7

SCIENCE
Second Quarter – Module 7

Ecological Relationships

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Science – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Second Quarter – Module 7: Ecological Relationships
First Edition, 2020
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Author/s: Fleur Fe L. Mutia
Reviewers: Bonito Ferdinand L. Taclob, Helen G. Marcellana,
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 Science
Second Quarter 2–Module 7

Ecological Relationships

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and

reviewed by educators from public schools. We encourage
teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback,
comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education –
Region 10 at region10@ deped.gov.ph.

Your feedback and recommendations are highly valued.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

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 Introductory Message

For the Learner:

Welcome to the Science 7 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on
Ecological Relationships!

This module brings you to the world of organisms and their interactions
Organisms interact with each other in different ways. Some interactions are beneficial,
others are harmful, and some may not affect other organisms at all.

Also, this module uses the hand which is one of the important parts of the human
body that symbolizes an introduction of another activity. Since the hand is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose we may learn, create and accomplish things with it.
Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and
empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own
pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module is designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This gives you an idea of the skills or competencies you

What I Need to Know
are expected to learn in the module.

This part includes an activity that aims to check what you

What I Know
already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the
answers correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current
What’s In
lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in

What’s New
various ways such as a story, a song, a poem, a problem
opener, an activity, or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson.
What is It
This aims to help you discover and understand new
concepts and skills.

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 This comprises activities for independent practice to
What’s More
solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You
may check the answers to the exercises using the
Answer Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank sentences / paragraphs
What I Have Learned
to be filled in to process what you learned from the
lesson.
This section provides an activity that will help you transfer
What I Can Do
your new knowledge or skill to real-life situations or
concerns.
This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of
Assessment
mastery in achieving the learning competency.

In this portion, another activity will be given to you to

Additional Activities
enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned. This
also tends the retention of learned concepts.
This contains answers to all activities in the module.
Answer Key

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing this

module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use your Science activity notebook in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

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 We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain a deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
Table of Contents
What I Need to Know ---------------- 1
What I Know ---------------- 2

Lesson 1- Mutualism
What’s In - Activity 1: My Environment ---------------- 4
What’s New - Activity 2: Pair Me ---------------- 5
What is It ---------------- 6
What’s More - Activity 3: Give and Take ---------------- 7

Lesson 2- Commensalism
What’s In - Activity 1: Eco-Friendly ---------------- 8
What’s New - Activity 2: Host and Commensal - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9
What is It ---------------- 10
What’s More - Activity 3: You are My Home - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11

Lesson 3- Parasitism
What’s In - Activity 1: My Eco-Friends ---------------- 12
What’s New - Activity 2: The Parasite in Me - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13
What is It ---------------- 14
What’s More - Activity 3: Friennemy ---------------- 15

Lesson 4- Predation
What’s In - Activity 1: Fill Me ---------------- 16
What’s New - Activity 2: Which Eats What ---------------- 17
What is It ---------------- 18
What’s More - Activity 3: Prey and Predator ---------------- 18

Lesson 5- Competition
What’s In - Activity 1: Pic-Talk ---------------- 19
What’s New - Activity 2: Describe Me ---------------- 20
What is It ---------------- 20
What’s More - Activity 3: Me and My Competitor - - - - - - - - - - - - - 21

What I Have Learned ---------------- 22

What I Can Do ---------------- 23
Assessment ---------------- 24
Additional Activities ---------------- 26
Answer Key ---------------- 27
References ---------------- 29

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 What I Need to Know

Plants, animals, and other organisms interact with each other. Interactions and
relationships exist in an ecosystem in search for food, shelter, and protection. These
interactions within and among populations may have important influences to death and
birth of the organisms and, in turn, on population’s growth and size.

In this module, you will learn that ecological relationships may have positive,
neutral, or even negative influences on interacting populations.

This module consists of five (5) lessons:

 Lesson 1 - Mutualism
 Lesson 2 - Commensalism
 Lesson 3 - Parasitism
 Lesson 4 - Predation
 Lesson 5 - Competition

After going through this module, you should be able to describe the different
ecological relationships found in an ecosystem (S7LT-IIh-10), specifically:

1. identify the types of ecological relationships that exist between and among
organisms in an ecosystem;
2. describe the effects of the interactions on the organisms; and;
3. give examples of interacting populations in a given ecosystem.

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 What I Know

Directions: Read each question carefully and choose the best answer from the given
choices. Write the letter of your answer in your Science activity notebook.

1. What type of relationship exists between dogs and humans?

A. Commensalism B. Competition C. Mutualism D. Predation
2. Which type of relationship is shown when organisms compete for survival?
A. Competition B. Mutualism C. Parasitism D. Predation
3. Which of the following examples shows mutualism?
A. Remora fish attaching on whales
B. Butterfly feeding on nectar of a flower
C. Orchid attaching on the trunk of a tree
D. Bird making nest on the branch of the tree
4. Which of the following statements is TRUE about predation?
A. Both of the organisms are harmed.
B. Both of the organisms are benefited.
C. One organism is benefited while the other is harmed.
D. One organism is benefited while the other is unaffected.
5. How does mutualism affect the organisms involved in the relationship?
A. Shortens the life of the organisms
B. Makes the life of the organism difficult
C. Makes the partner organism unproductive
D. Gives beneficial effect to both participating organisms
6. Spring onions grow in a pot. What kind of relationship exists among the spring
onions?
A. Competition B. Mutualism C. Parasitism D. Predation

7. Which of the following statements describes parasitism?

A. Both organisms are harmed.
B. Both organisms are benefited.
C. One organism benefits and the other is unaffected.
D. One organism benefits at the expense of the other organism.

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8. There are different kinds of organisms living in a forest. Plants that grow on the
forest floor do not get as much sunlight as those of the taller trees. What
relationship exists among these plants?
A. Commensalism B. Competition C. Mutualism D. Parasitism
9. Which of the following relationships exists when bacteria live in a man’s intestine?
A. Competition B. Mutualism C. Parasitism D. Predation

10. In a predator-prey relationship, the predator eats the prey. Which of the following
organisms is a predator?
A. Earthworm B. Grass C. Lizard D. Mosquito
11. The ecological relationship of a sea anemone and clown fish has the same kind
of relationship as that of ___________.
A. the lice and a child C. the pigs in the pigpen
B. a lizard and an insect D. a bee and a flower

12. Which of the following interactions exhibits commensalism?

A. Man and fish C. Carabao and cow
B. Spider and tree D. Ants and aphids
13. In the prey-predator relationship: cat eating rat, bird eating worm and dog eating,
which of the following shows a complete set of predators?
A. Cat, rat, fish C. Rat, worm, fish
B. Cat, bird, dog D. Rat, worm, dog

14. Bacteria can be beneficial or harmful to man. Some bacteria help in digestion,
while others cause diseases. Which of the following describes bacteria that can
cause diseases?
A. commensals B. hosts C. parasites D. predators

15. Which of the following examples shows parasitism?

A. All trees in the forest
B. A tick on the skin of a dog
C. Lions hunting and killing a buffalo
D. An orchid living on a trunk of a mahogany tree

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 Lesson

1 Mutualism

One of the essential features of the living and non-living parts of ecosystems is
interdependence and connectedness. In this lesson, you will learn about a certain type
of interaction in which both participating organisms generally benefit.

What’s In

Activity 1. My Environment!
Directions: Observe your surroundings. Name two (2) ecosystems found in your area
and identify its biotic components. Copy and complete the table below in
your Science activity notebook.

Table 1. Biotic and Abiotic Components in an Ecosystem

Ecosystem Biotic Components

1.

2.

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 What’s New

Activity 2. Pair Me!

Directions: Describe the interaction between the paired organisms as shown in the
illustration below. Copy and complete the table in your Science activity
notebook. (Pair No. 1 is given as an example.)

Table 2. Interaction between Organisms

Organisms Involved Interaction between the Organism

1) A bee gets food (nectar) from a flower and gets
some pollens on their bodies. As it moves from one
flower to another, it transfers some of the pollens,
thus pollinating the plant.
The bee gets food to eat, and the flowering
plants get to reproduce.
The relationship between the bee and the
Figure 1. Flowering Plant - Bee flower is beneficial for both organisms.

2)
 ___________________________

___________________________

___________________________

Figure 2. Aphids - Ants

3)
 ___________________________

___________________________

___________________________

Figure 3. Sea anemone - Fish

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 What is It

There are different kinds of ecosystems around us. In these ecosystems, there
are also different kinds of organisms. These organisms interact with each other to meet
their basic needs in order to survive.

Some interactions are beneficial while others are harmful. There are also
interactions in which populations of organisms are neither benefited nor harmed.

Mutualism is an ecological relationship where both organisms are benefited. It

plays an important role in the growth, reproduction, and survival of organisms, as well
as in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem.

An example is the relationship that exists between ants and aphids. Aphids are
small insects that provide food to the ants while the ants protect the aphids from its
predators. Both the organisms in the example are benefited from each other.

Other examples are the mutualistic relationships of the following:

1. Honeybee and certain flowers.
The honeybee feeds on a flower’s nectar and, in the process, picks up pollen
and pollinates female flowers when it feeds on them.

2. Legume plants and Rhizobium bacteria

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Rhizobium) live in a close symbiotic relationship with
the roots of legumes. The plants (legumes) supply the bacteria with food and
the bacteria provide the plants with nitrates needed for plant growth.

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 What’s More

Activity 3. Give and Take!

Directions: Describe the interactions of the given organisms and use the following
symbols: + (benefited); - (harmed); and 0 (unaffected). Write your answers
in your Science activity notebook. (Number 1 is given an example.)
Table 3. Interaction between Organisms
Interaction between INTERACTIONS
Organisms Involved
Organisms Organism A Organism B
Fungi provide home,
1. minerals and nutrients from
water for the algae to
perform photosynthesis. Fungi Algae
The algae, in return, share
the nutrients for the fungi to
survive.
+ +
Figure 4. Lichen (lai·kn)
Organism Interaction between INTERACTIONS
Organisms Organism A Organism B

2.
HUMANS PLANTS

a. _________ b. _______ c. _______

Figure 5. Oxygen-Carbon
dioxide Cycle

3.

MAN BACTERIA
(in the intestine)

a. __________ b.________ c. _______

Good bacteria

Figure 6. Man and Bacteria

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 Lesson

2 Commensalism
As a form of symbiosis, organisms live in close association with other organisms
without affecting it. In this lesson, you will learn another important ecological
relationship between two species wherein one species gain benefits while the other
species are not affected or harmed.

What’s In

Activity 1. Eco-Friendly!
Directions: Study the picture and answer the questions below. Write your answers in
your Science activity notebook.

A lichen is a composite organism that grows from

the symbiotic relationship of an alga and a fungus.

Figure 7. Lichen on a Tree

Trunk
Q1: Who gets the benefits from the relationship? ______________________________

Q2: What do you call this kind of ecological relationship wherein both participating
organisms are benefited from each other? _____________________________

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 What’s New

Activity 2: Host and Commensal

Directions: Identify the participating organisms (host and commensal) in the interaction
shown in Table 4 below. Write your answers in your Science activity
notebook. (Number 1 is given as an example).

Table 4. Relationships between the Hosts and the Commensals

Participating Organisms
Relationship Description of the Organism A Organism B
Relationship (Host) (Commensal)
1. Remoras are small
fishes that attach
themselves to the
shark. They get a
Shark Remoras
free ride from the
shark and feed off
from the remains of
Figure 8. Shark and Remoras the meal of the shark.
2.

Frogs use plants to

hide from the rain
and for protection
from predators.
Figure 9. Frog and Plant

3. Ferns are epiphytes

that grow on the
trunk of Narra tree for
support but do not
get nutrients from the
tree. They do not
affect the tree at all.

Figure 10. Fern and Narra

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 What is It

Another type of ecological relationship is commensalism. It is a species

interaction in which one organism is neither helped nor harmed to any great degree
while the other is benefited.

Take a look at Figure 11 below.

Whale Barnacles
Figure 11. Whale and Barnacles

Barnacles are marine organisms with shells similar to crabs that attach
themselves permanently on any surface. They cannot move on their own and attached
themselves to whales for food and movement. The whale is not affected nor harmed
with the presence of the barnacles.

The relationship that exists between the whale and the barnacles is called
commensalism. One organism (barnacles) benefits while (whale) is unaffected and
unharmed. In this interaction, the organism that gets nutrition, shelter, support or
protection is called the commensal. The other organism that gets no benefit from the
relationship is the host. This relationship usually exists between a larger organism and
smaller one and this is a positive-neutral relationship.

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 What’s More

Activity 3. You are My Home!

Directions: Examine the relationships below and identify the role of the organisms
involved as HOST or COMMENSAL. Using the given icons, describe
whether the organism is benefited, harmed, or unaffected. Write your
answers in your Science activity notebook. (Number 1 is given as an
example)

benefited unaffected harmed

Table 5. Relationship between the Commensal and the Host

aCommensal INTERACTIONS
Type of Ecological
Organisms Organism A Organism B
Relationship
(Host) (Commensal)

1. Tree Orchid Commensalism

Figure 12. Orchid and Tree

2.

Figure 13. Spider and Tree

3.

Figure 14. Bird and Tree

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 Lesson

3 Parasitism
Considering the roles played by organisms in maintaining balance of nature, it is
important to note that each interaction influences biodiversity. In this lesson, another
type of ecological relationship is given focused which may cause indirect negative effect
to one of the interacting organisms.

What’s In

Activity 1. My Eco-FRIENDS!
Directions: Give one situation for mutualism and commensalism that you have
experienced with another organism in your environment. Write your
answers in your Science activity notebook.

MUTUALISM : Me and ___________________________________

Situation: ___________________________________

COMMENSALISM : Me and ___________________________________

Situation: ___________________________________

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 What’s New

Activity 2. The Parasite in Me!

Directions: Study the illustrations and answer the questions below. Write your answers
in your Science activity notebook.

Refer to Figure 15:

Q1. What are the organisms involved in the
relationship?
______________________________
______________________________

Q2. Have you experienced being bitten by a

mosquito? ____________________
Figure 15. Biting Mosquito
How does it feel? _______________

Q3. In this relationship, which one is benefited? _______________________

Which is harmed? _________________________________________

Refer to Figure 16.

Q4. What relationship exists between the cow Tapeworms

and tapeworms?
_____________________________
_____________________________

Q5. Which is benefited from the relationship?

____________________________
Figure 16. Tapeworms inside the Cow
And which is harmed? __________

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 What is It

In the ecosystem, another relationship exists in which one organism lives at the
expense of another organism. In the Activity 2, we can say that the tapeworms have
benefited from the relationship because they live inside the intestines and get nutrients
from the cow. However, the cow has not benefited from the relationship. It is affected
and harmed by the presence of the tapeworms.

Parasitism is a positive–negative relationship in which one organism is benefited

while the other is affected and harmed. The organism that benefits from the relationship
is called the parasite, which is usually smaller than the other organism, the host.

The parasites may live inside the body of the host just like that of the tapeworms
inside the intestines of the cow. It depends upon the host for their food and nutrients.
Other parasites such as bacteria and the other microscopic organisms also live inside
the body of the host and cause diseases like malaria and pneumonia. However, there
are also some parasites that live outside the body of the host, like mosquito. It sucks
blood from the skin of man, which is the host.

Another example is the presence of ticks and fleas on the dog’s body. The ticks
and fleas live on the skin and suck their blood. In this example, the dog as host is
harmed while the ticks and fleas as parasites are benefited.

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 What’s More

Activity 3. “Friennemy” (Friend-Enemy)

Directions: Identify the organisms involved in the relationship and describe if the
organisms are benefited, harmed, or unaffected using the symbols below.
Write your answers in your Science activity notebook. (Number 1 is done
as an example.)

[+] Benefited [- ] Harmed [O] Unaffected

Table 6. Relationship between Organisms
Effects of the Relationship
Participating Organisms
Examples between Organisms
(Host) (Parasite) (Host) (Parasite)
1.

CHILD LICE - +
Figure 17. Lice and child
2.

A. _____ B. _____ C. _____ D. _____

Figure 18. Aphids and plant

3.

A. _____ B. _____ C. _____ D. _____

Fi Figure 19. Child and

intestinal worm

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 Lesson

4 Predation
One of the most observable interactions in the ecosystem is the predator-prey
relationship. In this lesson, you will learn about predation as an interaction in which
an organism of one species captures and feeds on parts or all of an organism of
another species.

What’s In

Activity 1: Fill Me!

Directions: Study the table below and fill in the columns with the correct answers. Write
your answers in your Science activity notebook. (Number 1 is done for you.)
Table 7. Ecological Relationships of Organism

Organisms involved in the Effects of the Relationship Type of

relationship Ecological
Examples (benefited, harmed,
Relationship
unaffected)
Organism A Organism B Organism A Organism B

A.

Man Dog Benefited Benefited Mutualism

Figure 20. Man-Dog

B. 1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. ______

Figure 21. Man-Mosquito

C.

6. _____ 7. _____ 8. _____ 9. _____ 10. _____

Figure 22. Shark-Remora

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 What’s New

Activity 2. Which Eats What?

Directions: Given the examples of interactions below, complete the table by answering
the questions. Write your answers in your Science activity notebook.
(Example A is your guide.)

Table 8. Interaction of Organisms

What organisms Which is Which is

Organisms
are involved? the eater? eaten?

A.

Lizard
Lizard Insect
Insect
Figure 23. Lizard and Insect
B.

1._______ 2.______ 3. ______

Figure 24. Mouse and Cat

C.

4. _______ 5. ______ 6. ______

Figure 25. Fish and Eagle

D.

7. _______ 8. ______ 9. _______

Figure 26. Spider and Fly

E.

10. _______ 11. _____ 12. ______

Figure 27. Bird and Worm

Adapted from Science 7 Learner’s Material

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 What is It

Another relationship that exists in the ecosystem is the food-getting relationship.

One organism is benefited while the other one is killed and eaten by the other organism.
This relationship is called predation.

An animal that kills and eats other animals is called a predator while those that
are killed and eaten by its predator are called prey. Prey animals are usually smaller
and less powerful than the predator that eats them. Monitor lizards that eat insects are
predators; the insects are their prey.

In a given community, predators compete with other predators for prey animals.
In the wild, a predator’s prey may be another prey’s predator. This means that while an
animal hunts and feeds upon another animal, it can also become prey to a larger and
stronger predator.

What’s More

Activity 3. Prey and Predator

Directions: Identify the predator and the prey between the pairs of organisms listed on
the first column. Write your answers in your Science activity notebook.

Table 9. Predator and Prey

Organisms Predator Prey

Ex: Man and Fish Man Fish

A. Man and Chicken 1. 2.

B. Eagle and Rat 3. 4.
C. Spider and Frog 5. 6.

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 Lesson

5 Competition

Competition plays a significant role in the survival of certain species. Ecological

competition is the struggle between two organisms for the same resources within an
environment.

What’s In

Activity 1: Pic-Talk
Directions: Identify the ecological relationship that exists between the organisms as
shown in each illustration below. Write your answers in your Science
activity notebook.
dog and tick
cat and mouse

1. ______________________ 3. __________________

butterflies
and flowers

ant and tree

2.______________________ 4. __________________

Figure 28. Ecological Relationships of Organism

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 What’s New

Activity 2: Describe Me!

Directions: Describe the relationship that exists between and among organisms as
shown in Figure 29 below. Write your answers in your Science activity
notebook.

Q1. What relationship is shown between the

cogon and corn grasses?
_________________________________
_________________________________

Q2. What important resources are they

competing for?
_________________________________ Dreamstime.com

_________________________________

Q3. What would happen to the corn plants if

more cogon grasses grow?
________________________________
Figure 29. Corn and cogon grasses
________________________________

What is It

In the ecosystem, competition takes place when organisms compete for limited
resources like food, space, shelter or territory and mates. Competition may happen
between organisms of the same species or between different species.

In competition, both the organisms involved are harmed or affected negatively. It

has a negative-negative effect on the organisms.

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 What’s More

Activity 3: My Competitor!
Directions: Given the examples of interactions in Table 10 below, describe the
relationship of the organisms. Write you answers in your Science activity
notebook. (Number 1 is given as an example.)

Table 10. Competition in an Ecosystem

What are the organisms Describe the
Organisms involved in the relationship
relationship?

1. B.
The grasses and
A. other plants compete
Grasses and other for space and soil
plants nutrients.
They are all harmed in
the relationship.
Figure 30. Grasses and other plants

2.
A. ______ B. _______

Figure 31. Cat and dog

3.
A. ______ B. _______

Figure 32. Two birds

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 What I Have Learned

Directions: Fill in each blank with the missing word. Choose your answers from the
given words in the box. Write your answers in your Science activity
notebook

Food Preys Predator Commensals

Competition Mutualism Parasitism Predation
Commensalism Space Interact

(1)
Organisms live in an ecosystem and _______ with each other. These interactions
may benefit or harm the organisms. Others may not be harmed or affected at all.
(2)
______is an ecological relationship where both organisms are benefited. This
relationship exists between soil bacteria rhizobia and legumes like peanut and bean
plants. (3)

_______ is another relationship where one organism is benefited while the other
is hunted and killed. In a marine ecosystem, shark eats small fishes. The shark is called
(4) and the small fish eaten by the shark is the
the _______ (5)
_______.
(6)
When two or more population use a limited supply of resources, _______ may
(7)
occur among the organisms. They compete for _______ (8)
, light and _______.

In the ecosystem, birds build their nests on trees but the tree is not affected at all.
(9)
This relationship is called _______. The birds benefit from the relationship. They are
(10)
called the _______.
(11)
Another ecological relationship is _______ in which one organism lives at the
expense of another. A parasite depends on the host for food, nourishment and shelter.

26
 What I Can Do

Directions:

1. Visit your backyard or garden. List down the names of living things or organisms
found in that area. (You can use the common names of the organisms.)
2. Using your list, identify the different ecological relationships that exist.
3. Describe the effect of the relationship whether the organism is benefited,
harmed or unaffected.
4. Copy the table below and write your answer for this activity in your Science
activity notebook. (NOTE: An example is done for you.)

Table 11. Ecological Relationship

Describe the relationship

Organisms Involved
(benefited, harmed, unaffected)
Type of Ecological
Relationship
A B Organism A Organism B

1. butterfly flower mutualism benefited benefited

2.

3.

4.

27
 Assessment

Directions: Read each question carefully and choose the best answer from the given
choices. Write the letter of your answer in your Science activity notebook.

1. What type of ecological relationship exists between durian and lanzones trees
using the same resources such as space and sunlight?
A. Commensalism B. Competition C. Mutualism D. Predation
2. Which of the following describes commensalism?
A. Tick living on the skin of the dog
B. Lions hunting and killing a buffalo
C. An orchid living on a trunk of a mahogany tree
D. An insect larva staying on the leaves of a plant
3. Which of the following examples exhibits competition?
A. Butterflies feeding on nectar of a flower
B. Fishes in the coral reefs looking for food
C. Orchids attach itself on the trunk of a tree
D. Birds making its nest on the branch of the tree
4. Given are pairs of organisms: orchid and tree, remora and shark, heron and
carabao, and frog and plant. Which are the commensals?
A. Orchid, shark, heron, frog C. Tree, shark carabao, plant
B. Orchid, remora, heron, frog D. Tree, remora, carabao, plant
5. Which of the following describes mutualism?
A. Giraffe eating leaves of trees
B. Barnacle sticking on the shell of an oyster
C. An orchid living on a trunk of a mahogany tree
D. Rhizobium bacteria living in the root nodules of peanuts
6. Eagles eat mostly fish. They are called_____.
A. commensals B. host C. parasites D. predators
7. Which of the following statements is TRUE about commensalism?
A. Both organisms are harmed.
B. Both organisms are benefited.
C. One organism is benefited while the other is harmed.
D. One organism is benefited while the other is unaffected.
8. The ecological relationship of fishes in the aquarium is the same as that of ___.
A. mosquito and man C. a bee and a flower
B. a frog and a cricket D. grasses in the garden

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9. Which of the following statements is NOT CORRECT?
A. In mutualism, both organisms are benefited.
B. In parasitism, the parasite gets nutrients from its host.
C. In competition, the organisms are both harmed in the relationship.
D. In commensalism, the organisms compete for food, shelter and protection.
10. In parasitism, the parasites live inside or outside the body of the host in order to
survive. Which of the following organisms is NOT a parasite?
A. Ant B. Bacteria C. Mosquito D. Tick
11. The ecological relationship of plants in the terrarium is the same kind of
relationship that exists between ______.
A. cow and flea C. pigs in the pigpen
B. snake and frog D. crocodile and fish
12. The acacia tree provides the ants with food and shelter. The ants, on the other
hand, protect the acacia tree from plant-eating insects. This relationship is the
same as that of_____.
A. a mosquito and man C. the grasses in the garden
B. a frog and a cricket D. a bee and a flowering plant
13. During harvest time, abundant supply of food is accompanied by the increase in
number of field mice that eats the rice plant. Snakes that hunt on the field mice
will also increase in number. What could be the possible outcomes if the farmers
get rid of the snakes?
I. The food supply will decrease.
II. The snake population will increase.
III. The rice mice population will double.
IV. The rice mice population will control the snake population.

A. I only B. II and III only C. I and III only D. II and IV only

14. Which of the following describes the relationship between a dog and a man?
A. The dog is benefited while man is harmed.
B. The dog is harmed while man is benefited.
C. The dog is benefited while man is unaffected.
D. The dog and man are benefited from the relationship.
15. Which of the following examples is a predator-prey relationship?
A. Frog eating mosquitoes
B. Bee feeding on the nectar of a flower
C. Bird making its nest on the branch of the tree
D. Fern plant attaching itself on the trunk of a tree

29
 Additional Activities

Directions: Make a photo collage of the different relationships in the ecosystem by

cutting out pictures and pasting it in your Science activity notebook.

Rubrics for the Photo Collage

Excellent Very Good Good Fair

Category
20 15 10 5
Concept or idea Concept or
Concept or idea Concept or
is very clear idea does not
Concept/Idea is clear and idea is
and relate to the
understandable. incomplete.
understandable. topic.
Information is Information is
Information is The
very organized organized but
Organization organized with information is
with clear title lacking titles
title and labels. not organized.
and labels. and labels.
The poster is
The poster is The poster is The poster is
very attractive,
attractive, well attractive, not attractive
Presentation very well
organized and organized but and not
organized and
neat. messy. organized.
neat.

Congratulations! You have completed Module 7.

30
Answer Key

31
32
 References

Books

Alvie J. Asuncion, et.al.. 2017. Science - Grade 7 Learner's Material. Pasig City: FEP Printing
Corporation.

Dr. Lilia M. Rabago,et.al. 1990. Science and Technology 2 - Biology. Metro Manila - Cebu: Vibal
Publishing House, Incorporated.

Lilia Malabonga Rabago, Ph.D.,et.al. 1997. Laboratory Manual and Workbook Science and
Technology 2 Biology. Metro Manila-Cebu: Vibal Publishing House, Incorporated.
.
Maria Olivares, et.al.,2003. Science and Technology for the Modern World II. Makati City: Diwa
Scholastic Press Inc.

Towle, Albert. 1999. Modern Biology. United States of America: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

Electronic Resources

2017. Clipartlook.com. Accessed June 20, 2020. Source : <a

href="https://clipartlook.com/look/5621-coral-reef-clip-art.html" title="Coral Reef Clip
Art">Coral Reef Clip Art</a>.

n.d. Canva.com. Accessed June 22, 2020.

Contributors, Wikipedia. 2020. Wikipedia. Accesses June 10,2020.

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mutualism_(biology)&oldid=961719398

Ryczkowski, Angela. 2018. Sciencing. Accessed May 20,2020. https://sciencing.com/five-types-

ecological-relationships-7786.html.

n.d. Khan Academy.Accessed May 20,2020. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-

school-biology/hs-ecology/hs-ecological-relationships/a/ecological-interactions.

Neistadt, Mrs. Emily. 2012. August 19. Accessed May 25, 2020.
https://www.slideshare.net/emneistadt/ecology-symbiotic-relationships.

P., APES: Reymond. n.d. Ppreymond.weebly. Accessed May 25, 2020.

https://ppreymond.weebly.com/biology-essentials--populations-guided-viewing-
worksheet.html.

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 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

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