Activity 5 From DNA To Protein
Activity 5 From DNA To Protein
Activity 5 From DNA To Protein
OBJECTIVES:
• Recognize the molecules involve in protein synthesis
• Sequence the events in protein synthesis
INTRODUCTION:
You probably noticed that you have plenty of similarities with your parents than people who are not related to
you. The reason behind it is because you inherited their traits thru the stored information on their DNA. Have you ever
wondered how the stored information in your own DNA determines your hereditary characteristics?
The answer can be summarized using the diagram below.
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
In a cellular process called Protein Synthesis (process of making protein), the stored information in your DNA is
converted into RNA through the process is known as Transcription. The information in the RNA molecule will then be
used to create proteins through the process known as Translation. The type, structure and function of protein produced by
your cells determine your hereditary characteristics like skin, eye & hair color, height, body built and all other
characteristics that you have in your body. Do the succeeding activities to know more.
PROCEDURES:
Video #1 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruUf7ntRCk8
Video #2 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UhxqQ550L9s
1. single-stranded molecule 3. contains nitrogenous bases like Adenine (A), Thymine (T),
1. double-stranded molecule Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G)
2. contains ribose sugar 3. contains nitrogenous bases like Adenine (A), Uracil (C),
Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G)
2.contains deoxyribose sugar
1.
1.
2.
2.
3.
3.
Picture
Picture
Video #3 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gG7uCskUOrA
5. Protein synthesis can be divided into two processes, the transcription and translation. Base on your understanding,
supply the needed information on the table below.
Processes of Product or output of Template or source Enzyme initiating the Parts of the cell
Protein the process information used to process where the process
Synthesis create a product takes place
(A) The resulting messenger RNA or mRNA shall be processed by adding or removing
some of its parts before it exits the nucleus and go into the cytoplasm.
(B) Inside the nucleus of the cell, the enzyme called RNA polymerase binds to start of
the gene (short segment of a DNA that codes for a particular protein).
(C) The RNA polymerase moves along the DNA making a strand of messenger RNA out of free nucleotides
floating inside the nucleus. The DNA code determines the order in which the free nucleotide bases
are added to the messenger RNA. The A=U, C=G nitrogenous base pairing is followed.
(D) A long chain of amino acid is gradually forming as the ribosome moves along the mRNA. Once the last
amino acid has been added, the amino acid chain folds into a complex 3D shape to form the protein.
The proteins produced by your cells shall determine your physical characteristics.
(E) The finished mRNA in the cytoplasm shall bind to a ribosome. The ribosome reads the
code in the messenger RNA 3 bases at a time. These triplets of bases are called mRNA
codon.
(F) As each triplet of mRNA codon is read by the ribosome, free floating tRNA molecules
with a matching anticodons pair with mRNA codon. The tRNA delivers an amino acid
before leaving the ribosome.