Mindanao State University

College of Law
General Santos City & Marawi City Campuses

PROFESSOR LEONARD MANN

email address: [email protected]

Facebook: Leonard B. Mann
YouTube Channel: Leonard Mann - Mann’s World
cell: (0917) 536-6266

COURSE OUTLINE IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW I WITH CASES

First Year, First Semester, Academic Year 2021-2022
Marawi City Campus: Regular Class | Section 2
General Santos City Campus: Section Plato

COURSE DESCRIPTION AND OBJECTIVES:

This course studies the structure and powers of the Government of the Republic of the Philippines. By the end
of the semester, it is expected that you will also know certain basic concepts of Political Law, such as: 1) the nature of
the State; 2) the separation of powers; and 3) the rule of the majority.

REFERENCES:

(1) Philippine Constitutional Law: Principles and Cases, Volume 2 by Hector S. De Leon and
Hector M. De Leon, Jr., Sixth Edition 2017, Rex Printing Company, Inc.

(2) The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines, Rex Printing Company, Inc.

PART I. INTRODUCTION

A. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
1. Scope of Study
2. Necessity for the Study
3. Basis of the Study

B. THE CONSTITUTION OF THE PHILIPPINES

1. Outstanding Features
2. The Supremacy of the Constitution

1. Genuino vs. De Lima, G.R. No. 197930, April 17, 2018.

C. THE CONCEPT OF THE STATE

1. Definition
2. Elements (People, Territory, Government, Sovereignty)

D. THE DOCTRINE OF STATE IMMUNITY

1. Basis
2. Application

2. U.P. vs. Dizon, G.R. No. 171182, August 23, 2012, 679 SCRA 54.

3. Waiver of Immunity
4. Forms of Consent
5. Suits Against Government Agencies

3. Bermoy vs. Philippine Normal College, G.R. No. L-8670, May 18, 1956.

6. Exemption From Legal Requirements

4. Banahaw Broadcasting Corp. vs. Pacana, G.R. No. 171673, May 30, 2011, 649 SCRA 196.

7. Suability vs. Liability

5. GSIS. vs. Group Management Corp., G.R. No. 167000, June 8, 2011, 651 SCRA 279.

PART II. PREAMBLE

PART III. ARTICLE I. THE NATIONAL TERRITORY

6. Magallona vs. Ermita, G.R. No. 187167, July 16, 2011.

PART IV. ARTICLE II. DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES & STATE POLICIES

7. Oposa vs. Factoran, 224 SCRA 792 (1993).

8. Ocampo vs. Enriquez, G.R. No. 225973, 8 Nov. 2016.

§1. DEMOCRATIC & REPUBLICAN STATE

§2. GENERALLY ACCEPTED PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW

9. Pangilinan vs. Cayetano, G.R. No. 238875, 16 March 2021.

§3. CIVILIAN AUTHORITY

§4. MILITARY & CIVIL SERVICE

10. People vs. Lagman, 66 PHIL 13 (1938).

§5. PEACE & ORDER, GENERAL WELFARE

§6. CHURCH & STATE
§7. INDEPENDENT FOREIGN POLICY
§8. FREEDOM FROM NUCLEAR WEAPONS
§9. SOCIAL ORDER
§10. SOCIAL JUSTICE
§11. PERSONAL DIGNITY & HUMAN RIGHTS
§12. THE FAMILY

11. Garlet vs. Garlet, G.R. No. 193544, 2 Aug. 2017.

§13. VITAL ROLE OF YOUTH

§14. EQUALITY OF WOMEN & MEN
§15. RIGHT TO HEALTH
§16. RIGHT TO BALANCED AND HEALTHFUL ECOLOGY

12. Zabal vs. Pres. Duterte, G.R. No. 238467, 12 February 2019.

§17. EDUCATION, SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, ARTS, CULTURE & SPORTS

§18. LABOR

13. PAWU vs. NLRC, 106 SCRA 444 (1981).

§19 & §20. NATIONAL ECONOMY & PRIVATE INITIATIVE

14. Garcia vs. Board of Investments, G.R. No. 92024, 9 November 1990.

§21. COMPREHENSIVE RURAL & AGRARIAN POLICY

§22. INDIGENOUS CULTURAL COMMUNITIES

15. Tawahig vs. Lapinid, G.R. No. 221139, March 20 2019.

§23. COMMUNITY-BASED PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS

§24. COMMUNICATIONS
§25. LOCAL AUTONOMY

16. Basco vs. PAGCOR, G.R. No. 91649, May 14, 1991.

§26. POLITICAL DYNASTIES

§27. HONESTY & INTEGRITY IN PUBLIC SERVICE
§28. POLICY OF FULL PUBLIC DISCLOSURE

PART V. ARTICLE VI. THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

A. SEPARATION OF POWERS
1. Purposes
2. Blending of Powers
3. Checks & Balances
4. The Role of the Judiciary
5. Justiciable & Political Questions

17. KMU vs. Aquino III, G.R. No. 210500, April 2, 2019.

B. DELEGATION OF POWERS

1. PERMISSIBLE DELEGATION

 3
1.1. Delegation of tariff powers to the President
1.2. Delegation of emergency powers to the President
1.3. Delegation of the people at large
1.4. Delegation of local governments
1.5. Delegation of administrative bodies

18. KMU vs. Aquino III, G.R. No. 210500, April 2, 2019.

2. TESTS OF DELEGATION

2.1. The Completeness Test

2.2. The Sufficient Standard Test

§1. A BICAMERAL BODY

§2. COMPOSITION & ELECTION OF SENATE
§3. QUALIFICATION OF SENATORS
§4. THE TERM OF SENATORS; STAGGERING OF TERMS
§5. COMPOSITION OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

19. Aquino III vs. Comelec, 617 SCRA 623 (2010).

§6. QUALIFICATIONS OF DISTRICT & PARTY-LIST REPRESENTATIVES

20. Atong Paglaum, Inc. vs. Comelec, G.R. 203766, 2 April 2013.

§7. TERM OF REPRESENTATIVES

§8. REGULAR ELECTION
§9. FILLING VACANCIES
§10. SALARY OF SENATORS & REPRESENTATIVES

21. Ligot vs. Mathay, 56 SCRA 823 (1974).

§11. PRIVILEGE FROM ARREST

22. People vs. Jalosjos, G.R. Nos. 132875-76, 3 February 2000.

PARLIAMENTARY FREEDOM OF SPEECH & DEBATE

23. Trillanes IV vs. Castillo-Marigomen, G.R. No. 223451, 14 March 2018.

§12. FINANCIAL & BUSINESS INTERESTS

§13. DISQUALIFICATIONS
§14. PROHIBITIONS; LAWYER LEGISLATORS

24. Puyat vs. de Guzman, 113 SCRA 31 (1982).

§15. SESSIONS OF CONGRESS

§16. OFFICERS OF CONGRESS

25. Rep. Baguilat, Jr. vs. Speaker Alvarez, G.R. No. 227757, 25 July 2017.

JOURNALS, RECORD: PUBLICITY & PROBATIVE VALUE; “ENROLLED BILL” RULE

26. Arroyo vs. De Venecia, G.R. No. 127255, 14 August 1997.

§17. ELECTORAL TRIBUNALS

27. Tolentino vs. SET, G.R. No. 248005, 11 May 2021

JURISDICTION OF THE ELECTORAL TRIBUNALS

28. Garcia vs. HRET, G.R. No. 134792, 12 August 1999.

INDEPENDENCE OF THE ELECTORAL TRIBUNALS

29. Arroyo vs. House Electoral Tribunal, G.R. No. 118597, 14 July 1995.

§18. COMMISSION ON APPOINTMENTS; COMPOSITION, NATURE, FUNCTIONS (SP, 12 S, 12 C)

30. Guingona, Jr. vs. Gonzales, 214 SCRA 789 (1992).

§19. ORGANIZATION OF ELECTORAL TRIBUNALS & COMMISSION ON APPOINTMENTS

§20. RECORDS & BOOK OF ACCOUNTS
§21. LEGISLATIVE INVESTIGATIONS

31. Garcillano vs. The House of Representatives, 575 SCRA 170 (2008).

§22. CONGRESS & HEADS OF DEPARTMENTS

§23. DECLARATION OF THE EXISTENCE OF A STATE OF WAR. DELEGATION OF EMERGENCY POWERS
§24. ORIGIN OF MONEY BILLS, PRIVATE BILLS & BILLS OF LOCAL APPLICATION

32. Tolentino vs. Secretary of Finance, 235 SCRA 630 (1994).

§25. LIMITS ON POWER TO APPROPRIATE. PROHIBITION OF INCREASE

PAR. 5 (“ITEM”)

33. Dela Cruz vs. Ochoa, Jr., G.R. No. 219683, 23 January 2018.
34. Nazareth vs. Villar, G.R. No. 188635, 29 January 2013.

PROHIBITION OF “RIDERS” IN APPROPRIATION BILLS

35. Garcia vs. Mata, 65 SCRA 517 (1975).

TRANSFER OF FUNDS

36. Nazareth vs. Villar, G.R. No. 188635, 29 January 2013.

APPROPRIATIONS MUST BE FOR A PUBLIC PURPOSE

37. Pascual vs. Sec. of Public Works, 110 PHIL 331 (1960).

§26. SUBJECT & TITLE OF BILLS: GENERAL PROHIBITION OF “RIDERS”

38. Ang Nars Party-List vs. The Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 215746, 8 Oct. 2019.

§27. PASSAGE OF BILLS

39. Arroyo vs. De Venecia, G.R. No. 127255, 14 August, 1997.

VETO POWER; “ITEM VETO”

40. Bengzon vs. Drilon, 208 SCRA 133 (1992).

THE NEW “DOCTRINE OF INAPPROPRIATE PROVISIONS”

41. Bolinao Electronics vs. Valencia, 11 SCRA 486 (1964).

§28. POWER OF TAXATION: SCOPE & PURPOSE

42. Comm. of Int. Rev. vs. Santos, G.R. 119252, 18 August, 1997.

LIMITATIONS ON THE POWER TO TAX

SPECIFIC LIMITS ON THE TAXING POWER: UNIFORM & EQUITABLE

43. Tan vs. Del Rosario, Jr., 237 SCRA 324 (1994).

PROGRESSIVE SYSTEM OF TAXATION. DELEGATED TAX LEGISLATION

44. Garcia vs. Exec. Sec., 211 SCRA 219 (1992).

TAX EXEMPTIONS

45. Central Mindanao University vs. DAR, 215 SCRA 86 (1992).

§29. FISCAL POWERS OF CONGRESS

SPECIAL FUNDS

46. PCGG vs. COCOFED, G.R. Nos. 147062-64, 14 December, 2001.

§30. APPELLATE JURISDICTION OF THE SUPREME COURT

47. Fabian vs. Desierto, G.R. No. 129742, 16 September 1998.

§31. TITLES OF ROYALTY & NOBILITY

§32. INITIATIVE & REFERENDUM (See. Republic Act No. 6735)

48. SBMA vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 125416, 26 September 1996.

PART VI. ARTICLE VII. THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT

§1. THE EXECUTIVE POWER. The executive power shall be vested in the President of the Philippines.

IMMUNITY FROM SUIT

49. Nepomuceno vs. Pres. Duterte, G.R. No. 16838, 11 May 2021.

§2. THE PRESIDENT.

§3. THE VICE-PRESIDENT.
§4. TERM, RE-ELECTION, CANVASSING, PROCLAMATION.
§5. OATH OF OFFICE
§6. PERQUISITES & INHIBITIONS
§7. PRESIDENTIAL SUCCESSION (OCCURRING BEFORE TERM)
§8. FILING A VACANCY IN THE PRESIDENCY

50. Estrada vs. Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738, March 2, 2001, 406 Phil. 1 (2001).
51. Estrada vs. Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738, 3 April 2001, on Reconsideration.

§9. VACANCY IN THE VICE-PRESIDENCY

§10. VACANCY IN BOTH THE PRESIDENCY & VICE-PRESIDENCY
§11 & §12. ADDITIONAL RULES ON PRESIDENTIAL DISABILITY
§13. PROHIBITION AGAINST HOLDING ANOTHER OFFICE OR EMPLOYMENT

52. Civil Liberties Union vs. Exec. Sec., 194 SCRA 317 (1991).

§14. APPOINTMENTS BY AN ACTING PRESIDENT

§15. “MIDNIGHT APPOINTMENTS”

53. Atty. Velicaria-Garafil vs. OP, G.R. No. 203372, 16 June 2015.

§16. APPOINTING POWER

54. Liban vs. Gordon, 593 SCRA 68 (2009).

“RECESS” OR “AD-INTERIM APPOINTMENTS AND TEMPORARY APPOINTMENTS.”

55. Matibag vs. Benipayo, G.R. No. 149036, 2 April 2002.

§17. POWER OF CONTROL

56. Ocampo vs. Enriquez, G.R. No. 225973, 8 November 2016.

§18. MILITARY POWER/COMMANDER-IN-CHIEFSHIP

57. Lagman vs. Medialdea, G.R. No. 231658, 4 July 2017.

58. Lagman vs. Medialdea, G.R. No. 243522, 19 February 2019.

§19. EXECUTIVE CLEMENCY

59. Garcia vs. COA, G.R. No. 75025, 14 September 1993.

AMNESTY

60. Barrioquinto vs. Fernandez, 82 PHIL 642 (1949).

§20. THE BORROWING POWER

61. Spouses Constantino vs. Cuisia, G.R. No. 106064, 13 October 2005.

§21. SENATE CONCURRENCE IN INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS

62. Pangilinan vs. Cayetano, G.R. No. 238875, 16 March 2021.

§22. BASIS OF GENERAL APPROPRIATIONS BILL

§23. PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS

PART VII. ARTICLE VIII. THE JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT

§1. JUDICIAL POWER

63. Pangilinan vs. Cayetano, G.R. No. 238875, 16 March 2021.

64. Yaphockun vs. PRC, G.R. No. 213314, 23 March 2021.

§2. ROLE OF THE LEGISLATURE

§3. FISCAL AUTONOMY

65. Bengzon vs. Drilon, 208 SCRA 133 (1992).

§4. (1) COMPOSITION & SESSIONS

66. Fortich vs. Corona, G.R. No. 131457, 19 August 1999.

(2) EN BANC CASES

(3) DIVISION CASES

§5. POWERS OF THE SUPREME COURT

67. Gios-Samar, Inc. vs. DOTC, G.R. No. 217158, 12 March 2019.

(1) ORIGINAL JURISDICTION

(2) APPELLATE JURISDICTION

68. De Lima vs. Guerrero, G.R. No. 229781, 10 Oct. 2017.

(3) TEMPORARY ASSIGNMENT OF JUDGES

(4) CHANGE OF VENUE OR PLACE OF TRIAL
(5) RULE-MAKING POWER

69. Global Medical Center of Laguna, Inc. vs. Ross Systems International, Inc., G.R. No. 230112, 11
May 2021.
70. Estipona vs. Lobrigo, G.R. No. 226679, 15 Aug. 2017.

(6) APPOINTMENT OF COURT PERSONNEL

§6. ADMINISTRATIVE SUPERVISION OF INFERIOR COURTS

71. Judge Caoiles vs. Ombudsman, G.R. No. 132177, 19 July 2001.

§7. QUALIFICATIONS
§8. JUDICIAL AND BAR COUNCIL

72. Rep. Umali vs. JBC, G.R. No. 228628, 25 July 2017.

§9. APPOINTMENTS
§10. SALARIES OFJUDGES
§11. TENURE OF JUDGES

73. De la Llana vs. Alba, G.R. No. L-57883, 12 March 1982.

§12. NO TEMPORARY APPOINTMENT

§13. CONSULTATIONS OF THE COURT
§14. DECISIONS OF THE COURT

74. Ganancial vs. Cabugao, G.R. No. 203348, 6 July 2020.

§15. PERIODS FOR DECISIONS

§16. ANNUAL REPORT

PART VIII. ARTICLE IX. THE CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSIONS

A. COMMON PROVISIONS

B. THE CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION

75. Abad vs. dela Cruz, G.R. No. 207422, March 18, 2015.

C. THE COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS

76. TELEBAP vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 132922.  21 April 1998.

D. THE COMMISSION ON AUDIT

77. Taisei Shimizu Joint Venture vs. COA, G.R. No. 238671, 2 June 2020.

PART IX. ARTICLE XI. ACCOUNTABILITY OF PUBLIC OFFICERS.

78. Moreno vs. CA, G.R. No. 238566, 20 February 2019.

PART X. ARTICLE XVII. AMENDMENTS OR REVISIONS.

79. Santiago vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 127325, 19 March 1997.

80. Lambino vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 174153, 25 October 2006.

PART XI. ARTICLE XVIII. TRANSITORY PROVISIONS.