RESEARCH REPORT - Final - 1676436241

AWARENESS REGARDING MENTAL HEALTH AMONG
CAREGIVERS OF PATIENTS IN A MENTAL HOSPITAL

OF LALITPUR
By:
Bibusha Rajkarnikar
P.U. Registration No. 094-6-2-05518-2019
Research Report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Post

Basic-Bachelor in Nursing Science Degree from Purbanchal University, B & B
Medical Institute, Gwarko, Lalitpur
February, 2023
AWARENESS REGARDING MENTAL HEALTH AMONG
CAREGIVERS OF PATIENTS IN A MENTAL HOSPITAL
OF LALITPUR
By:
Bibusha Rajkarnikar
P.U. Registration No. 094-6-2-05518-2019
Research Report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Post

Basic-Bachelor in Nursing Science Degree from Purbanchal University, B & B
Medical Institute, Gwarko, Lalitpur
February, 2023
APPROVAL SHEET
The research report entitled on "Awareness regarding Mental Health among Caregivers
of Patients in a Mental Hospital of Lalitpur", my bonafide work, is being submitted for
approval to B&B Medical Institute, Gwarko, Lalitpur, to fulfill the requirement of Post
Basic-Bachelor in Nursing Science Degree in Nursing Programme, Purbanchal
University.
Student ……………………
Bibusha Rajkarnikar
Research Report approved by:
Research Advisor: ……………………
Ms. Puspa Bhatta, BN Faculty Lecturer,

B & B Medical Institute
Campus Chief: ……………………
Prof. Dr. Rosy Shrestha, Associate

Professor, B & B Medical Institute
Internal Examiner: ……………………
Ms. Jayanti Gautam, Assistant Professor,

B & B Medical Institute
External Examiner: ……………………
Ms. Sumita Pathak, Assistant Professor,

Kathmandu Model Hospital School of
Date: Nursing
ii
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Mental health is an integral component of health and well-
being and is a basic human right. Mental health conditions are in increasing trend
worldwide. Yet the area of mental health is overlooked and ignored in Nepal and is
further attached with strong social stigma. These factors ultimately affect mentally ill and
their caregivers from seeking necessary treatments. So, as caregivers play crucial role in
effective treatment of mentally ill, assessing their level of awareness regarding mental
health is essential and so is the aim of this study.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 73 caregivers

of patients from both inpatient and outpatient departments of Mental Hospital of
Lagankhel, Lalitpur. Data was collected through face to face interview using semi
structured questionnaire and then were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0.
Findings: As per the study, regarding age, more than half of the respondents were ≤ 35
years, and the mean age ± standard deviation was 36.89 ± 13.71. Findings of the study
showed that 91.8% of respondents were aware regarding mental health whereas only
8.2% were unaware. Further, regarding association between level of awareness and
selected socio-demographic variables, the significant association of level of awareness
regarding mental health was found only with educational status of the respondents.
Conclusion: Hence, the present study concludes that almost all of the caregivers of
mentally ill patients are aware about mental health. Likewise, the significant predictor for
better awareness is educational status of caregivers.
Key words: Awareness, Caregivers, Mental health
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this research is a great privilege for researcher and it is not
only the result of researcher's single effort but also with the valuable suggestion,
guidance, help and support from several people. Therefore, I have great pleasure
expressing thanks to all who have attributed in completing this research study.
Foremost, I would like to express sincere gratitude to Purbanchal University and B&B
Medical Institute for providing the opportunity to carry out research as a partial
fulfillment of requirement of Post Basic-Bachelor in Nursing Science programme. I
would like to extend deepest appreciation and special thanks and gratitude to the research
advisor Ms. Puspa Bhatta for providing endless expertise suggestion, supervision, co-
operation, guidance, encouragement and support throughout the study. I would also like
to convey sincere thanks and heartfelt appreciation to respected Campus Chief Prof. Dr.
Rosy Shrestha and Academic Director Ms. Gyanu Basnet for providing this great
opportunity.
Furthermore, I would also like to express sincere gratitude to the respected Director and
Matron of Mental Hospital, Lagankhel Lalitpur for allowing to conduct my research
study. My cordial thanks and appreciation goes to respected co-ordinator Ms. Pushpa
Koirala, respected teachers Ms. Jayanti Gautam, Ms. Rachana Pokharel of PBNS 3rd year
faculty, and Associate professor of Biostatistics Mr. Bibhav Adhikari for providing
valuable knowledge and important recommendations and also to all other PBNS as well
as BSN faculty teachers for providing constructive and insightful feedbacks throughout
the study. I am also extremely thankful to all library staffs for providing related
literatures through journals, reports and articles.
Finally, my sincere and earnest thanks goes to all the respondents who participated and
openly shared their thoughts, without which this research would not have been possible.
Thank You!
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE ....................................................................................................................... i

APPROVAL SHEET .......................................................................................................... ii
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................. iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................... v
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ vii
LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... viii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 1
1.1 Background ............................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem ...................................................................................... 3
1.3 Rationale of the Study ........................................................................................... 3
1.4 Objectives of Study ............................................................................................... 6
1.5 Significance of Study............................................................................................. 6
1.6 Research Question ................................................................................................. 6
1.7 Study Variables...................................................................................................... 7
1.8 Conceptual Framework.......................................................................................... 8
1.9 Operational Definition ........................................................................................... 9
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE ................................................................... 10
2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 10
2.2 Review of Literature ............................................................................................ 10
2.3 Summary of Literature Review ........................................................................... 15
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................................................ 16
3.1 Research Design .................................................................................................. 16
3.2 Study Population.................................................................................................. 16
3.3 Study Setting........................................................................................................ 17
3.4 Sample Size ......................................................................................................... 17
3.5 Sampling technique ............................................................................................. 17
3.6 Exclusion criteria ................................................................................................. 18
3.7 Data Collection Tool ........................................................................................... 18
v
3.8 Validity and Pre-testing ....................................................................................... 19
3.9 Ethical Consideration .......................................................................................... 19
3.10 Data Collection Procedure ................................................................................. 19
3.11 Data Analysis Procedure ................................................................................... 20
CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS OF THE STUDY ................................................................. 21
CHAPTER V: DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION .............. 34
5.1 Discussion ............................................................................................................ 34
5.2 Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 39
5.3 Limitation ............................................................................................................ 39
5.4 Recommendation ................................................................................................. 40
REFERENCES ................................................................................................................. 41
APPENDICES .................................................................................................................. 35
Appendix A: Informed Consent ................................................................................. ix
Appendix B: Research Instrument .............................................................................. xi
Appendix C: Approval Letter .................................................................................. xxii
vi
LIST OF TABLES
Table No. List of Tables Page No.
Table 1 Age, Sex, Religion, Educational Status and Place of 22

Residence of Respondents
Table 2 Occupation, Relation with Patient, Duration of Care Given 23

and Attending Awareness Program of Respondents
Table 3 Awareness regarding Concept of Mental Health among 24

Respondents
Table 4 Awareness regarding Mental Illness among Respondents 25
Table 5 Awareness regarding Causes of Mental Illness among 26

Respondents
Table 6 Awareness regarding Mentally Ill People among 27

Respondents
Table 7 Awareness regarding Sign and Symptoms of Mental Illness 28

among Respondents
Table 8 Awareness regarding Treatment of Mental Illness among 29

Respondents
Table 9 Awareness regarding Prevention of Mental Illness among 30

Respondents
Table 10 Mean Score on Caregivers’ Awareness regarding Mental 31

Health
Table 11 Awareness regarding Mental Health among Caregivers 32
Table 12 Association of Level of Awareness with Selected Variables 33

of Caregivers
vii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. List of Figure Page No.
Figure 1 Conceptual Framework 8
viii
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Mental health is a state of mental well-being that enables people to cope with the stresses
of life, realize their abilities, learn well and work well, and contribute to their community.
It is an integral component of health and well-being and is a basic human right. It is
crucial to personal, community and socio-economic development (World Health
Organization, 2022a).
A mental disorder is characterized by a clinically significant disturbance in an

individual’s cognition, emotional regulation, or behavior which is usually associated with
significant distress, impairment in important areas of functioning and risk of self-harm.
There are many different types of mental disorders. In 2019, 1 in every 8 people, or 970
million people around the world were living with a mental disorder. Depression was one
of the leading causes of disability whereas suicide was the fourth leading cause of death
among 15-29-year-olds. While effective prevention and treatment options exist, most
people with mental disorders do not have access to effective care. Despite progress in
some countries, people with mental health conditions often experience severe human
rights violations, discrimination, and stigma. Increased investment is required for mental
health awareness in order to increase understanding and reduce stigma as well as for
efforts to increase access to quality mental health (World Health Organization, 2022b).
Fifty percent of mental illness begins by age 14, and three-quarters begin by age 24.
Major mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder rarely appear “out of the
blue”. Most often family, friends, teachers or individuals themselves begin to recognize
small changes about their thinking, feelings or behavior before an illness appears in its
full-blown form. Sleep, appetite or mood changes, social withdrawal, loss of interest in
activities previously enjoyed, drop in normal functioning, problems with concentration,
memory, thought and speech, feeling disconnected from oneself or one’s surroundings,
illogical thinking, fear or suspiciousness of others, unusual behavior are some of the
symptoms of mental illness. People with suicidal intent, or thoughts of harming others,
need immediate attention. Learning about these early developing warning signs can help
in early intervention that can help reduce the severity of an illness or it may even be
possible to delay or prevent a major mental illness altogether (American Psychiatric
Association, 2022).
Mental health is a neglected issue in Nepal. People suffering from mental disorders are
often seen as threats by Nepalese society leading to denial for seeking treatment and
stigmatization. Then, there are cultural beliefs, myths, and religious convictions around
causes and consequences of mental disorders that further discourage people to seek
service from the health facilities. Therefore the mentally ill and their families in Nepal
seek help from traditional healers. Thus, barriers in accessing mental health care are still
huge in Nepal. The National Mental Health Survey carried out in Nepal from January
2019 to January 2020 in all seven provinces of Nepal found that the prevalence of mental
disorder among adolescents was 5.2% whereas among the adult participants, 10% had
any mental disorder during their lifetime, and 4.3% had any mental disorder at the time of
survey (Nepal Health Research Council, 2020).
People in Nepal are still extremely lacking in terms of mental health awareness as they
tend not to view mental conditions as diseases, disorders or health problems, but rather as
spiritual issues. This results in minimal help-seeking behavior, which is an indicator of
low levels of mental health literacy (Shakya, 2016).
2
Family members are the primary caregivers and have been the mainstay of caregiving for
persons with mental illnesses in most of the nonwestern world. Usually the family
caregivers plays multiple role in care of mentally ill patients such as taking care of the
day-to-day needs of the patients as well as monitoring the mental state, identifying the
early signs of illness, relapse and deterioration, and helping the patient in accessing
services. Furthermore, the family caregiver also supervises medication, provides
emotional support to the patient, and takes the patient to the hospital and look after the
financial needs (Chadda, 2014).
Mental health awareness is an important social movement which is critical to

promoting access to mental health treatment and behavioral health. Moreover, it's
crucial for caregivers, employers, parents and family members to understand the
impact that mental health has on daily life. As mental health conditions make daily
life more difficult, when the people in your life understand and prioritize mental
health care, it makes it easier to take the actions needed to take care of mental health
(Campbell, 2022).
1.2 Statement of the Problem

A descriptive cross sectional study was used to assess awareness regarding mental health
among caregivers of patients in a Mental Hospital of Lalitpur.
1.3 Rationale of the Study

Caregivers have a major role in care of mentally ill person. The overall activities of
daily living, functionality and providing medication to mentally ill depend upon their
caregivers. So, an effective caregiver for a person with a mental illness is someone who is
properly informed about the person’s mental illness. This includes knowledge about the
symptoms, risk factors and treatment options. Recognizing a trigger provides the
opportunity for the person to put supports in place to avoid illness. Additionally, some
people who experience recurrent episodes of mental illness show consistent early
warning signs over time. So, if a caregiver knows the person’s warning signs, they may
be able to help them recognize when they occur and to take steps to prevent relapse.
3
Besides, when caregiver constantly observe, listen and tactfully enquire about how they
are, they can assist with monitoring the symptoms to see if they are becoming worse
(Mental Health First Aid Australia, n.d.).
The extent to benefit from mental health services is influenced not only by the quality
and availability of services but also by the knowledge and belief systems of the people.
Better knowledge is often reported to result in favorable attitudes towards mental illness
and a belief that mental illnesses are treatable can encourage early treatment-seeking and
promote better outcomes. Assessing public knowledge and attitude would be the pre-
requisite as their practices are influenced accordingly. Studies involving the affected
individual and their caregiver are scarce and assessing their perspectives about mental
health is important as they are involved directly in treatment and this may influence the
ultimate outcome (Adhikari & Jha, 2021).
Current stigma shames the mentally ill. In addition, there is the attitude that these people
are either crazy, possessed by demons, violent, out of control or unsafe due to the lack of
awareness. Raising awareness can eliminate such stigmas and misconceptions.
Furthermore, mental health awareness increases the chances for early intervention,
resulting in a fast recovery. Awareness can also create new improvements for the
mentally ill as awareness creates more demand from the public, which can produce a
flow of attention. This attention can eventually result in great changes for the mentally
ill. It can lead to improvements on policy, research, and service (Swhelper, 2019).
A cross-sectional descriptive survey carried out to examine mental health literacy among
caregivers of mentally ill found that the majority of the participants were holding
stigmatizing attitudes toward people with mental illness in relation to social participation,
treatment, work, marriage and recovery which indicates that there is an urgent need to
educate and change the attitudes of the caregivers regarding mental illness through
mental health literacy programs (Poreddi et al., 2015).
Promoting mental health and well-being are integral parts of the Sustainable
Development Goals. However, many low and middle-income countries, including Nepal
4
currently allocate less than 2 percent of the health budget to the treatment and prevention
of mental disorders. Besides that, the pilot survey of national mental health survey
conducted in Nepal figured out that among those with any form of mental disorder, only
18.4% received the treatment in last 12 months in which the major barriers in accessing
and receiving care were related to the knowledge and attitude related barriers (Jha et al.,
2018).
Research plays a crucial part in promotion of mental health by helping us understand the
need for mental health awareness programs, services, policies and strategies along with
their effectiveness. Yet, despite of increasing trend of prevalence rates of mental
disorders in Nepal, research done on mental health literacy is very limited. Compared to
studies done on area of physical health, the studies related to mental health remains
relatively neglected and undervalued due to which Nepalese people's awareness
regarding mental health is not very well known. As a consequence, we are not able to
properly rule out the needs for effective policies and programs on mental health and its
services. Few studies done on similar topics have indicated inadequate awareness
regarding mental health and mental illness among participants.
Besides these data's, during researcher's experience while working in Mental Hospital,
caregivers ignorance and mistreatment toward mentally ill patient was observed.
Thereby, possible lack of awareness among caregivers was felt. Since, awareness of a
caregiver ultimately affect help seeking and treatment of patient as caregivers are directly
involved in overall management and outcome, this study is of utmost importance. Thus,
this study intends to better understand caregiver's awareness regarding mental health and
mental illness which subsequently can be beneficial for our community by helping to
work toward promotion of mental health based upon outcome of this research.
5
1.4 Objectives of Study
General Objective
To assess the awareness regarding mental health among caregivers of patients in a Mental
Hospital of Lalitpur.
Specific Objectives
To identify level of awareness regarding mental health among caregivers of patients in a
Mental Hospital of Lalitpur.
To find out association between level of awareness regarding mental health and selected
variables such as age, religion, educational status, place of residence, relation with
patient, duration of care given and attending awareness program.
1.5 Significance of Study

The study assessed the level of awareness regarding mental health among caregivers of
patients in a Mental hospital of Lalitpur.
The study might serve as references for the future research related to similar topic.
The findings of the study might be helpful for the concerned organization to plan and
organize mental health awareness programs.
1.6 Research Question

What is the awareness regarding mental health among caregivers of patients in a Mental
Hospital of Lalitpur?
6
1.7 Study Variables
Dependent Variable
Awareness regarding mental health among caregivers
Independent Variables
Age
Religion
Educational status
Place of residence
Relation with patient
Duration of care given
Attending awareness program
7
1.8 Conceptual Framework
Age
Religion Educational status
Awareness regarding
Relation with patient Place of residence
mental health among
caregivers
Duration of care given Attending awareness program
Aware Unaware
(≥ 50%) (< 50%)
Figure 1: Conceptual Framework

A conceptual framework helps to display what researcher wants to find out through their
research stating the relevant variables and their expected relationship for the study.
Hence, after extensive literature review of relevant studies, conceptual framework was
developed including demographic variables such as age, religion, educational status,
place of residence, relation with patient, duration of care given and attending an
awareness program, which may have influence upon level of awareness regarding mental
health among caregivers of mentally ill patient.
8
1.9 Operational Definition
In this study,
Awareness refers to having information and understanding related to mental health,

mental illness, its causes or risk factors, sign and symptoms, prevention and treatment.
Level of awareness will be measured by calculating the total possible scores of

constructed instrument and then will be classified into following two categories based on
rule of thumb:
Aware: ≥ 50% (median score ≥ 25)
Unaware: < 50% (median score < 25)
Caregivers refers to the family members, close relatives or friends, 18 years and above,
who have been providing care and assisting with daily needs of mentally ill patient for
atleast 24 hours in those admitted in inpatient department, whereas, for atleast 1 month in
those visiting outpatient department, of Mental Hospital of Lagankhel, Lalitpur.
9
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Introduction
Extensive literature review was carried out for gaining knowledge and understanding on
the subject as well as to identify facts, figures and findings from existing research
relevant for this study. For that reason, various journals, articles, reports, factsheets,
websites, databases were referred through internet. The databases used were PubMed,
Google Scholar, CINAHL, Research4Life and the keywords used to search relevant
literature were awareness, knowledge, mental health, mental health literacy, mental
illness and caregivers. Hence, this chapter presents the literatures reviewed during the
research study.
2.2 Review of Literature
Mental health is a state of mental well-being that enables people to cope with the stresses
of life, realize their abilities, learn well and work well, and contribute to their community.
Whereas, a mental disorder is characterized by a clinically significant disturbance in an
individual’s cognition, emotional regulation, or behavior which is usually associated with
significant distress, impairment in important areas of functioning and risk of self-harm
(World Health Organization, 2022a). Sleep, appetite or mood changes, social withdrawal,
loss of interest in activities previously enjoyed, problems with concentration, memory,
thought and speech, illogical thinking, fear or suspiciousness of others, unusual behavior
are some of the symptoms of mental illness. Learning about these early developing
warning signs can help in early intervention that can help reduce the severity of an illness
or it may even be possible to delay or prevent a major mental illness altogether
(American Psychiatric Association, 2022).
A cross sectional comparative study carried among 80 patients and 80 caregivers visiting
neuropsychiatry OPD of a tertiary care hospital of Eastern Nepal, to assess their
knowledge, perception and attitude found that about 75% from both groups had good
knowledge about mental illness with positive perception in only about 60% of both
group. Also, 93.8% knew that mental health is an essential component of health and most
attributed mental illness as brain disease. Thus, the study suggested a need to promote
mental health education focusing on those aspects to reduce self-stigma among patients
and caregivers (Adhikari & Jha, 2021).
A descriptive cross-sectional study done with an objective to assess the knowledge and
attitude on mental illness among people of a selected community of Biratnagar presented
that 97.8% had adequate knowledge on mental illness where 88% viewed mental illness
as a medical condition, 89.1% knew that depression was a mental illness. Majority
(68.5%) agreed that they should have equal rights as others. Also, 66.7% perceived that
mental illness was treatable with regular treatment and follow-up whereas all
participant’s choice of first contact was psychiatrist (Jha & Mandal, 2021).
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among adults in Putalibazar

Municipality of Syangja district of Nepal to assess knowledge and attitude on mental
disorder showed that the majority (54.7%) respondents had poor knowledge and the rest
(45.3%) respondents had a good level of knowledge on mental disorders. Three-fifth
respondents (59.7%) had negative attitude and the rest two-fifth respondents (40.3%) had
positive attitude towards mental disorders (Nepal et al., 2021).
A cross-sectional study conducted to find out caregivers’ attitude towards people with
mental illness and perceived stigma in a Tertiary Hospital of Nepal revealed that the
11
overall median score was 42 for attitude (score range: 18–90) and 28 for perceived stigma
(score range: 12–60) and inter-quartile range being 8 each. So, this study suggested for
interventions targeting these high-risk populations for building a positive attitude and
overcome the perceived social stigma (Neupane et al., 2016)
A cross-sectional study carried out among 425 main family caregivers of mentally ill
patients at Assiut University Hospital with the aim to assess the caregivers’ knowledge
and attitude towards mental illness as well as their health-seeking behavior for their
mentally ill relative’s revealed low scores of knowledge and attitude towards mental
illness. Also, 63% of the participants disagree that mental illness is genetic and the
majority of caregivers (80.2%) firstly went to traditional healers for treatment. Age of the
caregivers, their education, and the type of first consulted care and aggressive behavior of
the mentally ill relatives were associated with knowledge and attitude towards mental
illness (Gabra et al., 2020).
A cross-sectional study conducted to assess the knowledge and attitudes toward mental
disorders found that mean score of the Mental Health Knowledge Questionnaire
(MHKQ) and The Perceived Discrimination and Devaluation scale (PDD) were (15. 89 ±
2.69) and (33.77 ± 6.66), respectively. Also, 96.2% agreed that positive attitudes and
healthy life style can help maintain mental health. And higher MHKQ scores (P < 0.05)
was found in people with higher education levels, those who had contact with mentally
ill, and those who learned about mental disorders by personal encounter (Li et al., 2018).
A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 140 community people of

Ritthepani-27, Kaski, Nepal, to assess knowledge regarding human rights and myth of
mental illness, found that 46.40% of the community people had inadequate knowledge
regarding human rights of mentally ill patients and there was no significant association
between demographic variables and knowledge score of the respondents (Koirala et al.,
2019).
A cross-sectional descriptive survey carried out among caregivers of persons with mental
illness at outpatient department of a tertiary care center, to examine mental health literacy
12
showed that a majority agreed that genetic inheritance (69%), substance abuse (64%) and
brain disease (59.6%) were main factors for developing mental illness. 61.5% also agreed
that people with mental health problems were largely to blame for their condition. The
majority of the participants also agreed that mentally ill were not able to maintain
friendships (45.9%), were dangerous (54%), and not capable to work (59.1%) and
majority (68.4%) agreed that anyone can suffer from a mental illness (Poreddi et al.,
2015).
A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted to assess awareness and attitude towards

mental illness among rural population in Kolar revealed that majority (39%) of the
participants agreed that mental illness was caused by brain disease. On the other hand,
one-fifth thought mental illness was God’s punishment. Also 22% thought that people
with mental health problems were largely to blame for their own condition and one-third
felt that someone with a mental illness were usually dangerous. Less than one-fifth
thought someone could recover from mental illness and only 11% were aware that mental
health services were available in the community (Sneha et al., 2019).
A community-based cross-sectional study conducted in the Jimma zone to assess the

knowledge about mental health found that 44.8% of the respondents had inadequate
knowledge. Moreover, the percentage of responses that attributed the causes of mental
illness to possession by an evil spirit, God’s punishment, and witchcraft were
significantly high 87.6%, 76.4% and 67.1%, Also most (89.5%) considered lack of sleep
and 92.6% considered hallucination as sign and symptoms of mental illness. Further,
89.5% and 91.9% were aware that excessive feeling of sadness and trying to kill oneself
were also signs and symptoms of mental illness. So, the study concluded that knowledge
of mental illness among the general public was relatively poor and higher levels of
education were associated with good knowledge of mental health problems (Tesfaye et
al., 2021).
The study carried out to assess the knowledge of mental illness among caregivers of
alcoholics revealed that 13.3% of the subject had good knowledge and 68.3% had
13
average knowledge which showed that knowledge of mental illness among caregivers of
alcoholic patients was average (Mohite et al, 2014).
The study conducted to identify caregivers’ mental health literacy in Malaysia found that
most of the caregivers have some understanding about their relatives’ mental illness.
Also, more than half of the participants found that the doctors were considered as their
primary source of information about mental health (Mohamad et al., 2012).
A study carried out among family caregivers in a mental health out-patient clinic
regarding knowledge about their ill relatives’ mental illness and treatment revealed that
76% had no knowledge about illness of relatives, 84% did not know about the diagnosis
76% had poor knowledge of medication (Jack-Ide &Amegheme, 2016).
The study done to assess the knowledge of family members of persons with mental
illness about mental illness at the outpatient department of a Tertiary Care Mental Health
Institute in Northeast India found that family members’ knowledge about mental illness
was inadequate (Ahmed & Baruah, 2017).
A study carried out to assess knowledge and attitude towards mental illness among
caregivers of mentally ill client attending outpatient department in a psychiatry hospital
of Goa showed that that 16% of subjects had good knowledge, 79% had average
knowledge and 5% had poor knowledge about mental illness which reveals that there was
dearth of information about mental illness among caregivers accompanying mentally ill
client. Also, majority (89%) of the respondent had negative attitude towards mental
illness while only 11% had positive attitude towards mental illness (Sawant, 2020).
14
2.3 Summary of Literature Review
Caregivers play an important role in providing care for the mentally ill patients as they
take care of daily needs of the patient, monitors their mental state, identify the early signs
of mental illness, its relapse and deterioration, and also help the patient access health care
services. Furthermore, the caregiver also supervises treatment and provides emotional
support to the patient. However, all of these literatures from various countries suggests
that the knowledge regarding mental health among majority of caregivers are inadequate
and most of them have stigmatized attitude toward mental illness. Hence, caregiver's lack
of awareness and stigma towards mental disorders worsens the prognosis and compliance
towards treatment. Moreover, research done on this area is very limited in Nepal.
Therefore, this research was conducted to assess the level of awareness among caregivers
of patients in a Mental Hospital of Lalitpur which could serve as basis for planning and
implementing awareness programs in future that may help improve mental health literacy
and reduce stigma in our community.
15
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design

A descriptive cross-sectional research design was adopted for this study to assess
awareness regarding mental health among caregivers of patients in a Mental Hospital of
Lalitpur.
3.2 Study Population

The population for this study was the caregivers of patients from both inpatient
department and outpatient department of Mental Hospital, Lagankhel, Lalitpur. The
inpatient department consisted of 47 beds. Further, the outpatient department was visited
by around 1300 patients in 2 weeks period, based on their records. Therefore, the
estimated study population (N) was around 1347. Besides, as it contained individuals
from different part of the country with wide variety of socio-demographic and cultural
characteristics, the study population was diverse in nature.
3.3 Study Setting
The research was carried out in Mental Hospital located at Lagankhel, Lalitpur. It is a 50
bedded, tertiary level, first and only government mental hospital of Nepal. It was
established in 1984AD. And currently, this hospital is providing inpatient, outpatient,
emergency, psychological counseling, ECT (Electroconvulsive Therapy), TMS
(Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation), pharmacy, lab services as well as telephone hotline
services for national suicide prevention.
3.4 Sample Size

For this study, sample size was calculated using Cochran's Formula where the confidence
level was set at 95% and the error rate was set at 10% as the study was being carried out
in diverse population.
Prevalence rate (p) = 75% = 0.75 (Adhikari & Jha, 2021)
Non prevalence rate (q) = 1-p = 0.25
Level of significance (Z) = 95% = 1.96
Error rate (e) = 10% = 0.1
Now,
𝑍 2 (𝑝𝑞)
Sample size (n) =
𝑒2
1.962 (0.75×0.25)
=
0.12
3.8416×0.1875
=
0.01
0.7203
=
0.01
= 72.03
Therefore, the total sample size for this study was 73.
3.5 Sampling technique

For this study, non-probability purposive sampling technique was used.
17
3.6 Exclusion criteria
Caregivers who were below 18 years of age were excluded.
Caregivers who were unwilling to participate in the study were excluded.
Caregivers with care giving duration less than 24 hours and 1 month in inpatient and out-
patient department, respectively, were excluded.
3.7 Data Collection Tool

A semi-structured questionnaire consisting of multiple choice and multiple response
questions was constructed based on objectives of this research by referring to available
literatures as well as by consulting with research guide and expertise subject teachers.
Then, questionnaire developed in English language was translated into Nepali language
and again was translated back to English to ensure its accuracy.
Questionnaire was divided into two parts:
Part I consisted of 9 questions related to socio-demographic information of caregiver
including age, sex, religion, educational status, place of residence, occupation, relation
with patient, duration of care given and attending awareness program.
Part II consisted of 22 questions that included 15 multiple choice questions and 7
multiple response questions related to awareness regarding mental health which included
domains such as concept of mental health (items 1-3), mental illness (items 4-6), its
causes of mental illness (items 7-9), about mentally ill people(items 10-12), sign and
symptoms of mental illness (items 13-14), treatment of mental illness (items 15-19) and
prevention of mental illness (items 20-22), where each correct response carried 1 mark
and each incorrect response carried 0 mark in multiple choice questions. Similarly, 1
mark was assigned if correct response was selected, 0 mark was assigned if correct
response was not selected and further 0 mark was assigned if incorrect response was
selected and 1 mark was assigned if incorrect response was not selected in multiple
response questions. Therefore, the total score of questionnaire was 50 and median score
was 25.
18
3.8 Validity and Pre-testing
Content validity of instrument was maintained by extensive review of literature as well as

by consulting with research advisor and the expertise in related field to conserve
comprehensiveness of content.
Pre-testing of instrument was done in a similar setting, in 10% of total sample size, which
was 8 participants meeting the study criteria. Pre-testing was conducted at Tranquility
Hospital and Research Centre, Hattiban, Lalitpur to assess questionnaire's
comprehensiveness, understandability and simplicity. No necessary modification of
instrument was needed.
3.9 Ethical Consideration

Formal permission letter was taken from B&B Medical Institute.
Formal permission letter was taken from the Director of Mental Hospital prior to
conducting this study.
Explanation regarding study, its purposes was provided to each participant prior to study.
Informed written consent was taken from each participant before collecting data.
Participant's right to refuse or withdraw from study at any time was respected.
Confidentiality of every participant was maintained throughout the study.
Obtained data from the study was used only for research purpose.
3.10 Data Collection Procedure

Formal written permission was taken from B & B Medical Institute.
Formal written permission was taken from Mental Hospital for conducting this study.
Informed written consent was taken from each participant prior to data collection.
Semi-structured questionnaire was constructed and used for data collection.
Data was collected through face to face interview by researcher herself.
Data collection was carried out for 2 weeks.
19
3.11 Data Analysis Procedure
Collected data was firstly checked and reviewed and then was properly coded and entered
into Microsoft Excel and subsequently into SPSS20.0 version for data processing.
Then, the collected data's were analyzed through descriptive statistics such as frequency,
percentage, mean, standard deviation and mean percentage. Also, appropriate inferential
statistics: fisher's exact test was used to determine the association between level of
awareness regarding mental health and selected variables. Fisher’s exact test was carried
out for data analysis as the data were not normally distributed. Moreover, cell values
were less than 5. Further, the statistical significance was set at <0.05 for all analyses. The
analyzed data were presented in academic tables.
20
CHAPTER IV
FINDINGS OF THE STUDY
A descriptive cross sectional study was used to assess awareness regarding mental health
among 73 caregivers of patients in Mental Hospital of Lagankhel, Lalitpur. Data was
collected through face to face interview using semi-structured questionnaire that was
constructed based on study objectives. Then, the collected data was analyzed using SPSS
20.0 version. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics such as frequency,
percentage, mean, standard deviation and mean percentage. Also, appropriate inferential
statistics such as fisher's exact test was used to determine the association between level of
awareness and study variables. The statistical significance was set at ≤0.05 for all
analyses.
The findings of study are presented in academic tables. Socio-demographic variables

such as age, sex, religion, educational status, place of residence, occupation, relation with
patient, duration of care given, and attending awareness program of respondents are
presented in table 1 to 2. Findings of awareness regarding 7 domains related to mental
health among respondents are presented in table 3 to 9. Similarly the data of mean score
on caregivers’ awareness regarding mental health are displayed in table 10. Further, the
data related to level of awareness regarding mental health among caregivers are displayed
in table 11 and its association related findings are presented in table 12.
TABLE 1
Age, Sex, Religion, Educational Status and Place of Residence of
Respondents
n = 73
Variables Number Percent
Age (in years)
≤ 35 38 52.1
36 - 55 26 35.6
≥ 56 9 12.3
Mean ± Standard Deviation 36.89 ± 13.714, Min age = 18 Max age= 70
Sex
Male 42 57.5
Female 31 42.5
Religion
Hinduism 49 67.1
Buddhism 14 19.2
Christianity 10 13.7
Educational Status
Illiterate 7 9.6
Can read and write 6 8.2
Primary level 7 9.6
Secondary level 13 17.8
Higher secondary level 19 26.0
Bachelors level and above 21 28.8
Place of Residence
Urban 45 61.6
Rural 28 38.4
Table 1 illustrates that out of 73 respondents, more than half (52.1% ) were below or
equal to 35 years of age and the mean age ± standard deviation was 36.89 ± 13.714.
Similarly, more than half of the respondents (57.5%) were male, majority of respondents
(67.1%) were following Hinduism, more than one-fourth of respondents (28.8%) had
received education of bachelors level and above and majority of respondents (61.6%)
were from urban area.
22
TABLE 2
Occupation, Relation with Patient, Duration of Care Given and
Attending Awareness Program of Respondents
n = 73
Variables Number Percent
Occupation
Home maker 8 11.0
Agriculture 11 15.1
Business 22 30.1
Health personnel 5 6.8
Unemployed 5 6.8
Student 15 20.5
Others 7 9.6
Family 47 64.4
Relative 15 20.5
Friend 11 15.1
< 1 year 28 38.4
1-5 years 27 37.0
6-10 years 11 15.1
> 10 years 7 9.6
Yes 7 9.6
No 66 90.4
Table 2 illustrates that out of 73 respondents, almost one-third of respondents (30.1%)

respondents were businessperson, majority of respondents (64.4%) were family members
of patient, more than one third (38.4%) of respondents had less than 1 year of caregiving
duration and almost all (90.4%) respondents had never attended any awareness program
related to mental health.
23
TABLE 3
Awareness regarding Concept of Mental Health among Respondents
n = 73
Description Number Percent
Meaning of mental health
Balance in all aspects of life such as social, physical, spiritual and

35 47.9
mental aspects.
Importance of mental health
Mental health is an important part of overall health and wellbeing

68 93.2
for everyone.
Characteristics of mentally healthy person*

Capacity to tolerate frustration and disappointment in daily
70 95.9
activities
Living in world of fantasy # 10 13.7
Feels secure in a group 60 82.2
Excessive mood changes between happiness and sadness # 38 52.1
Positive about self 73 100
* Multiple response question, # Incorrect response
Table 3 illustrates awareness regarding concept of mental health among 73 respondents

where, almost half (47.9%) of respondents knew meaning of mental health and almost all
(93.2%) knew about importance of mental health Further, 95.9%, 82.2% and 100% of the
respondents were aware that the capacity to tolerate frustration and disappointment in
daily life, feeling secure in a group and feeling positive about self, respectively were the
characteristics of mentally healthy person.
24
TABLE 4
Awareness regarding Mental Illness among Respondents
n = 73
Mental illness*
Social phobia 50 68.5
Substance addiction 50 68.5
Brain infection # 56 76.7
Depression 73 100
Hypertension # 9 12.3
True regarding mental illness
Having fluctuation in mood excessively 35 47.9
Incidence of mental illness
Very commonly seen 24 32.9
Table 4 illustrates awareness regarding mental illness among 73 respondents where,

majority (68.5%) of respondents knew that social phobia and substance addiction are
mental illness, also cent percent (100%) of respondents knew depression is a mental
illness. However, most of the respondents (76.7%) thought that brain infection was also a
mental illness which was incorrect response. Likewise, almost half (47.9%) were aware
that excessive fluctuation in mood was true regarding mental illness and about one-third
(32.9%) of respondents thought mental illness was very common.
25
TABLE 5
Awareness regarding Causes of Mental Illness among Respondents
n = 73
Cause of mental illness
Personal weakness # 14 19.2
Number of factors including heredity, stressful or traumatic life

46 63.0
events, chronic diseases etc
One of the main cause of mental illness

Heredity 49 67.1
Evil spirits # 16 21.9
Risk factor of mental illness
Mental illness can affect anyone regardless of age, sex, literacy and
67 91.8
financial class
# Incorrect response
Table 5 illustrates awareness regarding causes of mental illness among 73 respondents

where, majority (63%) of respondents knew that mental illness can be caused due to
number of factors including heredity, stressful or traumatic life events, chronic diseases
etc, whereas 19.2% thought that personal weakness causes it which was incorrect
response. Also, majority (67.1%) knew that heredity is one of the main cause of mental
illness. However, 21.9% thought that evil spirits was the main cause which was incorrect
response. Furthermore, almost all (91.8%) thought that mental illness can affect anyone
regardless of age, sex, literacy and financial class.
26
TABLE 6
Awareness regarding Mentally Ill People among Respondents
n = 73
Aspects of mentally ill people commonly affected by mental illness*
Vision # 30 41.1
Family relationship 69 94.5
Financial situation 61 83.6
Function of kidney # 17 23.3
Sleep and appetite 69 94.5
True statement regarding mentally ill people
Mentally ill people have rights as of normal person. 65 89.0
False statement regarding mentally ill people
Mentally ill people are mostly violent and dangerous. 49 67.1
Table 6 illustrates awareness regarding mentally ill people among 73 respondents where,
almost all (94.5%) of respondents believed that family relations, sleep and appetite of
mentally ill people are affected by mental illness. Also, most (83.6%) believed that
mental illness affects financial situations as well. Likewise, most of the respondents
(89%) believed that mentally ill people should have rights as of normal person. Besides,
majority of respondents stated that the statement ‘mentally ill people are mostly violent
and dangerous’ was false.
27
TABLE 7
Awareness regarding Sign and Symptoms of Mental Illness among
Respondents
n = 73
Sign and symptom of mental illness*
Increased ability to cope with daily life problems/ stress # 4 5.5
Excessive fear or worries 68 93.2
Problems sleeping 68 93.2
Hallucination 67 91.8
Increased ability to concentrate # 5 6.8
Sign and symptom of depression*
Feeling of sadness 70 95.9
Feeling worthwhile # 28 38.4
Engaging in recreational activities # 9 12.3
Suicidal thoughts 66 90.4
Changes in appetite 58 79.5
Table 7 illustrates awareness regarding sign and symptoms of mental illness among 73
respondents where, almost all of the respondents knew that excessive fear and worries,
problem sleeping and hallucination are the sign and symptoms of mental illness.
Similarly, regarding depression, 95.9%, 90.4% and 79.5% knew that feeling of sadness,
suicidal thoughts and changes in appetite were its sign and symptoms respectively.
28
TABLE 8
Awareness regarding Treatment of Mental Illness among Respondents
n = 73
Consult for treatment of mental illness
Traditional healer # 5 6.8
Psychiatrist 66 90.4
Treatment of mental illness
Psychotropic medicine 71 97.3
True statement regarding treatment of mental illness
Majority of mental illness can be treated with regular treatment. 42 57.5
Factors important in effective treatment of mental illness*
Family support 72 98.6
Seclusion # 7 9.6
Medicine compliance as prescribed 71 97.3
Discontinuing medicine after symptom of mental illness are relieved # 16 21.9
Regular follow-up/ check-up 70 95.9
Not in health team providing quality treatment of mental illness*
Vaidya 68 93.2
Nurse # 1 1.4
Dietician # 44 0
Traditional healer 73 100
Psychologist # 6 8.2
Table 8 illustrates awareness regarding treatment of mental illness among 73 respondents

where, almost all (90.4%) knew they should consult psychiatrist for treatment. Similarly,
almost all (97.3%) knew psychotropic medicines can treat mental illness. Likewise, more
than half (57.5%) believed that majority of mental illness can be treated with regular
treatment. Also, 98.6%, 97.3%, and 95.9% believed family support, medicine compliance
and regular follow-up are important factors for effective treatment of mental illness
respectively. Further, 93.2% and 100% were aware that vaidya and traditional healers are
not in health team that provides quality treatment for mental illness respectively.
29
TABLE 9
Awareness regarding Prevention of Mental Illness among Respondents
n = 73
Preventive measure of mental illness
Living busy lifestyle # 24 32.9
Adapting healthy lifestyle 48 65.8
Promoting measure of mental health
Properly coping with daily life problems/ stressful situation 73 100.0
National helpline for suicide prevention
1166 10 13.7
# Incorrect response
Table 9 illustrates awareness regarding prevention of mental illness among 73

respondents where, majority (65.8%) of respondents believed that adapting healthy
lifestyle could prevent mental illness. Besides, almost one third (32.9%) thought that
living busy lifestyle was a way to prevent mental illness which was an incorrect response.
However, all of the respondents accepted that properly coping with daily life problem/
stressful situation is one of the ways of promoting mental health. But, only few
respondents (13.7%) were aware about the national helpline for suicide.
30
TABLE 10
Mean Score on Caregivers’ Awareness regarding Mental Health
n = 73
Maximum Obtained
Domain Mean±SD Mean%
Possible Score Range
Concept of mental health 7 2-7 5.53±1.13 79.06
Mental illness 7 1-7 4.28±1.48 61.25
Causes of mental illness 3 0-3 2.21±1.00 73.97
About mentally ill people 7 2-7 5.64±1.15 80.62
Sign and symptoms of mental Illness 10 5-10 8.80±1.24 88.08
Treatment of mental illness 13 6-13 11.2±1.68 86.82
Prevention of mental illness 3 1-3 1.79±0.62 59.81
Total score 50 20-49 39.57±6.06 79.15
Table 10 illustrates summarized scores on caregivers’ awareness regarding all 7 domains

of research questionnaire related to mental health where, the maximum possible score of
questionnaire was 50 and the obtained score range of respondents was 20 to 49. Further,
its mean ± SD and mean percent were 39.57 ± 6.06 and 79.15% respectively.
31
TABLE 11
Awareness regarding Mental Health among Caregivers
Awareness Level Number Percent
Unaware (< 50%) 6 8.2
Aware (≥ 50%) 67 91.8
*Mean ± Standard Deviation 39.57 ± 6.06, Min score = 20, Max score = 49
Total 73 100
*Mean ± Standard Deviation of overall awareness score of caregivers
Table 11 illustrates level of awareness regarding mental illness among 73 caregivers of

mentally ill peoples, of whom almost all caregivers (91.8%) were aware about mental
health and only 8.2% caregivers were unaware. Further, the mean ± standard deviation of
overall awareness score of caregivers was 39.57 ± 6.06 where, the minimum score was
20 whereas and maximum score was 49.
32
TABLE 12
Association of Level of Awareness with Selected Variables of Caregivers
n = 73
Level of Awareness
Variables Unaware Aware P-value
No. (%) No. (%)
Age (in years)
≤ 37 2 (4.5) 42 (95.5) 0.207
> 37 4 (13.8) 25 (86.2)
Religion
Hinduism 4 (8.2) 45 (91.8) > 0.999
Other religion 2 (8.3) 22 (91.7)
Educational status
Illiterate 4 (57.1) 3 (42.9) < 0.001*
Literate 2 (3.0) 64 (97.0)
Place of residence
Urban 3 (6.7) 42 (93.3) 0.669
Rural 3 (10.7) 25 (89.3)
Family 4 (8.5) 43 (91.5) > 0.999
Relative & friend 2 (7.7) 24 (92.3)
≤ 1 year 2 (7.1) 26 (92.9) > 0.999
> 1 year 4 (8.9) 41 (91.1)
Yes 0 (0.0) 7 (100.0) > 0.999
No 6 (9.1) 60 (90.9)
Fisher's Exact Test, * Significant at p-value < 0.05
Table 4 illustrates association of level of awareness with selected variables of caregivers

where, the level of awareness was significantly associated only with educational status of
caregivers.
33
CHAPTER V
DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
This chapter deals with the discussion of the findings, conclusion, limitation and
recommendation of the study. The discussion section discusses the results of the study,
the conclusion section sums up crucial findings of study, the limitation section includes
shortcomings of study and lastly, the recommendation section includes suggestions based
on findings and limitation of study.
5.1 Discussion
The findings of study are discussed with reference to the study objectives and research
question.
As per the data shown in table 1 and 2, out of 73 respondents, more than half (52.1% )
were below or equal to 35 years of age and the mean age ± standard deviation was 36.89
± 13.714. Similarly, more than half of the respondents (57.5%) were male and majority of
respondents (67.1%) were following Hinduism. The study also showed that more than
one-fourth of respondents (28.8%) had received education of bachelors level and above,
majority of respondents (61.6%) were from urban area and almost one-third of
respondents (30.1%) respondents were businessperson. Furthermore, majority of
respondents (64.4%) were family members of patient, 38.4% of respondents had less than
1 year of caregiving duration and almost all (90.4%) respondents had never attended any
awareness program related to mental health.
Data regarding concept the respondents had about mental health are shown in table 3
where, almost half (47.9%) of respondents knew meaning of mental health and almost all
(93.2%) knew about importance of mental health which was consistent with the previous
study done in Nepal where 93.8% knew that mental health is an essential component of
health (Adhikari & Jha, 2021). Further, 95.9%, 82.2% and 100% of the respondents were
aware that the capacity to tolerate frustration and disappointment in daily life, feeling
secure in a group and feeling positive about self, respectively were the characteristics of
mentally healthy person, which points that the people were aware about mental health.
The descriptions in table 4 illustrates findings with regards to awareness on mental illness
where, majority (68.5%) of respondents knew that social phobia and substance addiction
are mental illness, also cent percent (100%) of respondents knew depression is a mental
illness which was consistent with the previous study done in Nepal where 97.8% had
adequate knowledge on mental illness and moreover, 89.1% knew that depression was a
mental illness (Jha & Mandal, 2021). However, most of the respondents (76.7%) in
current study thought that brain infection was also a mental illness, which resembled the
findings of study (Adhikari & Jha, 2021), where most respondents attributed mental
illness as brain disease. These findings from both study points that any disease related to
brain was considered as a mental illness by most of the people. Likewise, almost half
(47.9%) were aware that excessive fluctuation in mood was true regarding mental illness
and about one-third (32.9%) of respondents thought mental illness was very common.
Similarly, table 5 shows data regarding causes of mental illness where, majority (63%) of
respondents knew that mental illness can be caused due to number of factors including
heredity, stressful or traumatic life events, chronic diseases etc, whereas 19.2% thought
that personal weakness causes it. Also, majority (67.1%) knew that heredity is one of the
main cause of mental illness which was contradictory to previous study done in Egypt
(Gabra et al, 2020), where 63% of the participants disagree that mental illness is genetic.
Additionally, in present study, 21.9% thought that evil spirits was the main cause which
also contradicts the previous study done in Ethiopia (Tesfaye et al, 2021), where majority
(87.6%) believed that evil spirit was the main cause. These differences reflected were
possibly due to socio-cultural differences between the countries and also as the current
35
study population had higher educational status and majorities were from urban area in
contrast to previous studies. Furthermore, almost all (91.8%) thought that mental illness
can affect anyone regardless of age, sex, literacy and financial class which was quiet
similar to the findings of study (Poreddi et al., 2015), where majority (68.4%) agreed that
anyone can suffer from a mental illness.
As shown in table 6, on awareness regarding mentally ill people, almost all (94.5%) of
respondents believed that family relations, sleep and appetite of mentally ill people are
affected by mental illness. Also, most (83.6%) believed that mental illness affects
financial situations as well. Likewise, most of the respondents (89%) believed that
mentally ill people should have rights as of normal person which was similar to findings
of study (Jha & Mandal, 2021) where, majority (68.5%) agreed that they should have
equal rights as others. Besides, almost one-third of respondents thought that mentally ill
people are mostly violent and dangerous which was supported by the previous study done
in India where, one-third felt that someone with a mental illness were usually dangerous
(Sneha et al., 2019).
As shown in table 7, on awareness regarding sign and symptom of mental illness, almost
all of the respondents considered excessive fear and worries, problem sleeping and
hallucination as the sign and symptoms of mental illness. Similarly, regarding depression,
95.9%, 90.4% and 79.5% knew that feeling of sadness, suicidal thoughts and changes in
appetite were its sign and symptoms respectively. These findings of present study was
supported by the study done by (Tesfaye et al, 2021), where most of respondents (89.5%)
considered lack of sleep and 92.6% considered hallucination as sign and symptoms of
mental illness. Further, in the same study, 89.5% and 91.9% were aware that excessive
feeling of sadness and trying to kill oneself respectively, were also signs and symptoms
of mental illness.
As illustrated in table 8, regarding treatment of mental illness, almost all (90.4%)

responded that they would consult psychiatrist for treatment of mental illness whereas
only few (6.8%) said they would consult a traditional healer which was supported by the
study done by (Jha & Mandal, 2021), where all participant’s choice of first contact was
36
psychiatrist. Similarly, almost all (97.3%) knew psychotropic medicines could treat
mental illness. Likewise, more than half (57.5%) respondents believed that majority of
mental illness can be treated with regular treatment. Contrary to this, the study done in
India found that less than one-fifth thought someone could recover from mental illness
(Sneha et al., 2019). This difference may have resulted as the study was done in rural
population in India where three-fourth of respondents had no previous contact with a
mentally ill person. Also, in the current study, almost all, 98.6%, 97.3%, and 95.9%
believed that family support, medicine compliance as prescribed and regular follow-up
are important factors for effective treatment of mental illness respectively. Further, 93.2%
and 100% were aware that vaidya and traditional healers are not in health team that
provides quality treatment for mental illness respectively. However, majority (60.3%) of
respondents were unaware that dietician was also a part of that health team.
Regarding prevention of mental illness shown in table 9, majority (65.8%) of respondents

believed that adapting healthy lifestyle could prevent mental illness. This finding was
similar to the findings of study done in China (Li et al., 2018), where 96.2% agreed that
positive attitudes and healthy life style can help maintain mental health. Besides, in
current study, 32.9% thought that living busy lifestyle was a way to prevent mental
illness which is a wrong concept. However, all of the respondents accepted that properly
coping with daily life problem/ stressful situation is one of the ways of promoting mental
health. But, only few respondents (13.7%) were aware about the national helpline for
suicide prevention which reflects that the information regarding national helpline for
suicide prevention haven't been spread widely as it should have.
Altogether, the table 10 illustrates summarized scores on caregivers’ awareness regarding

all 7 domains of research questionnaire related to mental health where, first domain that
was concept of mental health had maximum possible score of 7 and the obtained score
range of respondents was between 2 to 7. Its mean ± standard deviation (SD) was 5.53 ±
1.13 and its mean percent was 79.06%. Similarly in second domain that was mental
illness, 7 was maximum possible score, where 1 to 7 was obtained score range. Its mean
± SD and mean % were 4.28 ± 1.48 and 61.25% respectively. In third domain, causes of
mental illness, 3 was maximum possible score, where 0 to 3 was obtained score range
37
and its mean ± SD and mean percent were 2.21 ± 1.00 and 73.97 respectively. In fourth
domain, about mentally ill people, 7 was maximum possible score, 2 to 7 was obtained
score range and its mean ± SD and mean percent were 5.64 ± 1.15 and 80.62%
respectively. In fifth domain, sign and symptoms of mental illness, 10 was maximum
possible score, 5-10 was obtained score range and its mean ± SD and mean percent were
8.80 ± 1.24 and 88.08 respectively. In sixth domain, treatment of mental illness, 13 was
maximum possible score, 6 to 13 was obtained score range and its mean ± SD and mean
percent were 11.2 ± 1.68 and 86.82% respectively. Lastly, in seventh domain, prevention
of mental illness, 3 was maximum possible score, 1 to 3 was obtained score range and its
mean ± SD and mean percent were 1.79 ± 0.62 and 59.81% respectively. Therefore, the
total score of questionnaire was 50, where 20 to 49 was obtained score range of
respondents and its mean ± SD and mean percent were 39.57 ± 6.06 and 79.15%
respectively.
Hence, the present study examined the level of awareness regarding mental health among
73 caregivers of mentally ill peoples, of whom almost all (91.8%) were aware about
mental health and only 8.2% were unaware. One of the reasons for the better result in this
study may be they learnt about mental illness through their experience as they are
involved directly or indirectly in the management while caring for a person with mental
illness and the other may be easy accessibility of information through mass media.
Additionally, this findings resembled with findings of the study conducted in Biratnagar,
Nepal, where 97.8% respondents had adequate knowledge and only 2.2% had inadequate
knowledge (Jha & Mandal, 2021) and also, similar findings were found in study done in
Eastern Nepal, where 75% of respondents had good knowledge (Adhikari & Jha, 2021).
On the other hand, the findings were contradictory with study done in China, where
44.8% of the respondents had inadequate knowledge (Tesfaye et al., 2021), which may be
due to socio-cultural differences of the two countries and moreover, the study was done
among most of the rural residents of China, who were mostly illiterate, in contrast to
present study.
38
Regarding association of level of awareness with selected variables including age,
religion, educational status, place of residence, relation with patient, duration of care
given and attending awareness programme, the current study showed that the level of
awareness was associated only with educational status of respondents and there was no
significant association between level of awareness and variables such as age, religion,
place of residence, relation with patient, duration of care given and attending awareness
programme. The current finding of association was supported by studies done in China
(Li et al, 2018), Ethiopia (Tesfaye et al, 2021) and Egypt (Gabra et al, 2020) in all of
which, education was a significantly associated with respondent’s knowledge, despite of
the fact that these studies were carried out in multiple different countries.
5.2 Conclusion
Altogether, the present study concludes that almost all caregivers of mentally ill patients
are aware about mental health whereas, only few remain unaware. Likewise, the
significant predictor for better awareness regarding mental health is educational status of
caregivers. Besides, there is no significant association between level of awareness
regarding mental health among caregivers and selected variables such as age, religion,
place of residence, relation with patient, duration of care given and attending awareness
programme.
5.3 Limitation
The present study has certain limitations such as; the study was restricted to only one
mental hospital. Hence, the findings of the study cannot be broadly generalized to other
mental hospitals. Another limitation of the study was the lack of proper interview setting
for data collection due to which the privacy of respondents could not be maintained
properly.
39
5.4 Recommendation
Future research should focus on larger sample so that the study findings may as well be
used for broad generalization. Besides, the research tool may be used, if appropriate for
future researches.
Though the study found good awareness among caregivers, there is still much room for
improvement with regard to mental health literacy. So, to ensure better level of awareness
among caregivers, the respective government authority shall continue to organize formal
awareness programs regarding mental health and further, in much more effective way
focusing on certain groups and certain aspects as per need, so that any inadequacies left
are fulfilled totally.
40
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room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-disorders
43
APPENDICES
Appendix A: Informed Consent
Appendix B: Research Instrument
Appendix C: Approval Letter
Appendix D: Budget
APPENDIX A
INFORMED CONSENT
PURBANCHAL UNIVERSITY
B&B MEDICAL INSTITUTE
Gwarko, Lalitpur
Date: ………………
Code no:…………...
Information:
I, BibushaRajkarnikar, student of Post Basic-Bachelors in Nursing Science in B&B
Medical Institute, Gwarko, Lalitpur, affiliated to Purbanchal University, is going to
conduct a research entitled "Awareness regarding Mental Health among Caregivers of
Patients in a Mental Hospital of Lalitpur". I would like to request you to participate in the
study. If you are agreeing to participate, you will have to answer the questionnaire
regarding your socio-demographic characteristics and questionnaire related to the topic.
The information provided by you will be kept confidential and your identity and personal
information will not be disclosed and shared with anyone. You have right to refuse to
participate.
Consent:
I have been ensured that my personal identification and the information given by me will
be kept confidential and will be used for research purpose only. I have been explained
that I preserve right to refuse/withdraw myself to participate in this study at any stage of
the study. I am participating in this study in my own wish. I will not be given any
incentive in return. Later, I will not be liable to make any complain.
…………………………………… ……………………………………
Respondent’s Signature Researcher’s Signature
Date: Date:
ix
पु र्वाञ्चल वर्श्ववर्द्यवलय
वि एन्ड वि मेविकल इन्स्टिच्युट
ग्ववको,लवलतपु र
वमवत: ....................
कोि नं:..................
जवनकवरी:
म, बििुसा राजकबणिकार, पुर्ाि ञ्चल बर्श्वबर्द्यालय अन्तर्ित बि एन्ड बि मे बिकल इन्स्टिच्युट,ग्वाको,
लबलतपुरमा नबसिङको स्नातक तहमा तेस्रो र्र्ि मा अध्ययनरत बर्द्यार्थी हुँ । त्यसै अन्तर्ित,म "लबलतपुरको एक
मानबसक अस्पतालको हे रचाहकताि िीच मानबसक स्वास्थ्य िारे जार्रुकता "बिर्िकमा अनु सन्धान र्नि
र्इरहे को छु । म तपाईंलाई यस अध्ययनमा सहभार्ी हन बर्नम्र अनु रोध र्र्ि छु। यबर् तपाईं सहभार्ी हन
सहमत हनु हन्छ भने , तपाईंले मानबसक स्वास्थ्य सम्बन्धी जार्रुकताको अध्ययन सम्बन्धी प्रश्नार्ली पुरा र्नुि
पने हन्छ। तपाईंले प्रर्ान र्नुि भएको जानकारी र्ोप्य रान्स्टिनेछ र तपाईंको पबहचान अबन व्यन्स्टिर्त
जानकारीहरु कसैसंर् िु लासा र्ररने छै न। तपाईंलाई यस अध्ययनमा सहभार्ी हन अस्वीकार र्ने अबधकार
रहे को छ।
मन्जुरीनवमव :
मलाई मे रो व्यन्स्टिर्त पबहचान र मैले बर्एको जानकारी र्ोप्य रान्स्टिने र अनु सन्धान उद्दे श्यको लाबर् मात्र
प्रयोर् र्ररने सुबनबित र्ररएको छ।मे रो यस अध्ययनमा सहभार्ी हन अस्वीकार र्ने अबधकार र यस
अध्ययनको कुनै पबन चरणमा भार् बलन अस्वीकार र्ने अबधकार सुरबित रान्स्टिने जानकारी र्राइएको छ। म
यो अध्ययनमा आफ्नै इच्छाले सहभार्ी भइरहे को छु । मलाई सहभार्ी भएको िापतमा कुनै पबन प्रोत्साहन
बर्इने छै न। यस अध्ययनमा सहभार्ी भएपबछ मैले कुनै र्ुनासो र्नि उत्तरर्ायी हने छै न।
…………………………….. ……………………………..
उत्तरर्ाताको हस्तािर अनु िासनकताि को हस्तािर
बमबत: बमबत:
x
APPENDIX B
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
Instructions: Please fill in the blank and tick (√) the most appropriate answer. The
information obtained from this questionnaire will be kept confidential and will be used
for the research purpose only.
Part I: Socio-demographic characteristics

1. Age (in completed years) ……….
2. Sex
a. Male
b. Female
c. Others
3. Religion
a. Hinduism
b. Buddhism
c. Muslim
d. Christianity
e. Others (Please specify) ……….
4. Educational status
a. Illiterate
b. Can read and write
c. Primary level
d. Secondary level
e. Higher secondary level
f. Bachelors level and above
xi
5. Place of residence
a. Urban
b. Rural
6. Occupation
a. Home maker
b. Agriculture
c. Business
d. Health personnel
e. Unemployed
f. Student
g. Others (Please specify) ……….
7. What is your relation with the patient?

a. Family (Please specify)………
b. Relative (Please specify)……….
c. Friend
8. How long have you been taking care of the patient?

a. Less than 1 year
b. 1-5 years
c. 6-10 years
d. More than 10 years
9. Have you attended any awareness program related to mental health?

a. Yes
b. No
xii
PART II: Questionnaire for assessing awareness regarding mental health among
caregivers
1. What is mental health?

a) A constant feeling of contentment.
b) Absence of mental illness.
c) Balance in all aspects of life such as social, physical, spiritual and mental
aspects.
d) Achieving a period of 12 to 18 months without a psychotic episode.
2. Which of the following statement regarding mental health is true?

a) Mental health is important for some people.
b) Mental health is not important for children.
c) Mental health is an important part of overall health and wellbeing for everyone.
d) Mental health is not important for physical health.
3. Which of the following are characteristics of mental healthy person? (Multiple

Response)
a) Capacity to tolerate frustration and disappointment in daily activities
b) Living in world of fantasy
c) Feels secure in a group
d) Excessive mood changes between happiness and sadness
e) Positive about self
4. Which of the following are mental disorders? (Multiple Response)

a) Social phobia
b) Substance addiction
c) Brain infection
d) Depression
e) Hypertension
5. Which of the following is true regarding mentally illness?

a) Extra talkative
b) Doesn’t talk much
c) Having fluctuation in mood excessively
d) Excessively emotional
xiii
6. Mental illness are……….
a) Seen rarely
b) Fairly common
c) Very commonly seen
d) Seen in everyone at least once in their lifetime
7. What causes mental illness?

a) Personal weakness
b) Lack of will power
c) Wrong doings in past
d) Number of factors including heredity, stressful or traumatic life events, chronic
health conditions etc
8. Which of the following is one of the main cause for mental illness?
a) Past sins
b) Heredity
c) Evil spirits
d) Witch craft
9. Who are most likely to suffer from mental illness?

a) Poor people
b) Men
c) Uneducated people
d) Mental illness can affect anyone regardless of age, sex, literacy and financial
class
10. Which of the following aspects of mentally ill people are affected by mental illness?
(Multiple Response)
a) Vision
b) Family relationship
c) Financial situation
d) Function of kidney
e) Sleep and appetite
11. Which of the following statement regarding mentally ill people is true?
a) Mentally ill people should be isolated from rest of the community.
b) Mentally ill people should not be given any responsibility.
c) Mentally ill people have rights as of normal person.
d) Mentally ill people should not get married.
xiv
12. Which of the following statement regarding mentally ill people is false?
a) Mentally ill people can work.
b) Mentally ill people are capable of true friendship.
c) Mentally ill people are mostly violent and dangerous.
d) Mentality ill people can be creative.
13. Which of the following are sign and symptom of mental illness? (Multiple
Response)
a) Increased ability to cope with daily life problems/ stress
b) Excessive fear or worries
c) Problems sleeping
d) Hallucination
e) Increased ability to concentrate
14. Which of the following is symptom of depression? (Multiple Response)
a) Feeling of sadness
b) Feeling worthwhile
c) Engaging in recreational activities
d) Suicidal thoughts
e) Changes in appetite
15. Who should be consulted for treatment of mental illness?

a) Neurologist
b) Physician
c) Traditional healer
d) Psychiatrist
16. Which of the following can help treat mental illness?

a) Seclusion
b) Marriage
c) Psychotropic medicine
d) Home remedies
17. Which of the following statement regarding treatment of mental illness is correct?
a) Mental illness cannot be treated.
b) All mentally ill should be treated in institution under control and supervision.
c) Majority of mental illness can be treated with regular treatment.
d) Mental illness can also be treated by traditional healers.
xv
18. Which of the following factor plays important role in effective treatment of mental
illness? (Multiple Response)
a) Family support
b) Seclusion
c) Medicine compliance as prescribed
d) Discontinuing medicine after symptom of mental illness are relieved
e) Regular follow-up/ check up
19. Who are not involved in a health team for providing quality treatment of mental
illness? (Multiple Response)
a) Vaidya
b) Nurse
c) Dietician
d) Traditional healer
e) Psychologist
20. Which of the following measures can be taken to prevent mental illness?
a) Living busy lifestyle
b) Using drugs to relax mind
c) Adapting healthy lifestyle
d) Mental illness cannot be prevented
21. Which of the following measures help in promoting mental health?

a) Using alcohol to relax mind
b) Not sharing one’s concern with anyone
c) Properly coping with daily life problems/ stressful situation
d) Hiding one’s mental illness from others
22. Which of the following is national helpline for suicide prevention?

a) 1116
b) 1666
c) 1166
d) 6611
xvi
लवलतपू रको एक मवनविक अस्पतवलको हे रचवहकतवा िीच मवनविक स्ववस्थ्य
िवरे जवगरुकतव
वनर्दे शन: कृपया तल बर्इएको प्रश्नहरुको िाली ठाउुँ भनुि होस् र सिैभन्दा उपयुि उत्तरमा बठक बचन्ह (✓)
लर्ाउनु होस्।यो अध्ययनमा प्राप्त भएको पररणाम अनु सन्धानको उद्दे श्यको लाबर् मात्र प्रयोर् र्ररने छ।
भवग एक: िहभवगीको व्यन्स्टिगत जवनकवरी
१. उमे र (पूरा भएको र्र्ि ) ……….
२. बलङ्ग
क) पुरूर्
ि) मबहला
र्) अन्य
३. धमि
क) बहन्र्ू
ि) िौद्ध
र्) इस्लाम
घ) ईसाई
ङ) अन्य (कृपया उल्लेि र्नुि होस्) ………………
४. िै बिक न्स्टिबत
क) अबिबित
ि) पढ् न र ले ख्न सक्ने
र्) प्रार्थबमक स्तर
घ) माध्यबमक स्तर
ङ) उच्च माध्यबमक स्तर
च) स्नातक तह र माबर्थ
५. िसाई
क) सहर
ि) र्ाउुँ
६. पेिा
क) र्ृह बनमाि ता
ि) कृबर्
र्) व्यर्साय
घ) स्वास्थ्यकमी
ङ) िेरोजर्ार
च) बर्द्यार्थी
छ) अन्य (कृपया उल्ले ि र्नुि होस्) ....................
xvii
७. बिरामीसंर्को नाता
क) घर पररर्ार (कृपया उल्लेि र्नुि होस्) ....................
ि) नातेर्ार (कृपया उल्लेि र्नुि होस्) ....................
र्) सार्थी
८. तपाईंले बिरामीको हे रचाह र्र्ै आएको अर्बध

क) १ र्र्ि भन्दा कम
ि) १-५र्र्ि
र्) ६-१०र्र्ि
घ) १० र्र्ि भन्दा माबर्थ
९. तपाईं मानबसक स्वास्थ्य सम्बन्धी कुनै जार्रुकता कायिक्रममा सहभार्ी हनु भएको छ?
क) छ
ि) छै न
भवग र्दु ई: मवनविक स्ववस्थ्य िम्बन्धी जवगरूकतवको अध्ययन
१. मानबसक स्वास्थ्य भने को के हो?

क) सन्तुबिको न्स्टिर भार्ना भइरहनु
ि) मानबसक रोर् नहनु
र्) जीर्नको हरे क पिहरू जस्तै : िारीररक, मानबसक, आध्यान्स्टिक, सामाबजक
पिहरू सन्तुबलत रहनु
घ) १२-१८ मबहनाको अर्बधमा कुनै पबन मानबसक रोर्को लिण नर्े न्स्टिनु
२. मानबसक स्वास्थ्य िारे तलको कुन भनाई सही हो?

क) मानबसक स्वास्थ्य केही व्यन्स्टिहरूको लाबर् मात्र महत्वपूणि हन्छ।
ि) मानबसक स्वास्थ्य िच्चाहरूको लाबर् महत्वपूणि हुँ र्ैन ।
र्) मानबसक स्वास्थ्य कुल बमलाएर सम्पू णि स्वास्थ्यको लाबर् र सिैको लाबर् महत्वपूणि
हन्छ।
घ) िारीररक स्वास्थ्यको लाबर् मानबसक स्वास्थ्य महत्वपूणि हुँ र्ैन ।
३. तल बर्इएका बर्िे र्ताहरू मध्य कुन बर्िेर्ता मानबसक रूपमा स्वि व्यन्स्टि को हो?
(धे रै प्रवतवियव भएको)
क) आफ्नो जीर्नको र्ै बनक बक्रयाकलापमा आउने बनरािाहरू सहन सक्ने िमता
हने ।
ि) काल्पबनक जीर्न बजउने ।
र्) एउटा समू हमा आफूलाई सुरबित महसुस र्नि सक्ने।
घ) अत्यबधक मात्रामा िु सी र र्ु :ि बिच मू ि पररर्तिन भइरहने ।
ङ) आफ्नो िारे मा सकरािक सोच्ने।
४. तल बर्इएका रोर्हरू मध्य कुन कुन मानबसक रोर् हन् ? (धे रै प्रवतवियव भएको)
क) सामाबजक िर/ बचन्ता
ि) लार्ूपर्ार्थि को लत
xviii
र्) बर्मार्को संक्रमण
घ) बिप्रेसन
ङ) उच्च रिचाप
५. तल बर्इएका मध्य कुन लिण मानबसक रोर्ीको हो?

क) धेरै िोल्ने
ि) कम िोल्ने
र्) मू ि धेरै तल माबर्थ भइरहने
घ) धेरै भार्नािक हने
६. मानबसक रोर् ………………

क) धेरै कम/ बर्रलै र्े न्स्टिन्छ
ि) कोही कोहीलाई मात्र र्े न्स्टिन्छ
र्) प्राय जसो माबनसहरूमा र्े न्स्टिरहे को हन्छ
घ) जीर्नमा एक पटक सिैमा र्े न्स्टिन्छ
७. मानबसक रोर् के कारणले र्र्ाि हन्छ?

क) व्यन्स्टिर्त कमजोरी
ि) इच्छािन्स्टिको कमी
र्) बर्र्तमा नराम्रो काम र्रे को कारण
घ) र्ंिाणुर्त, बर्र्तमा घटे को तनार्पूणि/र्र्ि नाक घटना, र्ीघिकालीन रोर्हरू भएको
आर्ी बर्बभन्न कारणहरु
८. तल मध्य मानबसक रोर्को प्रमु ि कारण कुन हो?

क) बर्र्तमा र्रे का पापको कारण
ि) र्ंिाणुर्त कारण
र्) र्ु िआिाहरूको कारण
घ) तन्त्र मन्त्रको कारण
९. कसलाई मानबसक रोर् र्े न्स्टिने धेरै सम्भार्ना हन्छ?

क) र्ररि व्यन्स्टि
ि) पुरूर्
र्) अबिबित व्यन्स्टि
घ) मानबसक रोर्ले कुनै पबन उमे र, बलङ्ग, बििा, आबर्थि क न्स्टिबत नभबन जस्तोसुकै
व्यन्स्टिलाई असर पानि सक्छ।
१०. तल बर्इएका मध्य कुन िेत्रमा मानबसक रोर्ले असर पार्ि छ? (धे रै प्रवतवियव भएको)
क) आुँ िाको दृबिमा
ि) घरपररर्ारको सम्बन्धमा
र्) आबर्थि क अर्िामा
घ) मृ र्ौलाको काममा
ङ) बनन्द्रा र िानबपनमा
xix
११. तलका भनाईहरु मध्य मानबसक रोर्ी िारे कुन भनाइ सबह छ?
क) मानबसक रोर्ीलाई समाजिाट टाढा/ छु ट्टै राख्नु पछि ।
ि) मानबसक रोर्ीलाई कुनै पबन बजम्मेर्ारी बर्नु हुँ र्ैन।
र्) मानबसक रोर्ीहरुको पबन अरू सामान्य व्यन्स्टिहरूको जस्तै हकअबधकार हनपछि ।
घ) मानबसक रोर्ीले बर्र्ाह र्नुि हुँ र्ैन।
१२. तलका भनाईहरु मध्य मानबसक रोर्ी िारे कुन भनाइ र्लत छ?
क) मानबसक रोर्ीले काम र्नि सक्छ।
ि) मानबसक रोर्ीमा पबन असल सार्थी िन्न सक्ने िमता हन्छ।
र्) मानबसक रोर्ीहरु धेरै जसो बहं सािक र ितरनाक हन्छन् ।
घ) मानबसक रोर्ीहरु पबन रचनािक हन्छन्।
१३. तल बर्इएका मध्य कुन लिण मानबसक रोर्मा र्े न्स्टिन्छ? (धे रै प्रवतवियव भएको)
क) र्ै बनक जीर्नमा आइपरे को समस्या र तनार् संर् सामना र्ने िमता िढ् ने
ि) अत्याबधक मात्रामा िर बचन्ता लाग्ने
र्) बनन्द्रामा समस्या आउने
घ) भ्रम हने /र्ास्तबर्कतामा नभएको कुरा र्े ख्ने, सुन्ने आर्ी
ङ) कुनै पबन कुरामा ध्यान केन्स्टन्द्रत र्नि सक्ने िमता िढ् ने
१४. तल बर्इएका मध्य कुन लिण बिप्रेसनमा र्े न्स्टिन्छ? (धे रै प्रवतवियव भएको)
क) र्ु :िी महसुस र्ने
ि) आफुलाई सार्थि क अर्थर्ा महत्वपूणि महसुस र्ने
र्) कुनै पबन मनोरञ्जन लाग्ने बक्रयाकलापमा संलग्न हने
घ) आिहत्याको सोच आउने
ङ) िानबपनमा घटिढ हने
१५. मानबसक रोर्को उपचारको लाबर् कसलाई सम्पकि र्नुि पछि ?

क) न्यू रोलोबजि
ि) बफबजबसयन
र्) धामी झाुँ क्री
घ) मनोबचबकत्सक
१६. तल बर्इएका मध्य कुन बर्बधले मानबसक रोर्को उपचार र्नि सबकन्छ?
क) अलग्गै कोठामा र्थुनेर राख्ने
ि) बर्र्ाह र्ररबर्ने
र्) मनोरोर् सम्बन्स्टन्धत और्धी बलने
घ) घरे लु बर्बधहरू प्रयोर् र्ने
१७. तल बर्इएका मध्य मानबसक रोर्को उपचार िारे कुन भनाइ सबह हो?
क) मानबसक रोर्को उपचार र्नि सबकर्ै न।
ि) सिै मानबसक रोर्ीलाई अस्पतालमा नै भनाि र्री बनयन्त्रण तर्था रे िर्े िमा रािे र
उपचार र्नुि पछि ।
र्) धेरै जसो मानबसक रोर्हरु बनयबमत उपचार र्रे र बनको पानि सबकन्छ।
घ) मानबसक रोर्ीहरुलाई धामी झाुँ क्री लर्ाएर उपचार र्नि सबकन्छ।
xx
१८. तल बर्इएका मध्य कुन पिहरुले मानबसक रोर्को प्रभार्कारी उपचारमा महत्वपूणि
भू बमका बनर्ाि ह र्रे को हन्छ? (धे रै प्रवतवियव भएको)
क) घरपररर्ारको सार्थ र समर्थिन
ि) रोर्ीलाई छु ट्टै राख्ने
र्) सल्लाह िमोबजम और्धी बनयबमत रूपमा सेर्न र्ने
घ) रोर्को लिण बनको भएपबछ और्धी छोि् ने
ङ) बनयबमत फोलो-अप/ चेकजाुँ च र्ने
१९. मानबसक रोर्को र्ुणस्तररय उपचार र्ने स्वास्थ्यकमीको टीम/समू हमा को कस्को
संलग्नता हुँ र्ैन? (धे रै प्रवतवियव भएको)
क) र्ैद्य
ि) नसि
र्) आहारबर्र्/िाइबटबसयन
घ) धामी झाुँ क्री
ङ) मनोपरामिि कताि
२०. तल बर्इएका उपायहरू मध्य कुन उपाय अपनाएर मानबसक रोर्को रोकर्थाम र्नि
सबकन्छ?
क) व्यस्त जीर्निैली अपनाउने।
ि) बर्मार्लाई आनन्द पाने और्धी बलने।
र्) स्वि जीर्निैली अपनाउने।
घ) मानबसक रोर्को रोकर्थाम र्नि सबकर्ै न।
२१. तल बर्इएका उपायहरू मध्य कुन उपाय अपनाएर मानबसक रूपमा स्वि रहन
सबकन्छ?
क) बर्मार्लाई आनन्द पानि रक्शी सेर्न र्ने।
ि) आफ्नो मनको बचन्ता कसैलाई व्यि नर्ने ।
र्) र्ै बनक जीर्नमा आइपरे को समस्या/तनार्पूणि पररन्स्टिबतको सबह तररकाले सामना
र्ने ।
घ) आफ्नो मानबसक रोर् अरूिाट लु काएर राख्ने।
२२. तल बर्इएका नम्बरहरु मध्य आिहत्या रोकर्थामको लाबर् राबििय हे ल्पलाइन नम्बर कुन
हो?
क) १११६
ि) १६६६
र्) ११६६
घ) ६६११
xxi

RESEARCH REPORT - Final - 1676436241

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AWARENESS REGARDING MENTAL HEALTH AMONG

CAREGIVERS OF PATIENTS IN A MENTAL HOSPITAL

Research Report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Post

Research Report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Post

Research Report approved by:

Research Advisor: ……………………

Ms. Puspa Bhatta, BN Faculty Lecturer,

Campus Chief: ……………………

Prof. Dr. Rosy Shrestha, Associate

Internal Examiner: ……………………

Ms. Jayanti Gautam, Assistant Professor,

External Examiner: ……………………

Ms. Sumita Pathak, Assistant Professor,

Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 73 caregivers

Key words: Awareness, Caregivers, Mental health

TITLE PAGE ....................................................................................................................... i

Table No. List of Tables Page No.

Table 1 Age, Sex, Religion, Educational Status and Place of 22

Table 2 Occupation, Relation with Patient, Duration of Care Given 23

Table 3 Awareness regarding Concept of Mental Health among 24

Table 4 Awareness regarding Mental Illness among Respondents 25

Table 5 Awareness regarding Causes of Mental Illness among 26

Table 6 Awareness regarding Mentally Ill People among 27

Table 7 Awareness regarding Sign and Symptoms of Mental Illness 28

Table 8 Awareness regarding Treatment of Mental Illness among 29

Table 9 Awareness regarding Prevention of Mental Illness among 30

Table 10 Mean Score on Caregivers’ Awareness regarding Mental 31

Table 11 Awareness regarding Mental Health among Caregivers 32

Table 12 Association of Level of Awareness with Selected Variables 33

Figure No. List of Figure Page No.

Figure 1 Conceptual Framework 8

A mental disorder is characterized by a clinically significant disturbance in an

Mental health awareness is an important social movement which is critical to

1.2 Statement of the Problem

1.3 Rationale of the Study

1.5 Significance of Study

1.6 Research Question

Religion Educational status

Duration of care given Attending awareness program

(≥ 50%) (< 50%)

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework

Awareness refers to having information and understanding related to mental health,

Level of awareness will be measured by calculating the total possible scores of

2.2 Review of Literature

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among adults in Putalibazar

A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 140 community people of

A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted to assess awareness and attitude towards

A community-based cross-sectional study conducted in the Jimma zone to assess the

3.1 Research Design

3.2 Study Population

3.4 Sample Size

3.5 Sampling technique

3.7 Data Collection Tool

Content validity of instrument was maintained by extensive review of literature as well as

3.9 Ethical Consideration

3.10 Data Collection Procedure

FINDINGS OF THE STUDY

The findings of study are presented in academic tables. Socio-demographic variables