Srinivasa Ramanujan

Untrained; self-taught; genius- these are

some of the adjectives that were used to
describe Ramanujan’s brief, but
incredible life. Srinivasa Ramanujan was
born December 22, 1887, in the city of
Erode, in his grandmother’s house.
Outside of his life in mathematics,
Ramanujan was a very religious person.
He was a Hindu, and especially
worshipped the Hindu god Narashima.
Narashima is the fourth reincarnation of
Lord Vishnu, the main god of the Hindu
religion. Ramanujan’s father was a textile
clerk, and his mother was a singer. His
mother had two other children, however,
they died during the industry. Just like his
other two siblings, Srinivasa also almost
lost his life at an early age. At the age of
five, Ramanujan contracted smallpox.
However, he was able to recover from the
disease, considering his family had no
money to spend on medical expenses.
This was uncommon since many of the
children were also contracting smallpox
and dying from it. This early disease may
have weakened his body to fight disease, which may have been the reason why he died so early. It
is interesting to note that Srinivasa means a person who contains a particle of the god Rama, and
his last name, Ramanujan, roughly means one who abides in wealth in English. Although
Ramanujan’s family was poor, they were respectable because of his grandmother, who was a minor
official in a local court. This level of respect in the family is what allowed Ramanujan to attend
school. What’s more, Ramanujan’s family used their house to room international students, which
is how Ramanujan was introduced to higher-level mathematics at a young age when he received a
mathematics book from one of the rooming students.

While at school, Ramanujan was considered a well-rounded student, able to excel in all subjects.
This held until his passion for mathematics took over. He would devote all his time to this subject,
and as a result, he would fail his examinations at the end of the school year. As a result, he lost his
scholarship to attend school and needed to find a job. Fortunately, he was able to work for one of
his previous professors as a postal clerk. Working with his old professor allowed Ramanujan to
put more focus on mathematics and the book that was given to him by one of the rooming students,
titled,” A Synopsis of Elementary Results in Pure and Applied Mathematics” by G.S. Carr. The
book held five thousand high-level mathematical theorems, most of which had no proofs. It was
given to him at the age of sixteen, and even with all the time Ramanujan put into his mathematical
work, he was still able to find a wife, due to the efforts of his mother in 1909. Her name was Janaki,
and at the time of marriage, she was only ten, while Ramanujan was twenty-two years old!
However, he was content with his wife and was upset at times with his mother when she would
interfere with their relationship. During Srinivasa’s time with his wife, he contracted hydrocele
testis, which is the swelling of the membrane of the testicle. Again, Ramanujan did not have the
money to pay for the surgery. Fortunately, from the charity of a surgeon, he was able to get the
operation done for free.
Due to the encouragement of friends and colleagues, he began sending his work to British
mathematicians in 1913. His work and efforts eventually landed him as an apprentice to G.H.
Hardy, one of if not the leading mathematician in Europe. However, working with Hardy meant
going to England. Ramanujan was a devout Hindu and was not initially up for the idea of going to
a foreign land; so, on the first request, he refused. His mother, Komalatammal, also did not
approve. She did finally agree to allow Ramanujan to go to England after she prayed to Namagiri
and had a dream claiming to have seen Ramanujan with a halo above his head in conversion with
other men. Ramanujan did great work with G.H. Hardy and was eventually given a Bachelor of
Science degree for his research at Cambridge. This Bachelor’s would be later changed to a PhD.
During Ramanujan’s time in England, it was a challenge for him to conform to British culture. The
weather had a noticeable effect on Ramanujan, who was used to the tropical heat of his Erode,
India. Because of his religion, Srivnivasa also did not eat much of the food in Britain (people who
practice Hinduism do not eat meat that involved the killing of animals). He would have his friends
and family send food to him, which became cumbersome during the wintertime.
The work Ramanujan did with Hardy abruptly came to an end when he contracted Tuberculosis.
His health was already beginning to fail when he was going back and forth from England to India
in the last two years of his life. He even dealt with depression, and once tried to kill himself by
jumping in front of a train. However short Ramanujan’s life may have been, it certainly was not
unfulfilled, as he was able to conceive thousands of theorems and formulas over his thirty-two
years of life. Srinivasa Ramanujan died on April 26, 1920, of tuberculosis. Conversely, it was later
concluded that Ramanujan was also dealing with liv. It is interesting to note that years after the
death of Ramanujan, many scholars believed that he may have had a form of autism, called
Asperger’s Syndrome. It is said that people with Asperger’s can function in human society but are
lacking in a level of common sense. In addition to that, Ramanujan began speaking later than
normal and would talk to people instead of to them. Ramanujan’s single-mindedness on just
mathematics is another example that he may have lived with Asperger’s Syndrome.
Ramanujan’s mathematical:
works as for the work Ramanujan did during the time he was collaborating with Hardy on his own,
it was equally if more ingenious. It was said by both Hardy and other mathematicians that
Ramanujan’s formulas and theorems held more than what was seen at first sight. He was interested
in infinite series, such as pi, for example:
This formula can accurately calculate pi up to an astounding nine decimal places. What is more,
Ramanujan was able to create seventeen more formulas for pi:
His ideas and the way he created his formulas and theorems were unfathomable. Ramanujan did
not even know some of the high-level mathematics he would be working with when dealing with
doing his work, but his genius allowed him to overcome that and make amazing contributions to
mathematics. You cannot forget, however, that when talking about Srinivasa Ramanujan and his
mathematical work, you have to discuss his notebooks and his conjecture. During the time he was
working on writing theorems for the problems from the mathematical book written by S.G Carr,
he would write them down in his notebooks. Other times, he would write and prove his theorems
on a slate, since he could not afford paper at the time. However, because he did not publicly display
his proofs for his results, people believe that he was poor at doing so, or just saw the result from
the beginning. The mathematical subsets that Srinivasa Ramanujan liked to work in were limits in

infinite series and definite integrals. Something also important to note is the Ramanujan-
conjecture, or Ramanujan-Petersson conjecture. It is shown as follows:
Mathematics, the Ramanujan conjecture, due to Srinivasa Ramanujan(1916,p.176), states that
Ramanujan’s tau function given by the Fourier coefficient (n)of the cusp form’(z)of weight 12
This conjecture deals with L-functions, Ramanujan’s tau functions, modular forms, and several
different others that would be too complex to explain in a few sentences, much less ten pages.
Another, equally important work done by Ramanujan was about the mock modular forms.
Literally, on his deathbed, Ramanujan sent a letter to his mentor and collaborator, G.H Hardy
describing these functions. He said that he had gotten these functions in a dream from the Hindu
goddess Namagiri. They were theta functions that imitated modular forms. These” mock modular
forms” were similar in pattern to both sine and cosine functions, but much more complex. If the
mathematical function Mobius transformation were applied to them, they would turn in on
themselves because they are extremely symmetric.

These functions could also, as it turns out, be applied to string theory. These are just some examples
of the functions Ramanujan discovered. It turns out that years later the functions were able to be
applied to physics topics such as entropy and black holes after they were proven to be true. These
functions were decades ahead of his time, which provides more evidence for the justification that
Srinivasa was a mathematical genius.
Both during and after the time of his death, Srinivasa Ramanujan had several different conjectures,
graphs, formulas, etc., that were contributed to him. His work touched on several different fields
within mathematics that have shaped mathematics of the 21 century.
 Collaboration with other Scholars
Before Ramanujan became an internationally renowned mathematician, he was a schoolboy
learning high-level mathematics. Once he was given the book titled,” A Synopsis of Elementary
Results in Pure and Applied Mathematics” by G.S. Carr, his mathematical passion grew
exponentially. He was solving these theorems in a book that was supposed to be used by students
looking to study for the exams to get into mathematics at Cambridge University. What is even
more astounding is that Ramanujan was both understanding and solving these equations at such a
young age. After some encouragement from his friends, he sent G.H. Hardy several theorems and
his work on those theorems. Once Hardy validated his work, the two began working together and
created
astounding
theorems
together. One
famous work
Ramanujan did
while working
with Hardy is the
taxi number. The
creation of this
occurred when
Hardy was
visiting
Ramanujan in
the hospital for
some sort of
illness. He made
mention of the
number of the
taxi that he was
in, stating that it
was such an
uninteresting
number.
Ramanujan, in
turn, replied that
the taxi number 1729, was the smallest number that can be shown as the sum of two cubes in two
different ways:
1,729 is the smallest number which can be represented in two different ways as the sum of
two cubes:
1729 = 13 + 123
= 93 + 103
 It is also incidentally the product of 3 prime numbers:
1729 = 7 ∗ 13 ∗ 19
A larger known similar number is:
885623890831 = 75113 + 77303
= 87593 + 59783
= 3943 · 14737 · 15241
This is now considered the Ramanujan-Hardy number. As of today, there is a whole new study of
work involving finding more ’taxicab’ numbers. There are only six” taxicab” numbers that are
known, with the largest one having twenty-three numbers in it. Finding these other taxicab
numbers was not done simply by hand, however. It took the work of a supercomputer to discover
such other types of numbers, which occurred in the late 20th, and early 21st century. The number
has made an appearance in several different places, such as in the movie Proof and an episode of
Futurama.
To understand the collaboration between two people, one must know both sides- like the head and
tails of a coin. Godfrey Harold
Harvey was a mathematical
genius in his own right. He was
considered a mathematical
prodigy at a young age.
Mathematics was Hardy’s world,
as he would attend Cambridge
University, and stay and continue
to work for the rest of his
mathematics career. He was
known for his number theory and
mathematical analysis and
claimed to have proved the
Reinman Hypothesis just before
the First World War It is also
important to note that Hardy was
very public against his disdain for
war and was at the time strictly
reprimanded for his views. When Hardy first came in contact with Ramanujan’s work to some of
the theorems in the book. It took him two hours to decipher whether or not the work was done by
a crank or an absolute genius. The latter was chosen, of course. One of the most known quotes that
Hardy stated regarding Ramanujan and his initial look at his work was that it” must be true,
because, if they were not true, no one would have the imagination to invent them”. With Hardy’s
stamp of approval, he requested that Srinivasa come to England to work with him. Once he finally
arrived the two immediately went to work, and for over three years, Ramanujan and Hardy
collaborated on over half a dozen research papers. They implemented new methods, like the circle
method, to find a certain set of numbers in what is called the partition function. The work these
two mathematicians did on the subject is considered the most notable of their work together. Not
only did Hardy and Ramanujan make contributions to the math world, but they also created a
whole new field of mathematics, called probabilistic number theory. This new field in mathematics
came about some time after the two publishes a paper now titled the normal order method. The
method” analyses the behaviour of additive arithmetical functions”. An example of this method is
shown as follows:
The Ramanujan-Hardy paper introduced probabilistic number theory, but it took off and was
expanded by P. Eros, M. Kac and J. Kubilius.
Let ƒ be a function of the natural numbers. We say that g is a normal order of f if for every &> 0,
the inequalities
(1-∈)g(n) ≤ f(n) ≤ (1+∈)g(n)

hold for almost all n: that is if the proportion of n≤ x for which this does not hold tends to 0 as x
tends to infinity.

Historical events that marked Ramanujan’s life

The connection between mathematics and its development is quite clear to be seen. For example,
during the First World War, we can see the style of warfare changed drastically. It ceased to be
men on horseback, cannons, and low-accuracy shotguns. The development of mathematics meant
more advanced weaponry. Cannons turned into tanks, and shotguns turned into machine guns.
There was even the use of grenades and airborne dogfights. Moreover, the mathematics in aircraft
was prevalent with the first controllable aircraft in 1902. The Wright brothers crafted his
homemade aeroplane with extensive precision and data collected from their wind tunnel. However,
one cannot forget about the world-famous Albert Einstein and his theory of relativity. In Einstein’s
discussion of relativity, he proposes the mass-energy equivalence, E = mc2. This single most
known equation is considered to be the most famous equation ever conceived. During the time that
Ramanujan was alive, there was a myriad of events that occurred around his geological area. One
of such events was the creation of the Indian Mathematical Society. Starting in 1909, this Society
(originally called the Indian Mathematical Club) was created because all the Indian
mathematicians went over to Britain and their Universities to learn and be trained in the field. IMS
wanted to keep Indian mathematicians in India. The founder of the group was V. Ramaswamy
Iyer, an aficionado of the field. At one point in time, Ramanujan was a part of the Indian
Mathematical Society. His involvement with the Society at the time of Ramanujan’s mathematical
fame also brought recognition to IMS as well.
In addition to the creation of the Indian Mathematical Society, the British East India Company was
making its presence known in the area. Eventually, the Company began amassing its private
armies, enforcing its rules over the area it controlled. The Indian textiles could not compete with
the British East India Company and their mass production of cheap goods. It’s also important to
note that India was still an agricultural society even late into the 19th century. The fact that the
legislation put in place to give all the power to the British did not sit well with the citizens of India.
In consequence, some people held a protest against this legislation at Jallianwalla Bagh Square in
1919. The general at the time, general Reginald Dyer, did not approve of this. He told his men to
open fire on the protesters. Hundreds were killed and hundreds were wounded. This event was
called the Amristar massacre. Because of all of the segregation between the Indians and the British
in India, there needed to be change.
Fortunately, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was the person that led the movement to get the
British out of the country. Gandhi sought a non-violent protest against the British textile goods
and schools in the area. Although his message was non-violent, the British still imprisoned him
for two years. He sought that his followers boycott the purchase of British goods and the attendance
of British schooling. He even led a salt march on the British salt tax in March of 1930, where
thousands of people joined him in their march to the sea, where they collected their own, untaxed
salt. Another geological event that occurred during the lifetime of Srinivasa Ramanujan was the
beginning of the Muslim League in 1906. The Muslim League was a part of the partition of India
from the great British Empire. Both the Indian Muslim League and Gandhi worked together for
this common goal, even though they disagreed on how it should be done. As a result of this
cooperation between Gandhi and the Indian Muslim League, India was able to declare its
independence from Great Britain on August 15th, 1947.
Significant historical events around the world during Ramanujan’s life
These are not the only events going on during Srinivasa Ramanujan’s lifetime. One such event
was World War I. This War started just before Ramanujan made his first visit to England. The War
started due to a collection of animosity between the neighbouring European countries. This”
power-keg” was finally set off when the archduke of Austria-Hungary was assassinated. It lasted
four years, from July 28, 1914, to November 11, 1918. War was not the only war between
European countries- both Japan and the United States became involved in the War. Empires ceased
to exist, and new borderlines for countries were created. The War weakened the forces of Great
Britain. However, Great Britain was still able to hold on to its control of India through the British
East India Company and private armies; until of course, the Indian people drove them out of their
country.
Another worldwide event that occurred during the life of Ramanujan was the sinking of the Titanic
in 1912. The boat was built in Belfast, United Kingdom. This ship was considered both the largest
and most unsinkable ship on the sea. It was given its name Titanic because the word means having
enormous strength and size. The Titanic also had two sister ships called the Olympic and the
Britannic, which were under the British shipping company White Star Line. The ship gained
international fame for its being the” unsinkable ship”. The ship took sail in April of 1912, with the
wealthiest of bankers to the poorest of immigrants. Imagine the level of excitement one must have
felt on board a ship that was deemed unsinkable. The journey started in Southhampton and was to
end in New York. But, as one already knows the story, the Titanic never made it to New York.
The unsinkable ship ran into and hit an iceberg. Needless to say, it sank. There were 2208
passengers on the boat- only 705 passengers made it out alive. It is remarkable to note that where
you were on the Titanic was based on your wealth. The richest were on top, and the poorest were
on the bottom. When the boat began to sink, the ones at the bottom of the Titanic were the last
considered for rescue in a lifeboat, if any made out the bottom deck at all. As of today, there are
no more living survivors of this tragic event. The last living survivor died in 2009 at the age of 97.
Her name was Millvina Dean from England, and she was only nine weeks old as a passenger on
the Titanic, making her the youngest person on board. This historical event was eventually made
into a movie.
One must recognize that Srinivasa Ramanujan lived in the late 19th, and early 20th centuries.
While these may have been good times for some, it was not good for others. The situation I am
talking about is African Americans in America. During this time, African Americans were being
lynched and segregated against Jim Crow laws, even after the abolition of slavery. The time came
to take steps to improve the current situation of the African Americans that lived during those
periods. W.E.B DuBois, a civil rights activist, author, and other things. He, along with Ida B.
Wells, Mary Church Terrell, and many more, signed the call to birth the NAACP (National
Association for the Advancement of Colored People). It began in 1909, and became America”s
largest and oldest civil rights organization. First and foremost, the NAACP’s main objective is,”
ensure the political, educational, social and economic equality of minority group citizens of United
States and eliminate race prejudice”. This was done with the collaboration of both white and black
Americans. During that time and even now, some whites did want equality and disapproved of
segregation and lynching and the like. So the NAACP had to utilize all of its resources to make
progressive steps toward equality. This was doubly impertinent when the civil rights era came into
effect in the 1950s.
The NAACP also directly worked with Dr Martin Luther King Jr., who became the face of the
Civil Rights movement with his nonviolent protests (as a side note, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s
idea to implement nonviolent protests came from Gandhi, the activist for Indian rights from the
British). At every pivotal point in the Civil Rights movement, the NAACP was there each instance,
doing whatever it took to reach proper equality. They were in the South, getting African-
Americans to vote in the most segregated area of the country-they were there when those nine
black children were attempting to attend previously segregated, all-white school 8 in Little Rock,
Arkansas. However, being a part of the NAACP was very dangerous. The majority of white
America did African Americans to be equal to them and have the same opportunities that they did.
They were considered an inferior race, one that could never accomplish anything on the same level
they could do. Although most of the achievements and progress of the NAACP came after the
death of Srinivasa Ramanujan, it was important to note this historical event going on in the world.

Significant mathematical progress during the Ramanujan’s lifetime

At the time of Srinivasa Ramanujan’s life, there was more progressive progress in mathematics
from the late 19th to the early 20th centuries. In addition, there were brand new fields of
mathematics being introduced, such as topology, and set theory, for example. With the way that
mathematics was progressing, it became more of a profession than a hobby or something is done
on the side. People were starting to receive PhDs and teach at colleges and universities. It was also
during the lifetime of Srinivasa Ramanujan that the twenty-three greatest unsolved mathematical
problems of the time were introduced. The man who brought these problems to life was the young
German mathematician David Hilbert. Some of these problems were straightforward, while others
dealt with giving extremely complex proofs. As of today, only ten of them have been solved, and
the other thirteen are either unsolved or too loosely proven. Some other people that made progress
in the early 20th century were Bertrand Russell and Alfred North Whitehead. Both were British
mathematicians, who made major contributions to the mathematical fields of logic and set theory.
Whitehead was an all-around mathematician, who worked at Cambridge and also became Russell’s
tutor. He collaborated with Russell on the mathematical work titled,” Principia Mathematica”; but
because of his pacifist activities during the first World War, and living in the shadow of his ex-
student, Whitehead went to prison, and went to live the out the rest of his days in the United States
in 1920. Russell was born into wealth, however, his parents died at a young age, and it was said
that his love of mathematics kept him from committing suicide due to his depression. Russell did
not only make contributions to mathematics- but he also wrote on almost every major area of
philosophy as well. The mathematics that Russell was interested in were set theory and logicism.
He also introduced a paradox based on the works of Frege and his initial set theory.” Russell’s
paradox “as is the name, can be described as a set containing sets that are not members of
themselves:
Even in the importance of this paradox, there was an even greater work that Russell and Whitehead
collaborated on, the famous” Principia Mathematica”. It was published in three volumes in the
years 1910, 1912, and 1913. Although this was considered a collaboration, Whitehead only wrote
a part of the first volume, whereas the other volumes were written exclusively by Russell. The
three volumes of work were an attempt 9 to use logical axioms to derive all of mathematics. They
avoided paradoxes and used a theory of ’sets’ to prevent loops. This proved to be troublesome, as
it turned out that there needed to be three more axioms, such as the axiom of infinity and the axiom
of choice. Continual drafts of the Principia had to be written and re-written because of Russell’s
re-thinking of the structure of the Principia. The perfect draft was never found, and because no
commercial publisher would touch the volumes, they had to publish it on their own. One of the
works within the Principia Mathematica was proving the function 1 + 1 = 2. It took over 360 pages
to definitively prove this:

The work that Bertrand Russell and Alfred North Whitehead did with these volumes gained them
international fame. Because of Russell’s flamboyant personality, he overshadowed the reserved
Whitehead, who eventually emigrated to the United States in the 1920s.
Connections between history and the development of mathematics
The connection between mathematics and its development is quite clear to be seen. For example,
during the First World War, one can see that the style of warfare changed drastically. It ceased to
be men on horseback, cannons, and low-accuracy shotguns. The development of mathematics
meant more advanced weaponry. Cannons turned into tanks, and shotguns turned into automatic
machine guns. There was even the use of grenades and airborne dogfights. In addition, there was
also the use of submarines and water warfare. Mathematics was even used to secure
communications between allied forces. Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party crafted what was called the
Enigma machine, which was considered to be an unbreakable code to communicate to other Nazi-
controlled areas. The machine was invented by German engineer Arthur Scherbius. Nations such
as the Polish and the French made the initial breakthroughs in understanding the code and
messages, however, the Nazi/German army had taken over their armies, forcing them to flee to
other lands. The person that did the most significant work in breaking the code was British
cryptologist Alan Turing. It is interesting to note that this situation of breaking the Enigma machine
was made into a movie that was watched in class. It was also during this war that chemical warfare
was being used more frequently, with different variations such as poison gas, mustard gas, etc.
As the war neared its end, it was the Americans who officially ended the war, with the dropping
of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The group that oversaw the bomb being made
was called the Manhattan Project. The bomb was created based on nuclear fission and reactions.
Even Einstein’s famous equation E = mc2 was referenced in the notes of the creation of the bomb.
They were two bombs that were dropped, one was called” Little Boy” and the other” Fat Man”.
Both bombs were dropped three days apart from each other, one on August 6th and the other on
the 9th.
Moreover, the mathematics in aircraft was evident with the first motor-powered aircraft, which
flew in 1903. The Wright brothers crafted his homemade aeroplane with extensive precision and
data collected from their wind tunnel. The first flight covered 120 feet in 12 seconds. Orville and
Wilbur Wright were the names of the brothers that created such a groundbreaking craft. It was not
their initial goal to create a flying aircraft, as they originally worked there with motors, printing
presses, and especially bicycles. However, the brothers became interested in creating a flying craft
after reading about the flights of German glider Otto Lilienthal. Orville and Wilbur Wright started
with mastering gliding before considering any motor-powered flight. As they progressed with their
designs, Wilbur observed that birds changed direction left or right, with the changing of the angle
of the end wings. They also believed that the pilot of these flying machines should have complete
control over the direction and steering of the flying craft. As I stated before, the Wright brothers
experimented with different designs for their flying machine, from various sizes in wingspan to a
process called wing warping, which was used to provide more lift for the craft. Of course, when
the brothers were attempting to achieve this flight, they used a myriad of data and equations, such
as the lift equation, which can be seen as:
L = kSV2 Cl
Where: L is lifted in pounds k is the coefficient of air pressure S is total areas of lifting in square feet
(headwind plus ground speed) V is the velocity in miles per hour CL is the coefficient of lift (varies with
wing shape) After many attempts, failures and obstacles, the Wilbur and Orville Wright finally made the
first motor-powered flight on December 14, 1903. This innovation led to commercial air flights, and
private jets, which ultimately led to rockets and spacecraft. However, one cannot forget about the
world-famous Albert Einstein and his theory of relativity. In Einstein’s discussion of relativity, he
proposes the mass-energy equivalence which is E = mc2. In words, the equation means energy equals
mass times the speed of light squared, with E being equalled energy, m being mass and c being the
speed of light (the speed of light is a constant of 3 ∗ 108m/s). It was introduced on September 27th,
1905, in his series of four papers titled” Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?”.
The equation brought the seemingly unrelated topics of time, mass, and energy together. The equation
itself was founded on electromagnetic radiation and mechanics. Einstein’s equation allows people to
understand the massive amount of energy in something as small as an atom, or as large as a human
being. With this equation, you can find out how much energy would be produced from a certain mass.
Take the mass of says an 86-kilogram person. If you apply this to E = mc2, the result will come to 7.8
septillion joules of energy, which is equivalent to 1.86 million Kilotons of TNT. An interesting note is that
the atom bomb had only 21 kilotons of TNT. So, as adults people’s bodies have thousands of times more
energy than the atom bomb. Understanding this, and the theory behind this equation took some time.
However, it was understood, that it was the mother that gave birth to the atom bomb, which was used
by the Americans in World War II that killed hundreds of thousands of Japanese citizens in Nagasaki and
Hiroshima. The equation for this is considered the most famous equation ever conceived. Einstein also
did research dealing with string theory and black holes, something that Ramanujan indirectly worked on
as well.

References
http://www.naacp.org/pages/naacp-history http://www.eszlinger.com/titanic/titanfacts.html
www.eyewitnesstohistory.chttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-India Muslim League
www.localhistories.org/india.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRamanujan
www.nndb.com/people/578/000240855/ http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/ramanujan.htm
www.thehindufeatures/tp-editorialfeatures/the-legacy-of-srinivasa-ramanujan/ article2748125.ece
http://www.icm2010.in/mathematicalworld-mathematics link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-81-
322-0770-2 11/fulltext.html http://mathworld.wolfram.comMockThetaFunction.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert EinsteinTheory of relativity and E .3D mc.C2.B2
http://www.storyofmathematics.com/20th.html https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ypruNbYLI9c
(Ramanujan and ancient aliens link) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclearweapon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrightbrothers
https://www.nsa.gov/about/cryptologicheritage/centercrypthistory/publications/howmathhelpedwin.s
html 1. http://www.math.uic.edu/\someone/notes.pdf 2. Bak, Newman: Complex Analysis. Springer 1989