Medical supplies, food, and rescue equipment have also been sent.

S + have + also + V3 + sent.

Cấu trúc câu bị động (Passive Voice): Be + V3

1) Bị động trong hiện tại đơn.

 is/ are/ am + V3
My house is painted.
2) Bị động trong quá khứ
 was/ were + V3
My house was painted.
3) Hiện tại tiếp diễn
 is/ are/ am + being + V3
My house is being painted.
4) Hiện tại hoàn thành
 have/ has + been + V3
5) Tương lai đơn
 will + be + V3
6) Quá khứ tiếp diễn
 was/ were + being + V3
7) Be going to
 be going to + be + V3
My house is going to be painted.
8) Modal verb
Should, might, may, can,… + be + V3
1. People grow rice in many countries in the world.
-> Rice ______________________________________
2. Graham Bell invented the telephone many years ago.
-> The telephone ______________________________
3. They have used this car for many years.
-> This car ___________________________________
4. Lan practices English every day.
-> English ____________________________________
5. They will take the garbage out of the city.
-> The garbage _____________________________
6. Mary sent me this letter two days ago.
-> I _________________________________________
7. People make compost from vegetables.
-> Compost ____________________________________
8. You must finish this work before Sunday.
-> This work _____________________________________
9. She hasn't used this bicycle for a long time.
-> This bicycle __________________________________
10. I saw a strange man in my garden yesterday.
-> A strange man _______________________________
11. They clean the floor every morning.
-> The floor ____________________________________
12. They will solve the problem soon.
-> The problem __________________________________
13. They break the glass into small pieces.
-> The glass ____________________________________
15. They made these cars in the USA.
-> These cars ______________________________________
16. People have used the Internet all over the world.
-> The Internet ___________________________
17. We planted many trees in the school garden.
-> Many trees _________________________________
18. Someone has taken my book away.
-> My book ___________________________________
19. He didn't help me with my homework.
-> I ___________________________________________
20. We have learnt English for three years.
-> English ______________________________________
21. My father often reads books before bedtime .
-> Books ............................................................................
22. Lan bought some comic books for her brother .
-> Some comic books ..........................................................
23. My sister received a letter yesterday .
-> A letter ............................................................................
24. She can solve the problem in just 2 minutes .
-> The problem .....................................................................
25. Nowadays people use electricity for lighting.
-> Electricity ...........................................................................
III. Choose the correct answer. 
1. We can’t go along here because the road……………………
A. is repairing
B. is repaired
C. is being repaired
D. repairs

By + đối tượng thực hiện hành động

By + him. Her, me, them you, us
By + tên riêng  bắt buộc có

2. The story I’ve just read……………….Agatha Christie

A. was written
B. was written by
C. was written from
D. wrote by

3. I’m going to go out and………………………………………….

A. have cut my hair
B. have my hair cut
C. cut my hair
D. my hair be cut

bị động với have, get

be + V3
get + O + V3
have + O + V3

I have + my hair + cut

4. Something funny ………………………in class yesterday

A. happened
B. was happened
C. happens
D. is happened
5. Many US automobiles……………………in Detroit, Michigan
A. manufacture
B. have manufactured
C. are manufactured
D.are manufacturing
6. A lot of pesticide residue can…………………………………..unwashed produce
A. find
B. found
C. be finding
D. be found
7. We………………by a loud noise during the night
A. woke up
B. are woken up
C. were woken up
D. were waking up
8. Some film stars……………….difficult to work with
A. are said be
B. are said to be
C. say to be
D. said to be
9. Why did Tom keep making jokes about me?
– I don’t enjoy……………………at
A. be laughed
B. to be laughed
C. laughing
D.being laughed
10. Today, many serious childhood diseases………………………by early immunization
A. are preventing
B. can prevent
C. prevent
D. can be prevented
11. Do you get your heating……………………..every year?
A. checking
B. check
C. be checked
D. checked
12. Bicycles…………………..in the driveway
A. must not leave
B. must not be leaving
C. must not be left
D. must not have left
13. Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony…………………..next weekend
A. is going to be performed
B. has been performed
C. will be performing
D. will have perform
14. All bottles………………………………..before transportation
A. frozen
B. were froze
C. were frozen
D. are froze
15. ………………………………………..yet?
A. Have the letters been typed
B. Have been the letters typed
C. Have the letters typed
D. Had the letters typed
16. English has become a second language in countries like India, Nigeria or Singapore
where……………..for administration, broadcasting and education
A. is used
B. it is used
C. used
D. being used
17. The telephones…………..by Alexander Graham Bell
A. is invented
B. is inventing
C. invented
D. was invented
18. Lots of houses……………….by the earthquake
A. are destroying
B. destroyed
C. were destroyed
D. is destroyed
19. Gold…………………….in California in the 19th century
A. was discovered
B. has been discovered
C. was discover
D. they discover
20. The preparation…………………..by the time the guest……………………….
A. had been finished- arrived
B. have finished- arrived
C. had finished-were arriving
D. have been finished- were arrived
21. The boy_____ by the teacher yesterday.
A. punish
B. punished
C. punishing
D. was punished
22. “Ms Jones, please type those letters before noon”_ “They’ve already ______, sir. They’re
on your desk.”
A. typed
B. been being typed
C. being typed
D. been typed
23. Sarah is wearing a blouse. It___________ of cotton.
A. be made
B. are made
C. is made
D. made
24. They had a boy _______ that yesterday.
A. done
B. to do
C. did
D. do
25. We got our mail ______ yesterday.
A. been delivered
B. delivered
C. delivering
D. to deliver
26. James……..the news as soon as possible.
A. should tell
B. should be told
C. should told
D. should be telled
27. My wedding ring ______ yellow and white gold.
A. is made
B. is making
C. made
D. make
28. Wilson is _______ as Willie to his friend.
A. known
B. knew
C. is known
D. know
29. References _____ in the examination room.
A. not are used
B. is not used
C. didn’t used
D. are not used
30. Laura ______ in Boston.
A. are born
B. were born
C. was born
D. born

1. Khái niệm Thì quá khứ hoàn thành

Thì quá khứ hoàn thành dùng cho các hành động đã xảy ra trước một thời điểm hoặc một
hành động khác trong quá khứ. Hành động nào xảy ra trước thì dùng thì quá khứ hoàn
thành. Hành động xảy ra sau thì dùng thì quá khứ đơn.

2. Cách dùng Thì quá khứ hoàn thành

Thì quá khứ hoàn thành dùng để diễn tả:

a. Hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc trước 1 thời điểm trong quá khứ

Eg: By 2 o’clock we had had lunch. (Chúng tôi đã ăn trưa trước 2h.)

b. Hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc trước 1 hành động khác trong quá khứ

Eg: When I got up this morning, my father had already gone to work.

(Sáng nay, khi tôi ngủ dậy, bố tôi đã đi làm rồi.)

c. Hành động đã xảy ra và kéo dài đến một thời điểm nào đó trong quá khứ

Eg: By the time I met you, I had worked in that company for 5 years.

(Lúc tôi gặp cậu, tôi đã làm việc cho công ty đó được 5 năm rồi.)

d. Hành động xảy ra như là điều kiện tiên quyết cho hành động khác

Eg: I had prepared for the exams and was ready to do well. 

(Tôi đã chuẩn bị cho kì thi và sẵn sàng làm tốt nó.)

e. Vế giả thiết trong câu điều kiện loại III (điều kiện không có thực trong quá khứ)
Eg: If I had known that, I would have acted differently. 

(Nếu tôi biết điều đó, tôi đã hành xử khác.)

3. Cấu trúc Thì quá khứ hoàn thành

Khẳng định (+) S + had + VpII I had left my wallet at home.

(Tôi đã để quên ví ở nhà.)

Phủ định (-) S + had not/ hadn’t + VpII They hadn’t cleaned the house for
weeks

(Họ đã không lau dọn nhà mấy tuần

rồi.)

Nghi vấn (?) (Từ để hỏi) + had + S + VpII? Where had he put his wallet?

(Anh ấy đã để ví ở đâu?)

4. Cách thêm “-ed” vào động từ Thì quá khứ hoàn thành

Động từ nguyên thể Cách chuyển Ví dụ

Động từ kết thúc tận cùng: e; ee Thêm “d” Live – lived (sống)

Agree – agreed (đồng ý)

Động từ kết thúc là nguyên âm Gấp đôi phụ âm và thêm “ed” Fit – fitted (phù hợp)
+ phụ âm (trừ h, w, x, y)
Stop – stopped (ngừng)

Động từ kết thúc là phụ âm + y Đổi “y” thành “i” và thêm “ed” Study – studied (học)

Try – tried (thử)

Động từ còn lại Thêm “-ed” Work – worked (làm việc)

Learn – learned (học)

5. Cách phát âm động từ đuôi “ed”

Đọc là /id/ khi động từ kết thúc là /t/ hoặc /d/ Wanted /ˈwɑːntɪd/

Added /ædɪd/

Đọc là /t/ khi động từ kết thúc là các phụ âm vô thanh: /s/, /f/, /p/, Picked /pɪkt/
/ʃ/, /tʃ/, /k/ và những động từ có từ phát âm cuối là “s”
Hoped /hoʊpt/

Đọc là /id/ với các động từ còn lại Cried /kraɪd/: Khóc

Smiled /smaɪld/: Cười

6. Dấu hiệu nhận biết Thì quá khứ hoàn thành

Dựa vào các trạng từ sau đây và ngữ cảnh:

• Until then

• By the time

• Prior to that time

• Before

• After

• As soon as

• By the end of + thời gian trong quá khứ …….

Eg: They went home after they had eaten a big roasted chicken. 

(Họ về nhà sau khi đã ăn một con gà quay lớn.)

7. Bài tập Thì quá khứ hoàn thành

Exercise 1. Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ hoàn thành

0. The storm destroyed the sandcastle that we had built (build).

1. He ______ (not / be) to Cape Town before 1997.

2. When she went out to play, she ______ (do / already) her homework.

3. My brother ate all of the cake that our mum _____ (make) .

4. The doctor took off the plaster that he ______ (put on) six weeks before.

5. The waiter brought a drink that I _______ (not / order).

Exercise 2. Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc

0. They (come) came back home after they (finish) had finished their work.

1. She said that she (meet) ……………………. Mr. Bean before.

2. Before he (go) ……………….. to bed, he (read) …………………… a novel.

3. He told me he (not/wear) ………………………… such kind of clothes before.

4. When I came to the stadium, the match (start) ………………………………….

5. Before she (listen) ………….. to music, she (do)…… ………. her homework.

6. Last night, Peter (go) ……….. to the supermarket before he (go) ……… home.

Exercise 3. Chọn đáp án đúng.

0. They (cycle) in the morning so their legs were sore in the evening.

A. Had been cycle

B. Had been cycling

C. Had cycled

D. Had been cycled

1. I (not / work) all day; so I wasn't tired and went to the disco at night.

A. Had not been working

B. Had worked

C. Had not worked

D. Had not been worked

2. They were very tired in the evening because they (help) on the farm all day.

A. Had been helped

B. Had been helping

C. Helped

3. He (drive) less than an hour when he ran out of petrol.

A. Had been driving

B. Had driving

C. Had drived

D. Drived

4. Frank Sinatra caught the flu because he (sing) in the rain too long.

A. Had been singin

B. Had sang

C. Had sung

D. Had singing

5. How long (learn/ she) English before she went to London?

A. Had she learned

B. Had she been learning

C. Had she learn

D. She learned

Exercise 4. Put the verb in brackets in the Past simple, Past perfect or Present perfect.

0. I thanked her for everything she (do) had done for me.

1. She didn’t notice that she (never see) …………………….……… that film before.

2. I suddenly (remember) that I ………………………. (forget) my keys.

3. Bill no longer has his car. He (sell) …………………….. it.

4. (Have/you/put) ………………. off the fire before you (go) ……………… out.

5. I was very pleased to see Mary again. I (not see) ………………….. for a long time.

Exercise 5. Rewrite the sentences beginning as shown

0. David went home before we arrived.

When we arrived, Davi had gone home.

1. We had snack then we had a look around the shops.

After……………………………………………………………………………………

2. The man was poor so he could not afford accommodation.

If …………………………………………………………………………….…………

3. We had never been so happy before.

We were………………………………………………………………………………..

4. I went to the zoo last year and that was where I saw a real tiger for the first time.

Before …………………………………………………………………………………..

5. I like you didn’t go to the party yesterday.

I’d rather you …………………………………………………………………………...