Polytechnic University of the Philippines

College of Communication
Sta. Mesa, Manila

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

Journalism Principles and Practices

Midterm and
Final Examinations

Submitted by;
Jadeite Angela T. Barrameda
BAJ 1-1N

Submitted to;
prof. Mark Cashean Timbal
PART 1: JOURN 30013 PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES
MIDTERM EXAMINATIONS
1.What is freedom of the press? Briefly explain if such freedom is
guaranteed by the laws of the land and international covenants. (5
pts)
Answer:
Freedom of the press are one of the basic rights that people have. People
with ties to mass communication, such as journalists, reporters,
broadcasters, and others, have the right to express their feelings and
opinions through the press. According to Article III, Section 4 of the 1987
Philippine Constitution “No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of
speech, of expressions, or of the press, or the right of the people
peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress of
grievances.”

2.Is freedom of expression umbilically linked to people’s right to

information? Why? Explain. (5 pts)
Answer:
Yes, people's right to information is inextricably related to their freedom
of expression because when you have the right to seek information, you
also have the freedom to express yourself with the information you have.

3.What is widely known as the most important objective of media?

Explain why. (10 pts)
Answer:
The most important goal of media is to have ethical principles and
standards since it's not always about delivering the truth; instead, it's
about having the values that a media practitioner should have in order to
acquire the public's trust. Because media is also about developing
relationships, media professionals should spend time getting to know
individuals and earning their trust.
4.What are the basic principles of journalism? Explain each briefly.
(30 pts)
Answer:
The basic principles of journalism are fairness, balance, and objectivity.
Fairness since, as a journalist, they will be presented with two sides of the
issue, which means they must be fair in hearing those two different
opinions; the story of the other should be on the news article, and so
should the story of the other. Balance is also a journalism principle,
because in a news story, journalists should not only intrigue one side, but
both sides in order to balance the strong arguments. Lastly, objectivity is
important for a journalist to avoid involving their emotions in any topic,
to be transparent, and to be free of bias.

5.What is the purpose of journalism? Explain. (10%)

Answer:
Journalism's major goal is to enlighten everyone about the current
situation of their country and what's new in everything without being
prejudiced and simply reporting the truth. It is also the goal of journalism
to provide people with adequate information to make informed decisions
about what is best for their lives, communities, societies, and
governments.

6.What are some of the elements of journalism? Give four and explain
each. Please use you own words (40 pts.)
Answer:
Journalism’s first obligation is to the truth
Journalism is primarily concerned with informing the public about
the truth behind everything without hiding any information they have.
Citizens just want the truth, which journalists provide. It is critical for a
journalist to become neutral in all aspects of their work in order to
acquire the public's trust.
 Its first loyalty is to citizens
Journalists do not need to be concerned about anyone except the
general public. Even the most powerful person might be a journalist's
opponent simply to ensure that everyone is aware of what is going on.
After gaining public trust, media practitioners have a responsibility to
know the truth about everything, which is why their devotion is to
citizens; it's a give-and-take situation.
Its practitioners must be allowed to exercise their personal
conscience
Journalists must not be affected by their emotions since they will
encounter people who will touch their hearts, but they must not be
influenced by their words and act professionally in order to know the
truth in every story.
PART 2: JOURN 30013 PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES
FINAL EXAMINATIONS

1. What are the two traditions of Philippine journalism? Explain each

(10 pts)
Answer:
The first tradition of the Philippine journalism is the Tradition of
Acquiescence that encourages people to accept things as they are.
Whether it's Spanish colonization, American conquest, or Japanese
conquest occupying force, or domestic repression. The second is the
Tradition of Protest wherein in the late 1800s, protesters demanded
reforms, which evolved into a call for independence and extensive social
change.

2. Why is it that a journalist should protect the identity of his

source? (10 pts) Is such protection not in violation of press freedom
and people’s right to know?
Answer:
The identity of a journalist's source should be protected because if the
opponent finds out who the source is, chaos will ensue. It’s not a violation
of press freedom and people’s right to know because it is also the
source's right to remain anonymous. Between the source and the
journalist, the information is kept private.

3.What is a news? What are the elements of a news? Enumerate three

(3) and explain each. (15 pts)
Answer:
News is a type of communication that keeps us informed on what’s going
on in the world. There may be issues or events, though it may be engaging
or even enjoyable, news serves as a tool to empower those who are
informed. Timeliness is one of the elements of a news; it is an important
element of a news because it draws people's attention when the news is
current or very recent; it is also because a news is published daily,
and the news that needs to be published are events that occurred the day
before or the day itself so it can become timely. Prominence is a news
element that is especially significant for those who are largely interested
in news about famous people, such as celebrities, high-ranking
politicians, wealthy and powerful businessmen, and this is how some
people pay attention to the news. Oddity is another news feature that
draws people's attention since the events are so unexpected that many
people believe they didn't expect them to happen; it's like a different kind
of news.

4. What are some of the difference of a news to feature? Give at least

three (3). (15pts)
Answer:
News is more likely to focus on events and facts, whereas features are
more likely to focus on the writer's sense of adventure.
Feature articles are published weekly, monthly, or quarterly, as
opposed to the news, which is published daily.
In contrast to news, which consists of fact and analysis of events and
facts, feature articles are regarded special stories that may be read at
leisure.
5. Make a lead out of the following facts. Write your suggested
headline. (20 pts)
GRAIN Foundation for PWD, Inc. is an institution that provides short
courses / vocational training to individuals with hearing impairment and
developmental disabilities. As a training institution, it aims to help
individuals acquire skills that are necessary to live independently and
without being discriminated. Thru the efforts of OIC Director for Extension
Management Zandro T. Estella and PUPQC Branch, a partnership was
developed. Last January 8 and 11, a seminar-workshop on SPED
Curriculum Development led by Prof. Sheryl Morales as the resource
speaker was attended by the administrative officials and staff of the
GRAIN foundation, representatives from the Extension Management
Office and students from the PUPQC.
Answer:
Seminar-workshop organized by GRAIN Foundation aimed at
capacitating differentially-abled individuals
The OIC Director for Extension Management Zandro T. Estella partnered
with the PUPQC Branch, conducted a two-day seminar-workshop on
SPED Curriculum Development last January 8 and 11, and was led by Prof.
Sheryl Morales as the resource speaker.

6. Make a news out of the following facts. Write your suggested

headline. (20 pts)
Councilors Ian Mark Nacaya and Zaldy Ocon were a no-show Unlike in
some areas, the crowd did not greet Duterte’s expletives with applause in
the city at Xavier Estates Country Club Wednesday night during the
oathtaking of election winners. Duterte also spoke about his “war on
drugs” and the problem on graft and corruption in government Joining
Moreno and Balaba in taking their oath before Duterte were Rep. Rolando
Uy of the city’s 1st District, Vice Mayor Raineir Joaquin Uy. President
Duterte cussed loudly at least 25 times during his speech The reporters
counted Duterte saying “p***ng ina” 15 times, “y*wa” nine times, and
“b**at” once during his approximately hour-long speech Duterte’s speech
basically covered topics he has been discussing in public over and over
again like how he advised his daughter, Davao Mayor Sara Carpio, not to
run for President in 2022.
Answer:
Duterte advises his daughter not to run for President in 2022
President Rodrigo Duterte spoke about his “war on drugs” and the
problem on the graft and corruption in government at Xavier Estates
Country Club on Wednesday night during the oathtaking of election
winners.

Joining the President were Rep. Rolando Uy of the city’s 1st District, Vice
Mayor Raineir Joaquin Uy, while Councilor Ian Mark Nacaya and Zaldy
Ocon were still a no-show.
During his speech, President Duterte cussed at least 25 times. The
reporters counted Duterte saying “p***ng ina” 15 times, “y*wa” nine
times, and “b**at” once during his approximately hour-long speech,
unlike in some areas, the crowd did not greet Duterte’s expletives with
applause in the city.

Duterte's address mainly covered subjects he has repeatedly discussed in

public, such as how he urged his daughter, Davao Mayor Sara Carpio,
against running for President in 2022.

7. What are the things you’ve learned from this subject? (10 pts) Any
message for me?
Answer:

As a student with no prior experience or background in journalism, this

subject, Journalism Principles and Practices, has been really helpful to
me. I gain more understanding about what it takes to be a journalist,
because it isn't always the case that when writing/reporting news, all you
have to do is deliver the truth to the public. Instead, you must understand
the ideals that a journalist must possess. I also understand what it takes
to uphold the ethical values and standards that journalists must
remember and maintain. They appear to be biased at times, but their bias
is definitely in favor of the truth. Prof. Mark Cashean Timbal is a fantastic
professor, and this semester has been fantastic. Sir, you've done an
excellent job as our instructor. I'm hoping you'll take care of our block
once more in the future.