Science 10 Q2 M5 Uses of Mirrors and Lenses Modified
Science 10 Q2 M5 Uses of Mirrors and Lenses Modified
Science 10 Q2 M5 Uses of Mirrors and Lenses Modified
Science
Quarter 2 – Module 5:
Uses of Mirrors & Lenses
In Optical Devices
Mirrors and lenses both have the ability to reflect or refract light. This property
has put mirrors and lenses in use for centuries. As of 2010, mirrors and lenses are
so prevalent that most people use them every day, regardless of whether or not they
consciously perceive the use. There are standard and innovative uses for mirrors.
With the following questions below, allow your curiosity to open up and
answer the questions as thoroughly as you can. Use your stored knowledge to answer
the questions.
2. The shortest mirror in which a creature from outer space can see its entire
body is _________________________.
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What’s In
Imagine yourself as a curious little scientist. Have that drive to push new
limits and keep yourself excited about the world around you. Usually, in science, the
real answer is usually far from obvious. When we are curious, we ask ourselves “why
did this happen?” or “why isn’t this the result I expected?”. As human beings,
curiosity is one of the greatest strengths we have.
In this lesson, you will learn how plane mirrors are used in devices utilized by
scientists and even ordinary people like you.
You will have a broader understanding on how plane mirrors are widely used
in our day to day living and how they play a significant role in technology.
What’s New
Optical Devices
Optical instruments are the devices that process light wave to improve an
image for clearer viewing. Using an optical instrument like a magnifying lens or other
complex device like microscope or telescope usually makes things bigger and allows
us to see in a more detailed manner. Using converging lenses makes things look
bigger and on the other hand, diverging lenses always gets smaller images for you.
The first optical instruments were telescopes which were used to magnify
distant images, and microscopes used for magnifying very small images. These
instruments have been greatly improved since the days of Galileo and Van
Leeuwenhoek, and have been extended into other portions of the electromagnetic
spectrum.
Plane Mirrors
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The images that a plane mirror reflects are known as "virtual images" – but
they are different from the simulated digital images that you can see on your
computer screen or in a game on your phone. The difference between a real versus
virtual image is that a real image is formed when light converges at a point – like
looking at an apple on your desk – a virtual image is formed from two divergent rays
of light which never meet. To simplify, a plane mirror creates an image of an object
you cannot touch. This way, all mirrors create virtual images, but plane mirrors
reflect light differently than concave or convex mirrors do.
Reflections from the plane mirror create upright virtual images with the same
magnification or size and distance as the objects they reflect. That is why you can
use a plane mirror to decide precisely where there is something behind you.
What is It
Turns out, back in the day, when elevators were relatively new, people stood
in them, staring into nothingness with an exaggerated sense of time because they
had nothing else to do. All they could think of was their very natural fear of falling
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from an elevator suspended mid-air with nothing but cables. So, mirrors were
installed in order to distract people and give them something to look at while they
waited. The mirrors also gave the usually small space of an elevator a sense of depth,
thereby reducing the feeling of claustrophobia that one might feel in such an enclosed
space.
2. Periscope
A simple periscope consists of an outer case with mirrors at each end set
parallel to each other at a 45° angle. Periscopes allow a submarine, when submerged
at a relatively shallow depth, to search visually for nearby targets and threats on the
surface of the water and in the air.
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3. Kaleidoscope
A kaleidoscope is a toy that uses light and mirrors to reflect objects and create
beautiful, fascinating repeating patterns. There are many different types of
kaleidoscopes that create different patterns, but all use the same basic laws of
physics, manipulating light and reflection.
When looking through the hole, light filters through the glass (or clear plastic)
on the end of the object chamber and illuminates the objects, which then reflect off
of all of the mirrors. The reflections bounce off of one another as the light passes
through the tube. The eye sees these bouncing reflections, creating the patters. As
the kaleidoscope rotates, the objects shift in the chamber, and the reflection changes,
creating new patterns. The concept is simple, but creates a wonderful end result that
delights and entertains.
What’s More
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paper that it would read correctly when you place it in front of a
mirror.
ENJOY!!!!!!!!
Video Title: Lateral Inversion: Why is ‘Ambulance’ written in reverse
Channel: It’s AumSum Time
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bjlYKvQo-kI
Based on the video you have watched or based on the activity you have
performed, explain in your own words, why the word ‘Ambulance’ is written in
reverse in this emergency vehicle?
Lesson 1: Assessment
Now after learning about plane mirrors, answer the following questions based
on what you have learned from this lesson.
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. The dispersion of light when it passes through a prism shows that
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ACTIVITY SHEET
What concepts did you learn in the construction of the device? Explain
Lesson
Uses of Curved Mirrors in
2 Optical Devices
Now that you already understand what optical devices are and how plane
mirrors are used in these devices, it’s now time to learn something new. Aside from
plane mirrors, we also have another classification of mirrors known as the curved
mirrors (spherical mirrors). There is also a wide array of optical devices using the
curved mirrors. Let us explore more with the succeeding items.
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Lesson 2: What I Know
Column A Column B
1 Solar Cooker
2 Dental Mirror
3 Concave Mirror
4 Convex Mirror
5 Projector
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What’s In
In this lesson, you will learn how curved mirrors are used in devices utilized
by scientists and even ordinary people like you.
You will have a broader understanding on how curved mirrors are widely used
in our day to day living and how they play a significant role in technology.
What’s New
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Concave mirrors curve inwardly. Light rays diverge off the curve of this
mirror. The image may be upside down if the object is too far away. When the object
is close to the mirror, it appears right side up and magnified. (2)
What is It
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Image Source: https://www.wowwoodys.com/side-mirror-safety-options/
2. Dental Mirror
Concave mirrors are the most common dental instruments used in a dentist’s
office, and most patients will agree that they are less scary compared to other
equipment such as forceps and drills. They are part of diagnostic instruments in
dentistry. The concave mirror is sometimes referred to as the mouth mirror. The
head of the mirror is usually round and can be in different sizes depending on the
diameter of the mirror.
The mirror is made of a handle and head. The head is made of specified sizes
depending on the manufactures but what is likely to change is the head, which
depends on the requirement. Concave mirrors magnify images such that when the
object is at a distance from the mirror, it forms an inverted image and as the object
gets closer to the mirror it forms an image that is magnified.
Some of the mirror’s handles are metal, while others are made of a
combination of metal and resin or metal with silicon padding. Others are made of
resin only. Dentists that are concerned about the weight of the mirror prefer a
lightweight mirror made of a resin handle with handgrips that are silicon padded.
Most mirrors are made of round surfaces. The mirror number shows the
relative diameter of the mirror. Most dentists prefer size four or five mirrors, but a
small-sized mirror with a number three diameter is important in case of mirror size
issues. Mirrors that are double-sided help dentists enhance visualization, improve
light reflection and are ergonomically beneficial since they have a unique bend in the
mirror stem. Today dentists’ mirrors are more than a shiny surface as
manufacturers have come up with all kinds of mirrors that give dentists an enhanced
view of the inside of the patient’s mouth. (3)
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http://i.ebayimg.com/images/i/152446894748-0-1/s-l1000.jpg
3. Solar Cooker
A solar cooker can do almost anything a stove or an oven can do, only it uses
a natural nonpolluting, free, abundant energy source. In this article, we'll find out
how sunlight becomes heat, check out the different types of cookers available and
how they work, see what makes solar cooking a potential lifesaver in many parts of
the world and examine some of its shortcomings.
At its simplest, the sunlight-to-heat conversion occurs when photons
(particles of light) moving around within light waves interact with molecules moving
around in a substance. The electromagnetic rays emitted by the sun have a lot of
energy in them. When they strike matter, whether solid or liquid, all of this energy
causes the molecules in that matter to vibrate. They get excited and start jumping
around. This activity generates heat. Solar cookers use a couple of different methods
to harness this heat. (4)
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Lesson
Uses of Lenses in Optical
3 Devices
You encounter lenses every day. Whether it’s the lens on your cell phone
camera, the lenses on the eyeglasses or contact lenses you use to see clearly,
magnifying glasses, microscopes, telescopes or something else entirely, the physics
of lenses explains how a simple piece of glass can be used to magnify, minimize or
bring images into focus for any purpose.
Essentially, lenses work by bending light rays that pass through them through
refraction, but this basic point can be implemented in different ways that varies
according to the lens type. Luckily, the basics of such lenses are easy to understand
when you learn a little more about how they work. (6)
What I Know
True or False. Identify each statement as true or false based on the underlined
word/s.
_______1. When light interacts with objects several times as large as its wavelength,
It travels in straight lines and act as a ray.
_______2. A focal point is a point at which rays of light or other radiation converge.
_______3. The optical axis is the line of asymmetry for the lens.
_______4. A biconvex lens is a simple optical lens with one convex side.
_______5. A magnifying glass is a convex lens.
_______6. Simple microscopes use two or more lenses in a row to magnify objects for
viewing.
_______7. A wide-angle lens is a type of lens with a very small focal length that
dramatically increases the field view.
_______8. Lenses work by bending light rays that pass through them through
refraction.
_______9. The depth of field describes the range of distances at which objects are in
focus when viewed through a lens.
_______10. The mirror in a microscope is convex, so it focuses the light to a real image
on the same side of the mirror as the object.
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What’s In
In this lesson, you will learn how lenses are used in devices utilized by
scientists and even ordinary people like you.
You will have a broader understanding on how lenses are widely used in our day to
day living and how they play a significant role in technology.
What’s New
Lenses
A lens is a piece of transparent material that is shaped so as to cause light
rays to bend in a specific way as they pass through it, whether that means making
the rays converge to a specific point or to diverge as if from a specific point. The
material used could be a piece of glass or plastic, and the shape of the lens
determines whether it causes light rays to converge or diverge. The word “lens” comes
from the Latin word for “lentil,” due to the similarity in shape between a converging
lens and the legume.
The actual bending of light rays produced by a lens occurs because the lens
material has a different index of refraction than the surrounding air. This behavior
is described by Snell’s law for refraction, which relates the different in angle between
the incident and refracted light ray to the indices of refraction for the two materials.
In short, the law says that if you’re going from a lower refractive index
substance to a higher one (e.g., from air to glass), the light ray is deflected towards
the “normal” to the surface (i.e., towards the direction perpendicular to the surface
at that point) and that the opposite is true for light rays going from a higher refractive
index material to a lower one. (6)
Terms in Optics
There are quite a few unique terms used in optics and understanding these is
crucial if you’re studying the physics of lenses.
• Focal point is the point where parallel rays converge when after passing
through a lens.
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• Focal length of a lens is the distance from its center to the focal point.
• Optical axis is the line of symmetry for the lens.
• Light ray is an approximation of the path of light, where straight lines
are used to represent the motion of light waves.
• Biconvex lens is a simple optical lens with two convex
What is It
Image Source:
https://thesocialclasslens.files.wordpress.com/2014/03/magnifying-glass-2.jpg
A magnifying glass, in effect, tricks your eyes into seeing what isn't there. Light
rays from the object enter the glass in parallel but are refracted by the lens so that
they converge as they exit, and create a "virtual image" on the retina of your eye. This
image appears to be larger than the object itself because of simple geometry: Your
eyes trace the light rays back in straight lines to the virtual image, which is farther
from your eyes than the object is and thus appears bigger. (7)
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Image Source: https://sciencing.com/magnifying-glasses-work-4567139.html
The magnifying lens is a critical aspect of modern technology. Without it, you
would not be able to take advantage of cameras, watch movies on a screen or use
gadgets such as the night-vision goggles that are vital in certain military operations.
Going back to the early 17th century, Galileo assembled the first astronomical
telescope, and discovered previously unknown features of Earth's moon and nearby
planets, and also revealed that Jupiter has multiple moons of its own. (7)
2. Camera
A camera lens is one of the most familiar types of lenses you encounter on a
daily basis, and these come in many different types, although they all share the same
basic principles of operation outlined previously. (8)
The aperture, which lets light into the inside of the camera, corresponds to
the pupil. The system of lenses in a camera performs the same function as the lens
of the eye. However, whereas the lens of the eye changes shape to change focus, glass
lenses are not very forgiving of shape changes. Instead, the lens system can be slid
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along its optical axis in order to focus on the film. Of course, the film plays the role
of the retina. In addition, cameras have a shutter, which opens and closes quickly
so that the film does not get inundated with light. This produces a more or less clear
image of the instant that the photographer shoots. (9)
A prime lens is a basic lens with a fixed focal length, and a zoom lens has a
variable focal length, so you don’t have to physically change your location to get
something in focus. A wide-angle lens is a type of lens with a very small focal length
that dramatically increases the field of view, and a fisheye lens is essentially an
extreme version of a wide-angle lens. (8)
3. Eyeglass or Contact Lens
Other common types of lenses are eyeglasses lenses or the contact lens, and
both of these works to correct the problems with your vision. If you’re “nearsighted,”
this means your eye lenses create images in front of the light-sensitive retina in your
eye, and so you need diverging (concave) lenses to move the image further back.
If you’re “farsighted,” the lenses in your eyes would produce an image further
back than your retinas, so you need converging lenses to correct this issue.
Both contact lenses and eyeglasses correct this in the same way – by adding
an additional corrective lens to make the effective focal length of your eye match the
distance to your retina – but there are differences because contact lenses sit directly
on your eyes. In a contact lens, the lens doesn’t need to cover as much space (it only
needs to be big enough for your pupil at its maximum dilation) and can achieve this
with less material. For eyeglasses lenses, the lens needs to cover a much larger area
and is thicker as a result. (8)
4. Microscope
Microscopes work by using biconvex lenses (lenses with two convex sides) to
produce a magnified version of the images. Microscopes are a little more complicated
(because they usually have multiple lenses), but they produce magnified images in
basically the same way. As on microscopes, these have another lens in the eyepiece
to make sure the captured light is in focus when it reaches your eye. The other major
type of telescope is a reflector telescope, which uses mirrors instead of lenses to
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gather the light and send it to your eye. The mirror is concave, so it focuses the light
to a real image on the same side of the mirror as the object. (8)
Image Source:
https://sciencing.com/difference-glass-compound-light-microscope-8611655.html
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5. Binoculars
Binoculars and telescopes are the next best thing. They take you up to the
action without having to move a muscle. Binoculars are based on the science of
optics and some pretty clever tricks that lenses pull on light. (11)
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The prisms explain why binoculars are heavy and why they are sometimes
quite chunky in the middle. Field glasses, which are compact binoculars like the
ones shown in the photo here, flip the incoming images using only lenses. There are
no prisms, so field glasses are smaller, lighter and more compact—but the image
quality is poorer. (11)
What’s More
Materials:
1. Illustration board or cardboard
2. Black cartolina, cutting mat
3. Pin or sewing needle, glue or sticky tape
4. Cutter, scissors, ruler, flashlight or lamp
Procedure:
1. Using the materials given, design and construct an improvised camera based on
the information gathered from different resources.
2. A record sheet is provided as your guide for accomplishing the written report on
your constructed camera.
Reference Video: Pinhole Camera by ThinkTac
1. What is a lens?
2. How are images formed with lenses?
3. What are the devices where lenses are used?
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POST-TEST: Assessment
1. A ray of light passing through the focal point at an angle to the optic axis of a
2. What happens to the image produced by a pinhole camera when you move the
back wall farther from the pinhole? It becomes…
A. larger and fainter.
B. larger and brighter.
C. smaller and brighter.
D. smaller and fainter.
3. The shortest mirror in which a creature from outer space can see its entire body
is _________________________.
5. A ray of light parallel to the optic axis of a concave mirror is reflected back
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C. for structural reasons not related to optics.
D. to get multiple images of the filament.
10. A converging lens is used to form a sharp image of a candle. If the lower half of
the lens is covered by a piece of paper, the
11. In most cameras the location of the image is adjusted to appear on the film by
changing the
12.What kind of mirror is used by department stores to give a wider area and smaller
image of the shoppers?
A. Plane mirror
B. Convex mirror
C. Concave mirror
D. None of the above
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13. If you wish to have a magnified image of your face for applying makeup or
shaving, the mirror you will use must be:
A. Convex mirror
B. Concave mirror
C. Plane mirror
D. any of these
15. A person views his image in front of a mirror. His image appeared to be real,
inverted and larger than him. What kind of mirror did he used?
A. Plane Mirror B. Convex mirror C. Concave Mirror D. Magic Mirror
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