ERP System in The Logistics Information Management
ERP System in The Logistics Information Management
ERP System in The Logistics Information Management
Research Article
ERP System in the Logistics Information Management System of
Supply Chain Enterprises
Received 15 July 2021; Revised 4 September 2021; Accepted 11 September 2021; Published 13 October 2021
Copyright © 2021 Qingping Li and Guoqiang Wu. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons
Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.
In the era of rapid development of information, with the popularization of computers, the development of science and technology,
and the continuous growth of IT technology and business, the enterprise resource planning (ERP) system has become a platform
and guarantee for the completion of business management processes after long-term operations. Establishing a logistics
management information system is an important means for Chinese companies to improve their logistics efficiency. This is the
prerequisite for modern companies to gain a competitive advantage in the management of logistics companies. Therefore,
organizations must adapt to different needs, fierce competition, and rapid strategic changes. This is a powerful supplement to the
nature of logistics companies. The logistics management information system has continuously experienced the processes of MRP,
MRP II, and ERP. This article aims to study how to use computers in logistics management to create an ERP system-based
enterprise logistics information management system. This article puts forward the development significance of logistics in-
formation management system, uses ERP system to analyze complex logistics business in detail, and designs the overall
framework, specific functions, and data model of the system in detail. The experimental results of this paper show that the ERP
system has important application value in the logistics information management system of supply chain enterprises, and it can
effectively increase the value of customer satisfaction by 86.7%.
development are also increasing. This puts forward new The innovation of this article is as follows: (1) Due to the
requirements for organizational development, requiring drawbacks of the traditional logistics information system
organizations to meet their needs. At the same time, en- and ERP system, the logistics function of the ERP system has
terprises need to continuously improve, improve com- been strengthened, so that the logistics information man-
petitiveness, improve logistics management methods, and agement system based on ERP not only has strong logistics
improve logistics management levels [1]. processing capabilities, but also maintains the ERP system.
By studying the current status, existing problems, and Other information processing capabilities are as follows: (2)
actual needs of the current logistics management system, we The development and implementation of an ERP-based
design a management information system for logistics logistics information management system not only reduces
management. It helps to accelerate the automation of lo- the operating costs of the logistics business system, but also
gistics management, and the rapid development of computer reduces logistics costs.
applications leads to the development of business man-
agement. Increasing social competition and widespread use 2. Research Method of ERP System in Supply
of information force companies to adapt to social trends and Chain Enterprise Logistics Information
require management automation to improve the competi-
tiveness of industry organizations. With the development of Management System
China’s logistics industry and the development of traditional 2.1. ERP System. Enterprise resource planning is a combi-
self-recording methods that the company cannot cover, this nation of modern advanced information technology and
is also conducive to improving the efficiency of logistics systematic management concepts based on supply chain-
management business processing. The company’s business oriented management ideas (integrating relevant parts and
needs are increasing, and customers want speed and the their various links into its operations) [6–8]. By closely
most accurate service. It has also become a standard for integrating business and construction processes with the
customers to evaluate companies, so how to improve supply and demand system, plan, design, and control the
business processing efficiency and management has become company’s logistics, capital flow, work flow, and value-
a key issue hindering the development of manufacturing added flow, etc., and rationally arrange the organization’s
companies. The system can help organizations build a production, supply, and marketing activities, so that the
comprehensive logistics system, which plays an important organization can use all resources in a timely manner. It is an
role in improving employee productivity and managing integrated information management system and manage-
logistics automation. ment platform that supports the organization’s decision-
Jagoda and Samaranayake put forward the conceptual making, production, and operation [9].
framework of ERP system implementation by combining the
state gate method with the preimplementation roadmap. It is
found that an alternative integrated method based on the 2.1.1. The Definition and Development of ERP. In the early
phase gate method is proposed to implement the enterprise 1990s, Gartner Group Inc., a well-known American com-
resource planning (ERP) system, which will enhance the puter technology consulting and evaluation team based on
effectiveness of the ERP project [2]. However, it is far from the development of computer data processing technology
enough to build a conceptual framework. The theory and and the needs of enterprise supply chain management at the
practice should also be combined. At present, choosing the time, predicted this trend [10, 11]. In the information age,
right enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is the main the development of production management information
challenge facing business managers. Jafarnejad A proposes a systems and the upcoming changes make it possible for the
combined multicriteria decision (MCDM) method [3], concept of ERP and the planning of business resources.
which will determine the most important use of Shannon ERP is a complete system that can collect all internal
entropy technology for ERP selection standard. Through this resources of the organization and execute effective planning
method, the previous research results can be integrated, and and control to achieve maximum benefits [12]. Its goal is to
the judgment of industry experts or organizational managers improve information, logistics, capital flow, value flow, and
can also be integrated to select the appropriate ERP system business flow by using programming and control as a
[4]. However, this method only discusses the choice of ERP benchmark and using network and information technology
system and does not have an in-depth understanding of how as a platform to integrate marketing, sales, and customers
the ERP system is applied. Many researchers have studied and improve customer satisfaction [13]. Functions such as
various key success factors and different reasons for the market, planning, production, financing, quality, service,
failure of ERP implementation projects. Although there are data integration, and business process reengineering (BPR)
detailed literature forecasts, the purpose of this research by are combined to solve the concepts and methods of supply
Aleksander is to develop and evaluate the main human chain management (SCM) [14].
factor (PHF) model and confirm the significant impact of It can be divided into three levels: management ideas,
PHF on the success of traditional CSF and projects [5]. software products, and management systems [12].
However, the development of the main human critical (1) The standard business management system proposed
success factor model for the implementation of the ERP by Garter Group Inc. is developed based on MRPII
system is by no means simple, and the feasibility of the study (Manufacturing Resource Planning). This is a management
is not high. concept that supports the supply chain. (2) With integrating
Mobile Information Systems 3
operation of the special software takes up a lot of organization, and the relevant protocols need to be
server resources and requires more server hardware identified during the research and development
[23]. Its professional application software requires process.
no small server data occupancy space, server (5) Differences in database connection methods:
memory resources, and controller clock resources.
The client side of the C/S architecture requires rel-
The B/S architecture uses the browser-side software
atively short data flow display and storage time. The
and Web-logic middleware software that most
communication between the client side and the
people have and uses the HTTP network inter-
server side is very frequent, so the C/S architecture
working protocol, which has less restrictions on
server and the client are always connected. As long as
hardware and is suitable for large-scale crowd use
there is a data request demand, it can be responded
[24].
to immediately, although this will consume a lot of
(2) Difference in safety requirements: database resources, but because the architecture
The C/S architecture is mainly used in small-scale generally has a relatively small number of terminals
enterprises and institutions with high security re- and high real-time performance of the business,
quirements. It has relatively high security require- most of them adopt this method. For example, a
ments for data transmission security, terminal access typical case of C/S architecture often linking is the
server authentication, and user-side filling-in in- banking system business.
formation security. The B/S architecture is mainly
oriented to a wider range of user groups. Although
encrypted transmission can be carried out through 2.2.2. Advantages of B/S and C/S Architecture.
HTTPS protocol and other methods, it has lower Advantages of B/S architecture: (1) Wide range of applica-
requirements for security and higher requirements tions: OS systems with browsers such as Chrome and Firefox
for user experience and ease of use [25]. can access the server-side application part according to
(3) Difference in system operation and maintenance: established specifications, and the server-side application part
can also provide on-demand services anytime, anywhere. (2)
The C/S architecture is more complicated for the
Low operation and maintenance costs: The architecture
system operation and maintenance level. Since its
server-side maintenance or function update client does not
architecture is inseparable as a whole, it is necessary
need to cooperate, so that what you see is what you get is
to update the other end correspondingly to achieve
synchronized. (3) Low R&D cost and high efficiency: The
the interconnection of data transmission on both
TCP/IP protocol suite of the Internet contains many sub-
sides when upgrading and updating on the server
protocols, and the use of these protocols is the basic of B/S
side or the client side. The system operation and
architecture communication [27].
maintenance work of this information system ar-
Advantages of C/S architecture: (1) There is fast re-
chitecture is relatively complicated, and the system
sponse speed. (2) Strong transaction processing capabil-
operation and maintenance cost will be relatively
ities: Application system development with targeted and
higher. The coupling of the B/S architecture is very
dedicated personnel is the main advantage of the C/S ar-
loose. The server end is upgraded and the client end
chitecture, which can be customized very personally for
does not need to be upgraded. The B end of the B/S
users. (3) The interface is highly friendly and can meet the
architecture can use the user’s browser to compete,
unique needs of users. The client software is developed
and the B end of the B/S architecture can be in
completely according to user needs. (4) High security: For
multiple. The system uses a browser to access, the
client-side management and control, the client side can be
operation and maintenance cost of this architecture
accompanied by a security scanning function, and a ded-
is not high, and the operation and maintenance will
icated transmission protocol is used in the transmission
be enhanced day by day [26].
process. The transmission protocol can use either an in-
(4) Differences in interface modes: ternationally accepted encryption protocol or an encryp-
The access mode of the C/S architecture is based on tion method set by yourself to ensure the security of the
the Internet protocol suite, and some special ap- transmitted data. Since the server side of the C/S archi-
plication business requirements are built on the tecture is developed by enterprises and institutions, in-
network layer or data link layer. The application formation leakage caused by backdoors of foreign service
system server will select the most suitable develop- software can be basically eliminated. (5) High data scal-
ment language protocol according to a variety of ability: Most of the C/S architecture systems use large
situations, and the meaning of each byte of data is databases such as Oracle and DB2. This kind of database
clearly regulated. The interface protocol of the B/S has strong data scalability in terms of subdatabase, query,
architecture basically uses the HTTP protocol, and and analysis of massive data. (6) Massive computing power:
the interface method uses the Web-Service interface. Most of the work that consumes server-side system re-
The specifications of its data packets have been sources, such as data calculation and information pro-
clearly stipulated by the international ISO cessing, can be placed on the client side [28].
Mobile Information Systems 5
2.3. Multiple Linear Regression Then the multiple linear regression model can be written
in matrix form:
2.3.1. General Form. Multiple regression analysis is one of
the methods to quantitatively predict the development and W � Xβ + ε. (5)
change of things based on social economic phenomena.
Quantitatively analyze the reasons for growth and the
2.3.2. Least Squares Estimation Method. The least squares
motivation of things, obtain the quantitative relationship
between the variables of things, and then predict their estimation takes the minimum sum of squared errors as the
growth and motivation [29]. Suppose that the predicted condition of the accuracy of the linear regression model; that
object is w and the factor that affects the predicted object is is, for a given linear regression model W � Xβ + ε, the
xi , where i � 1, 2, 3, . . . is the number of influencing factors. variance σ 2 of the random error εi is the smallest; that is, the
influencing factors other than the considered predictive
xi are independent of each other, and you should not choose
factor are minimal, recorded as
too many factors that affect w; otherwise there will be
problems such as multilinearity and heteroscedasticity,
ε � W − Xβ. (6)
which will affect the accuracy of the prediction results. In
order to avoid the collinearity problem in the prediction It is the residual vector of the prediction model; then the
process in advance, the correlation coefficient L can be used residual sum of squares is
to detect the correlation of the independence.
n
ni,j�1,i≠j xi − xxj − x S2E � ε2 , (7)
L � ����������������������������2 . (1) i�1
2
ni�1,i≠j xi − x nj�1,j≠i xj − x
and then
Among them, xi is the selected predictor, the average ′ (W − Xβ)
� W′ W
value is x � ni�1 xi /n, and the general correlation coefficient S2E � ε′ε � (W − Xβ)
(8)
L < 0.3 considers that there is no correlation between the − β′ X′ W − W′ Xβ + β′ X′ Xβ,
predictors; that is, the predictors are independent of each
other. and among them,
After the correct selection of influencing factors, we
assume that there is a linear correlation between the pre- β′ X′ W � β′ X′ W′ � W′ Xβ.
(9)
dictor and the predicted object; that is,
w � f(x1 , x2 , x3 , . . . , xk ) is a linear function, and the Regarding the residual ε as a function of β, due to the
multiple regression model is established as so
nonnegativity of the residual, it can be seen that there is β,
wi � β0 + β1 xi1 + β2 xi2 + · · · + βk xik + εi . (2) that zε′ε/zβ � 0; then there is
������������������
the encapsulation of some general classes, as well as the
n
1 service classes commonly used in the system, providing
S� i 2 .
wi − w (14)
n − k − 1 i�1 transaction control, data query, security control, system
management, and other aspects of interacting data with the
bottom layer of the data. The business logic layer is mainly
Under the condition of a certain significance level α and
for handling various logistics-related business processes. The
degree of freedom f � n − k − 1, if |t| > tα (n − k − 1), it means
business logic layer performs data operations by calling each
that xi has a significant influence on the predicted object; if
package class of the service layer. The presentation layer is
|t| < tα (n − k − 1), it means that xi has an insignificant in-
the layer where the user touches the system and displays the
fluence on the predicted object.
corresponding system functions most intuitively to the user.
User login
Standards Safety
and management
agreements system
Data
Data exchange Data query Data control
processing
service service service
Service layer service
Operating platform
Administrator
Client
Internet
Database server
Router
Web
Firewall application server
Figure 3: The network topology of the logistics system (this picture is borrowed from baidu encyclopedia).
updating the database, you must close the connection and 3.3.2. Database Design. Database design refers to the pro-
close the read and write stream when reading and writing cess of establishing a database that meets business needs
files. (2) A class represents a method, trying to put some after the system implementer has selected specific database
common methods and common constants into the common software. When designing a database, three stages are re-
class. (3) When designing the code, write enough comments quired: conceptual design, logical design, and physical
so that the maintenance personnel can directly understand design.
the specific meaning of the written code and quickly locate
(1) Database conceptual structure design
the code that needs to be modified. (4) The writing of the
code must conform to standardization. If it is a constant, it The database conceptual structure design is a con-
must be static. If the parameter passed by the method it is a ceptual model designed according to the needs of the
static parameter. enterprise. It is an abstract expression of a concrete
8 Mobile Information Systems
Field length
model completed in the conceptual structure design
stage into a data model that can be supported by the
100
selected database management system (DBMS).
100
100
4. Experimental Results and Analysis 100
100
4.1. Database Design Analysis. The conceptual design of the 20
database is only a simple description of the system database 8
design, and it does not describe the system data require-
ments in detail. In the logistics information management 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
system, the database uses SQL Server 2008, and the physical GNDM DKWZ JSDM URL LEVEL
model of the system’s database is shown below. The function IMGURL JSMC GNMC SJDM ID
information of this system is embodied in a tree structure, JSMS GNMS XSSX GNDM
and the subordinate relationship is established in the da-
Figure 4: Schematic diagram of the field length of each field name
tabase mainly through function codes and superior function
of the system module.
codes.
The field length of each field name of the user module is
4.1.1. System Module. The structure of the system function shown in Figure 5:
table is shown in Table 1.
The field length of each field name is shown in Figure 4. 4.2. Summary Analysis of Order Information. The order
For different system users, users are classified and re- information summary is used to record the information of
flected by system roles. A system role is represented as a type each commodity warehousing, including the warehousing
of system user. The system role information mainly includes order number, handler, warehouse, supplier, etc. The length
the code of the role, the name of the role, and so on. The of each field name in the order table structure is shown in
structure of the system role table is shown in Table 2. Figure 6.
In order to distinguish the system operation authority of
different system roles, the relationship between roles and 4.3. Realization of Main Functional Modules
functions is expressed by establishing roles and functions,
which mainly include role codes, function codes, and the 4.3.1. Login Interface. In this interface, users can log in to the
structure of the role function table as shown in Table 3. system. The user can enter the main page of the logistics
management system through the login interface. If the
username or password is incorrect, the system will auto-
4.1.2. User Module. There are different access users in the matically jump to the login interface.
system. In order to distinguish the system users, a user
information table is created in the system to store the user’s 4.3.2. Order Query Interface. In this interface, the user can
login information, including user code, username, user query the specific information of the logistics order
password, etc. The structure of the user information table is according to the query conditions, and the warehouse ad-
shown in Table 4. ministrator can check the corresponding data.
Mobile Information Systems 9
120
30
100
80
20 20
Value
Field length
60
40 11
10 10
20 6 6 6
3 1 1 2 1
0
ID
FYB
TYB
CZ
WT
LXBM
YSW
CDAY
DZT
YHID
DZ
LXP
SL
DATE
LXR
−2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
−20
Serial number
Serial number
length Field length
Figure 5: Schematic diagram of the field length of each field name Figure 6: Schematic diagram of field length of each field name of
of the user module. order information.
The research value of this article is reflected in the Organizacija: Revija Za Management, Informatiko in Kadre,
following: vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 145–160, 2016.
[6] H. J. Li, S. I. Chang, and D. C. Yen, “Investigating CSFs for the
(1) Integrated ERP logistics module improves the re- life cycle of ERP system from the perspective of IT governance,”
sponse speed and accuracy of the system. Computer Standards & Interfaces, vol. 50, pp. 269–279, 2016.
(2) Fully consider adopting modern cost control [7] B. Kirubakaran and M. Ilangkumaran, “Selection of optimum
methods to manage the smooth progress of devel- maintenance strategy based on FAHP integrated with
opment projects and ensure the financial guarantee GRA–TOPSIS,” Annals of Operations Research, vol. 245,
for system development. no. 1-2, pp. 285–313, 2016.
[8] J. Peng, J. Quan, and L. Peng, “It application maturity,
(3) The designed system not only meets the needs of management institutional capability and process manage-
large-scale enterprises, but also suits the needs of ment capability,” Journal of Organizational and End User
small and medium-sized enterprises. The system has Computing, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 61–85, 2019.
a certain degree of versatility. [9] H. J. Wei and C. L. Wei, “Analysis of success factors of in-
(4) Modularization and flexibility are adopted when troducing SAP system for ERP implementation in small and
designing the system. Different companies can midsize enterprises in taiwan,” International Journal of Digital
customize corresponding modules according to their Library Systems, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1–37, 2017.
[10] J. Patalas-Maliszewska and S. Kłos, “The methodology of the
own needs, so as to meet the application require-
S-ERP system employment for small and medium
ments that are in line with actual business needs, and
manufacturing companies,” IFAC-PapersOnLine, vol. 52,
achieve the greatest cost-effectiveness and efficiency. no. 10, pp. 85–90, 2019.
(5) The information sharing between the system and [11] A. Tenhiälä, M. J. Rungtusanatham, and J. W. Miller, “ERP
other ERP systems is fully considered. Information system versus stand-alone enterprise applications in the
sharing is the most difficult and most valuable aspect mitigation of operational glitches,” Decision Sciences, vol. 49,
of designing a system. no. 3, pp. 407–444, 2018.
[12] M. Schwenk, “Die Anmaßung von Wissen oder weshalb
Data Availability Unternehmen mit ERP-Systemen immer wieder in dieselben
Denkfallen tappen,” HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik,
No data were used to support this study. vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 3–8, 2018.
[13] H. Kim, “Investigating the mediating role of social networking
Conflicts of Interest service usage on the big five personality traits and on the job
satisfaction of Korean workers,” Journal of Organizational
All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. and End User Computing, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 110–123, 2019.
[14] A. B. Hajilari, M. Ghadaksaz, and G. S. Fasghandis, “Assessing
Acknowledgments organizational readiness for implementing ERP system using
fuzzy expert system Approach,” International Journal of
This work was supported by Research on the Return Enterprise Information Systems, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 67–85, 2017.
Mechanism of Social Capital Investment Based on PPP [15] W. Peter, “Ohne umwege vom sensor ins ERP-system,”
Model of Pension Service (SK2019A0561) and Research on Konstruktion, vol. 69, no. 5, pp. 44-45, 2017.
the Economic Transformation of Resource-Based Cities in [16] Y. I. Seon-Gyu and J. J. Kim, “An analysis of the importance of
the success factors in implementation stage of ERP system,”
Anhui Province from the Perspective of Regional Economic
Journal of the Korea Society of Computer & Information,
Elasticity (SK2020A0426).
vol. 21, no. 12, pp. 165–171, 2016.
[17] H. Inge, “ERP-system als Lenker des Fertigungsprozesses,”
References Elektrotechnische Zeitschrift: Elektrotechnik + Automation,
[1] I. Kitouni, D. Benmerzoug, and F. Lezzar, “Smart agricultural vol. 137, no. 5, pp. 39–41, 2016.
enterprise system based on integration of Internet of things [18] B. Thomas, “ERP-System Fur Kunststofftechnische Prozesse,”
and agent technology,” Journal of Organizational and End Der Plastverarbeiter, vol. 67, no. 12, pp. 48-49, 2016.
User Computing, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 64–82, 2018. [19] A. Azadeh, M. Zarrin, and N. Salehi, “Supplier selection in
[2] K. Jagoda and P. Samaranayake, “An integrated framework closed loop supply chain by an integrated simulation-Tagu-
for ERP system implementation,” International Journal of chi-DEA approach,” Journal of Enterprise Information
Accounting and Information Management, vol. 25, no. 1, Management, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 302–326, 2016.
pp. 91–109, 2017. [20] M. A. Hossain, M. Quaddus, and N. Islam, “Developing and
[3] L. Fabisiak, “Web service usability analysis based on user validating a model explaining the assimilation process of
preferences,” Journal of Organizational and End User Com- RFID: an empirical study,” Information Systems Frontiers,
puting, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 1–13, 2018. vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 645–663, 2016.
[4] A. Jafarnejad, M. Ansari, H. R. Youshanlouei, and M. Mood, [21] J. R. Muscatello, D. H. Parente, and M. Swinarski, “The impact
“A hybrid MCDM approach for solving the ERP system se- of ERP alignment on logistics costs: a work system theoretical
lection problem with application to steel industry,” Interna- approach,” International Journal of Enterprise Information
tional Journal of Enterprise Information Systems, vol. 8, no. 3, Systems, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 1–17, 2016.
pp. 54–73, 2017. [22] Z. Liu, “Management of commercial assets in universities in
[5] A. Jenko and M. Roblek, “A primary human critical success the information age,” International Core Journal of Engi-
factors model for the ERP system implementation,” neering, vol. 5, no. 9, pp. 198–202, 2019.
Mobile Information Systems 11