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    History of Earth Dating

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    katherine corvera
    The early Earth became molten due to high-speed collisions from planetary formation, with heavier elements like iron sinking to form the core and lighter elements rising to form the crust. Geologists use principles of stratigraphy, paleontology, and petrology to reconstruct geological history and developed the geologic time scale, placing events in order through relative dating principles, while absolute dating using radioactive decay provides actual ages, such as determining the Earth is approximately 4.54 billion years old. Radiometric dating is also used to date important events and processes throughout Earth's history.

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    History of Earth Dating

    Uploaded by

    katherine corvera
    56 views28 pages
    The early Earth became molten due to high-speed collisions from planetary formation, with heavier elements like iron sinking to form the core and lighter elements rising to form the crust. Geologists use principles of stratigraphy, paleontology, and petrology to reconstruct geological history and developed the geologic time scale, placing events in order through relative dating principles, while absolute dating using radioactive decay provides actual ages, such as determining the Earth is approximately 4.54 billion years old. Radiometric dating is also used to date important events and processes throughout Earth's history.

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    The early Earth became molten due to high-speed collisions from planetary formation, with heavier elements like iron sinking to form the core and lighter elements rising to form the crust. Geologists use principles of stratigraphy, paleontology, and petrology to reconstruct geological history and developed the geologic time scale, placing events in order through relative dating principles, while absolute dating using radioactive decay provides actual ages, such as determining the Earth is approximately 4.54 billion years old. Radiometric dating is also used to date important events and processes throughout Earth's history.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    56 views28 pages

    History of Earth Dating

    Uploaded by

    katherine corvera
    The early Earth became molten due to high-speed collisions from planetary formation, with heavier elements like iron sinking to form the core and lighter elements rising to form the crust. Geologists use principles of stratigraphy, paleontology, and petrology to reconstruct geological history and developed the geologic time scale, placing events in order through relative dating principles, while absolute dating using radioactive decay provides actual ages, such as determining the Earth is approximately 4.54 billion years old. Radiometric dating is also used to date important events and processes throughout Earth's history.

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    History of Earth

    Differentiation of Early Earth


    • 1. What caused the early Earth to be in a molten state?
    • As the earth condensed during its early stages of formation, gravity
    caused the rocky fragments and planetesimals to accelerate.
    • This caused them to collide at high speeds, converting kinetic energy
    into thermal energy.
    • Additionally, the collision of asteroids, comets, and more
    planetesimals onto the earth's surface provided heat.
    • There is also an internal heating associated with radioactive decay.
    • These processes caused the early earth to become so hot that it
    became a hot mass of molten matter.
    • 2. Why are iron and nickel found in the core?
    • Due to gravitational force, denser substances as iron and nickel sink
    toward the center in a process called planetary differentiation.
    • the less dense materials such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and
    silicates moved upwards from the mantle to the crust.
    • This separation of materials creates the compositionally distinct layers
    of earth, each with their unique physical and chemical behavior.
    Relative Dating and Absolute Dating
    • How did scientists piece together the events that happened millions
    or billions of years ago, long before humans ever existed?
    • Geologists reconstruct the sequence of events from the study of
    petrology, stratigraphy, and paleontology.
    • PETROLOGY is a branch of geology that deals with the origin,
    composition, structure, and classification of rocks.
    • STRATIGRAPHY is the study of rock layers (strata) and layering
    (stratifications).
    • PALEONTOLOGY studies the life that existed prior to, or sometimes at
    the start of, the Holocene epoch.
    • Based on the information
    gathered from the study
    of rock composition and
    structure, rock layers,
    and fossils, geologists
    developed the GEOLOGIC
    TIME SCALE.
    • It represents the interval of
    time occupied by the
    geologic history of earth.
    • It provided a meaningful
    time frame wherein events
    of geologic past are
    arranged.
    Two ways in which scientists piece together the
    events and measure geologic time:

    •Relative •Absolute
    Dating Dating
    Relative Dating
    •Relative dating places •It simply means that
    events or rocks intheir Event B occured
    chronological before Event C, but
    sequence or order of after Event A.
    occurence without
    knowing its actual age.
    Principle of original horizontality
    • Sedimentary rocks are
    deposited as horizontal
    or nearly horizontal
    layers. Any deviation
    from horizontality
    indicates that
    deformation occurs after
    the deposition.
    Principle of superposition
    • In the sequence of
    sedimentary rocks, the
    layer at the bottom of
    the sequence is the
    oldest, and the
    successively higher
    levels are successively
    younger.
    Principle of cross-cutting relationship
    •Geologic features such
    as faults or igneous
    intrusion is younger
    than the rocks that
    they cut across
    Principle of
    inclusion
    • If rocks or rock fragments
    are included within
    another rock layer, the
    rock fragments must be
    older than the rock layer
    they were embedded
    therefore anytime pperiod
    can be recognized by its
    fossil content.
    Unconformities
    • An unconformity is a surface
    that corresponds with a gap in
    sedimentation resulting from
    nondeposition or erosion.
    • Rocks above any unconformity
    are younger than those below it.
    Correlation of Rock Layers
    • If the rock prints are of the • Equivalence is based on
    same type and look similar, lithologic similarity and
    then they may correlate. fossils.
    • If the rocks are equivalent, • Fossils are key indicators
    they may have the same of relative as well as
    relative age depositional environment.
    Absolute Dating
    • Absolute dating places • Decay rate is described in
    actual ages of rocks and terms of half-life.
    events. • A half-life is the time
    • The method used is required for half of the
    radiometric dating nuclei to undergo
    technique based on the radioactive decay.
    decay rate of certain
    radioactive nuclides within
    fossils, rocks, and any
    artifact.
    • The use of radiometric dating • 3. the majority of the 70 dated
    meteorites have ages that range
    method revealed the following from 4.5 to 4.6 billion y/o
    informations: • 4. the age f earth using isotopes
    of lead is 4.54 billion y/o.
    • 1. the oldest rocks on earth found
    in Greenland are 3.7 to 3.8 billon • Radiometric dating is also used
    y/o in determing the ages of fossils,
    early man and mineral deposits,
    • 2. the oldest moon rocks taken by recurrence rates of volcanic
    the Apollo Missin were found to eruptions and earthquakes,
    be 4.4 to4.5 billion y/o reversals of earth's magnetic
    field and age and duration of
    geologic events and processes.
    Based on the sequence of layers, the relative age
    of the layers would be as follows:
    • Laguna • Cavite
    • diskettes layer (youngest) • diskettes layer (youngest)
    • aluminum cans layer • aluminum cans layer, 1970
    • ceramic cups layer ID card
    • tin cans layer, 1950 LP • tin cans layer
    • stone tools layer (oldest) • stone tools layer (oldest)
    • The excavation sites
    contain some clues to the
    absolute age
    • In the Laguna site, a 1950
    license plate is found on
    the tin cans layer.
    • In the Cavite site, a 1970
    ID card is found in the
    aluminum cans layer.
    •Make a relative time •After making a
    scale of seven relative time scale,
    important events that assign dates to your
    have occured in your seven listed events.
    lifetime. These events This is an absolute
    only show time scale.
    chronological order.

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