Study of Simple and Torsonial Pendulum
Study of Simple and Torsonial Pendulum
Study of Simple and Torsonial Pendulum
: 2022MH00295
Materials required :
1. a cylindrical plastic box (having a lid)
2. sand (or flour)
3. Cu wire of diameter 0.5mm
4. 30cm plastic scale
5. A stick like thing
6. A Cot/Khatiya
Procedure:
1. Designing and arranging apparatus:
A. Making of the bob of the pendulum and finding the centre of the
cap:
I. Since I had a bottle of medicine, I decided to take it as my
weight for the experiment.
II. For finding the centre of the cap, i devised a simple method, as
we know the perpendicular bisector of a cord of a circle passes
through the centre of the circle, So if we draw any two arcs and
find their perpendicular bisectors, The point of intersection of
both the bisectors will be the centre of the circle.
III. So I took the cap and drew an outline of the cap on a piece of
paper by tracing the cap. After drawing I followed the above
step-2 and got the centre of the cap. (Shown in Figure 1)
IV. After finding the centre of the cap, I pierced it with a sewing
needle.
V. Then I inserted the copper wire inside the hole and tied a safety
pin to it so that the wire should not come off. (Show in Figure 2)
VI. Finally, I started filling sand in the box using a homemade funnel
(top of a bottle).(shown in Figure 3)
VII. Finally the pendulum was ready.
B. Assembling the Setup:
I. First I decided to take a cooler stand as my setup, but I couldn't
take it because its height was just 40 cm and for the whole
experiment the maximum height required is around 60 cm to 70
cm.
II. So I decided to take a khatiya/cot as my setup. I just tied the
wire to the arm of the cot and the Setup was ready.(Shown in
Figure 4)
2. Measuring the Thickness of the Wire:
I. For measuring the thickness of the wire, I took a pencil and wrapped
the wire around it 15 times.
II. Then I compressed the wire and measured the length of this coil.
(Shown in Figure 5)
III. The length of the coil divided by the number of turns gave me the
thickness or diameter of the wire.
1. First the length of the wire was set to 5 cm and it was tied to the leg of the cot.
2. Then the box was pulled towards the left side for a short interval and then
released, starting the oscillation.
3. The total time required for 20 oscillations was measured. It was then divided
by 20 to get the time period.
4. The above procedure was repeated with different lengths with an interval of 1
cm till 30 cm.
5. The observations are given in the Observation Table 1 below.
1. First the length of the wire was set to 30 cm and it was tied to the leg of the
cot.
2. Then the box was rotated to a small angle towards the left side and then
released, starting the oscillations.
3. The total time required for 20 oscillations was measured. It was then divided
by 20 to get the time period.
4. The above procedure was repeated with different lengths with an interval of 1
cm till 60 cm.
5. The observations are given in the Observation Table 2 below.
Observations:
Mass of the Cylindrical Box: 0.245 Kg
Radius of the Cylindrical Box: 2.4 cm
Diameter of Copper Wire: 0.53 mm
Radius of the Copper Wire:0.26 mm
Length
Sr. Time Period
of the Length of the Mass of the Total Time
No (T) (t/20) T2 (s2)
wire (L) Pendulum(d)(cm) Box(M) (t) (sec)
. (sec)
(cm)
Conclusion:
From the above observations, Readings and Calculations I Conclude that the
Time Period of a Simple Pendulum Depends On the Length of the wire.
Extra Exploration:
2 7 cm 150 g 0.725
3 8 cm 150 g 0.836
4 9 cm 150 g 0.794
5 10 cm 150 g 0.893
With Rubber band I observed that due to its elasticity it doesnt oscillate
properly and gives variable readings.
Possible Errors:
1. The wire may slip down on a smooth surface.