Drilling Motor Training

June 2022
Outline of this Presentation

Motor Use :
‒ Performance Drilling
‒ Directional Drilling
Motor Sub-Assemblies:
‒ Top sub
‒ Power Section
‒ Driveshaft assembly
‒ Adjustable assembly
‒ Bearing assembly
• Motor Handbook:
‒ Data layout
‒ Reading charts
• Knowledge Check
Motor Use

3
Performance Drilling

ROP
System
Stability Benefits

Durability
Motor Applications - Performance

ROP is better because.....

‒ Power is not wasted turning the drill string
‒ Torque is consistent
‒ Total RPM is typically higher
‒ Higher weight can be applied without drive stall
Stability – Less Torsional Vibration
‒ Higher RPM
‒ Consistent torque – consistent depth of cut
‒ Torsional damping

Stability – Less Lateral Vibration

‒ High motor torque helps avoid bit whirl
Bit Whirl

Momentary Center of Rotation

6
Motor Applications - Performance

Bit durability is greater ....

‒ Consistent application of parameters
‒ Efficient drilling
‒ Reduced vibration

Drill String RPM Greatly Reduced

‒ Reduces casing wear
‒ Reduces drill string wear
‒ Reduces drill string fatigue
Motor Applications - Performance

ROP
ROP
• Higher
• Consistent

• Torsional System
Stability • Lateral
Benefits
Bit • Cutting structure
Durability • Bearing
Motor Applications - Directional Drilling

Steerability
Orient = Set tool Face
Slide = Change Well Path
Rotate = Hold Tangent
Motor Applications - Summary
Performance Motor Steerable Rotary Steerable
BHA ↑ BHA ↑

Straight
Motor

Straight Bent
Motor Motor

RS System

Bit Bit Bit

Motor Sub-Assemblies

15
Motor Sub Assemblies
Upper End (Hydraulics)

Dump Sub
• Allows the drill string to fill and drain by
bypassing the power section

Top Sub / Catch System

• It saves the motor from the stator top end
box connection down to the drill bit

Power Section - Rotor and Stator

• Converts flow and pressure into rotation
and torque
• Hydraulic horsepower into Mechanical
horsepower
Motor Sub Assemblies
Drive Shaft (Transmission) Assembly
• Allows motor to be bent for steering
• Converts eccentric motion of power section into
concentric motion to bearing assembly

Adjustable Assembly
• Allows motor to be bent for steering
• Adjustable from straight to 3° in 12 increments
• Adjustable from straight to 4° in 18 increments

Bearing Assembly
• Transmits the rotation of the rotor to the bit
• Carries thrust load from WOB through thrust
bearings
• Carries radial and bending loads through radial
bearings
Motor Catch Assembly
MOTOR CATCH
TOP SUB

STATOR

NOZZLE
OR PLUG

MOTOR CATCH
STEM

ROTOR

▪ The motor catch system has the additional feature of an integral catch flange
within the top sub.
▪ It will retrieve the motor from the top sub down to the drill bit.
What is a Power Section?

• Power Section is a “Power Converter”

• Fluid Power → Mechanical Power

‒ Fluid power → Flow and Pressure
‒ Mechanical Power → Speed and Torque

• Mechanical power creates rotation and

torque to turn the transmission unit

19
Parts of a Power Section

Stator Liner (rubber)

Rotor (steel)

Stator Tube (steel)

20
 Power Section Components

Rotor
Stator Liner
• Composed of 2 pieces: (steel)
‒ Rotor - curved spiral outer surface (Elastomer)
‒ Stator - curved spiral bore

• Stator has 1 more lobe than the Rotor

‒ Hence, 4:5 = 4 lobe rotor and 5 lobe stator

• Difference in lobes creates a fluid inlet

volume (cavity)
‒ When fluid is pumped through the cavity it
causes the rotor to turn Stator Tube
(steel)

21
 Common Lobe Configurations

LOW TORQUE HIGH TORQUE

HIGH SPEED LOW SPEED

1:2 3:4 4:5 5:6 7:8 9:10

22
How does it work? 6 3/4" 7/8 5.7 STD Fit

Flow and Speed

Recommended Operating Limits
Power Section Max Flow Range 750 gpm
Rev Per Unit Volume (No Load) 0.23 rev/gal
Approx Press Drop 165 psi
PowerPLUS™ Max Diff Pressure 1,350 psi**

• Flowing mud at high pressure enters the power PowerPLUS™ Torque @ Max Pressure

Theoretical Performace Calculator

15,200 lb-ft**

[water @ 70°F]**

section inlet Input Output

Mud weight 9.8 ppg Output Torque

• As this fluid cavity moves down through the stator, it

Installed Nozzle 0/32 in 5640 lb-ft
Drilling Flowrate 650 gpm
Differential Pressure 500 psi Output Speed

pushes against the rotor, creating rotation

PS Flowrate 650 gpm 148 RPM

Theoretical Performace Curve [water @ 70°F]**

• Each cavity is a fixed (constant) volume, so the 150

18,000

higher the flow rate, the faster the rotor turns

16,000

125 14,000

12,000

Output Torque (lb-ft)

Output Speed (RPM)
100

Flow rate → Rotation rate

10,000

75
8,000

6,000
50

4,000
25
2,000

0 -
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Differential Operating Pressure (PSI)

23
How does it work
Pressure and Torque

• As WOB is applied, it takes more torque to

continue turning the bit
• Mud pressure builds up and pushes harder on
the rotor
‒So the rotor is forced to turn
• As more WOB is applied, more pressure builds
up to keep the rotor turning

Pressure → Torque
How does it work 6 3/4" 7/8 5.7 STD Fit

Pressure and Torque

Recommended Operating Limits
Power Section Max Flow Range 750 gpm
Rev Per Unit Volume (No Load) 0.23 rev/gal
Approx Press Drop 165 psi
PowerPLUS™ Max Diff Pressure 1,350 psi**

• Differential pressure is On-Bottom - Off-Bottom (PSI)

PowerPLUS™ Torque @ Max Pressure 15,200 lb-ft**

Theoretical Performace Calculator [water @ 70°F]**

• Increase in pressure through the power section seen as

Input Output

Mud weight 9.8 ppg Output Torque

increase in standpipe pressure at surface

Installed Nozzle 0/32 in 5640 lb-ft
Drilling Flowrate 650 gpm
Differential Pressure 500 psi Output Speed
PS Flowrate 650 gpm 148 RPM

• Measurable on surface: Theoretical Performace Curve [water @ 70°F]**

Higher WOB → more torque needed to keep bit 150

18,000

turning…
16,000

Increased Torque Demand

125 14,000

12,000

Output Torque (lb-ft)

Output Speed (RPM)
100

10,000

Increased Differential Pressure

75
8,000

6,000
50

4,000

Output torque from the motor is directly 25

2,000

proportional to the differential pressure 0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Differential Operating Pressure (PSI)
1400
-
HEMIDRIL vs. Conventional

27
Motor Sub Assemblies
Lower End (Mechanics)

• Drive Shaft (Transmission) Assembly

• Adjustable Assembly

• Bearing Assembly
Driveshaft & Adjustable Assembly
Lateral Forces
Bent Rotation

WOB

POOH
Concentric Back Nutation
Reaming
Functions
✓ Transmit torque to bit
✓ Keep concentric movement
✓ Transmit axial forces
✓ Transmit Lateral Forces
✓ Lubricate Bearings
✓ Balance Internal Pressure

© 2021 NOV Inc. All Rights Reserved. Presentation Name – 6/30/2022 29

Vector Driveshaft & Adjustable Assembly
•2 x Universal Joints → Eccentric to Concentric Motion
•Large ID → Strong Driveshaft → Higher torsional strength
•Four Components → Simple servicing ROTOR
UPPER OIL SEAL
UNIVERSAL JOINT
LOWER OIL SEAL DRIVESHAFT
UNIVERSAL JOINT

ROTOR
ADAPTER

BEARING
ADAPTER STATOR
LOCK HOUSING
ADJUSTING RING
•2 x Angled components → Surface Adjustable
•Allow setting of motor housing bend angle

SPLINED MANDREL

OFFSET HOUSING
Adjustable Housing
NOV Bend Angle Options Example Settings
Power Section
Maximum Number Of 3° Adjustable Housing
Bend Angle Positions 0.00°
2°
Lock Housing 13
0.39°
2.38°
Adjusting Ring 8 0.78°
3° 13 1.15°
4° 19 1.50°
Offset Housing 1.83°
2.12°
2.38°
2.60°
2.77°
2.89°
2.97°
3.00°
Adjustable Assembly

33
Motor Sub Assemblies

• Drive Shaft Assembly

• Adjustable Assembly

• Bearing Assembly
‒Oil sealed
‒Mud lubricated
 Mud Lube Bearing

Vector Mud Lube Bearing Assembly (ML3)

THRUST HOUSING
HOUSING ADAPTER
OUTER FLOW
THRUST RESTRICTOR
BEARING
HOUSING
RING BALL
LOWER BEARING
HOUSING
THREAD
BEARING
PROTECTOR
MANDREL

MANDREL PIN
TORQUE NUT

SHAFT
COMPRESSION
UPPER NUT
SHAFT FLOW
INNER RESTRICTOR
BEARING
RING

OUTER
LOWER SHAFT COMPRESSION
FLOW RESTRICTOR RING
650-40-A0 SHOWN
Mud Lube Bearing

WEIGHT OF DRILL STRING

TRANSFERRED TO BIT

BIT BOX
 Oil Sealed Bearing

Vector Oil Sealed Bearing Assembly (ST3)

PISTON HOUSING
THRUST FLOATING
SPLIT HOUSING PISTON
BEARING RING
LOWER HOUSING
PISTON
HOUSING

BEARING
MANDREL

UPPER
RADIAL
BEARING
LOWER ON BOTTOM
RADIAL BEARING
BEARING
SEAL CAP
BOTTOM OFF BOTTOM
BALANCING BEARING
PISTON
Bearing Assembly
Stabilizer Options

Integral
Threaded
Screw
Trueon
Eccentric
Spiral
Stabiliser
Straight
Slick

Application Stabiliser Configuration

‘Normal’ build rates
rates; straight hole. Integral straight stabiliser
Lower build rate. Slick, with thread protector
Bicentre bit, requiring minimum
minimal max.
max.tool
toolsize
size True slick housing
‘Normal’ build rates
rates; straight hole. Screw on straight stabiliser
For performance, above RSS Screw on spiral stabiliser
Maximum build rates Screw on eccentric stabiliser
Stabilizer Options Summary
1
• (Availability varies by motor size)
1.Slick Thrust Housing
2 2.Slick with Thread Protector
3.Integral Blade Stabilizer
3 4.Straight Blade Stabilizer
5.Spiral Blade Stabilizer
6.Eccentric Stabilizer
4

5
6
Motor Handbook
Extracting Information

41
Motor Handbook - Contents
Section I - NOV Motors
• Introduction
• Motor Sub-assemblies
• Motor Technology
Section II - Motor Operating
• Applications
• Operation
Section III – Supporting Data
• Nozzle Selection
• Adjustable Assembly Instructions
• Troubleshooting
Section IV – Motor Performance Data
• Motor Performance Summary
• Motor Performance Data
 Operating Limits

Dimensions

Build Rates

Performance

Rotation Limits
Motor Handbook - Dimensions

• Size

• Lobe configuration

• Number of stages

• General dimensions
Predicted Build Rates

1 2 3
Calculating Build Rate:
• Three contact points determine maximum build rate.
• Lower build rate in soft formations.
11 1/4" 3/4 3.6 Stage Motor (p200 V7.0)
1.5° bend angle, with single stabiliser in 17 ½” hole Example
What is the predicted build rate?
What will it be if run slick? Problem
Or with a 0.78° bend and two stabilisers?
Predicted Build Rates

2 3
Predicted Build Rates

2 3
Predicted Build Rates

2 3
Maximum Hole Curvature for Rotary Drilling

Calculating Maximum Hole Curvature while Rotary Drilling:

• A Bent Motor is rotated in a curved hole at a given bend setting.
• High stresses are generated in the motor.
• Exceeding maximum allowed hole curvature will fatigue and break motor .
11 1/4" 3/4 3.6 Stage Motor (p200 V7.0)
1.5° bend angle, slick motor in 17 ½ “ hole
Maximum curvature in which rotation allowed?
Example
With two stabilisers what is the maximum allowable bend Problem
setting for rotation through a 4°/100ft curve?
Maximum Hole Curvature for Rotary Drilling
Maximum Hole Curvature for Rotary Drilling
Motor Limits

Calculated RPM is
for no load.

For bit hydraulics the

motor pressure drop is:
250 + ΔP

Performance depends on
elastomer choice!

US = Undersize
STD = Standard
OS = Oversize
Power Curves
ΔP = 450 psi RPM = 110
Q = 1200 gpm Torque = 11,000 lb-ft
Std. Elastomer

ΔP = 450 psi RPM = 130

Q = 1200 gpm Torque = 11,000 lb-ft
PowerPLUS™

ΔP = 750 psi RPM = 100

Q = 1200 gpm Torque = 18,000 lb-ft
PowerPLUS™
ΔP = 350 psi RPM = 115
Q = 1100 gpm Torque = 9,000 lb-ft
Std. Elastomer
ΔP = 650 psi RPM = 112
Q = 1200 gpm Torque = 16,000 lb-ft
PowerPLUS™
© 2021 NOV Inc. All Rights Reserved. Presentation Name – 6/30/2022 54
© 2021 NOV Inc. All Rights Reserved. Presentation Name – 6/30/2022 56
Learning Objectives

• At the end of this module you should be able to:

• Skill Set
• Extract key information from the NOV Motor Handbook
• Knowledge Set
• Describe the main benefits of using a motor
• Name the major sub-assemblies of a motor
• Describe briefly how motors work
• Give a basic explanation of the function of each of the five major sub-
assemblies
• Explain the applications of oil and mud lubricated bearings
• Explain the use of motors in performance & directional drilling
• Name the major NOV motor products