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Ans: a manager is a person responsible for supervising and motivating employees and
for directing the progress of an organization. The term managerial roles Refer to
behavior attributed to a job or position. to fulfill the multifarious function and
responsibilities,.
1. INTERPERSONAL ROLES
There are three interpersonal roles that a primarily concerned with interpersonal relationships
1. (a) Figurehead- Managers represent the company legally and socially to those outside
of the organization. they play the figurehead role when they perform duties that are
ceremonial and symbolic. these include greeting visitors, handing out merit certificates to
workers, etc
b) Leader- The leader role defines the relationship between the manager and the
employer. it includes hiring, training, motivating, and disciplining employees. the leader
directs his subordinates towards the accomplishment of organizational objectives.
c) Liasion - Managers play the liaison role when they serve as a connecting link between
their organization and others or between their units and other organizational units
2. INFORMATIONAL ROLES
receiving and communicating information are the most important aspects of a manager's
job. To make the right decisions managers need information from various sources
2.a) Monitor role - in this role the manager receives and collects information by scanning
the environment. reading magazines, observing competitors moves are the activities
performed in this role
2.b) Disseminator role -In the role of disseminator the manager distributes subordinates
important information that would otherwise be inaccessible to them
2.c) Spokesperson role - in the spokesperson role the manager informs various people
who influence the organization’s goals. he advises the shareholders about financial
performance and assures consumer groups that the organization is meeting the social
obligations
3. DECISIONAL ROLES
The unique access to information places a manager at the centre of organizational
decision-making.. there are 4 decisional roles
3.a) Entrepreneur role -as an entrepreneur the manager tries to improve the unit by
initiating planned changes to adapt to environmental challenges.
3.b) Disturbance handler role - In this role, managers deal with threats to the
organization respond to situations that are beyond their control such as strikes,
grievances. this role equips the manager to take corrective actions needed to resolve
and unanticipated problems.
3.c) Negotiator role-In this role manager negotiates on behalf of the organization to
attain maximum gain. They mediate internal conflict and also carry out negotiations with
other units to gain advantages for their own unit.
Ans Henry Fayol’s contribution to management theory is certainly remarkable. He gave overall
concepts of general management and suggested the basic functions of management. Fayol’s five
functions are still relevant to the discussion today about management roles and action.
1. to organize build up the structure, material, and human of the undertaking
2. to command maintain activity among the personnel
3. to co-ordinate bind together, unify and harmonise activity and effort
4. to control see that everything occurs in conformity with policy and practice
Division of Work – Assign each employee a task that they can become
proficient at. Productivity increases as employees become more skilled,
assured, and efficient.
Unity of Command – Fayol wrote that "an employee should receive orders from
one supervisor only." Otherwise, authority, discipline, order, and stability are
threatened
Unity of Direction – Teams with the same objective should be working under
the direction of one manager, using one plan
Subordination of individual interests to the general interest : Individuals should
pursue team interests over personal ones – including managers.
Order – Fayol wrote that, "The right man in the right place" forms an effective
social order. He applied the same maxim to materials
.
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ASSIGNMENT - II
Ans The academic model of needs was proposed by the eminent US psychologist
“Abraham Maslow” according to him human needs can be classified into 5 types. these
are known as the hierarchy of needs, the hierarchy of needs presented in a pyramid
form is given as follows :
NOTE: PLS DRAW ABOVE DIAGRAM WITH BLUE PEN AND PENCIL!
1.Physiological needs: the needs that are taken as the starting point in motivations are called
the basic physiological needs. these are related to the survival and maintenance of human life,
they include the need for food, clothing, shelter, air, water etc which are the basic necessities of
life
eg:Lack of a and food will kill an individual, a lack of clothing will make the working of the
individual difficult due to the different weathers
2. Safety needs: These needs have to do with people’s yearning for a predictable, orderly world
in which injustice and inconsistency under control. these needs are important as they consist of
economic and social security, protection against changes, safety of property etc.
safety and security needs include
🠊 personal security
🠊 financial security
🠊 health and well being
🠊safety net against accidents/ illness and the adverse impacts
Eg: insurance,savings account
3. Social needs : After physiological and safety needs are fulfilled, the third layer of human
needs is social needs.Man is a social being, he is therefore interested in companionship,
recognition. love. Belongingness.they need to love and be loved by others.This need for
belonging can often overcome the physiological and security needs depending on the strength
of peer pressure..
eg: the act of buying gifts as a result of such needs
4. Esteemed needs- these are needs arising out of the desire to achieve self respect,
autonomy, status and prestige in the society. Esteem presents the normal human desire to be
accepted and valued by others. people need to to engage themselves to gain recognition and
have an activity that gives the person a sense of contribution to feel accepted and self valued
Eg: status,prestige,buying luxury items
5.Self actualization needs- these are the needs of the highest order. these are generally found
in persons whose first four needs have already been fulfilled. it is the quest of reaching one's
full potential as a person. self actualized people tend to have needs such as truth, justice,
wisdom, meaning
eg; India getting freedom from Britishers was Mahatma Gandhi self actualization or self
realisation need.
Ans Individuals at all levels and all areas of organisations make decisions. that is, they make
choices is from two or more alternatives. although decision making is typically described as
choosing among alternatives,it is a comprehensive process not just a simple act of choosing
among alternatives.
Ans
People often mistake leadership and management as the same
thing, but in essence they are very different.Leadership is about
motivating people to comprehend and believe in the vision you set
for the company and to work with you on achieving your
goals.While management is more about administering the work
and ensuring the day-to-day activities are getting done as they
should.Leaders will have a vision of what can be achieved and
then communicate this to others and evolve strategies for
realizing the vision. They motivate people and are able to
negotiate for resources and other support to achieve their
goals.Managers ensure that the available resources are well
organized and applied to produce the best
results.While, managers maintain a smoothly functioning
workplace, leaders test the current position and
encourage new functions, so they are looking for long term goals.