Vowels and Syllables
Vowels and Syllables
Vowels and Syllables
of
vowels
• vowels
differ
in
several
ways:
• 1.
In
length:
/iː/,
/ɜː/,
/uː/,
/ɔ:/,
and
/ɑː/
are
longer
than
/ɪ
/
/ɛ/
and
/æ/
,/ʊ/,
and
/ʌ/,
when
they
occur
in
the
same
contexts.
• 2.
In
posiGon
in
the
mouth
1
Features
of
vowels
• 3.
All
vowels
can
occur
in
syllables
that
end
in
at
least
one
consonant
(closed
syllables);
[i],
[e],
[u],
[o],
[ɔ],
and
[ɑ]
can
occur
as
the
final
sound
in
a
syllable
(open
syllables).
• 4.
Muscle
tension:
/iː/,
/ɜː/,
/uː/,
/ɔ:/,
and
/ɑː/
are
produced
with
greater
muscle
tension
in
the
arGculators
than
/ɪ
/
/ɛ/
and
/æ/
,/ʊ/,
and
/ʌ/,
are.
The
former
are
tense
vowels;
the
la:er
are
lax.
2
SHORT
OR
LAX
VOWELS
3
LONG
OR
TENSE
VOWELS
4
Vowels
in
mul9-‐syllabic
words:
schwa
• Pronounce
the
words
above,
sofa,
comma,
photograph,
paying
parGcular
aUenGon
to
the
vowel
represented
by
the
bold
leUers.
Then
pronounce
this
vowel
in
isolaGon.
• This
vowel
is
called
schwa
and
wriUen
/ə/.
• it
is
central,
mid,
lax,
and
unrounded.
• It
is
heard
primarily
in
unstressed
syllables
5
THE SCHWA SOUND
6
PRONUNCIATION OF VOWELS IN
STRESSED [ ‘ ] SYLLABLES
• The sequence
CONSONANT+
VOWEL+CONSONANT+VOWEL
(CVCV)
has
the
phonemic
value
of
the
alphabet
name
of
the
leUer:
<i>
time,
fine
<u>
/ju/
mute,
renewal
<o>
alone,
phone
<e>
supreme,
meet,
need
<a>
made,
mate,
pronuncia7on
7
DIPHTHONGS
Vowels
are
arGculated
by
a
specific
configuraGon
of
the
tongue,
lips,
and
oral
cavity,
which
is
held
constant
throughout
their
pronunciaGon.
Vowels
made
like
this
are
called
monophthongs;
others,
called
diphthongs,
involve
a
change
in
the
configuraGon
of
the
mouth.
8
DIPHTHONGS
9
10
Exercise
11
Exercise
12
Syllables
14
Syllables
• The
following
diagram
illustrates
the
consGtuent
of
the
single-‐syllable
word
then.
$
O
R
N
C
ð
ɛ
n
15
Syllables
• Parts
of
syllables
may
be
repeated
for
poeGc
effects.
Of
these
repeGGons,
rhyme
is
the
most
important:
it
involves
repeaGng
the
rhyme
of
syllables,
usually
at
the
ends
of
lines,
as
the
rhyming
words
in
the
following
stanza
(4)
show:
•
RepeaGng
onsets,
or
first
sounds
in
onsets,
as
in
then
and
there,
creates
alliteraWon.
RepeaGng
nuclei,
as
in
Mikey
likes
it,
or
the
incredible
edible
egg
creates
assonance.
17
CounWng
Syllables
To
find
the
number
of
syllables
in
a
word,
use
the
following
steps: