Thesis Ssss
Thesis Ssss
Thesis Ssss
A Capstone Project
In Partial Fulfillment
MIKAELA A. TANO
JEROME A. QUITORAS
SHAINE R. VILLORIA
SEAN Y. YADAO
2023
ii
CERTIFICATION
This capstone project entitled “ALREX Driving School Online Booking System”
prepared and submitted by Mikaela A. Tano, Jerome A. Quitoras, Shaine R. Viloria and
Sean Y. Yadao, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of
Science in Information Technology, has been examined and is recommended for Oral
Defense.
APPROVAL SHEET
_____________.
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researches would like to extend their sincerest thanks and gratitude to the
Mr. Fernandino S. Perilla, Chairman of the Defense Panel, for this constructive
Mr. Daryl V. Buen and Mr. Ferino Gem R. Madriaga, the Defense Panel
Mrs. Honey Girl A. Avo, their thesis adviser who help in the revisions and editing
the manuscript;
Mr. Daryl V. Buen, their class adviser, for the guidance and concerns in the
Mr. Ruben P. Marzan, Chief of Operation in ALREX Driving School, for his
in gathering data;
To their parents, relatives, classmates, friends and special someone who have
To all those who in one way or another have found time to lead their helping hands
Most of all to Heavenly Father, for the life, strength, courage, wisdom, and good
M.A.T
J.A.Q
S.R.V
S.Y.Y
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DEDICATION
first of all to the Almighty Father who is the source of all knowledge and strength.
To my loving and supportive siblings, Ate Che, Kuya Jem, Kuya Ron and Seb.
To my loving, caring and human diary best friends JMNR, my love one JSB.
To all my professors, classmates, friends and all the people out there
-Mikay-
vii
DEDICATION
My loving parents,
My friends;
-Jome-
viii
DEDICATION
whom I've gained my strength while doing this thesis, as well as to my siblings.
and adviser of this thesis who extended their help amidst problems
while doing this study. And above all the Almighty God,
-Sheyn-
ix
DEDICATION
To my group mates who gave their best from the start until now.
-Seano-
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(1 double space)
Page
PRELIMINARIES
Certification ................................................................................................................. ii
Acknowledgment ......................................................................................................... iv
Dedication .................................................................................................................... v
Abstract ........................................................................................................................ xv
CHAPTER
I THE PROBLEM
Introduction .......................................................................................... 1
Mission ................................................................................................. 6
Vision ................................................................................................... 6
Methodology ........................................................................................ 34
Findings ................................................................................................
Conclusions ..........................................................................................
Recommendations ................................................................................
REFERENCES ........................................................................................................... 64
APPENDICES
LIST OF TABLES
(1 double space)
LIST OF FIGURES
(1 double space)
ABSTRACT
Online booking system is a web-based sytem that enables users to book online..
This study aimed to develop an Online online booking system for ALREX Driving School.
Specifically, this study aimed to determine the problems met in manual booking. The
researchers used the agile model as a methodology. The agile model has a six (6) phases:
Planning, Design, Develop, Test, Deploy, Review.
The implementation of the system would change and improve the manual process of
reservation and inventory.
Keywords: ALREX Driving School, web-based online booking system, Agile model.
1
Chapter I
THE PROBLEM
Introduction
is evolving fast and people rely on the simple touch and clicks on devices. The world of
systems can be discovered and understood by simply looking through screens and monitors
Nowadays, as part of their daily routine, people update themselves to the recent
happenings in the community through different social media platforms and software
applications that always connect everyone whenever or wherever. Many students want to
Having a web system is not merely an idea, but it should be swiftly implemented. Recently,
the researchers have decided to change their booking pattern from a manual to a web-based
system. It will help them manage the customers' booking easily and also to keep the
customers' data safer. With this online booking system, they will be able to give better
When it comes to using technology to make life and work easier and more pleasant
in any way possible, it is thought of as our best friend. Despite the disadvantages
technology can give us, human beings are not bothered. Instead, we tend to create more
technological inventions and innovations that can satisfy our needs and even our
curiosities. The advancement of technology has had a significant impact on society. Before
the development of the most recent technologies, life was challenging and occupied far too
2
much of our time with routine tasks. Technologies, which are crucial to human life, offer
a wealth of opportunities. The latest technology has made it easier to access education,
transforming society with digital technologies. The Philippines fell by seven (7) notches to
61st out of 64 in the 2022 edition of most technologically advanced countries (International
Magazine Global Finance, 2022). The report ranks a country’s technological strength
across four (4) metrics: internet users as a percentage of a country’s population, LTE users
competitiveness score and share of a country’s research and development spending on its
economic output. Among the Eleven (11) East and Southeast Asia countries included in
the report, the Philippines ranked second lowest, ahead only of Mongolia.
The usage of online platforms is increasing in the everyday life of most Filipinos.
For instance, when scheduling a driving lesson, most students use a phone call to reach a
driving school and reserve a slot for a lecture. This way of communication is difficult as
researchers made a Booking System for School Driving Online wherein it can accept
bookings made online. Through this system, driving school owners will also manage their
business easily, wherein booking details are on a single place schedule as well as payment
driving, because driving a vehicle is a large responsibility. However, there are ways you
can ensure your safety and be worry free on the road. Traffic accidents statistics have
3
shown that more than 80% are mainly caused by human operational mistakes such as
inattention, misbehavior and distraction (Yang Xing ET AL, 2020). If only drivers received
proper training and road safety education, vehicular accidents would significantly be
reduced. Well-trained drivers can make the road safe for everyone. Aside from that, they
also make good value for business and organizations alike. Having up-to-date knowledge
of road safety can help prevent the dangers of the road and save business from damage and
liabilities. While you can’t stop a vehicular accident from happening, driving lessons can
make them less likely to happen. This is one main reasons why one wants to enroll in a
driving school.
Road accidents, as some drivers do not follow traffic laws and regulations. That is
why driving school is needed to reduce them. There are numerous cases where some young
people tend to forget the real deal about driving. The Land Transportation Office (LTO)
data from January to August 2022 showed that they responded to about 402 road crash
incidents, where 353 of the drivers involved tested positive for alcohol intoxication. These
incidents led to 15 deaths and 232 people sustaining physical injuries (INQUIRER.NET,
2022). The Department of Health tags road accidents as one of the leading causes of death
among children, overpowering other deadly diseases, including dengue. In fact, in Metro
Manila alone, about two children die daily due to road accidents. In relation to that,
according to the car accidents Philippines report from the Metro Manila Accident
Reporting and Analysis System, there were 394 fatalities (both adults and children) due to
road-related accidents in the Metro. In totality, there were 14,553 road accidents and
individuals per day. In fact, according to data released by the World Health Organization
(WHO), there were 1.35M lives taken due to road accidents in 2018.
Tolentino et al. (2021), stated that the online reservation system can give ease and
give convenience to the customer. According to Lenoir (2019), one of the main reasons
why these kinds of services that accept reservations should have an online reservation
potential customer to book and pay for a service directly through a website. As early as
1964, IBM built PANAMAC for Pan American, which offered flight and hotel
reservations. Moreover, Omnify (2020), defines that people can manage bookings for their
enables all types of service organizations to accept bookings and appointments online and
easily manage their phone and in-person bookings, whether they operate a pool, fitness
centre, gym, yoga studio, concerts, or parks and recreation facilities. For all types of
organizations, online booking systems are improving both current and future bookings.
Today, operating a business is safer, simpler, and more affordable than ever.
On the other hand, Padua (2016), created an online reservation system which is
mainly used by Boracay Grand Vista Resort and Spa in the Philippines. It includes the
supervising of the schedule, reserving facilities and rooms, guest information and
confirmation of the guests if they are sure to reserve some rooms. Customers do not need
An online reservation system simply means that a person with access to the internet
industries find themselves needing to employ internet services. For that reason, many
5
individuals find online reservations to be advantageous and helpful at a time when society
is experiencing a significant increase in the demand for, accessibility of, and development
This proposed system, Online Booking System, helps the customer easily book a
reservation suitable for their likes and needs. It enables the user or customer not to go to
the location to book a reservation. Instead, the customer would go to the website and make
a reservation as fast as possible. The system takes advantage, especially of those busy
people who cannot attend a meet-up with the business owner. The proposed system assists
the user until the end of the process. In addition, the system helps the owner and staff to
This system is designed for a driving school to help them manage the information
of students and their enrolment in the school. It will also have a similar system for the car
instructions for their cars and timetable management. The main function of this application
is to manage the driving training schools’ resources. Driving School Online Booking
System is an online application which can be accessed throughout the organization and
outside the organization with proper login provided. The system can also be configured to
have a defined number of logins for every user as per their role in the company.
ALREX Driving school is an LTO accredited driving school with four (4) branches
located at Batac Ilocos Norte, Candon Ilocos Sur, San Ildefonso Ilocos Sur and Quezon
City. ALREX caters to more or less Five Thousand (5,000) customers monthly.
6
This study was focused on creating an online booking system for ALREX Driving
School to provide assistance with transacting with customers and incoming students.
Business transactions and tasks were made possible online through the internet. Customers
will no longer move from their location and, with just a few clicks on their mobile devices,
it will be enough to get a schedule where and when they desire. And booking can now be
done conveniently nowadays to avoid the hassle of transportation and save a lot of time to
Through an online booking system, both driving school and the customer are
benefited. As such, the researchers conducted a study on the development of online driving
schools to improve the manual system of ALREX Driving School. Through this system,
Vision
A learning institution that produces good quality drivers where road safety is the
priority.
Mission
Educate drivers to follow the laws, rules and regulations governing the use of motor
vehicles as a means of land transport. Train and inculcate driver’s awareness of road safety
.
Figure 1
Organizational Chart
7
8
The ALREX Driving School is headed by Efren A. Rafanan Sr. as the Chief
Executive officer. It is divided into two divisions which are the administrative and
instructors, Romeo Acena, Frankie Q. Frio. From Batac branch, Joselito S. De Leon,
Geremiah Adarne, Jose C. Dela Cruz. From Candon Branch, Edison Labiano and Ishi
Glenn Belmonte. San Ildefonso branch, Paul Joseph Medina and Jaylord Retialo. Next is
the Chief Administrative Officer, Anne Lyn Marzan. Next is the Administrative Secretary,
Admins, Rodel Mitra in San Ildefonso branch, Noel M. Bagaoisan Jr. in Batac branch and
Mark Clinton T. Abat in Cancdon Branch. Next are the Cashiers, April Rose Peralta in
Batac Branch and Ashley T. Mitra in Candon branch. Next are the messengers Efren R.
Figure 2
Research Locale
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Statement of objectives
The study entitled ALREX Driving School Online Booking System was conducted to
develop an Online Booking System of ALREX Driving School that will enable them to
a. Students Record;
b. Booking; and
c. Receipt
3. Develop the Online Booking System of ALREX Driving School using Agile
Model.
4. Determine the level of usability of the proposed appointment system using ISO
a. Function suitability
b. Performance Efficiency
c. Reliability
d. Security
e. Accessibility
f. Maintainability
This study aims to use the online booking system of ALREX Driving School. The owners
who will benefit by the automation of the system are the Driving School owner, and the
applicants.
Owner.
It is necessary to say that the owner is not very aware each time a booking transaction is
made.
Client.
The customer can book online. They will just have to fill out the necessary information and
choose a course. And then they will wait for the confirmation that will be sent by the
Researcher.
This study helped the researcher to enhance their skills about programming that they can
use in their future. Also, they learned how to get their feet together with others and believe
in themselves.
Future Researcher.
This study helps future researchers, as it can serve as a basis for developing systems that
The study aims to develop an Online Booking System for ALREX Driving School.
The system covers the processes involved in making online booking in the driving school
12
that deals with acquiring the clients' booking information. The company will have their
own website that is user-friendly wherein customers easily book a driving course.
device, either a computer, laptop, android phone, iPhone and any devices.
This booking system allows all the customers at ALREX driving school. This
system accepts customers located within San Ildefonso, Ilocos Sur. This study mainly
focused on the current online booking systems: accuracy, efficiency, convenience, and
improvement. The client can receive a confirmation through email. The mode of payment
The system, however, does not require the user to register or log in. This will allow
the user to book easily without hassle and quickly access the reservation.
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Chapter II
This chapter is about studies and literature that are related to the online system
where the proponents make use of different reading materials (such as thesis, articles, and
other web articles) that will help extend the knowledge of the proponents. These reading
materials will also guide the proponents to improve and develop their proposed system
more effectively.
Problems Encountered
Student Record
Nowadays, the event industry has played a vital role in our society. People have
come up with a lot of occasions for organizing events such as educational events, birthdays,
international conferences, company parties etc. However, in order to organize a good and
successful event, it requires a thorough and detailed planning process. It takes more effort
and physical space to keep track of paper documents, to find information and to keep details
secure. When mistakes are made or changes or corrections are needed, often a manual
transaction must be completely redone rather than just updated. With manual or partially
automated systems information often has to be written down and copied or entered more
than once. Systemization can reduce the amount of duplication of data entry. (Andrew,
2018)
In line of the research of Asenova (2018), you will have to rely on phone calls and
walk-ins only to make reservations without an online booking system. An online booking
platform is а necessity.
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documents can quickly get into the wrong hands. The organization's secret or classified
information is unsafe. If you lose them somewhere, there is no chance of getting them back
(Kumar, 2017).
correct in all details of their work at all times the problem being that people aren’t perfect,
however much each of us wishes we were. And it takes more effort and physical space to
keep track of paper documents, to find information and to keep details secure. When
mistakes are made or changes or corrections are needed, often a manual transaction must
be completely redone rather than just updated. With manual or partially automated systems
information often has to be written down and copied or entered more than once.
In accordance with Breitmeyer (2018), the four advantages of a manual system are
inconsistency in data entry, room for errors, miskeying information, and considerable
ongoing staff training cost. The system depends on good individuals, reduced sharing of
information and customer services, time-consuming and costly to produce reports, lack of
Managing manually takes a lot of effort and time. It is difficult to handle each and
every document and store them safely. Transporting or carrying out documents at several
locations is just as important as security. It requires physical effort to handle and carry the
documents. However, it is far more difficult to make changes if they are using an IT tool
because they can travel with years' worth of data with just an eraser-sized pen.
15
Manual listing is also a problem of event services because it is hard to make changes
if the original copy was already destroyed and they did not make any copy of it. This
means the editing process is more time consuming and costly than if they were working
Booking
contains the lists of all the records from customers for future use. It provides permanent
information of a business and it assists business owners on improving marketing and sales
and provides accurate results. This system also secures all the transactions for booking
Medel (2015), stated that a manual information system does not use computerized
information would be recorded and stored in various formats, such as files. Data would be
stored on various computer programs such as databases, Word documents, and Excel in a
Information and Reservation for MB Dream Resort and Function Hall”. The usage of
Internet websites and online reservation systems, which have so far dominated modern
competitive advantage. But if just the websites have good design, the potential competitive
The primary advantage here is that, unlike a manual system they have to slave over to keep
clients. In other words, it automates a lot of the things they’re doing by hand, things that
are taking up their time, and things that can really screw up their process if they make an
error. Using an online reservation system is an excellent way to reduce costs, improve user
experience, and speed up the processes, and with solutions getting easier and easier to use,
there are a few remaining reasons to continue avoiding using one of these systems.
or its duly accredited driving schools for at least 15 hours and shall be completed within
two years from the start of the course.” There are two different types of certificates: one
for the Theoretical Driving Course (TDC) and the other for the Practical Driving
Course (PDC). Either type must be electronically transmitted to the LTO-IT System upon
issuance. The TDC certificates will be required from applicants applying for new student-
driver permits, including foreigners as well as those with expired permits. Meanwhile,
PDC certificates will be required from individuals applying for a new driver’s license,
August 3 onwards. To acquire these PDC certificates, license holders must complete at
MDTI is one of the best travel and tours Company in the Philippines. MDTI was
established in 1975 due to lack of tourist industry here in the Philippines. Located in the
\Makati Business District as their head office, MDTI operates all over the country.
MDTI are served to give quality services and products to the customers. Keeping
their moral, professional, ethical standards in their operations, making great leadership in
the business travel industry and honesty as they could meet the customer needs. The system
will allow clients to look for the available services of the company with the use of online
reservation.
paper works. Nowadays internet and computer have big parts in their daily lives because it
makes their work faster. The clients could also save their time and effort by booking online.
Lan – Based Reservation System for Hacienda Gracia Resort and Hotel. A resort is
a place used for relaxation or recreation, where visitors are being attracted to take their
that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis. Hacienda Gracia Resort and Hotels had
developed a system application to better serve resort or hotel guests because some hotels
and resorts are becoming fully automated while others are still striving for the similar
18
setting. It is a LAN-based Reservation with Billing system that improved its reservation
and billing system. The advent of new technology gave rise to easy and hassle-free
interaction between and among humans. This is why most hotels and resorts prefer to
The Boracay Grand Vista Resort and Spa has an online reservation system. It
includes the supervising of schedule, reserving facilities and rooms, guest information and
confirmation of the guests if they are sure to reserve some rooms. Customers do not need
Similarities of the proposed system includes reserving of the facilities and rooms
in the resort. Unlike the proposed system, the customer is required to make an account in
order to make a reservation or cancel a reservation. Making an account will help the
company to make sure that the customer’s personal information is secured and the company
This hotel has an online reservation system that checks if the customer has an
existing reservation. The customer has a confirmation code to enter if they have already a
The proponents’ system also has a database which can check if the customer already
has an existing account. And making an account will help the customer to cancel or
Management
According to Glenda Acorda Delizo and Mischelle Asi Esguerra (July 2013) this
study was to design and develop an online reservation system that will be used by the
simulation purposes. With the system, the students will be able to experience the real
scenario for the jobs related to the hotel reservation and management. Online Hotel
Reservation for the College of International Hospitality Management serves as a tool for
the faculty members to teach their students the basic operations of hotel reservation. It also
serves as an aid for the students since the system will provide additional knowledge and
skills on how to operate an online hotel reservation system which is the trend on most hotel
businesses. For security purposes, the system required a username and password assigned
to each account. A system administrator monitored and supervised the creation of student
Hotel CRS
According to Mathew (2013) hotel CRS stands for Hotel Central Reservation
System and is commonly used in resort and hotel industry. CRS is a computerized system
that revolves around storage and distribution of information concerning resorts, hotels and
host lodging facilities. CRS as a tool is used to reach global distribution system or GDS
along with internet distribution system from a single point system. Hotel managers use this
tool to manage their online sales and marketing avenues. Information includes room types,
graphical information in the form of video, pictures and detailed hotel information like
application where Windhoek residents will be able to make reservations online in the
comfort of their homes with the driving schools which are located near them. Hence, the
importance of this system is to help users view and make appointments with driving
schools, help users see the locations where the driving school practice on google maps,
helps the users to view what type of car will be used and the prices and discounts the
different driving schools offer. The system will be able to add or delete driving schools and
specific driving schools can edit their profiles. The system will also help driving schools
accessible by everyone, the regular businesses are opting to undergo digital transformation
to vary the way they operate to deliver more value to the customer. Driving training school
Automation of the manual process manages the waste of human power and money by
utilizing the resources effectively. Most of the automated systems contain only the
registration and viewing of some records within the system. This study includes automated
scheduling, vehicle tracking, learning portal with an online payment facility with feature-
In line with Arundhati Dutta, Pallavi Sharma, Sayan Basu and Soumeet Basak
(2019) developed a system that increased efficiency and reduce the time and hassle of
customers trying to book cabs to their destinations. Cab Booking System is an e-commerce
venture that has the potentiality to generate huge revenue. The system is a web-based
mobile application where customer need to register and secure UserID. After credentials
were generated by the Cab Booking System, the user can book a ride where the fare from
the pick-up point to the destination point has been calculated based on the approved matrix.
The driver then can accept the booking of the customer and has the access to end the ride.
Payment may be in the form of cash or electronic transfer. The relevance of this system to
the current study is web-based application. As well as the information or data being
Development of an Online Reservation and Monitoring System for the use of TWC
Development of an Online Reservation and Monitoring System for the Use of TWC
Dormitory, Function Rooms and Vehicles increased the efficiency and timeliness of
services and improve the business process of the TWC. The development of the System
involves studying the reservation, occupancy and use monitoring needs, current business
processes and systems design in place at the TWC, and develop a system that increases and
improves the business process of the organization. At the end of the study, the most
appropriate, efficient, and useful system should be in place for TWC to manage its
reservations, occupancy and usage of facilities. In conducting this action research, the
22
research team employed desk review and use of available secondary data, one-on-one
observation method. The sponsors, the systems designer and implementer, process owners,
and the users were consulted and involved in determining the system design. The data
content was analyzed, existing policies were reviewed, the results were contextualized
based on the stakeholders and gender, and SWOT and risk analysis were conducted over
the course of the study. The study found that there was a need to capture what the business
user needs to do and what the software needs to do to support the business user. In
designing the technical details and design of the system, some of the issues that surfaced
were the lack of technologies to provide better benchmarking for the process/system, the
lack of dedicated personnel to oversee the research and development of the system, and the
need for process owners to be more involved in developing the system, among others. In
conclusion, the critical factors needed to ensure the success of the TWC systems approach
are the presence of: drivers of reform from without and within the organization, an overall
vision and strategy, the ability to manage a project effectively, effective change
infrastructure.
Its relevance to the current study is the objective to improve efficiency, timeliness
According to Juuso Kujanpaa (2015), the purpose of his study was to develop a
new browser-based online booking system for the Turku University Applied Sciences
Cisco Laboratory. The new system was needed because the current system was outdated
23
and system functionalities and user interface requirements needed to be updated. The
development for the new system was started with a new list of requirements from the
laboratory staff and taking into consideration the basic idea from the current system. The
objectives were to improve the usability and the security of the system. PHP5 and MySQ
were used as development tools for the server side development and Twitter Bootstrap
front-end framework including HTML, Javascipt and CSS for the browser side. Relevance
to the current study is that both concentrates on how to develop a booking system for a
specific situation and how to achieve the best results on front and back-end of the business.
Receipt
According to M.R. Condino, A.M. Cuevas, G. De Leon (March 2013), the mode of
payment of the system is through credit card where 50% deposit is required for every
reservation made. The informations are stored in the database that is why the system can
be used to retrieve data and display available rooms for reservations. The proposed system
is similar to Online Billing and Reservations System because it will also have database
Evaluation of the proposed system using ISO 25010 Software Evaluation Tool
ISO 2510 (2011) The quality model is the cornerstone of a product quality
evaluation system. The quality model determines which quality characteristics will be
In this study, the researchers only used four (4) characteristics to evaluate the online
functions that meet the stated and implied needs. The sub-characteristics include
Functional Completeness, which refers to the set of functions covering all the specified
tasks and user objectives. Functional Correctness refers to how well a product or system
relative to the number of resources used under stated conditions. This characteristic is
composed of the following sub characteristic; Time behavior process times and through
put rates of a system when performing its functions, Resource utilization used by a system
system component that can meet your needs for Reliability. A system that is functioning is
Security is the degree to which a system protects information and data so that
persons or other products or systems have the degree of data access appropriate to their
refers to ensuring that data are accessible only to those authorized to have access.
Booking and reservation system refers to the act of registering the names and other
Admin. It refers to a person who will going to manage the system or organizing.
Computer. An electronic device used for performing high-speed arithmetic and logical
operations.
Data. Refers to the facts needed by the computer system in order to process and output
necessary information. It refers to the details that is from the suppliers, events, and clients.
Database. A structured set of data held in a computer, especially one that is accessible in
various ways.
Driving School. Any establishment operated for the purpose of instructing persons to
operate a motor vehicle or for preparing any person for any examination for a Driver’s
License.
IPO. Represents a system in three stages: input, process and output. Inputs are modeled as
consumables and efforts that are introduced to a system at the beginning stage of the
lifecycle.
26
HIPO. (Hierarchical Input Process Output) is used to present the system's structure in a
HTML. Hyper Text Markup Language HTML is the lingua franca for publishing hypertext
on the World Wide Web. It is a non-proprietary format based upon SGML and can be
created and processed by a wide range of tools, from simple plain text editors.
ISO 25010:2011. It is a model composed of five characteristics (some of which are further
subdivided into sub characteristics) that relate to the outcome of interaction when a product
is used in a particular context of use. This system model is applicable to the complete
human-computer system, including both computer systems in use and software products in
use.
Login. It refers to a username and password that allows a person to log in to a computer
Online. It is activated and ready for operation, capable of communicating with or being
controlled by a computer.
Online booking. An online booking system is a software solution that allows potential
guests to self-book and pay through your website. Is developed to manage the operational
Online transactions. Is a payment method in which the transfer of fund or money happens
PHP. (An acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a programming language that
allows web developers to create dynamic content that interacts with databases.
delivery has been made. The act of receiving or fact of being received.
Reservation. This refers to an agreement to keep something for someone or for a specific
reason.
System. A complete installation including peripherals, such as disk drive, monitor and
printer which all the components are designed to work with each other. It refers to a set of
method.
scientific knowledge.
Use Case. Diagrams that are most common type of system/software requirements for
Website. It is a group of files that can be accessed via a web address, covering a specific
Methodology
The researchers used developmental research design to conduct the study. The
function of a research design is to ensure that the evidence obtained enables you to
developing, and evaluating instructional programs, processes, and products that must meet
internal consistency and effectiveness criteria (Richey, 2015). In determining the problems
encountered in the current system, the researchers conducted an assessment through survey
and interview.
The participants in this study consisted of five (5) clients from Driving School, four
In this study, the researcher utilized Agile Methodology. It is classical model used
in system development life cycle to create a system with a scrum method. Agile scrum
consists of two to four work sprint is to build the most important features first and come
breaking it down into several stages, each of which allows for consistent collaboration with
and his team at Easel Corporation created the Scrum process to be used in software
development processes by combining the concepts of the 1986 article with the concepts of
29
Agile methodology is adaptable, fast, flexible, and effective agile framework that
is designed to deliver value to the costumer throughout the development of the project. The
development starts from a general idea of what needs to be built, elaborating a list of
characteristics ordered by priority that the owner of the products want to obtain.
System of ALREX Driving School. The researcher found that the Scrum Methodology is
based on a set of very defined practices and roles that must be involved during the software
development process. So, project managers should choose elements of the Scrum project
management methodology and other methods/tools together for the specific project. Since
Scrum is a more defined project management methodology in terms of tools and processes,
it is often easier to adopt from day one with less initial invention and customization.
30
Figure 3.
easy to understand and use. Every phrase contains a feedback path to its previous phase,
this is simple to make changes or any modifications at any phase, and this model is suitable
Requirement Analysis
All possible requirements of the system to be developed were captured in this phase
The owner and staff of ALREX Driving School were interviewed by the
researchers, who also acquired information about the operation of their existing system and
the services they provide to their students. Additionally, sample forms that are employed
Design
The requirements specification from the first phase is studied in this phase and
system design is prepared. System Design helps in specifying hardware and system
requirements and also helps defining the overall architecture of the system. (Doll, 2011)
Through the design of the system interface, the researcher began to incorporate the
needs and date obtained into their proposed system. Different software and system models
were applied. The researchers planned and searched for improved design, such as the
system’s color and theme. The researchers created a system that is simple for user to use
A Functional Requirement (FR) describes the service that the software must
than the software system's inputs, behavior, and outputs. It can be a calculation, data
manipulation, business process, user interaction, or any other specific functionality that
They evaluate the software system based on its responsiveness, usability, security,
portability, and other non-functional standards that are critical to its success. (Martin, 2022)
Construction
With inputs from the System Design, the system was first developed in small
programs called units which were integrated in the next phase. Each unit was developed
and tested for functionality which is referred to as Unit Testing. The programmers started
32
to work on the coding of the program, from the system interface design to the back end of
The relational database management system SQL Server 2016 was utilized by the
researchers to add, remove and edit data in the database. The programmer made use of
Microsoft Visual Studio 2019, also known as Vb.net and C# Windows, which isan
integrated development environment (IDE) for creating software for the Windows
operating system family as well as for creating websites, web apps and services.
Integration
All the units developed in the implementation were integrated into the system after
using of each unit. Post integration the entire system was tested for any faults and failures
(Doll, 2011).
The researchers will show the system to the defense panel’s chair and members
once it is complete. A few employees and staff members of ALREX Driving School will
also be shown the proposed method so they can test it and see if it works
When the system is ready, the researchers will present it to the chair and members
of the defense panel. The propose system will also be presented to some personnel and
staff of St. William's Institute Clinic to test and check if the system is working and if it met
The system will be evaluated using ISO 25010 along accessibility which refers to
how well a product or system may be used with the most diverse set of features and
capabilities. Reliability which refers to how well a system, product, or component works
under certain situations. user-friendliness refers to system which describe as well designed
33
and easy to use. Usefulness refers to the effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction with
which a product or system can be used to fulfill specific goals. Completeness refers to the
set of functions that encompasses all of the defined tasks and user goals and user error
protection refers to how successfully a system safeguards users from making mistakes.
ISO 25010 describes the models, which are made up of characteristics and sub-
characteristics, for both software product quality and software quality in use, as well as
The following norm will be used to determine the mean rating of the system.
Table 1
Scale of Level Acceptability Test Result Interpretation
5 Excellent
4 Very good
3 Good
2 Poor
1 Needs Improvement
Testing and debugging using agile method come with many challenges which
involves experimenting and trying new ideas. It is easy to lose sight of the overall goal:
process, test automation, and limited manual and functionally testing. After integration,
developers will check for bugs and errors they may have run into. The system will be fix,
tested, and checked for remaining problems by the researchers once the procedure is
Installation
Once the functional and non-functional testing is done, the product is ready for
deployment in the customer environment or release into the market. (Doll, 2011).
Following testing, the researchers will be prepared to deploy the system at the
Maintenance
Maintenance is expected to deliver changes and maintain the quality of the system
In order to improve the system for a better version, the researchers would fix any
Chapter III
One of the benefits of online booking system is that it allows customers to place
their booking to a time that is most convenient to them. If you think about it, customers are
much more likely to make a booking in the evening, as unlike when they are at work, they
will have more time to surf the internet at their leisure. Offer your customers an online
booking system that is always open for business and you stand the best chance at
Using online booking system will also help you to plan your resources more
effectively. For example, if you manage a business, the online booking system will be able
to tell you how many bookings you have and how many people you need to cater for. This
will make scheduling staff far easier, as you will be able to work out how many people you
need on that business. Better planning of resources will prevent time delays through staff
There are many ways a business can benefit from investing in an online booking
system. Not only will bespoke booking software increase their number of appointments
36
and help to generate a higher profit, but it will also help with scheduling, allowing for the
requirements, were formulated based on the analysis of the problems met in the developed
system. In order to identify and inform users about how our system will function, we
employ both functional and non-functional criteria. To better comprehend the functional
and non-functional requirements, the defined functionalities of our system and their
descriptions are listed below. The features that you will notice inside our system are those
that are specifically required and are listed below. The explanation provided by the head
of ISESA served as the researchers' starting point for potential scenarios that they
project, the researchers were able to determine the functions that they require to carry out
what is planned.
Table 2 presents the functional requirements and Table 4 shows the non-functional
Table 2
Table 3
Non-functional Requirements of the Developed System
Non-functional Description
Functional Suitability A software development that is fit for
the needs and requirements of the
users. By means of the Functional
Suitability certification, software
development companies can prove
that their products meet the
requirements of their clients and
users, and in turn, clients have the
assurance that the website they
acquire are complete and correct
functionally.
38
SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
In order to achieve the objectives of coming up with the Online Booking System of
ALREX Driving School, the investigation about the workability of the system is necessary
and need to be carried out. This will equip the researcher with the relevant materials and
knowledge on how to carry out the implementation. Its main functionalities are illustrated
in the Figure 2. Use Case Diagram, Figure 3. Entity Diagram, and Figure 4. Activity
Diagram.
40
together. It shows how they are interacting and their overall function in the system. Thus,
allowing designers and planners to see what is going on behind the scenes. As user, you
need to log in or register first before choosing the courses and view the course you pick.
Then apply for booking, here you can choose your date and time, and you can also manage
your booking by cancelling or updating/adjusting. After this you need to wait for the
confirmation of your booking, and the final confirmation. As admin, he/she manage
courses and also can view the student conformation. Update and manage the instructor
availability, and manage the booking and inform the student or set reminders to the student.
ACTIVITY DIAGRAM
The entity relationship diagram (ERD) above shows the relationship of seven
(7) tables, the user can create bookings and set the schedule. The admin manages the
50
bookings with the instructor. The booking includes a receipt after the user finished
creating bookings.
DATA DICTIONARY
A
ADMIN_ID {legal_character}
ADDRESS {legal character}
AGE {legal_number}
AMOUNT {legal_character}
C
COURSE {legal_character}
CONTACT NO. {legal_number}
D
DATE {legal number}
E
EMAIL {legal_character}{legal_number}
F
FIRSTNAME {legal_character}
L
51
LASTNAME {legal_character}
Legal_Character [a..z/A..Z/./,/-]
M
MIDDLENAME {legal_character}
P
PASSWORD {legal_character}{legal_number}
T
TIME current time
U
USERNAME {legal_character}+{legal_number}
Y
Yyyy {legal_number}
Legend
{} – repetition of character and number
[] – choices are included in the data range
52
Table 5
Data Structure of user_tbl
Table 1a
Sample Record of user_tbl
id fname mname lname suffix
Continued…
Continued…
Table 2
Data Structure of ins_addinfo
Table 2a
Sample Record of Instructor
id fname lname license spec
Continued…
Continued…
saturday sunday active
54
Table 3
Data Structure of ins_accsched
Table 3a
Sample Record of ins_accsched
Table 4
Data Structure of bookusers
isAdmin Int 2
Table 4a
Sample Record of bookusers
Continued…
Continued…
Table 5
Data Structure of bookdate
Table 6
Data Structure of Receipt
Table 6a
Sample Record of Receipt
Receipt_id Ins_id Bookusers_id Bookdate_id
Figure 13.
Input Process Output
Student ADD
New Student
Information Student
Information
UPDATE Updated
Student
Student Student
Information
Information Information
333
B. Booking Information
New Student
Booking ADD
Booking
Details Booking
2. UPDATE Booking
Booking UPDATED
UPDATE
Information Booking
Booking
C. Course Information
UPDATED
Booking UPDATE
Booking
Information Booking
58
Figure 14
Hierarchical Input Process Output for Admin
Figure 14 shows the Hierarchical Input Process Output for Admin. The admin needs
to Register to access the system. The admin can access modules such as schedule, manage
course, manage Instructors, Receipt and Log out. In schedule, the admin can view schedule
and remind students for confirmed appointments. In manage corse, the admin can view
student information and set a reminder to students. The admin can also view available
instructors and add new instructor in manage instructor. Under the receipt module, the
Figure 15
Hierarchical Input Process Output for Student
Figure 15 shows the Hierarchical Input Process Output for Student. The student
needs to register first before logging in to access the system. The student can access
modules such as schedule, book an appointment, receipt and log out. In schedule, the
student can view available schedule and add schedule for appointments. In book an
appointment, the student can view course, choose courses, and choose course and manage
booking. Under the receipt module, the student can view print.
60
Figure 16
Hierarchical Input Process Output for Instructor
Figure 16 shows the Hierarchical Input Process Output for Instructor. The instructor
needs log-in in to access the system. The instructor can access modules such as schedule.
61
References
62
https://ir.kiu.ac.ug/bitstream/20.500.12306/8070/1/img-0207%20-IT.pdf
https://www.bookeo.com/news/2017/08/growing-impact-online-reservation-systems/
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/what-7-disadvantages-manual-system-richard-
breitmeyer
https://www.perforce.com/blog/qac/what-is-iso-25010#fun
https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4119&context=etd-project
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275097517_DOCUMENTATION_OF_ONLIN
E_BOOKING_SYSTEM
https://nairaproject.com/projects/4998-design-and-implementation-of-an-online-driving-
school-management-system-a-case-study-of-aa-driving-school-uyo.html
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324987630_ONLINE_HOTEL_RESERVATIO
N_AND_MANAGEMENT_SYSTEM_FOR_THE_COLLEGE_OF_INTERNATIONAL
_TOURISM_AND_HOSPITALITY_MANAGEMENT_CITHM
https://www.docsity.com/en/booking-and-management-system-for-driving-
schools/5783684/
https://www.academia.edu/23715001/CHAPTER_2_REVIEW_OF_RELATED_LITER
ATURE_AND_STUDIES_Online_Billing_and_Reservation_System
https://www.bworldonline.com/infographics/2022/05/30/451342/philippines-lags-in-
national-technological-strength-list/?amp
63
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1660980/lto-sounds-alarm-after-15-killed-to-road-accidents-
due-to-drunk-driving-in-2022/amp
https://www.altexsoft.com/blog/travel/history-of-flight-booking-crss-gds-distribution-
travel-agencies-and-online-reservations/
https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/Web-server?amp=1
https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Lan-Based-Reservation-System-for-Hacienda-Gracia-
FK6THZ436YZA
https://www.academia.edu/36435770/Chapter_2_REVIEW_OF_RELATED_LITERATU
RE_AND_STUDIES_This_chapter_presents_the_review_of_related_literature_and_stud
ies_particularly_on_the_Proposed_Computerized_Hotel_Management_System_of
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324987630_ONLINE_HOTEL_RESERVATIO
N_AND_MANAGEMENT_SYSTEM_FOR_THE_COLLEGE_OF_INTERNATIONAL
_TOURISM_AND_HOSPITALITY_MANAGEMENT_CITHM
https://www.docsity.com/en/booking-and-management-system-for-driving-
schools/5783684/
https://dl.ucsc.cmb.ac.lk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/4499/1/2017%20MIT%20046.pdf
https://www.coursehero.com/file/76585681/Cab-Booking-Systemdocx/
http://twc.tesda.gov.ph/advocacy/researches/7.pdf
https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/97700/Juuso_Kujanpaa.pdf;jsessionid=2A
5B2B6BD32C142F34600DA9CF25B462?sequence=1
64
APPENDICES
65
Appendix A
Letter of Request
66
Appendix B
Interviewer’s Guide
Name: _______________________________
Position: _____________________________
Date of Interview: _____________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Do you want to transact and give your details in the portal system for getting your
driver's license?
__________________________________________________________________
3. If there is a portal system for the registration and transaction for getting your
driver's license, what features can you recommend to upgrade the system?
__________________________________________________________________
4. How do you intend to measure the effectivity of the portal system? or Can you
identify the effectiveness of the portal system in getting your driver's license?
__________________________________________________________________
67
Appendix C
Evaluation Sheet
Position: ________________________________________________________________
Direction: Please Evaluate the software material by using the given scale and placing a
5 Excellent
4 Very good
3 Good
2 Poor
1 Needs Improvement
A. Functional Suitability
5 4 3 2 1
1. Functional Completeness - Degree to which the set of functions
covers all the specified tasks and user objectives.
2. Functional Correctness - Degree to which a product or system
provides the correct results with the needed degree of precision.
B. Performance Efficiency
1. Time Behavior - Degree to which the response and processing times
and throughput rates of a product or system, when performing its
functions, meet requirements.
C. Reliability
1. Maturity - Degree to which a system, product or component meets
needs for reliability under normal operation.
D. Security
1. Confidentiality - Degree to which a product or system ensures that
data are accessible only to those authorized to have access.
Evaluator Comments/Suggestion:
Appendix D
Sample Form
74
Appendix E
GANT CHART
75
Appendix F
Project Evaluation Review Technique Diagram
76
Appendix G
User’s Manual
User Interface Home Page
The user must log in first to enter the main page. If the user does not have an account
To Sign Up
Note: If there is a blank field, a warning message will be shown on that blank
field.
3. The system will send an email verification to the email provided by the user.
78
After the user log in, the upper right part of the user interface shows the home,
Courses Page
The Courses page is where the client can view the courses offered by the
About Page
80
The about page shows the location, branches and contact of the ALREX Driving
School.
81
1. To register for booking, choose the courses and drivisng lesson code to book.
1. After editing the registration form, click button to update the edited
registration form.
CURRICULUM VITAE
86
MIKAELA A. TANO
LAGATIT, SANTO DOMINGO, ILOCOS SUR
[email protected]
+639264500907
PERSONAL BACKGROUND:
Date of Birth : November 8, 2000
Civil Status : Single
Parents : Romeo Robert J. Tano
Marilyn A. Tano
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
Primary : Lagatit Elementary School
Lagatit Sto. Domingo, Ilocos Sur
Year Graduate : 2013
Junior Highschool : Lussoc National High School
Lussoc, Sto. Domingo, Ilocos Sur
Year Graduate 2017
Senior Highschool : Lussoc National High School
Lussoc, Sto. Domingo, Ilocos Sur
Year Graduated : 2019
2019-2023
87
Personality Development
College of Communication and Information Technology
March 25, 2022
Financial Literacy
College of Communication and Information Technology
April 22, 2022
Digital Graphics
College of Communication and Information Technology
April 22, 2022
2022 ICT Training Cum Research Presentation and Umak Virtual Tour
College of Communication and Information Technology
May 12-13, 2022
Blockchain Technology
College of Communication and Information Technology
June 08, 2022
JEROME A. QUITORAS
SAN PEDRO, VIGAN CITY, ILOCOS SUR
[email protected]
+639179349751
PERSONAL BACKGROUND:
Date of Birth : January 5, 2001
Civil Status : Single
Parents : Ronnie G. Quitoras
Jingle A. Quitoras
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
Primary : Calibungan Elementary School
Calibungan, Victoria, Tarlac
Year Graduate : 2013
2019-2023
90
Personality Development
College of Communication and Information Technology
March 25, 2022
Financial Literacy
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April 22, 2022
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May 1, 2022
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College of Communication and Information Technology
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SHAINE R. VILLORIA
CABAROAN, MAGSINGAL, ILOCOS SUR
[email protected]
+6392645103516
PERSONAL BACKGROUND:
Date of Birth : July 21, 2001
Civil Status : Single
Parents : Emerito T. Villoria
Saturnina C. Viloria
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
Primary : Magsingal South Central Elementary School
San Julian, Magsingal Ilocos Sur
Year Graduate : 2013
2019-2023
93
Personality Development
College of Communication and Information Technology
March 25, 2022
Financial Literacy
College of Communication and Information Technology
April 22, 2022
Digital Graphics
College of Communication and Information Technology
April 22, 2022
2022 ICT Training Cum Research Presentation and Umak Virtual Tour
College of Communication and Information Technology
May 12-13, 2022
SEAN Y. YADAO
DADALAQUITEN NORTE, SINAIT, ILOCOS SUR
[email protected]
+639193943224
PERSONAL BACKGROUND:
Date of Birth : March 30, 2001
Civil Status : Single
Parents : Emeterio B. Yadao
Jocelyn Y. Yadao
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
Primary : Dadalaquiten Elementary School
Dadalaquiten Sur, Sinait, Ilocos Sur
Year Graduate : 2013
2019-2023
95
2022 ICT Training Cum Research Presentation and Umak Virtual Tour
College of Communication and Information Technology
May 12-13, 2022
Blockchain Technology
College of Communication and Information Technology
June 08, 2022
Career Coaching
College of Communication and Information Technology
June 17, 2022