Bài tập chương 4:

Hàm nhiều biến trong kinh tế (Functions of Two or More Variables and Applications)
1) Tìm tập xác định (domain) các hàm sau:

a. z  x 2  y 2 4x  3 4 x3 y  x g. q  p1  3 p2
c. z  e. z 
y 2x  y
b. z  4 x  3 y h. q  5 p1  p1  p2
x  y2 f. z  x  y
d. z 
x
2) Tìm giá trị hàm tại các điểm đã chỉ ra.

p1  4 p2 d. f  x, y   ye 2 x  y 2 tìm f  0, 7  .
a. q1  p1 , p2   , tìm q1  40, 35  .
p1  p2
ln  xy 
5 p1  p2 e. f  x, y   tìm f  3, 4  .
b. q1  p1 , p2   , tìm q1  50,10  . x2  y 2
p1  3 p2
f. z  x, y   x ln  y   y ln  x  tìm z 1,1 .
c. z  x, y   xe x  y tìm z  3, 3 .
3) (Investment) The future value S of an investment earning 6% compounded continuously is a function of the principal
(vốn) P and the length of time t that the principal has been invested. It is given by

S  f  P, t   Pe0.06t

Find f  2000, 20  , and interpret (giải thích ý nghĩa) your answer.

4) (Utility – Hàm thỏa dụng) Suppose that the utility function for two goods X and Y is given by U  xy 2 , and a
consumer purchases (mua) 9 units of X and 6 units of Y.

(a) If the consumer purchases 9 units of Y, how many units of X must be purchased to retain the same level of utility?

(b) If the consumer purchases 81 units of X, how many units of Y must be purchased to retain the same level of utility?

(c) Graph the indifference curve for the utility level found in parts (a) and (b). Use the graph to confirm your answers to
parts (a) and (b).

5) (Production - Hàm sản xuất) Suppose that a company’s production for Q units of its product is given by the
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Cobb-Douglas production function Q  30 K 4 L4 , where K is dollars of capital investment and L is labor hours.

(a) Find Q if K  $10,000 and L  625 hours.

(b) Show that if both K and Lare doubled, then the output is doubled.

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(c) If capital investment is held at $10,000, graph Q as a function of L.

6) (Profit) The Kirk Kelly Kandy Company makes two kinds of candy, Kisses and Kreams. The profit, in dollars, for
the company is given by

P  x, y   10 x  6.4 y  0.001x  20.025 y 2

where x is the number of pounds of Kisses sold per week and y is the number of pounds of Kreams. What is the
company’s profit if it sells

(a) 20 pounds of Kisses and 10 pounds of Kreams?

(b) 100 pounds of Kisses and 16 pounds of Kreams?

(c) 10,000 pounds of Kisses and 256 pounds of Kreams?

7) Tìm đạo hàm riêng cấp 1 của các hàm sau:

z z C C
a. If z  x 4  5 x 2  6 x  3 y 3  5 y  7 find and . e. If C  x , y   600  4 xy  10 x 2y find and .
x y x y

b. If z  x3  4 x 2 y  6 y 2 find z x and z y . 2s  3t Q Q
f. If Q  s, t   2 2
find and .
s t s t
f f
 
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c. If f  x, y   x3  2 y 2 find and . g. If z  e2 x  y ln x find z x and z y .
x y

f f h. Find the partial derivative of

d. If f  x, y   2 x 2  5 y 2 find and .
x y
f  x, y   3 x2  4 x  6 xy

with respect to y at x  2, y  1.

8) Tìm các đạo hàm riêng cấp 2 của các hàm sau:

a. z  x 2  4 x  5 y 3 b. z  x 2 y  4 xy 2

c. z  x 2  e xy d. z  y 2  ln xy

2x
e. If f  x, y   x3 y  4 xy 4 find f xx 1, 1 . f. If f  x, y   find f xx  1, 4  , f yy  1, 4  and f xy  1, 4  .
x  y2
2

9) (Cost) Suppose that the cost function (in dollars) of producing a product is C  x, y   25  2 x 2  3 y 2 , where
x is the cost per pound for material (chi phí mỗi đơn vị nguyên liệu) and y is the cost per hour for labor (chi phí của
mỗi giờ công lao động).

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(a) If material costs are held constant, at what rate will the total cost increase for each $1-per-hour increase in
labor?

(b) If the labor costs are held constant, at what rate will the total cost increase for each increase of $1 in material
cost?

10) (Profit) Suppose that the profit (in dollars) from the sale of Kisses and Kreams is given by

P  x , y   10 x  6.4 y  0.001x 2  0.025 y 2

P
where x is the number of pounds of Kisses and y is the number of pounds of Kreams. Find , and give the
y
approximate rate of change of profit with respect to the number of pounds of Kreams that are sold if 100 pounds of
Kisses and 16 pounds of Kreams are currently being sold. What does this mean?

HD:

P
Tìm 100;16  và nêu ý nghĩa.
y

P
11) (Utility) If U  f  x, y  is the utility function for goods X and Y, the marginal utilityof X is and the
x
P
marginal utility of Y is . If U  x 2 y 2 , find the marginal utility of (a) X. (b) Y.
y
1 2
12) (Production) Suppose that the output Q(in units) of a certain company is Q  75K L , where K is the
3 3

Q Q
capital expenditures in thousands of dollars and L is the number of labor hours. Find and when capital
K L
expenditures are $729,000 and the labor hours total 5832. Interpret each answer.
13) The cost (in dollars) of manufacturing one item is given by C  x, y   30  3x  5 y , where x is the cost of 1
hour of labor and y is the cost of 1 pound of material.

(a) If the hourly cost of labor is $20, and the material costs $3 per pound, what is the cost of manufacturing one of
these items?

(b) Find and interpret the partial derivative of C with respect to x.

14) The total cost of producing 1 unit of a product is

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 xy
C  x, y   30  2 x  4 y  dollars
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where x is the cost per pound of raw materials and y is the cost per hour of labor.

(a) If labor costs are held constant, at what rate will the total cost increase for each increase of $1 per pound in
material cost?

(b) If material costs are held constant, at what rate will the total cost increase for each $1 per hour increase in
labor costs?

x2 y
15) The total cost of producing an item is C  x, y   40  4 x  6 y  dollars, where x is the cost per pound
100
of raw materials and y is the cost per hour for labor. How will an increase of

(a) $1 per pound of raw materials affect the total cost?

(b) $1 per hour in labor costs affect the total cost?

16) The joint cost (in dollars) for two products is given by C  x , y   30  x 2  3 y  2 xy , where x represents the
quantity of product X produced and y represents the quantity of product Y produced.

(a) Find and interpret the marginal cost with respect to x if 8 units of product X and 10 units of product Y are
produced.

(b) Find and interpret the marginal cost with respect to y if 8 units of product X and 10 units of product Y are
produced.

C
HD: a) Tìm  8;10  và nêu y nghĩa.
x

C
b) Tìm  8;10  và nêu y nghĩa.
y

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17) Suppose that the production function for a product is z  4 xy , where x represents the number of
workhours per month and y is the number of available machines. Determine the marginal productivity of
(a) x. (b) y.
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18) Suppose the production function for a product is z  60 x y , where x is the capital expenditures and y is
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the number of work-hours. Find the marginal productivity of (a) x. (b) y.

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19) Suppose the Cobb-Douglas production function for a company is given by z  400 x 5 y 5 , where x is the
company’s capital investment and y is the size of the labor force (in work-hours).

(a) Find the marginal productivity of x.

(b) If the current labor force is 1024 work-hours, substitute y  1024 in your answer to part (a) and graph the
result.

(c) Find the marginal productivity of y.

(d) If the current capital investment is $59,049, substitute x  59, 049 in your answer to part (c) and graph the
result.

20) (Profit) Suppose that the quarterly profit from the sale of Kisses and Kreams is given by

P  x , y   10 x  6.4 y  0.001x 2  0.025 y 2 dollars

where x is the number of pounds of Kisses and y is the number of pounds of Kreams. Selling how many pounds of
Kisses and Kreams will maximize profit? What is the maximum profit?

HD: Tìm cực trị hàm P  x, y  .

21) (Profit) The profit from the sales of two products is given by

P  x , y   20 x  70 y  x 2  y 2 dollars

where x is the number of units of product 1 sold and y is the number of units of product 2. Selling how much of
each product will maximize profit? What is the maximum profit?

22) (Production) Suppose that P  3.78 x 2  1.5 y 2  0.09 x3  0.01y 3 tons is the production function for a
product with x units of one input and y units of a second input. Find the values of x and y that will maximize
production. What is the maximum production?
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23) (Profit) Suppose that a manufacturer produces two brands of a product, brand 1 and brand 2. Suppose the
demand for brand 1 is x  70  p1 thousand units and the demand for brand 2 is y  80  p2 thousand units, where
p1and p2 are prices in dollars. If the joint cost function is C  xy , in thousands of dollars, how many of each brand
should be produced to maximize profit? What is the maximum profit?
HD:
Hàm doanh thu R (x , y ) = (70 - x ) x + (80 - y ) y = 70x + 80y - x 2 - y 2 .

24) (Profit) A company manufactures two products, A and B. If x is the number of thousands of units of A and
y is the number of thousands of units of B, then the cost and revenue in thousands of dollars are

C  x , y   2 x 2  2 xy  y 2  7 x  10 y  11 , R  x , y   5 x  8 y.

Find the number of each type of product that should be manufactured to maximize profit. What is the maximum
profit?

HD:

Hàm lợi nhuận

P  x, y   R  x, y   C  x, y   5 x  8 y   2 x 2  2 xy  y 2  7 x  10 y  11
 2 x 2  2 xy  y 2  12 x  18 y  11

Tìm cực trị hàm P  x, y  .

25) Một công ty sản xuất độc quyền hai loại mặt hàng A và B với số lượng và giá bán tương ứng lần lượt là x,
y (sản phẩm) và 580  5x (ngàn đồng/sản phẩm), 740  8y (ngàn đồng/sản phẩm). Cho biết hàm chi phí để sản
xuất sản phẩm là C  x, y   2 xy  4 (ngàn đồng). Công ty nên sản xuất bao nhiêu sản phẩm mỗi mặt hàng để lợi
nhuận thu được là lớn nhất.
HD:
Hàm doanh thu R  x , y   580  5x  x  740  8y  y  580 x  740 y  5x 2 8 y 2

Hàm lợi nhuận

P  x , y   R  x , y   C x , y   580 x  740 y  5x 2  8 y 2  2 xy  4 
 580 x  740 y  5 x 2  8 y 2  2 xy  4
Tìm cực trị hàm lợi nhuận.

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26) Giả sử công ty sản suất hai loại sản phẩm có sản lượng x, y với mức giá p1 = 60, p2 = 75 và hàm chi

phí là C (x , y ) = x 2 + xy + y 2 . Tìm mức sản lượng x, y để công ty đạt lợi nhuận lớn nhất. Tìm lợi nhuận lớn nhất

đó.
HD:
Hàm doanh thu R  x , y   60 x  75 y.

27) Công ty A sản xuất hai mặt hàng X và Y. Thông tin cho trong bảng sau

Sản lượng Giá bán

X x (nghìn sản phẩm) p1 = 50 (nghìn đồng /sản phẩm)

Y y (nghìn sản phẩm) p2 = 80 (nghìn đồng /sản phẩm)

Hàm chi phí cho hai sản phẩm là C (x , y ) = 5x 2 + 3xy + 4y 2 .

a. Tìm hàm lợi nhuận P (x , y ) .

¶P
b. Tìm
¶x
(2; 3)
c. Công ty A phải chọn mức sản lượng (x , y ) như thế nào đạt mức lợi nhuận lớn nhất. Tìm lợi nhuận lớn nhất đó.
Giải:
Hàm doanh thu R (x , y ) = p1x + p2y = 50x + 80y
Hàm lợi nhuận
(
P (x , y ) = R (x , y ) - C (x , y ) = 50x + 80y - 5x 2 + 3xy + 4y 2 )
2 2
= 50x + 80y - 5x - 3xy - 4y
¶P
¶x
(x , y ) = 50 - 10x - 3y
¶P
¶x
(2; 3) = 50 - 10 (2) - 3 (3) = 21
Nếu giữ nguyên sản lượng sản phẩm Y là 3000, tăng sản lượng sản phẩm X từ 2000 lên 3000 thì lợi nhuận tăng
xấp xỉ 21 triệu đồng.
Tìm cực trị hàm lợi nhuận:
¶P
¶x
(x , y ) = 50 - 10x - 3y

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¶P
¶y
(x , y ) = 80 - 3y - 8y
ìï ¶P
ïï ¶x ( )
ïï x, y = 0 50 - 10x - 3y = 0 x = 2.25
¶P 80 - 3x - 8y = 0 y = 9.15
ïï ¶y (x , y ) = 0
ïî
….