CH138P WS 1.2 Lorian, LBD
CH138P WS 1.2 Lorian, LBD
CH138P WS 1.2 Lorian, LBD
2
BINARY DISTILLATION
CH138P
Name:
SEPARATION PROCESSES
Lora Bell D. Lorian Page 1 of 3
Present clean and clear solutions to the following problems. Highlight your final answer by enclosing it within a box.
4. We wish to separate a mixture of acetone and ethanol using a distillation column with a total condenser. The desired
acetone concentration in the distillate and the bottoms are 0.8 and 0.1, respectively. L/D is equal to 2. 80% of the
saturated liquid feed flow to the column exits the column as distillate. Use the Lewis-Sorel Method to determine the
composition of the liquid leaving the 4th stage. The feed is introduced on the 3rd stage.
𝐿
Given: 𝑥𝐷 = 0.8 𝑥𝐵 = 0.1 =2
𝐷
Required: composition of the liquid leaving the 4th stage, x
Solution: Basis: 100 kmol Feed XD=0.8
L/D=2
L
L = D ( ) = 80(2) = 160 kmol
D
L = L + F = 160 kmol + 100 = 260 kmol
Stage 1:
𝑥𝐷 = 𝑦1 = 0.80
L1 is in equilibrium
with V1.
from the graph, x1 = 0.70
𝐿 𝐿 160 160
𝑦2 = 𝑥1 + (1 − ) 𝑥𝐷 = (0.70) + (1 − ) (0.80) 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟑
𝑉 𝑉 240 240
Stage 2:
Stage 3:
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𝐿 𝐿 260 260
𝑦4 = 𝑥3 − ( − 1) 𝑥𝐵 = (0.462) − ( − 1) (0.10)
𝑉 𝑉 240 240
𝒚𝟒 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟗
Stage 4:
from the graph, x4 = 0.27
For the next 4 problems. The vapor-liquid equilibrium data for heptane – ethylbenzene at 1 atm pressure is given below:
An equimolar mixture of heptane and ethylbenzene is to be distilled at 1 atm pressure. The desired concentration of
heptane in the distillate is 90 %mol and that of ethylbenzene in the bottoms is 94%mol.
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Feed temperature 30C
Condenser temperature 95C
Reboiler temperature 99C
b. a saturated vapor
0 0.9
q = 0, slope = ( ) 𝑥 = 0𝑥 from the graph, 0.35 = → 𝐑𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟕
0−1 R𝑚𝑖𝑛 +1
𝑥𝐷
using y interccept =
R+1
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b. the Fenske equation
𝛼𝑎𝑣𝑒 = (𝛼𝐿 𝛼𝑉 )0.5
𝑦𝐴 1 − 𝑥𝐴 0.96 1 − 0.90
𝛼𝑉 = ( )= ( ) = 2.6667
𝑥𝐴 1 − 𝑦𝐴 0.90 1 − 0.96
0.16 1 − 0.06
𝛼𝐿 = ( ) = 2.9841
0.06 1 − 0.16
𝛼𝑎𝑣𝑒 = [(2.9841)(2.6667)]0.5 = 2.821
𝑥 1 − 𝑥𝐵
log [( 𝐷 ) ( )] log [( 0.9 ) (1 − 0.06)]
1 − 𝑥𝐷 𝑥𝐵 1 − 0.9 0.06
𝑁𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 4.77 ≈ 5
log (𝛼𝑎𝑣𝑒 ) log(2.821)
Nmin is approximately to be 5 stages, while the minimum number of theoretical plates are 4 plates.
7. For a saturated vapor feed and a reflux ratio that is twice the minimum, determine:
a. the number of theoretical stages using the McCabe-Thiele graphical method
b.
R = 2R min = 2(1.57) = 3.14
R 1
y=( )𝑥 + ( )𝑥
R+1 R+1 𝐷
1
y intercept = ( ) (0.9) = 0.22
3.14 + 1
number of theoretical stages are 7 stages.
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠
𝜂= = 0.60
𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠
6 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠
actual plates = = 10 plates
0.60
actual stages = 10 plates + 1 = 11 stages
∴ 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐬 = 𝟏𝟏 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐬
L
Mass Balance at Condenser: 𝐕 = L + D = D ( ) + D = DR + D = D(R + 1) = 52.38(3.14 + 1) = 𝟐𝟏𝟔. 𝟖𝟓 𝐤𝐦𝐨𝐥
D
L
𝐋 = D ( ) = 52.38(3.14) = 𝟏𝟔𝟒. 𝟒𝟕𝟑𝟐 𝐤𝐦𝐨𝐥
D
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Enthalpies: assume T0 = 0°C, CPV ≈ CPL
𝐤𝐉
𝐡𝐅 = zH CPL,H (T − T0 ) + zE CPL,E (T − T0 ) = (0.5)(220)(30 − 0) + (0.5)(183)(30 − 0) = 𝟔𝟎𝟒𝟓
𝐤𝐦𝐨𝐥
𝐤𝐉
𝐡𝐁 = xB,H CPL,H (T − T0 ) + xB,E CPL,E (T − T0 ) = (0.06)(220)(99 − 0) + (0.94)(183)(99 − 0) = 𝟏𝟖𝟑𝟑𝟔. 𝟖
𝐤𝐦𝐨𝐥
𝐤𝐉
𝐡𝐃 = xD,H CPL,H (T − T0 ) + xD,E CPL,E (T − T0 ) = (0.90)(220)(95 − 0) + (0.10)(183)(95 − 0) = 𝟐𝟎𝟓𝟒𝟖. 𝟓
𝐤𝐦𝐨𝐥
HV = yH [𝜆H + CPV,H (T − T0 )] + yE [𝜆E + CPV,E (T − T0 )]
𝐤𝐉
𝐇𝐕 = (0.90)[35000 + 220(95 − 0)] + (0.10)[40000 + 183(95 − 0)] = 𝟓𝟔𝟎𝟒𝟖. 𝟓
𝐤𝐦𝐨𝐥
9043202.894 kJ 𝐤𝐉
QR = = 𝟗𝟎𝟒𝟑𝟐. 𝟎𝟑
100 kmol F 𝐤𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐅
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