Chapter 5: Gases

BASIC QUESTIONS
Basic Question 1

5.2 Application on Boyle’s law: Find P2 given P1, V1 and V2 for a fixed quantity of gas TG
at constant T
Some oxygen gas at room temperature and 1.0 atm pressure was compressed from
400cm3 to 50cm3. Assuming that the temperature remains constant, calculate the new
pressure of the gas.
Given: P1= 1.0 atm, V1=400 cm3, V2=50 cm3
RTF: P2
P1V1 = P2V2 at constant n and T
(1.0)(400) = P2 (50)
P2 = 8.0 atm

Basic Question 2

5.2 Application on Charles’ law: Find V2 given V1, T1 and T2 for a fixed quantity of gas TG
at constant P
A sample of oxygen gas at 25°C and 1.0 atm pressure had a volume of 400cm3. The gas
was cooled to – 25◦C. Assuming that the pressure remains constant, calculate the new
volume of the gas.
Given: V1= 400cm3, T1= (25 + 273) = 298K, T2= (-25 + 273) = 248K
RTF: V2
at constant n and P
V2 = 333 cm3

Basic Question 3

5.2 Application on Avogadro’s law: Find V2 given V1, n1 and n2 for gases at constant P TG
and T
0.50 mol of O2 gas at a particular temperature and pressure had a volume of 400 cm3.
What volume will be occupied by 1.0mol of H2 gas at the same conditions?
Given: n1 = 0.50 mole, V1 = 400cm3, n2 = 1.0 mole
RTF: V2
Equal volumes of gases, under the same conditions of temperature and pressure,
contain the same number of particles. At the same temperature and pressure, 0.50
mole of H2 occupies 400cm3.
at constant P and T
V2 = 800 cm3 = 8.0 x 103 cm3
. .
BQ 4 – 11 Different applications on the equation of state TG
Basic Question 4
Find V given n, P and t
◦
Calculate the volume that will be occupied by 0.50mol of oxygen gas at 27 C and
1.0atm assuming ideal behavior.
Given: n = 0.50 mol, T = 27 + 273 = 300K, P = 1.0atm
RTF: V
. .
PV = nRT V= = 12.0 L
.

Basic Question 5
Find m given V(cm3), P and t
◦
Calculate the mass of hydrogen gas that will occupy a volume of 2500cm3 at 27 C and
1.0atm.
Given: V = 2500cm3, T = 27 + 273 = 300K, P = 1.0atm
RTF: m
. .
PV = nRT PV = RT m= = 0.21 g
.

Basic Question 6
Find M given m, V(cm3), P and t
A sample containing 3.2g of an ideal gas will exert a pressure of 12.8 atm when
◦
placed in a 500cm3 vessel at 127 C. Calculate the molar mass of the gas.
Given: m = 3.2g, V = 500cm3, T = 127 + 273 = 400K, P = 12.8atm
RTF: M
. .
PV = nRT PV = RT M = = 16g/mole
. .

Basic Question 7
Find density of a named gas given P and t
Calculate the density of CH4 at 100◦C and 5.0 atm.
Given: t = 100C, P = 5.0 atm
RTF : d
PV = nRT PV = RT PM = RT = dRT
d= . = 2.7 g/dm3
.
Basic Question 8
Find # of molecules given V(cm3), P and t
◦
How many molecules of CH4 are present in a cylinder of volume 200 cm3 at 27 C and
380 mm Hg?
Given: V = 200cm3, T = 27 + 273 = 300K, P = 380 mm Hg = 0.500atm
RTF: # of molecules
. .
PV = nRT n= = 4.2 × 10-3 mole
.
# of molecules = (Avogadro’s number)(n) = (6.02 × 1023)(4.2 × 10-3) = 2.5 × 1021

Basic Question 9
Find extra m needed given m1, P1 and P2 all other variables constant
A sample containing 6.0g of a gas exerts a pressure of 0.20atm. What extra mass should
be added in order to increase the pressure to 0.80 atm, keeping other variables constant?
Given: m = 6.0g, P1 = 0.20 atm, P2 = 0.80 atm
RTF: m added
PV = nRT  PV = RT M, V, R and T are constant
= constant 
.

. .
m2 = 24 g added mass = 24 – 6.0 = 18 g

Basic Question 10
Find P2 given P1, T1 and T2 for a fixed m of gas
◦
A fixed mass of gas at 0 C exerted a pressure of 0.20 atm. What will the pressure
◦
become if the gas is heated to 27 C at a fixed volume?
Given: P1 = 0.20 atm, T1 = 0 + 273 = 273K, T2 = (27 + 273) = 300K
RTF: P2
PV = nRT n, V and R are constant 
= constant 
.
P2 = 0.22 atm

Basic Question 11

Find V2 given P1, T1, V1, P2 and T2 for a fixed m of gas

◦
The temperature of a fixed mass of gas of volume 100 cm3 was dropped from 127 C to
◦
27 C. The pressure changed from 2.0 atm to 1.5 atm . What will the volume of the gas
become?
Given: P1 = 2.0 atm, P2 = 1.0 atm, T1 = 127 + 273 = 400K, T2 = (27 + 273) = 300K,
V1 = 100cm3
RTF: V2
PV = nRT n and R are constant 
= constant 
. .
V2 = 150 cm3
Basic Question 12
Find M from m and V of a gas at STP TG
A sample containing 2.0g of a gas occupy 900 mL at S.T.P. What is the molecular mass
of the gas?
Given: m = 2.0g, V = 900ml, STP
RTF: M
Molar mass occupies 22.4 L at STP
2.0 g occupy 0.900L
. .
Molar mass = = 49.8 g/mol
.
OR
. .
PV = nRT = RT M= = 49.8 g/mol
. .

Basic Question 13
Find V from m of a named gas at STP TG
What is the volume of 1.6g of O2 at S.T.P? Use R = 0.080
Given: m = 1.6g, M = 32 g/mol, STP
RTF: V
. .
PV = nRT = RT V= = 1.1 L
.

Basic Question 14
5.5 Calculate mole fractions and partial pressures given masses of gases and Ptotal TG

A sample containing 4.8g of CH4 and 6.0g of C2H6 are kept in one container. The
total pressure in the container was 1.2atm. Calculate the mole fraction and partial
pressure of each gas.
Given: = 4.8g, = 6.0g, Ptotal = 1.2atm
RTF: , , ,

. .
= = 0.30 mole , = = 0.20 mole

.
= = 0.60 = 0.40
.

= (0.60)(1.2) = 0.72 atm

= 1.2 – 0.72 = 0.48 atm or = 0.4 x 1.2 = 0.48 atm

Basic Question 15
5.5 Calculate mole fractions given partial pressures TG
A cylinder contains O2 and H2 at the respective partial pressure: 25 mm Hg, and 15 mm
Hg. What is the mole fraction of H2 in the mixture?
Given: = 25 mm Hg, = 15 mm Hg
RTF:

Ptotal = 25 + 15 = 40 mm Hg
 = Ptotal  = = 0.38

Basic Question 16
T
A rigid 8.20L flask contains a mixture of 2.50 mole of H2 and 0.500 mole of Cl2 and
sufficient Ar so that the partial pressure of Ar in the flask is 2.00 atm. The temperature is
◦
127 C.

5.5 Calculate Ptotal given n of gases and partial P of one gas TG

a) Calculate the total pressure in the flask.
Given: = 2.50 mole, = 0.500 mole, PAr = 2.00 atm, T = 127+273=400K
RTF: Ptotal

n H 2 RT
2.50 × 0.082 × 400
PH 2 = = = 10.0atm
V 8.20
nCl2 RT 0.500× 0.082 × 400
PCl2 = = = 2.00atm
V 8.20
PT = PH2 + PCl 2 + PAr = 10.0 + 2.00 + 2.00 = 14.00 atm
OR
(2.00)(8.20)
n Ar = = 0.500 mole
(0.082)(400)
ntotal = 0.500 + 0.500 + 2.50 = 3.50moles
(3.50)(0.082)(400)
Ptotal = = 14.0atm
8.20

5.5 Calculate X of gases after a reaction given n of gases initially TG

b) The mixture in the flask is ignited by a spark, and the reaction represented below
occurs until one of the reactants is entirely consumed.
H2(g) + Cl2(g)  2HCl(g)
Give the mole fraction of all species in the flask at the end of the reaction.
Given: = 2.50 mole, = 0.500 mole, = 0.500 mole
RTF: Mol fraction of existing gases after reaction

H2(g) + Cl2(g)  2HCl(g)

B.R. 2.50 mole 0.500 mole 0 mole
A.R. 2.00 mol ------- 1.00 mol
n total = n HCl after reaction + n H 2 after reaction + n Ar
n HCl 1.00
X HCl = = = 0.286
nT 3.50
XCl2 =0
2.00
XH2 = = 0.571
3.50
X Ar = 1 - 0.286 - 0.571 = 0.143
Basic Question 17
5.7 Compare the speeds of two gases placed at the same temperature -
Hydrogen and helium gases are placed in the same vessel which had a tiny pinhole. The
particles of which gas will, on the average, effuse faster? How many times as fast?
Given: H2 and He at same t
RTF: compare their speeds

Gases are at same T 

=
(4) = (2)
=√ = 1.41

Hydrogen effuses 1.41 times faster

Basic Question18
5.7 Given the ratio of speeds of two gases, one named and the other unknown, determine -
the molar mass of the unknown gas
The molecules of a certain gas X, of formula NxH2x, move four times as slow as the
molecules of hydrogen gas at the same conditions
a) Calculate the molar mass of X.
Given:
RTF: molar mass of NxH2x

Gases are at same T 

=
16 = = 32 g/mole
b) Use your answer to part (a) above to calculate the value of x.
M = 14x + 2x = 32
x=2

Basic Question19
5.7 Find Mw of gas, given times needed for V ml of each to effuse and Mw of 2nd gas -
A 5 ml sample of O2 requires 50s to effuse. At the same conditions, 5 ml of a gas X
required 80s to effuse. What is the molecular mass of gas X.
Given: = = 5 ml, = 50s, teffusion of X = 80s
RTF = MX

Gases are at same T  =

MX = 82 g/mol
√
Basic Question 20
5.7 Find speed of a named gas, given speed of another named gas at same T -
If the speed of an NH3 molecule is 500 m/s, what is the speed of an SO2 molecule at the
same temperature?
Given: / , same T
RTF:

Gases are at same T 

=
2
(17)(500) = (64)

= (500) = 258 m/s

Basic Question 21
T, G

A student was assigned the task of determining the molar mass of an unknown gas. The
student measured the mass of a sealed 1686 mL rigid flask that contained dry air. The
student then flushed the flask with the unknown gas, resealed it, and measured the mass
again. Both the air and the unknown gas were at 23.0°C and 750 torr. The data for the
experiment are shown in the table below.

Volume of sealed flask 1686 mL

Mass of sealed flask and dry air 158.70 g
Mass of sealed flask and unknown gas 159.45g

Ch 3 Given molar mass and empirical formula, determine molecular formula

(a) Calculate the mass, in grams, of the dry air that was in the sealed flask. (The
◦
density of dry air is 1.18 g L−1 at 23.0 C and 750. torr.)
Given : d = 1.18gL-1, volume= 1.686L
RTF: mass
m=dxV = (1.18 g L−1)(1.686 L) = 1.99 g

Ch 3 Find mass of empty flask from mass of flask full of air and mass of air
(b) Calculate the mass, in grams, of the sealed flask itself (i.e., if it had no air in it).
Given : mflask + air = 158.70g, mair = 1.99g
RTF: mflask
mflask = 158.70 g – 1.99 g = 156.71 g

Ch 3 Find mass of gas from mass of flask full of gas and mass of empty flask
(c) Calculate the mass, in grams, of the unknown gas that was added to the sealed
flask.
Given : mflask + gas = 159.45g, mflask = 156.71g
RTF: mgas
mgas = 159.45g − 156.71 g = 2.74 g

Ch 5 Find molar mass of a gas given P(torr), V(L), t and m(g)

(d) Using the information above, calculate the value of the molar mass of the
unknown gas.
Given: P= 750 torr, V=1.686L, T= 273 + 23 = 296K, mgas = 2.74 g
RTF: molar mass
PV = nRT PV = RT
. .
= 39.0 g/mol
.

After the experiment was completed, the instructor informed the student that the
unknown gas was carbon dioxide (44.0 g mol−1).

Ch 3 Calculate % error in a result

(e) Calculate the percent error in the value of the molar mass calculated in part (d).
Given: calculated molar mass = 39.0g/mol, real molar mass = 44 g/mol
RTF: % error
.
% error =

× 100
= -11.4%

Ch 3 Explain experimental errors

(f) For each of the following two possible occurrences, indicate whether it by itself
could have been responsible for the error in the student’s experimental result. You need
not include any calculations with your answer. For each of the possible occurrences, justify
your answer.
Occurrence 1: The flask was completely flushed with CO2(g) containing some sulfur
dioxide impurity.

This occurrence could not have been responsible.

The sulfur dioxide in the flask is more dense than CO2 gas at the given T and P.
This would result in a higher mass of gas in the flask and a higher result for the
molar mass of the unknown gas.
◦
Occurrence 2: The temperature of the air was 23.0 C, but the temperature of the CO2(g)
◦
was higher than the reported 23.0 C.

This occurrence could have been responsible.

, T was reported to be less than the actual T, this would result in a smaller
value for M as it is is in the numerator.

(g) Describe the steps of a laboratory method that the student could use to verify that the
volume of the rigid flask is 1686 mL at 23.0 ºC. You need not include any calculations
with your answer.

Find the mass of the empty flask. Fill the flask with a liquid of known density (e.g.,
water at 23 C, and measure the mass of the liquid-filled flask. Subtract to find the
mass of the liquid. Using the known density and mass, calculate the volume.
Basic Question 22
T, G
Five identical balloons contain each of the following gases: C2H6, SO2, O2, CO, Ne. Each
◦
filled to the same volume at 25 C and 1 atmosphere pressure.

5.2 Given a number of identical containers filled with named gases, predict the one with the
greatest mass
a) Which balloon contains the greatest mass of gas? Explain
SO2
Using Avogadro’s hypothesis equal volumes of gases kept under same
conditions contain equal number of moles. SO2 has the greatest molar mass therefore
greatest mass.

5.6 Given a number of identical containers filled with named gases, compare their average
KE
b) Compare the average kinetic energies of the gas molecules in the balloons. Explain
The same for all of them.
Kinetic energy is temperature dependent (same temperature, same K.E.)
K.E = 3 RT.
2

5.7 Given a number of identical containers filled with named gases, predict which deviates
most from ideal behaviour
c) Which gas is expected to deviate most from ideal behavior? Explain
SO2.
Deviation from ideal behavior increases with the increase in size and complexity of
molecules. Ideal gases are point masses which do not exert any forces of attraction
on each other. Therefore SO2 molecule is expected to exhibit most deviation from
ideal behavior since it is the largest and most complex.

5.7 Graham’s law of effusion

d) 6 hours after being filled, all balloons have decreased in the size. Predict which
balloon will be the smallest? Explain.
Ne.
Rate of effusion is inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass.
According to Graham’s Law of effusion: .
The lightest gas will escape the fastest, and neon is the smallest.
SAMPLE QUESTIONS
Section 5.1

1. Review properties of gases

List some of the common properties of gases.

Indefinite volume, indefinite shape.

A gas uniformly fills any container, is easily compressed, and mixes completely
with any other gas.

2. Know pressure-measuring devices used in the Lab.

Which pressure-measuring devices may be found in the Lab?

The barometer and the manometer.

3. Know the definition of pressure.

How is pressure defined? Pressure is defined as force per unit area.

4. Know what standard atmosphere is.

What is one standard atmosphere?
One standard atmosphere is a unit of pressure equal to 760 mmHg. It is the
pressure required to support a column of mercury 760 mm high.

5. Know how to change units of pressure from mm Hg to atm

How many atm is 10 mm Hg? = 1.3 × 10-2 atm

6. Know how to change units of pressure from atm to N/m2 (Pa)

How many N/m2 is 1.4 atm? 1.4 atm × 101325 N/m2 = 1.4 × 105 N/m2

Section 5.2

7. Know the statement of Boyle's Law.

State Boyle's Law.
The volume of a fixed sample of gas at constant temperature varies inversely with
the pressure.

8. Know the mathematical model of Boyle's Law.

What is the mathematical model of Boyle's Law?

PV = k at constant temperature
P = pressure (atm)
V = volume (dm3)
k = proportionality constant
9. Know the graphical representation of Boyle's Law.
a) What is the shape of P vs V graph for a fixed sample of gas at a constant
temperature? A hyperbola.
b) What is the shape of P vs 1/V graph for a fixed sample of gas at a constant
temperature?
A straight line with an intercept of zero.

10. Know when Boyle's Law is obeyed.

Under which conditions will a gas closely obey Boyle's Law?
A gas will closely obey Boyle's Law under low pressure and high temperature.

11. Know what an ideal gas is.

What is an ideal gas?
An ideal gas is a gas that strictly obeys Boyle's Law.

12. Numerical application on Boyle’s Law

A fixed mass of gas is allowed to expand from 200 mL to 500 mL at a constant
temperature. If the initial pressure was 1.0 atm, what will the final pressure become?
For a fixed amount of substance at constant temperature:
P1V1 = P2V2
(1.0)(200) = P2(500)
P2 = 0.4 atm

13. Know the statement of Charles' Law.

State Charles' Law.
The volume of a fixed sample of gas at constant pressure is directly proportional
to the absolute temperature.

14. Know the plot of volume versus temperature in Celsius degree.

What is the shape of the graph of volume versus temperature in °C?
A straight line which extrapolated to zero volume will reach a temperature of
- 273°C (doesn’t pass through the origin).

15. Know the plot of volume versus temperature in Kelvin

What is the shape of the graph of the volume versus temperature (K)?
A straight line passing through the origin

16. Know the mathematical model of Charles' Law.

What is the mathematical model of Charles' Law?
V = kT at constant pressure
V- volume (dm3)
T- absolute temperature (K)
k- proportionality constant

17. Know what absolute zero is.

a) How is the 0 K determined?
0 K was determined by extrapolation.
 b) At temperatures below absolute zero, what will happen to the extrapolated
volumes of gases?
At temperatures below this point, the extrapolated volumes would become
negative.

18. Applying Charles’ Law

A fixed mass of gas is kept at 20 ºC. At what temperature will the volume of gas
increase 3 times its original value, at constant pressure?
Fixed amount of gas at constant pressure
t1 = 20 ºC  T1 = 20 + 273 = 293 K; T2 =? ; V2 = 3V1

= T2 = = 3×293 = 879 K

19. Know the statement of Avogadro's Law.

State Avogadro's Law.
Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same
number of particles.

Section 5.3

20. Know the equation of state.

What is the equation of state?
PV=nRT
P- pressure (atm)
V- volume (dm3)
n – number of moles of gas
R- universal gas constant ( 0.08206 L atm/K mol)
T- absolute temperature (K)

21. Applying equation of state to find number of molecules

How many molecules of CH4 are present in a cylinder of volume 200 cm3 at 27 ºC
and 380 mmHg?
N of molecules = ?
V = 200 cm3 = 0.2 dm3
T = 27 ºC + 273 = 300 K
P = 380mmHg ÷ 760 = 0.5 atm
R = 0.082
PV=nRT
PV = RT

Nmolecules = = (0.5)(0.2)(6.02×1023) / (0.082)(300) = 2.4 ×1021 molecules
22. Using PV = nRT, find the new mass needed to change P1 to P2
A sample containing 6 g of gas exerts a pressure of 0.2 atm. What extra mass should
be added in order to increase the pressure to 0.8 atm, keeping other variables
constant?
For the same sample at constant volume and constant temperature
m1 = 6g ; P1 = 0.2atm ; m2 = ? ; P2 = 0.8atm

m2 = 24g

the extra mass to be added = 24g – 6g = 18g

RateH 2 32
23. Applying   16  4
RateO2 2
A fixed mass of gas at 0 ºC exerted a pressure of 0.2 atm. What will the pressure
become if the gas is heated to 27 ºC at a fixed volume?

P = 0.2atm
T = 0 + 273 =273K
P1=?
T1= 27 + 273 = 300 K
P P'
  
T T'
P T '
P1 = = 0.22 atm
T

PV P 'V '
24. Applying 
T T'
The temperature of a fixed mass of gas of volume 100 cm3 was dropped from 127 ºC
to 27 ºC. The pressure changed from 2 atm to 1.5 atm. What will the volume of the
gas become?

V= 100cm3
T = 127 + 273 = 400K
P = 2atm

V1 = ?
T1 = 27 + 273 = 300K
P1 = 1.5atm
PV P 'V '
  
T T'
2  100 1.5V '  

400 300
 
V1 = 100cm3
Section 5.4

25. Know the S.T.P. conditions.

The S.T.P. conditions refer to what temperature and pressure?
S.T.P. conditions refer to a temperature of 0 °C and a pressure of 1 atm.

26. To know the molar volume of an ideal gas at S.T.P.

What is the molar volume of an ideal gas at S.T.P?
The molar volume of an ideal gas at S.T.P is 22.4 dm3.

27. Using Avogadrome of ato find molecular mass of gas

A sample containing 2 g of a gas occupy 900 mL at STP. What is the molecular mass
of the gas?

At STP
1 mol 22.4 dm3
n mol 0.9 dm3

n mol = 0.04 mol

m
M=  = 50 gmol-1
n

28. Given the pressure and the temperature of a gas find its molar volume
What is the molar volume of an ideas gas at 27 ºC and 2 atm?

PV = nRT
Molar volume = ?
n = 1mol
T= 27 + 273 = 300K
P = 2atm

(2)(VM) = (1)(0.082)(300)
VM = 12.3 dm3

29. Given the mass of a gas, find its volume at STP

What is the volume of 1.6 g of O2 at STP?

At STP

1 mol of O2 32g 22.4 dm3

1.6g V dm3

1.6  22.4
V= = 1.12 dm3
32
 OR

Apply PV = nRT where P = 1atm; n = 1.6/32; R= 0.082; T=273.15 K

nRT
V= = 1.12dm3
P

30. Given the volume of gas at STP, find its mass

What mass of oxygen gas will occupy a volume of 560 cm3 at STP?

At STP:
P = 1atm
T = 273K

V= 560cm3 = 0.56dm3

Apply PV= nRT

PV
n=   
RT
MPV
m =   
RT
(32)(1)(0.56)
m=  
(0.082)(273)
m = 0.80g

31. Applying of PM = dRT equation

The density of an ideal gas at S.T.P. is 3 g/L. What is its molecular mass?

At STP
P = 1atm
T = 273K

d = 3g/L
R = 0.082

M=?

Apply PM = dRT

dRT (3)(0.082)(273)
M=  = = 67.2 g/mol
P 1
Molecular mass = 67.2 amu
Section 5.5

32. Know the definition of partial pressure.

How is the partial pressure of a gas in a mixture of gases defined?
The partial pressure of a gas in a mixture of gases is defined as the pressure that
this particular gas would exert if it were alone in the container.

33. Know the statement of Dalton's Law of partial pressure.

State Dalton's Law of partial pressures.
For a mixture of gases in a container, the total pressure exerted is the sum of the
pressures that each gas would exert if it were alone.

34. Know what mole fraction means

How is the mole fraction of a given component in a mixture defined?
The mole fraction is defined as the ratio of the number of moles of a given
component in a mixture to the total number of moles in the mixture.

35. Mathematical model of Dalton's Law.

What formula relates Ptotal, P1, ntotal and n1?

P1 = × Ptotal

36. Find mole fraction from partial pressure

A cylinder contains O2 and H2 at the respective partial pressures 25 mmHg and
15 mmHg.
What is the mole fraction of H2 in the mixture?

nH 2 PH 2
XH2 =   
ntotal Ptotal
Ptotal = PO2 + PH2 = 25 + 15 = 40 mmHg

PH 2 15
XH2 =  =  = 0.375
Ptotal 40

37. Given the number of mole and total pressure find partial pressure
A sample containing 4 moles of N2 and 2 moles of NO2 are present in a cylinder at a
total pressure of 1.2 atm. What is the partial pressure of N2?

nN 2 4
XN2 = =
ntotal 6
4
PN2 = XN2 Ptotal = × 1.2 = 0.8 atm
6
38. Find pressure of gas collected over H2O given atmospheric pressure and vapor
pressure.

What is the pressure of a gas collected over H2O at 760 mmHg and a temperature at
which the vapor pressure of water is 20 mmHg?

Pgas = Patm – Pvapor = 760 – 20 = 740 mmHg

39. Applying PV = nRT to find V of gas collected over H2O

A sample containing 0.02 mol of a gas collected over water at 27 ºC and 770 mmHg.
The vapor pressure of H2O is 25 mmHg. What volume of dry gas will be collected?

Pgas = Patm – Pvapor = 770 – 25 = 745 mmHg

Pgas = 745 ÷ 760 = 0.98 atm

n = 0.02
T = 27 + 273 = 300K
R = 0.082

Apply PV = nRT
nRT
V=
P
V= 0.5 dm3

Section 5.6

40. Know postulates of the Kinetic theory of gases.

List the four postulates of the Kinetic theory of gases.
1. The particles are so small compared with the distances between them that the
volume of the individual particles can be assumed to be negligible (zero).
2. The particles are in constant motion. The collisions of the particles with the
walls of the container are the cause of the pressure exerted by the gas.
3. The particles are assumed to exert no forces on each other; they are assumed
neither to attract nor to repel each other.
4. The average kinetic energy of a collection of gas particles is assumed to be
directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature of the gas.

41. Applying the formula KEav = RT

Calculate the average kinetic energy for a mole of oxygen gas at 27°C. (What value of R
will you use)?
3 3
KEav = RT = (8.3145 J/K mol) (27+273)K = 3741.525 J/mol = 3.74 × 103 J/mol
2 2

42. Know that

Calculate the root mean square velocity of CH4 at 273K.

= 12+4= 16 g/mole = 16 × 10-3 kg/mole

 =
3 x 8.3145 x 273
urms = = 425598.4 = 425598.4  652m/s
16 x 10-3

Section 5.7

43. Know the definition of diffusion.

What is the definition of diffusion?
Diffusion is the term used to describe the mixing of gases.

44. Know the definition of effusion.

What is the definition of effusion?
Effusion is the term used to describe the passage of a gas through a tiny orifice
into an evacuated chamber.

45. Know the statement of Graham's Law of effusion.

State Graham's Law of effusion.
The relative rates of effusion of two gases at the same temperature and pressure
are given by the inverse ratio of the square roots of the masses of the gas
particles.

46. Given the molecular mass of two gases, apply Graham6. Giv
Compare the rate of effusion of O2 and H2 at the same conditions.

RateH 2 M O2
   
RateO2 M H2
RateH 2 32
  16  4  
RateO2 2
 
Section 5.8

47. Know at which temperature and pressure a gas will act ideally.
At what temperature and pressure will a gas act most ideally?
A gas acts most ideally at high temperature and low pressure.

Section 5.9

48. Know the significance of constant a in theVan der Waals Waalsaals

In the Van Der Waals‘ equation, why is the term introduced?
is used as a correction factor for the wrong assumption that particles exert no
forces on each other

Section 5.10
49. Know major gases present in the atmosphere
 List the four major gases present in the atmosphere in descending order of
abundance.
Nitrogen N2
Oxygen O2
Argon Ar
Carbon dioxide CO2

50. Know gaseous products of the combustion of petroleum

List five gases that can be produced during the combustion of petroleum in vehicles.
CO, CO2, NO, NO2 and SO2.

51. Know how burning sulfur-containing coal produces acid rain

Write down the major equations that illustrate the formation of H2SO4 by sulfur
containing coal.
S (in coal) + O2(g)  SO2(g)
2SO2(g) + O2(g)  2SO3(g)
SO3(g) + H2O(l)  H2SO4(aq)

52. Know how a scrubber reduces air pollution

Write down the major equations that illustrate how a scrubber, using lime, lowers the
air pollution.
CaCO3(s)  CaO(s) + CO2(g)
CaO(s) + SO2(g)  CaSO3(s)
Lime