
a particular date:
Balance sheet
Income statement
Profit loss statement
Bank statement

If a cheque is presented for payment after three months from the date of cheque, it is called_________
Post Dated Cheque
Stale Cheque
Mutilated cheque
Order cheque

Regarding layout of field experiments, the crop should be sown on __________

Gross plot
Net plot
Non experimental area
Non experimental plot

Variation among experimental plots treated alike is always present which is called ____________
Randomization
Blocking
Replication
Experimental Error

Procedure whose effect is to be measured is ____________

Experiment
Factor
Treatment
Variable

Experiment units that receive same treatment are __________

Factor
Replication
Treatment
Level

The design which applied in the situations where variability in two directions
Latin Square Design
CRD
RCBD
Factorial experiments

After _______ harvesting land preparation for wheat is time and energy consuming process
Rice
Cotton
Cluster bean
Pearl millet

__________ requires soil preparation up to shallow depth

Cotton
Maize
Wheat
Sugarcane

Land should be ----------------in saline areas to avoid salt accumulation on raised soil.
Shallow ploughed
Well leveled
Pulverized
None of these

Each day’s delay in sowing of wheat after mid November to mid December results in reduction of _______
kg grain acre-1 day-1
5
10
15
25

_________ mainly depends on quality and quantity of seed.

Plant Population
Soil Fertility
Plant Protection
Irrigation

In Barani areas, typically all nitrogen fertilizer is applied at ____________

1st irrigation
Sowing
2nd irrigation
Flowering

________________ is the progeny of the basic seed

Breeder Seed
Basic or Foundation Seed
Certified or Registered Seed
Approved Seed

Storage life ________years, if seed moisture contest of cereals are 8-10%.

0.5
1
2
4

Tillage is one of the important mechanical methods of controlling _________

Rodents
Diseases
Weeds
Birds

_____________ results in breakdown of capillary action

Hoeing
Herbicide spray
Irrigation
Fertilization

Which of the following is not a primary tillage implement?

Disc plough
Disc harrow
Chisel plough
Sub-soiler
Single Superphosphate (SSP) contains __________% phosphorous
26
46
18
60

Nitrogen required = 20.5 kg, Fertilizer to be used is Urea, Calculate the amount of Urea needed to supply
20.5 kg Nitrogen?
100kg Urea
25kg Urea
150kg Urea
45 kg Urea

English name of Cynodon dactylon is _____________

Bermuda Grass
Wild Oat
Purple nut sedge
Jungle Rice Grass

Weeds can act host plants for various pest and disease of crop plant, For example _________ in Cereals
Leaf curl virus
Rust
Mosaic
Blight

Weeds have more potential of seed production than field crops. For example, single plant of Bathu can
produce approx. _________ seeds/plant, where as single wheat plant can only produce 200 seeds/plant
2000
1000
8000
3000

Horse power of Al-Ghazi model 640 is _______

75 hp
55 hp
65 hp
85 hp

One kanal is = __________ m2

502
180
5444.8
25.10

After _______ harvesting land preparation for wheat is time and energy consuming process
Rice
Cotton
Cluster bean
Pear millet

Storage bacteria are active above _______ relative humidity

90
70
50
30

Storage life ________years, if seed moisture contest of cereals are 10-12%.

0.5
1
2
3

Around _________% moisture contents may also damage seeds due to extreme desiccation.
20
3
10
15
It is the application of the plant, soil, and related sciences to the improvement, production, and use of field
crops.
Agriculture
Soil science
Agronomy
Botany

Seed or vegetative propagating material which is produced under the direct responsibility of the breeder
Breeder seed
Basic seed
Approved seed
Registered seed

Studies have revealed that the application of fertilizer contributes up ________% increase in crop yield
10
23
30
50

Tillage is derived from word Till means to _________

Irrigate
Cultivate
Harvest
Fertilize

Around ______% of the crop yields are lost if proper harvesting, threshing and storage is not practiced
20
10
40
50

Each day’s delay in sowing of wheat after mid November to mid December results in reduction of
_______ kg grain acre-1 day-1
5
10
15
25

In Barani areas, all nitrogen fertilizer is applied at ____________

Ist irrigation
Sowing
Flowering
2nd irrigation

Land should be ----------------in saline areas to avoid salt accumulation on raised soil.
Shallow ploughed
Well leveled
Pulverized

Potassium is most important on ________soils

Clay
Loam
Sandy
Organic

Shortly before sowing, irrigation is applied which is called _________

Ist irrigation
2nd irrigation
Irrigation at critical stage
Rauni

Tillage is one of the important mechanical methods of controlling _________

Rodents
Diseases
Weeds
Birds
The word Agronomy is derived from the two ___________ words
Latin
English
Roman
Greek

_________ requires puddle soil so as to meet continuous water requirements

Rice
Tobacco
Cotton
Wheat

_____________ results in breakdown of capillary action

Hoeing
Herbicide spray
Irrigation
Fertilizer

Phosphorous application is recommended at the time of _______ to stimulate early root growth
Flowering
Ist irrigation
2nd irrigation
Sowing

All of the weeds with limited life cycles depend on _________________ reproduction for their survival
Sexual
Asexual
Sexual and asexual
None of them

If all the herbicides or their toxic products are degraded by the same mechanisms is termed as___
Target site-based cross resistance
Metabolic based cross resistance
Cross resistance
Single resistance

Which is not the category of biopesticides

Biochemical pesticides
Microbial residues
Plant-incorporated protectants
None of these

Bore two rows of holes down the infected tree, reaching the sap wood. In each hole a mixture of 8 g
copper sulphate and 1 g 2,4-D powder is pushed in. This is chemical control of ________
Cuscuta
Striga
Orobanche
None of these

Exploitation of escape mechanism to manage weeds is the principle of ________

Zero tillage
Sowing date
All of these
Selection of quick growing crop/varieties

Method/scientific hypothesis not used to apply bio-agents is _______

Augmentation
Classical method
Abundation
None of these

The time between introduction of an invasive weed and when the population begins exponentially is
called_____________
Exponential phase
Lag phase
Colonization
None of these
Process whereby the rare resistant individuals become in majority is known as_____
Mechanism of resistance
Evolution of resistance
Reverse resistance
None of these

Contact herbicides move through _________ in plants

Xylem
Phloem
Roots
None of these

Successful weed control with tillage is determined by________

Weeds reproduce sexually and asexually
Managerial skill
All of these

Inherent ability of a specie to survive and reproduce after herbicide treatment is called ______
Tolerance
Resistance
Susceptibility
None of these

Which of the following is not the potential advantage of natural products as herbicides?
Environmental hazard
Non-synthetic strategies
More selectivity
None of these

Which is the best program for small populations of noxious and perennial weeds?
Weed eradication
Weed prevention
Weed control
None of these

Strigol is extracted from the roots of________

Striga
Cotton
Maize
Rice

Total destruction of common weeds is considered undesirable owing to their benefits e.g. ______
Harbour predators of crop pests
Forage value
Medicinal value
None of these

________________ is an example of parasitic weed.

Orbanche
Purple nutsedge
Wild onion
Itsit

_____________ is the most common available form of water for absorption of plants.
Hygroscopic
Capillary
Gravitational
None of these

For green manuring, _______________ crops should be preferred.

Short duration
Slow growing
Tap rooted
None of these

In order to improve the soil fertility_______________ should be included in crop rotation.

Cereals
Fiber crops
Legumes
Sugar crops

The depth of irrigation water required for the full crop period excluding rainfall is called ______.
Delta of water
Duty of water
Consumptive use of water
Crop water requirement

Late emerging weeds usually lower the __________ of crop.

Establishment
Yield
Quality
All of above

____________ factors like humidity affect the grains during storage.

Physical
Chemical
Biochemical
None of these

______________ is generally recommended for unleveled and hilly areas.

Uncontrolled surface irrigation
Sub surface irrigation
Drip irrigation
All of above
 Analytical, Verbal, Quantitative Reasoning
Verbal Questions.
(Antonyms)
Q1: CONFIDANT
assurance
enemy
confession
ally
Answer: enemy

Q2: REDUNDANT
irrelevant
prosaic
excessive
insufficient
Answer: insufficient

Q3: EXHUME
expel
exit
infer
inter
Answer: inter.

Q4: PALPABLE
pliable
facetious
intangible
careful
Answer: intangible

Q5: NEBULOUS
astronomical
distinct
hopeful
moribund
Answer: distinct

(Sentence Completion)

Q6: Pretending in his works to be gauche, uneducated, and ________, the real Chaucer was a
sophisticated, widely read, and ________ man.
provincial . . . cosmopolitan
exiguous . . . vigorous
avuncular . . . shrewd
inept . . . dauntless
Answer: provincial . . . cosmopolitan

Q7: The ________ of Darwin’s theory of evolution on Victorian religion was to create a bitter ________
of ideas and beliefs.
result . . . moderation
effect . . . conflict
extension . . . growth
influence . . . solidarity
Answer: effect . . . conflict

Q8: Churchill was cordial to Beria when they first met, but that was the last show of ________ between
them.
charity
enmity
amiability
austerity
Answer: amiability

Q9: So ________ was the sales person's tone about the qualities of the new computer system that Najam
nearly missed the ________ in its calculations in his budget.
Persuasive ... flaw
adopted ... accuracy
harsh ... amount
Answer: Persuasive ... flaw

Q10: The show is worth seeing for the ________ of Judy Convoy’s vivacious performance, which
________ the stage whenever she appears.
effervescence . . . enlivens
verve . . . deforms
bravado . . . enervates
sprightliness . . . muffles
Answer: effervescence . . . enlivens

Q11: Alarmist newspaper stories present the pit bull terrier as ________ killer, but owners insist that the
dog is friendly and ________.
an invidious . . . malleable
a malign . . . philanthropic
a ferocious . . . docile
a dissolute . . . venal
Answer: a ferocious . . . docile

Q12: America at Sea is a one-volume ________ history that covers the nation’s military and commercial
activities.
aquatic
ancient
meretricious
maritime
Answer: maritime

(Analytical Ability)

Q1: 36, 30, 24, 18, ?

22
12
21
11
Answer: 12

Q2: 7 9 12 14 17 19 22 ?
24
26
18
23
Answer: 24

Q3: 15 11 7 14 10 6
4
6
8
12
Answer: 12

Q4: 3 12 6 24 12 48
24
32
36
40

Answer: 24
Q5: 8 10 14 18 26
32
34
36
30
Answer: 34

(Quantitative Ability)

Q1: In the series 8, 9, 12, 17, 24 . . . the next number would be

29
30
33
35
Answer: 33

Q2: 42.98 + ? = 107.87

64.89
65.89
65.81
65.81
Answer: 64.89

Q3: A person's net income is $ 1373.70 and he pays an income tax of 5%. His gross income in dollars
must be
1446
1118.96
1308.29
1438.25
Answer: 1446

Q4: A man sells two houses for $ 2 lac each. On one he gained 20% and on the other he lost 20%. His
total profit or loss % in the transaction will be
4% profit
5% loss
no profit, no loss
4% loss
Answer: 4% loss

Q5: Rashid's salary was reduced by 20%. In order to restore his salary at the original amount, it must be
raised by
20%
22.50%
25%
25%
Answer: 25%

Q6: \( {𝑥 - 8 \over 24} = {3 \over 4} \)

What is the value of 𝑥 in the equation?
10
20
26
31
Answer: 26

Q7: A boy scored 90 marks for his mathematics test. This was 20% more than what he had scored for the
geography test. How much did he score in geography?
71 marks
73 marks
75 marks
77 marks
Answer: 75

Q8: A sum of money is divided among three persons, X, Y and Z, in the ratio 10:7:5. If Y gets $14 more
than Z, how much will X get?
$ 70
$ 75
$ 73
$ 87
Answer: $70

Q9: A and B can reap a field in 30 days, working together. After 20 days, however, B is called away and
A takes 20 days more to complete the work. B alone could do the whole work in
48 days
50 days
56 days
60 days
Answer: 60 days
Q10: During a month in 1970, a family spent $ 2500 on food. In 1980 in the same month the same family
spent $ 3750 on food. What was the percentage increase in the money spent on food?
25%
50%
75%
80%
Answer: 50%

Analytical Reasoning
(For Q. 1-2) Seven piano students—T, U, V, W, X, Y, and Z—are to give a recital, and their instructor is
deciding the order in which they will perform. Each student will play exactly one piece, a piano solo. In
deciding the order of performance, the instructor must observe the following restrictions:
• X cannot play first or second.
• W cannot play until X has played.
• Neither T nor Y can play seventh.
• Either Y or Z must play immediately after W plays.
• V must play either immediately after or immediately before U plays.
Q. 1. If V plays first, which one of the following must be true?
T plays sixth.
X plays third.
Z plays seventh.
T plays immediately after Y.
Q. 2. If U plays third, what is the latest position in which Y can play?
first
second
fifth
sixth
(For Q. 3-4) From a group of seven people—J, K, L, M, N, P, and Q—exactly four will be selected to
attend a diplomat’s retirement dinner. Selection conforms to the following conditions:
• Either J or K must be selected, but J and K cannot both be selected.
• Either N or P must be selected, but N and P cannot both be selected.
• N cannot be selected unless L is selected.
• Q cannot be selected unless K is selected.
Q. 3. If P is not selected to attend the retirement dinner, then exactly how many different groups of four
are there each of which would be an acceptable selection?
one
two
three
four
Q. 4. There is only one acceptable group of four that can be selected to attend the retirement dinner if
which one of the following pairs of people is selected?
J and L
K and M
L and N
M and Q
(For Q. 5-6) On a particular Saturday, a student will perform six activities—grocery shopping, hedge
trimming, jogging, kitchen cleaning, laundry, and motorbike servicing. Each activity will be performed
once, one at a time. The order in which the activities are performed is subject to the following conditions:
• Grocery shopping has to be immediately after hedge trimming.
• Kitchen cleaning has to be earlier than grocery shopping.
• Motorbike servicing has to be earlier than laundry.
• Motorbike servicing has to be either immediately before or immediately after jogging.
Q. 5. If laundry is earlier than kitchen cleaning, then hedge trimming must be
fifth
fourth
third
second
Q. 6. Which one of the following, if substituted for the condition that motorbike servicing has to be earlier
than laundry, would have the same effect in determining the order of the student’s activities?
Laundry has to be one of the last three activities.
Laundry has to be either immediately before or immediately after jogging.
Jogging has to be earlier than laundry.
Laundry has to be earlier than hedge trimming.

(For Q. 7-9) Aslam has to study four books (English, Physics, Chemistry and Biology) on four different
days from Thursday to Sunday. The order of Books is as follows:
• Chemistry is studied on day before the day of English.
 • Biology is studied on day after the day of Physics
Q. 7. Which of the following is correct order of books?
Chemistry, Biology, English, Physics
Biology, Chemistry, English, Physics
Physics, Chemistry, Biology, English
English, Chemistry, Biology, Physics
Q. 8. If Aslam studies Chemistry on Saturday, which subject he has studied on Thursday?
English
Biology
Physics
Either English or Physics
Q. 9. Which one of the following is not possible?
Chemistry on Thursday
Physics on Sunday
Physics on Thursday
Biology on Saturday
Q. 10-14. Five cartoon videos A, B, C, D, E are to be played to kids in a sequence meeting the condition
given below:
• A must be played earlier than C
• B must be played earlier than D
• E must be fifth video played.
Q. 10. Choose the correct sequence of videos played to kid
A, C, D, D, E
A, E, D, C, B
B, D, C, A, E
B, D, C, A, E
Q. 11. If C is played earlier than E, then which one of following will be true?
A is the first video played.
C is the third video played.
D is the fifth video played.
B is the second video played.
Q. 12. Which videos CANNOT be played earlier than E?
A and D
A and B
C and D
B and C
Q. 13. If D and E are played far apart from each other (as much as possible), which one stands true?
A is played earlier than B
E is played earlier than B
B is played earlier than C
C is played earlier than E
Q. 14. If B, D, and E are played one after another in sequence, when can A be played in the remaining
two positions?
First and second
First and fourth
Third and fifth
Second and third
Q. 15. A, B, C and D are four persons of a family. A is daughter of B. B is son of C. C is father of D.
Which statement in the following is true?
D and B are brothers
A is the daughter of D
If D is the daughter of B, then A and D are sisters
C is uncle of A

Analytical reasoning
For question 1 to 3
A volunteer uses a truck to pick up donations of unsold food and clothing from stores
and to deliver them to locations where they can be distributed. He drives only along
a certain network of roads. In the network there are two-way roads connecting each
of the following pairs of points: 1 with 2, 1 with 3, 1 with 5, 2 with 6, 3 with 7, 5
with 6, and 6 with 7. There are also one-way roads going from 2 to 4, from 3 to 2,
and from 4 to 3. There are no other roads in the network, and the roads in the
network do not intersect. To make a trip involving pickups and deliveries, the
volunteer always takes a route that for the whole trip passes through the fewest of
the points 1 through 7, counting a point twice if the volunteer passes through it
twice. The volunteer's home is at point 3. Donations can be picked up at a
supermarket at point 1, a clothing store at point 5, and a bakery at point 4.
Deliveries can be made as needed to a tutoring center at point 2, a distribution
center at point'6, and a shelter at point 7.
Q1: If the volunteer starts at the supermarket and next goes to the shelter, the first
intermediate point his route passes through must be
2
3
5
6
7
Answer:3

Q2:If, starting from home, the volunteer is then to make pickups for the shelter at
the supermarket and the bakery (in either order), the first two intermediate
points on his route, beginning with the first, must be
1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 1
2 and 4
4 and 2
Answer: 1 and 2

Q3:If, starting from the clothing store, the volunteer next is to pick up bread at
either the supermarket or the bakery (whichever stop makes his route go
through the fewest of the points) and then is to go to the shelter, the first two
points he reaches after the clothing store, beginning with the first, must be
1 and 2
1 and 3
4 and 2
6 and 2
6 and 4
Answer: 1 and 3

For question 4 to 5
There are seven cages next to each other in a zoo. The following is known about the
cages. Each cage has only one animal, which is either a monkey or a bear. There is
a monkey in each of the first and last cages. The cage in the middle has a bear. No
two adjacent cages have bears in them. The bear’s cage in the middle has two
monkey cages on either side. Each of the two other bear cages are between and
next to two monkey cages
Q4:How many cages have monkeys in them?
2
3
4
5
6
Answer:4

Q5:The bear cage in the middle must have

No other bear cage to its left
No monkey cage on its right.
A bear cage to its left and to its right
Other bear cages next to it.
No monkey cage to its left.
Answer: A bear cage to its left and to its right

For question 6 to 8
A nursery class in a school has a circular table with eleven seats around it. Five girls
(Kiran, Lado, Maryam, Omera and Parveen) and five boys (Farhan, Ghaus, Haris,
Imdad and Jahangir) are seated around the table. None of the girls are seated in a
seat adjacent to another girl. Kiran sits between Farhan and Ghaus, and next to
each of them. Jahangir does not sit next to Imdad.
Q6:Which of the following is a possible seating order around the table?
Empty seat, Farhan, Kiran, Ghaus, Lado, Omera, Haris, Imdad, Parveen, Jahangir,
and Maryam.
Empty seat, Farhan, Kiran, Ghaus, Lado, Jahangir, Parveen, Omera, Imdad,
Maryam, Haris.
Empty seat, Farhan, kiran, Ghaus, Omera, Jahangir, Parveen, Imdad, Maryam,
Haris, Lado.
Empty seat, Omera, Farhan, Kiran, Ghaus, Lado, Jahangir, Imdad, Parveen,
Haris, Maryam.
Empty seat, Maryam, Farhan, Kiran, Ghaus, Lado, Jahangir, Perveen, Imdad,
Omera, Haris.
Answer: E: Empty seat, Maryam, Farhan, Kiran, Ghaus, Lado, Jahangir, Perveen, Imdad, Omera, Haris.

Q7:If Lado, Haris, Maryam, Jahangir, and Ghaus are seated in that order, which of
the following is a correct completion of the seating order after Ghaus?
Kiran, Farhan, Omera, Imdad, Parveen, empty seat.
Kiran, Farhan, Imdad, Omera, empty seat, Parveen
Farhan, Parveen, Kiran, Imdad, Omera, empty seat.
Kiran, Farhan, Parveen, Imdad, empty seat, Omera.
Kiran, Farhan, Omera, empty seats, Parveen, Imdad.
Answer: Kiran, Farhan, Omera, Imdad, Parveen, empty seat.

Q8:If Jahangir leaves his seat and occupies the empty seat, his new seating position
would be between:
Farhan and Kiran
Maryam and Ghaus
Kiran and Ghaus
Imdad and Lado
Parveen and Lado
Answer: Parveen and Lado

For question 9 to 10
Four telephone operators (Abid, Baqir, Chauhan, and Daud) each have to perform
duties at the telephone exchange on four different days, Thursday through Sunday.
The following is known about their duty schedule: Chauhan has his duty day before
Abid. Daud has his duty day later than Baqir.

Q9: Which of the following is a possible order of duty days for the four operators?
Chauhan, Daud, Abid and Baqir.
Daud, Chauhan, Abid, and Baqir.
Baqir, Chauhan, Daud and Abid.
Abid, Chauhan, Daud and Baqir.
Abid, Baqir, Daud and Chauhan.
Answer: Baqir, Chauhan, Daud and Abid.

Q10:If Chauhan has his duty day on Saturday, who must have his duty day on
Thursday?
Either Abid or Daud.
Daud
Abid
Either Baqir or Daud.
Baqir.
Answer: Baqir
Verbal reasoning
Q1:Multan ___________ a very hot climate.
Has
Have
Has been
With
Answer: Has
Q2:One of the least effective ways of sorting information is learning
_________ it.
Repeat
Repeating
To repeat
how repeat
Answer: To repeat
Q3:Salman finished__________ two of his published compositions before
his twelfth birthday.
Written
Writing
To write
Wrote
Answer: Writing
Q4:Sofia __________ collect stamps, but now she has other interests.
Used to
Was used to
Used to be
Using to
Answer: Used to
Q5:After passing through a great trauma of her husband’s death, she
__________ hard to achieve mental relaxation.
Struggled
Struggling
Struggle
To struggle
Answer: Struggled
Q6:In partnership with Pakistan, South Korea ____________on Motor way.
Helped worked
Helping work
Helped working
To help working
Answer: Helped working
Q7:We will wait if you __________ go.
Wanted to
Want
Want to
Wanting to
Answer: Want to
Q8:If I had more time I ____________ checked my paper.
Would have
Would
Would had
Will have
Answer: Would have
Q9:I thought that he___________ coming today.
Has been
Is
Was
Has
Answer: Was
Q10:That professor enjoys teaching and ___________.
Writing
Written
To write
Write
Answer: Writing

Quantitative reasoning
Q1. A piece of wood 35 feet, 6 inches long was used to make 4 shelves of equal length. The
length of each shelf was
9 feet, 1 1/2 inches
8 feet, 10 1/2 inches
7 feet, 10 1/2 inches
7 feet, 1 1/2 inches
6 feet, 8 1/2 inches
Answer: 8 feet, 10 1/2 inches

Q2.The tiles in the floor of a bathroom are 15/16 inch squares. The cement between the tiles
is 1/16 inch. There are 3240 individual tiles in this floor. The area of the floor is
225 sq. yds.
2.5 sq. yds.
250 sq. ft.
22.5 sq. yds
225 sq. ft.
Answer: 2.5 sq. yds.
Q3.A man bought a TV set that was listed at $160. He was given successive discounts of
20% and 10%. The price he paid was
$129.60
$119.60
$118.20
$115.20
$112.00
Answer: $115.20
Q4.Mr. Jones' income for a year is $15,000. He pays 15% of this in federal taxes and 10%
of the remainder in state taxes. How much is left?
$12,750
$9,750
$14,125
$13,500
$11,475
Answer: $11,475
Q5.The radius of a circle which has a circumference equal to the perimeter of a hexagon
whose sides are each 22 inches long is closest in length to which one of the following?
7
21
14
28
24
Answer: 21

Q6.If a, is a multiple of 5 and b = 5a, which of the following could be the value of a + b?
60 II. 100 III. 150
I only
III only
I and III only
II and III only
None of these
Answer: I and III only

Q7.Which of the following expressions has the greatest value?

4×4÷4+4
4÷4×4+4
4×4–4×4
4÷4+4×4
2÷2+2×2
Answer: 4 ÷ 4 + 4 × 4
Q8.If (a + 3) / 5 is an integer, what is remainder when ‘a’ is divided by 5?
1
2
3
4
5
Answer:2
Q9.The integral part of logarithm is called
Characteristic
Mantissa
Solution
Root
None of these
Answer: Solution
Q10.On the y-axis, the x-coordinate is
1
∞
zero
-∞
–1
Answer: -∞

Analytical reasoning, Quantitative and Verbal Reasoning

There are 5 villages A, B, C, D and E. Two of these are on the Highway and each have a school. The
population of one of them is less than 3000. Out of these two, one village also has a school and its population
is more than 3000, has no school. In one village, having population of more than 3000 and a school, there
is a post office. There is a police station in one of the villages, which has a population of more than 3000
and which lies on the Highway. Village 'A' has a school and its population is less than 3000. There is no
school in village 'B' and it does lie on the Highway. 'C' lies on the Highway and its population is more than
3000. Population of 'D' is less than 3000 and village 'E' neither lies on the Highway nor it has a post office.
On the basis of the above information, answer the questions from 1 to 5.
Q1: Other than 'C' which village lies on the Highway?
B
E
D
A
Answer: D
Q2: Which village, with a population of less than 3000, has no school?
B
E
D
C
Answer: D
Q3: Which village, not lying on the Highway, has a school?
B
E
D
C
Answer: C
Q4: Which village has a police station?
C
E
B
D
Answer: D
Q5: Which village with a population of more than 3000 has no school?
E
B
D
C
Answer: E
Q6: Successive discounts of 10% and 15% is equivalent to a single discount of
22%
23.50%
25%
24.50%
Answer: 23.50%
Q7: 7/8 of 96 is:
72
76
80
84
Answer: 84
Q8: A train travelled a distance of 6,000 km from Lahore to Karachi in 22 hours. And during travel from
Karachi to Lahore the train got late due to engine failure and reached Lahore in 28 hours. What is the
average speed of train?
180 km/hr
200 km/hr
220 km/hr
240 km/hr
Answer: 240 km/hr
Q9: What is the percent profit made on the sale of 1000 shares of stock bought at Rs. 10 per share and
sold at Rs. 12 per share?
2%
0.20%
25%
20%
Answer: 20%
Q10: The area of the circle is 16?. The length of the diameter of the circle is:
8
16
4
32
Answer: 8
Q11: We cannot predict whether he will go on a picnic or not. He is so __________
Deleterious
Offensive
Feckless
Capricious
Answer: Capricious
Q12: Don’t think there are no crocodiles because the water is calm. This is a:
Simple Sentence
Compound sentence
Complex sentence
Mixed sentence
Answer: Compound sentence
Q13: TENET:
Foe
Stable
Improvement
Dogma
Answer: Dogma
Q14: Yauld:
Powerful
Vigorous
Energetic
Weak
Answer: Vigorous
Q15: The state Govt. staff ___ threatened to launch an indefinite strike from next month to ___ their
demands:
Have, Press
Were, Meet
Did, Get
Had, Encounter
Answer: Have, Press
VERBAL REASONING MCQS

Choose the word that is most nearly similar in meaning to the word in capital letters.
1. INTEGRITY
A. questioning
B. transparency
C. honesty
D. sadness

ANSWER: C
 2. PREROGATIVE
A. interrogative
B. right
C. wise
D. casual

ANSWER: B

Choose the word that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capital letters.
3.RESTIVE

A. easy
B. calm
C. hurry
D. restless

ANSWER: A

4. PRODIGAL
A. wasteful
B. confident
C. neutral
D. frugal

ANSWER: D

Choose the pair of words that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the pairs of
words in capital.

5. TIGER : CARNIVOROUS
A. lion : jungle
B. cat : house
C. cow : herbivorous
D. wolf : clever
ANSWER: C
6. CONSTELLATION : STARS
A. archipelago : islands
B. city : country
C. book : pen
D. school : education

ANSWER: A

Fill in the blanks with suitable choices.

7. We cannot predict whether he will go on a picnic or not. He is so __________ .

A. deleterious
B. offensive
C. feckless
D. capricious

ANSWER: D
8. He is __________ fame and money. He pursues research just as an amateur scientist.

A. indifferent to
B. enamoured of
C. running for
D. struggling for

ANSWER: A
9. Octopuses have not only large brains __________ also a well-developed nervous system.
A. but
B. and
C. are
D. and have

ANSWER: A
10. I hardly __________ meet him.
A. ever
B. never
C. had ever
D. had never
ANSWER: A

QUANTITATIVE REASONING MCQS

1. 4+4-4*4/4=
A. 0
B. 1
C. 4
D. 8

ANSWER: C

2. 7/8 of 96 is
A. 72
B. 76
C. 80
D. 84

ANSWER: D

3. If x+3y=12 and -2x-4y=24 then what are the values of x and y?

A. x=24 y=60
B. X=60, y=24
C. X=-24, y=60
D. X=24, y=-60

ANSWER: B

4. If f(x)=2x2-2x-1 then f(-1)=?

 A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3

ANSWER: D

5. What is the 101st term of the sequence: 1, 4 7, 10, …. ?

A. 281
B. 291
C. 301
D. 311

ANSWER: C

6. What is the sum of the sequence: 10, 20, 30, 40, …. , 1000 ?
A. 50,000
B. 50,500
C. 60,000
D. 60,500

ANSWER: B

7. Consider the larger circle and an inner circle. Point A is center of larger circle. If the line AB (not
drawn) is 7 cm in length, then what is the area of larger circle.
 A. 154 cm
B. 136 cm
C. 112 cm
D. 94 cm

ANSWER: A

8. A train traveled a distance of 6,000 km from Lahore to Karachi in 22 hours. And during travel from
Karachi to Lahore the train got late due to engine failure and reached Lahore in 28 hours. What is the
average speed of train?
A. 180 km/hr
B. 200 km/hr
C. 220 km/hr
D. 240 km/hr

ANSWER: D

9. If 6 men can complete a work in 15 hours. Then how many hours it will take if 10 men working on the
same speed completes the work?
A. 7
B. 8
C. 9
D. 10

ANSWER: C

10. The ages of Sohail, Afzal and Bilal are 17, 16 and 12 respectively. If the age of Aslam also included
the average of the ages is increased by 5. What is the age of Aslam?
A. 32
B. 33
C. 34
D. 35
ANSWER: D

ANALYTICAL REASONING
Questions 1-2 In an in vitro st dy , 160 white cats were injected with Salt X . 160 other white cats were
injected with placebo . In two weeks , 39% of the white cats , who were injected with Salt X showed
symptom . of Kay fever ? Hence , it can be concluded that Kay fever i caused by some elements similar to
the elements in Salt X

1. Which of the following statements would most seriously weaken the above discussion? suffering from
Kay fever are the victims of the golden viper of B One among the 160 white cats had akeady showed
symptoms of Kay fever prior to the experiment
A. The natural habitats of white cats does not contain any of the elements found in Salt X
B. The 160 white cats used in the experiment were kept isolated from each other.
C. The scientists administered the injections being ignorant of the contents of the salt used.
ANSWER: B

2. Which of the following would most strengthen the argument above?

Α. Some of the elements in Salt X are extracted from the root of a certain poisonous herb of Hunza.
В. The blood test of the victims of Kay fever revealed the presence of a toxic element in their blood,
normally found in salt X.
С. Almost all the white cats died within two days after the first symptom appeared.
D. Normally the rate of Kay fever among white cats is less than 0.01%. E. Within two weeks, about
40% of the white cats, who were injected with placebo, also contracted Kay fever.

ANSWER: B

3. Wall chalking on public property should be outlawed. Radicals and fanatics have no right to use
public property when promoting their unsavory views. The argument above is based on the idea
Α. The general public has an interest in the free exchange of different political views.
В. Every person who uses wall chalking for the promotion of ideas is a radical or fanatic.
C. Radicals and fanatics prefer the use of public property while propagating their viewpoint.
D. Legal constraints should be equal for all E. Any promotional activity, which is against public interest,
should be protected by law.
ANSWER: B

Questions 4 - 5
One's ability to a ljust in environment successfully leads to happiness. War at a universal level destroys
the weaker people, who are the most unable to adjust to their environment. Thus, war at the universal
level puts weaklings out of their misery and allows more space for their predators to enjoy life in a better
manner. As those actions have to be performed, which maximize the level of happiness of the greatest
number, war at a universal level should take place.

4. The author's discussion would be greatly weakened, if he agreed to which of the following? 1-
Technology could change the environment. II- War at the universal level would be an integral part of the
environment. III- It is possible for the strong to survive without suppressing the weak.
A. I only
B. Il only
C. Ill only
D. I and III only
E. I, II and III only

ANSWER: A

5. What response would the author of the above discussion come up with, in the cuse of the objection
that the weaklings far exceed strong people? 1. He would respond with the statement that the person
making thu objection is a weakling II - He would respond by saying that weaklings will be miserable no
matter what happens. III. He would respond with the statement that the strong would be frustrated if the
weaklings are destroyed.
Α. I only
B. II only
C. Ill only
D. I and II only
E. II and III only

ANSWER: E
6. If Rubina was born in NWFP, then she is a citizen of Pakistan. The statement above can be deduced
from which of the following statements? Α. Every citizen of the Pakistan is resident either of one of the
province or of one of the tribal area.
В. Rubina was born either in NWFP or in Sindh.
C. Some people born in NWFP are citizens of Pakistan.
D. Everyone born in Pakistan is a citizen of Pakistan.
E. Rubina is a citizen either of Pakistan or of any other country.

ANSWER: E

Questions 7-8
Follow us to the real Pakistan leaving behind the disturbances of civilization. Real Pakistan is still
inhabited by the eagle, the cow, the black deer, and tigers; it is still spacious, sprawling, and majestic.
Experience the freedom and serenity still to be found in

7. Choose the best option to complete the above statement:

Α. the natural beauty of our land
В. the fascinating urban centers
С. the wild terrain of NWFP
D.one's own subconscious
E. the great sprawling cities of the upper Pakistan

ANSWER: A

8. The above paragraph is most likely to appear in which of the following? A. A Guide to Wild life in
Pakistan
B. Exploring the Great Outdoors
C. The Quiet Beauty of Harppa
D. How the Eagle Became Extinct
E. Retaining to Paistan

ANSWER: D
9. In 1970, Shaheen Inn earned Rs. 10 million in hotel business. By 1990, revenue doubled and in 2000,
it reached the sum of Rs. 40 million. Each the following, if true, may explain the trend in hotel business
except: Α, The number of total hotel rooms has increased.
В. Avere ge expenditure per room has increased.
С. The number of customers has increased from 1970 to 1990.
E. Average stay per customer has increased.
F. The average price of customer services has increased.

ANSWER: A
10. If I am elected, I will fight for changes effecting the growth and prosperity of the poor. We will
work together to do away with the bureaucratic bogs which have existed ever since my opponent took
office. Every one of you knows what I stand for; I invite my opponent to..........

А. Extend his support to me

B .make his mind clear
C. stop lying to the public
D. hand in his resignation graciously
E. get our city more federal aid

ANSWER: B