#6 - Vermiculite Angola

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Scientic Research AbstractsVol. 7, p. 808, 2017ISSN 2464-9147 (Online)XVI International Clay Conference | ICC 2017 | Granada, Spain© Author(s) 2017. CC Attribution 3.0 License
MICA-VERMICULITE INTERGROWTH EXPANSION THROUGH NATURAL PROCESSES IN PYROCLASTIC CARBONATITES FROMCATANDA (ANGOLA)
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inGyao
 x
u
 (1)*, m
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ampeny
 (1), e
sperança
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 (1), j
oan
 C
arles
 m
elGarejo
 (1), a
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limpio
 G
onçalves
 (2)
(1) Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, (2) Departamento de Geologia, Universidade Agostinho Neto, Luanda, Angola
 
*jingyao.xu@ub.edu
Catanda carbonatites are found in the Kwanza Sul province, about 350 km SE of Luanda (Angola). Theseare formed by small volcanic cones consisting of a series of pyroclastic rocks with minor interbedded carbonatitic lavas [1]. Phlogopite as a carbonatitic mineral and annite as xenocrystal provided from hosted granites are found in the Catanda pyroclastic carbonatites. Secondary minerals such as vermiculite have also been reported [1].Under petrographic study, phlogopite and annite present textures as non-expanded, slightly expanded and strongly expanded dening accordion texture. Vermiculite can be distinguished using SEM-EDS in back-scattered electron (BSE) mode. Bothphlogopite and annite are affected by the vermiculitization process. Previous work [2,3] has proposed that vermiculitization of micas proceeds through the sequence: mica to inter 
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stratied mica-vermiculite to vermiculite, and this is determined byXRD as peaks at 10, 12 and14 Å, respectively. In the present study of the Catanda samples, diffraction peaks were identied at 10 and 14 Å only, and no 12 Åpeak was found. We propose that the Catanda intermediate product of phlogopite-vermiculiteshould not be considered as an interstratied phlogopite-vermiculite but a mixture of phlogopite and vermiculite, consisting of intergrowths of both minerals inan intermediate stage of alteration, similar to theintergrowth of phyllosilicates described inother works [4,5]. By EMP analysis, vermiculite generated by the alteration of phlogopite is dominated by Ca in the
interlayer position, it has d
002
 values of 14.6-14.8 Å identied by XRD, so the alteration of phlogopite produced Ca-vermiculte. For the alteration of annite, all analysis shows Mg <0.5 and
2
O contents of >5 wt.%. We propose that annite altered to K-vermiculite which has d
002
 spacing of 10.42 Å, so the intermediate product between annite and K-vermiculite has d
002
 about 10 Å. The d
002
 spacing of 10.07 Å corresponds to annite and phlogopite, also could be K-vermiculite, so as intergrowth or interstratied annite and K-vermiculite. Pure vermiculites have little ability to expand but do increase in polyphase intergrowths, which are denedas intra-particle mosaics between mica and vermiculite, a rapid heating (>300 °C) may generate theexpansion of mi
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ca-vermiculite intergrowths [4]. We propose that the formation of the accordions texture as product of expansion is related to the rapid heating caused by the volcanic process that occurred in the Catanda area [1]. The intergrowth vermiculite-phlogopite stimulated the expansion. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the rst report of the accordion texture related to the vermiculite expansion occurring under natural conditions.
[1] Campeny M., Mangas J., Melgarejo J.C., Bambi A., Alfonso P., Gernon T., Manuel J. (2014). The Catanda extrusive carbonatites (Kwanza Sul, Angola): an example of explosive carbonatitic volcanism. Bulletin of Volcanology, 76, 818-834.[2] Moon H.S., Song Y., Lee S.Y. (1994). Supergene vermiculitization of phlogopite and biotite in ultramac and mac rocks, Central Korea. Clays and Clay Minerals, 42, 259-268.[3] Azzone R.G., Ruberti E. (2010). Evolução Composicional dos Filossilicatos no Perl Intempérico do Complexo Ultramáco Alcalinocar 
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 bonatítico de Catalão I (GO). Geologia USP, SérieCientíca, 10, 23-43. Minerals, 42, 259-268.[4] Hillier S., Marwa E.M.M., Rice M. (2013). On the mechanism of exfoliation of “vermiculite”. Clay Minerals, 48, 563-582.[5] Giorgetti G., Memmi I., Nieto F. (1997). Microstructures of intergrown phyllosilicate grains from Verrucanometasediments (northern Apennines, Italy). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 128, 127-138.
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