Binds to thiol groups in proteins;

ionized ____ excreted in urine

a. arsenic
b. lead
All drugs absorbed from the GI
c. mercury
tract must go through the
d. none of the above
liver before entering the general
is the amount of drug that is
circulation 
absorbed into the system and is a. arsenic
a. zero pass metabolism
available for distribution.     
b. first pass metabolism
arsenic - Binds to thiol groups in
c. pass metabolism
bioavailability proteins; ionized arsenic excreted in
d. all of the above
urine
lead -  binds to proteins and it
b. first pass metabolism
inhibits many enzymes; it also
inhibits heme synthesis
mercury -  Binds to proteins and
inhibits many enzymes

Cardiac glycoside used to treat

congestive heart failure
a. digoxine
b. lidocaine
c. quinidine
d. procainamide

a. digoxine
Most drugs are absorbed from
the ____  in a consistent manner in
digoxine - Cardiac
healthy individuals 
glycoside used to treat Drug concentration that
a. blood stream
congestive heart failure produces benefits
b. GI tract
lidocaine - Antiarrhythmic
c. intestetines
drug used to treat ventricular therapeutic range
d. stomach
arrhythmia and prevent
ventricular fibrillation
b. GI tract
quinidine - (blood
dyscrasia) Antiarrhythmic
drug used to treat cardiac
arrhythmia
procandamie - (lupus like
syndrome) Antiarrhythmic
drug used to treat cardiac
arrhythmia

primarily bind to albumin.

a. acidic drugs
b. basic drugs
c. free drugs
d. most drugs
entails the analysis,
a. acidic drugs
interpretation, and evaluation
 The study of poisonous substances 
of drug concentration in serum,
acidic drugs - primarily bind to
plasma, or whole blood samples. 
toxicology albumin.
basic drugs - primarily bind to co-
therapeutic drug monitoring
acid glycoprotein (AAG).
free drugs - interact with target
sites and produce a response
most drugs - this drug circulates
in the blood bound to plasma
proteins
 Beriberi
a. Vit A
b. Vit D
c. Vit E
d. Vit K
e. Vit C
f. Vit B1
g. Vit B2
h. Vit Bj2
i. Niancin
j. Biotin

f. Vit B1

Antiarrhythmic drug used to Vitamin A deficiency: Drying,

Antiarrhythmic drug used to treat ventricular arrhythmia degeneration, and increased risk of
treat cardiac arrhythmia and prevent ventricular infection in conjunctiva, cornea, skin,
a. digoxine fibrillation and mucous membranes; night
b. lidocaine a. digoxine blindness
c. quinidine b. lidocaine Vitamin D deficiency: Rickets,
d. procainamide c. quinidine osteomalacia, osteoporosis
d. procainamide Vitamin E deficiency: Hemolytic
disease of premature neonates
b. lidocaine Vitamin K
digoxine - Cardiac deficiency: Hemorrhage
glycoside used to treat digoxine - Cardiac Vitamin C deficiency: Scurvy,
congestive heart failure glycoside used to treat necrosis of gums, emotional
lidocaine - Antiarrhythmic congestive heart failure disturbances
drug used to treat ventricular lidocaine - Antiarrhythmic Vitamin BI deficiency: Beriberi
arrhythmia and prevent drug used to treat ventricular Vitamin B2 deficiency: Cheilosis,
ventricular fibrillation arrhythmia and prevent angular stomatitis, glossitis,
quinidine - (blood ventricular fibrillation seborrheic dermatitis, ocular
dyscrasia) Antiarrhythmic quinidine - (blood disturbances
drug used to treat cardiac dyscrasia) Antiarrhythmic Vitamin Bg deficiency: Eczema,
arrhythmia drug used to treat cardiac seborrheic dermatitis, cheilosis,
procandamie - (lupus like arrhythmia glossitis, angular stomatitis, mental
syndrome) Antiarrhythmic procandamie - (lupus like depression, anemia
drug used to treat cardiac syndrome) Antiarrhythmic Vitamin Bj2
arrhythmia drug used to treat cardiac deficiency: Hematologic effects,
arrhythmia including macrocytic anemia, and
neurologic effects, including
peripheral nerve degeneration
Niacin deficiency: Pellagra 11 .
Pantothenic acid deficiency:
Metabolism affected; causes nausea,
vomiting, muscular weakness,
malaise
Biotin deficiency: Cutaneous,
ophthalmic, and neurologic
symptoms 13. Folate deficiency:
Megaloblastic anemia, anorexia,
glossitis, nausea,
hepatosplenomegaly,
hyperpigmentation of skin 
 Cheilosis, angular stomatitis,
glossitis, seborrheic dermatitis,
ocular disturbances
a. Vit A
b. Vit D
c. Vit E
d. Vit K
e. Vit C
f. Vit B1
g. Vit B2
h. Vit Bj2
i. Niancin
j. Biotin

g. Vit B2
Chronic exposure is associated with
Vitamin A deficiency: Drying, toxic hepatitis and cirrhosis. 
degeneration, and increased risk of a. ethanol
infection in conjunctiva, cornea, skin, b. methanol
and mucous membranes; night c. isopropanol
Binds to proteins and inhibits many
blindness d. ethylene glycol
enzymes
Vitamin D deficiency: Rickets,
a. arsenic
osteomalacia, osteoporosis a. ethanol
b. lead
Vitamin E deficiency: Hemolytic
c. mercury
disease of premature neonates ethanol - Chronic exposure is
d. none of the above
Vitamin K associated with toxic hepatitis and
deficiency: Hemorrhage cirrhosis. 
c. mercury
Vitamin C deficiency: Scurvy, methanol - Ingestion is related to
necrosis of gums, emotional severe acidosis, blindness, and
arsenic - Binds to thiol groups in
disturbances even death due to methanol
proteins; ionized arsenic excreted in
Vitamin BI deficiency: Beriberi conversion to formaldehyde, which is
urine
Vitamin B2 deficiency: Cheilosis, metabolized to formic acid. 
lead -  binds to proteins and it
angular stomatitis, glossitis, isopropanol - ingestion produces
inhibits many enzymes; it also
seborrheic dermatitis, ocular severe, acute symptoms, similar to
inhibits heme synthesis
disturbances ethanol intoxication, that persist
mercury -  Binds to proteins and
Vitamin Bg deficiency: Eczema, for a long period of time because
inhibits many enzymes
seborrheic dermatitis, cheilosis, isopropanol is metabolized to
glossitis, angular stomatitis, mental acetone, which has a long half-life. 
depression, anemia ethylene glycol -  Ingestion
Vitamin Bj2 produces severe metabolic acidosis
deficiency: Hematologic effects, and renal tubular damage. 
including macrocytic anemia, and
neurologic effects, including
peripheral nerve degeneration
Niacin deficiency: Pellagra 11 .
Pantothenic acid deficiency:
Metabolism affected; causes nausea,
vomiting, muscular weakness,
malaise
Biotin deficiency: Cutaneous,
ophthalmic, and neurologic
symptoms 13. Folate deficiency:
Megaloblastic anemia, anorexia,
glossitis, nausea,
hepatosplenomegaly,
hyperpigmentation of skin 
Drying, degeneration, and increased
risk of infection in conjunctiva,
cornea, skin, and mucous
membranes; night blindness
a. Vit A
b. Vit D
c. Vit E First-order kinetic
d. Vit K Zero-order kinetics 
Hallucinogenic, provide a
e. Vit C Michaelis-Menten kinetics 
feeling of mental well-being and
f. Vit B1
euphoria, impair mental
g. Vit B2 -------- MATCH ----------
function and short-term
h. Vit Bj2
memory
i. Niancin ●rate of change of concentration of a
a. amphetamine and
j. Biotin drug is dependent on the drug
metamphetamine
concentration
b. anaolic steroids
a. Vit A ●rate of change of concentration of a
c. cannabunoids
drug that is independent of the
d. cocaine
Vitamin A deficiency: Drying, concentration of the drug
e. opiates
degeneration, and increased risk of ●if a drug concentration in a system
f. phenycyclidine
infection in conjunctiva, cornea, skin, exceeds the capacity of the system,
g. tranquilizers
and mucous membranes; night the rate of change of concentration
blindness proceeds according to
c. cannabunoids
Vitamin D deficiency: Rickets,
osteomalacia, osteoporosis First-order kinetics describe
amphetamine and
Vitamin E deficiency: Hemolytic absorption, distribution, and
metamphetamine - Used to treat
disease of premature neonates elimination of drugs. This means that
narcolepsy and disorders that
Vitamin K the rate of change of
affect ability to focus; stimulants,
deficiency: Hemorrhage concentration of a drug is
provide sense of mental and physical
Vitamin C deficiency: Scurvy, dependent on the drug
well-being 
necrosis of gums, emotional concentration.  It is represented by
anaolic steroids -  Used to
disturbances the first phase of the dose-response
increase muscle mass and
Vitamin BI deficiency: Beriberi curve.
athletic performance
Vitamin B2 deficiency: Cheilosis,
cannabunoids - Hallucinogenic,
angular stomatitis, glossitis, Zero-order kinetics describe the
provide a feeling of mental well-
seborrheic dermatitis, ocular rate of change of concentration
being and euphoria, impair
disturbances of a drug that is independent of
mental function and short-term
Vitamin Bg deficiency: Eczema, the concentration of the drug.
memory
seborrheic dermatitis, cheilosis, That is, a constant amount of drug is
cocaine -  Used as a local
glossitis, angular stomatitis, mental eliminated per unit of time. This
anesthetic and at higher levels
depression, anemia typically depends on the ability of the
functions as a CNS stimulant
Vitamin Bj2 deficiency: liver to metabolize the drug. This is
opiates - Narcotics used for
Hematologic effects, including illustrated by the second phase of the
their analgesic, sedative, and
macrocytic anemia, and neurologic curve.
anesthetic properties
effects, including peripheral nerve
phenycyclidine
degeneration Michaelis-Menten kinetics state
- Produces stimulant, depressant,
Niacin deficiency: Pellagra 11 . that if a drug concentration in a
anesthetic, and hallucinogenic
Pantothenic acid deficiency: system exceeds the capacity of
tranquilizers -  Sedative
Metabolism affected; causes nausea, the system, the rate of change of
hypnotics that produce depression
vomiting, muscular weakness, concentration proceeds
of the CNS  
malaise according to the Michaelis-
Biotin deficiency: Cutaneous, Menten equation.
ophthalmic, and neurologic
symptoms 13. Folate deficiency:
Megaloblastic anemia, anorexia,
glossitis, nausea,
hepatosplenomegaly,
hyperpigmentation of skin 
 Hemolytic disease of premature
neonates Hemorrhage
a. Vit A a. Vit A
b. Vit D b. Vit D
c. Vit E c. Vit E
d. Vit K d. Vit K
e. Vit C e. Vit C
f. Vit B1 f. Vit B1
g. Vit B2 g. Vit B2
h. Vit Bj2 h. Vit Bj2
i. Niancin i. Niancin
j. Biotin j. Biotin

c. Vit E d. Vit K Ingestion is related to severe

acidosis, blindness, and even death
Vitamin A deficiency: Drying, Vitamin A deficiency: Drying, due to methanol conversion to
degeneration, and increased risk of degeneration, and increased risk of formaldehyde, which is metabolized
infection in conjunctiva, cornea, infection in conjunctiva, cornea, skin, to formic acid. 
skin, and mucous membranes; night and mucous membranes; night
blindness blindness a. ehtanol
Vitamin D deficiency: Rickets, Vitamin D deficiency: Rickets, b. methanol
osteomalacia, osteoporosis osteomalacia, osteoporosis c. isopropanol
Vitamin E Vitamin E deficiency: Hemolytic d. ethylene glycol
deficiency: Hemolytic disease of disease of premature neonates
premature neonates Vitamin K b. methanol
Vitamin K deficiency: Hemorrhage
deficiency: Hemorrhage Vitamin C deficiency: Scurvy, ehtanol - Chronic exposure is
Vitamin C deficiency: Scurvy, necrosis of gums, emotional associated with toxic hepatitis and
necrosis of gums, emotional disturbances cirrhosis. 
disturbances Vitamin BI deficiency: Beriberi methanol - Ingestion is related to
Vitamin BI deficiency: Beriberi Vitamin B2 deficiency: Cheilosis, severe acidosis, blindness, and even
Vitamin B2 deficiency: Cheilosis, angular stomatitis, glossitis, death due to methanol conversion to
angular stomatitis, glossitis, seborrheic dermatitis, ocular formaldehyde, which is metabolized
seborrheic dermatitis, ocular disturbances to formic acid. 
disturbances Vitamin Bg deficiency: Eczema, isopropanol - ngestion produces
Vitamin Bg deficiency: Eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, cheilosis, severe, acute symptoms, similar to
seborrheic dermatitis, cheilosis, glossitis, angular stomatitis, mental ethanol intoxication, that persist for
glossitis, angular stomatitis, mental depression, anemia a long period of time because
depression, anemia Vitamin Bj2 isopropanol is metabolized to
Vitamin Bj2 deficiency: Hematologic effects, acetone, which has a long half-life. 
deficiency: Hematologic effects, including macrocytic anemia, and ethylene glycol -  Ingestion
including macrocytic anemia, and neurologic effects, including produces severe metabolic acidosis
neurologic effects, including peripheral nerve degeneration and renal tubular damage. 
peripheral nerve degeneration Niacin deficiency: Pellagra 11 .
Niacin deficiency: Pellagra 11 . Pantothenic acid deficiency:
Pantothenic acid deficiency: Metabolism affected; causes nausea,
Metabolism affected; causes nausea, vomiting, muscular weakness,
vomiting, muscular weakness, malaise
malaise Biotin deficiency: Cutaneous,
Biotin deficiency: Cutaneous, ophthalmic, and neurologic
ophthalmic, and neurologic symptoms 13. Folate deficiency:
symptoms 13. Folate deficiency: Megaloblastic anemia, anorexia,
Megaloblastic anemia, anorexia, glossitis, nausea,
glossitis, nausea, hepatosplenomegaly,
hepatosplenomegaly, hyperpigmentation of skin 
hyperpigmentation of skin 
Ingestion produces severe metabolic Liberation  Narcotics used for their
acidosis and renal tubular damage.  Absorption analgesic, sedative, and anesthetic
Elimination properties
a. ehtanol Metabolism  a. amphetamine and
b. methanol Drug molecules metamphetamine
c. isopropanol b. anaolic steroids
d. ethylene glycol -----------MATCH------------- c. cannabunoids
d. cocaine
d. ethylene glycol ●is the process by which the drug e. opiates
molecule is taken up into f. phenycyclidine
ethanol - Chronic exposure is systemic circulation.  g. tranquilizers
associated with toxic hepatitis and ●is the release of this ingredient,
cirrhosis.  followed by the process of the e. opiates
methanol - Ingestion is related to drug passing into solution.
severe acidosis, blindness, and even ●can be confined to the blood, amphetamine and
death due to methanol conversion to leave the bloodstream, and metamphetamine - Used to treat
formaldehyde, which is metabolized enter the extravascular space, narcolepsy and disorders that
to formic acid.  or they can migrate into various affect ability to focus; stimulants,
isopropanol - ingestion produces tissues provide sense of mental and physical
severe, acute symptoms, similar to ●is the process of excretion of the well-being 
ethanol intoxication, that persist for drug from the body. Drugs are anaolic steroids -  Used to
a long period of time because typically excreted in the urine but increase muscle mass and
isopropanol is metabolized to also can be eliminated in the feces, athletic performance
acetone, which has a long half-life.  sweat, expired air, and saliva.  cannabunoids - Hallucinogenic,
ethylene glycol -  Ingestion ●is the process of transformation provide a feeling of mental well-
produces severe metabolic acidosis of the parent drug molecule to being and euphoria, impair
and renal tubular damage.  its metabolite(s). Metabolites are mental function and short-term
usually water soluble and can be memory
easily excreted. Most of the cocaine -  Used as a local
metabolism occurs in the liver, where anesthetic and at higher levels
enzymes catalyze oxidation, functions as a CNS stimulant
reduction, or hydrolysis of the drug. opiates - Narcotics used for
their analgesic, sedative, and
a. Liberation is the release of this anesthetic properties
ingredient, followed by the phenycyclidine - Produces
process of the drug passing into stimulant, depressant,
solution. anesthetic, and hallucinogenic
b. Absorption is the process by tranquilizers -  Sedative
which the drug molecule is taken hypnotics that produce depression
up into systemic circulation.  of the CNS  
c. Drug molecules can be
confined to the blood, leave the
bloodstream, and enter the
extravascular space, or they can
migrate into various tissues.
This is referred to as
distribution, a process
that typically occurs between a
period of 30 minutes and 2
hours. The bioavailability of a
drug   is the amount of drug that
is absorbed into the system and
is available for distribution.
d. Metabolism is the process
of transformation of the parent
drug molecule to its
metabolite(s). Metabolites are
usually water soluble and can be
easily excreted. Most of the
metabolism occurs in the liver, where
enzymes catalyze oxidation,
reduction, or hydrolysis of the drug.
e. Elimination is the process
of excretion of the drug from
 the body. Drugs are typically
excreted in the urine but also can be
eliminated in the feces, sweat,
expired air, and saliva.     

Rickets, osteomalacia, Scurvy, necrosis of gums, emotional

osteoporosis disturbances
a. Vit A a. Vit A
b. Vit D b. Vit D
c. Vit E c. Vit E
d. Vit K d. Vit K
e. Vit C e. Vit C
Produces stimulant, f. Vit B1 f. Vit B1
depressant, anesthetic, and g. Vit B2 g. Vit B2
hallucinogenic h. Vit Bj2 h. Vit Bj2
i. Niancin i. Niancin
a. amphetamine and j. Biotin j. Biotin
metamphetamine
b. anaolic steroids b. Vit D (affects the bones) e. Vit C
c. cannabunoids
d. cocaine Vitamin A deficiency: Drying, Vitamin A deficiency: Drying,
e. opiates degeneration, and increased risk of degeneration, and increased risk of
f. phenycyclidine infection in conjunctiva, cornea, skin, infection in conjunctiva, cornea, skin,
g. tranquilizers and mucous membranes; night and mucous membranes; night
blindness blindness
f. phenycyclidine Vitamin D deficiency: Rickets, Vitamin D deficiency: Rickets,
osteomalacia, osteoporosis osteomalacia, osteoporosis
amphetamine and Vitamin E deficiency: Hemolytic Vitamin E deficiency: Hemolytic
metamphetamine - Used to treat disease of premature neonates disease of premature neonates
narcolepsy and disorders that Vitamin K Vitamin K
affect ability to focus; stimulants, deficiency: Hemorrhage deficiency: Hemorrhage
provide sense of mental and physical Vitamin C deficiency: Scurvy, Vitamin C deficiency: Scurvy,
well-being  necrosis of gums, emotional necrosis of gums, emotional
anaolic steroids -  Used to disturbances disturbances
increase muscle mass and Vitamin BI deficiency: Beriberi Vitamin BI deficiency: Beriberi
athletic performance Vitamin B2 deficiency: Cheilosis, Vitamin B2 deficiency: Cheilosis,
cannabunoids - Hallucinogenic, angular stomatitis, glossitis, angular stomatitis, glossitis,
provide a feeling of mental well- seborrheic dermatitis, ocular seborrheic dermatitis, ocular
being and euphoria, impair disturbances disturbances
mental function and short-term Vitamin Bg deficiency: Eczema, Vitamin Bg deficiency: Eczema,
memory seborrheic dermatitis, cheilosis, seborrheic dermatitis, cheilosis,
cocaine -  Used as a local glossitis, angular stomatitis, mental glossitis, angular stomatitis, mental
anesthetic and at higher levels depression, anemia depression, anemia
functions as a CNS stimulant Vitamin Bj2 Vitamin Bj2
opiates - Narcotics used for deficiency: Hematologic effects, deficiency: Hematologic effects,
their analgesic, sedative, and including macrocytic anemia, and including macrocytic anemia, and
anesthetic properties neurologic effects, including neurologic effects, including
phenycyclidine peripheral nerve degeneration peripheral nerve degeneration
- Produces stimulant, depressant, Niacin deficiency: Pellagra 11 . Niacin deficiency: Pellagra 11 .
anesthetic, and hallucinogenic Pantothenic acid deficiency: Pantothenic acid deficiency:
tranquilizers -  Sedative Metabolism affected; causes nausea, Metabolism affected; causes nausea,
hypnotics that produce depression vomiting, muscular weakness, vomiting, muscular weakness,
of the CNS   malaise malaise
Biotin deficiency: Cutaneous, Biotin deficiency: Cutaneous,
ophthalmic, and neurologic ophthalmic, and neurologic
symptoms 13. Folate deficiency: symptoms 13. Folate deficiency:
Megaloblastic anemia, anorexia, Megaloblastic anemia, anorexia,
glossitis, nausea, glossitis, nausea,
hepatosplenomegaly, hepatosplenomegaly,
hyperpigmentation of skin  hyperpigmentation of skin 
Sedative hypnotics that produce
depression of the CNS  
a. amphetamine and
metamphetamine
b. anaolic steroids
c. cannabunoids
d. cocaine Supertoxic substance with exposure
e. opiates occurring through various routes,
f. phenycyclidine including oral ingestion, inhalation,
g. tranquilizers Slow-acting barbiturate used to or transdermal absorption 
control seizures a. alcohols
g. tranquilizers a. phenobarbital b. carbon monoxide
b. phenytoin c. cyanide
amphetamine and c. valproic acid d. pesticides 
metamphetamine - Used to treat d. carbamazepine
narcolepsy and disorders that c. cyanide
affect ability to focus; stimulants, a. phenobarbital
provide sense of mental and physical alcohols - Volatile organic
well-being  phenobarbital - Slow-acting substances
anaolic steroids -  Used to barbiturate used to control carbon monoxide - Toxic because
increase muscle mass and seizures it binds very tightly to
athletic performance phenytoin -  Used to control hemoglobin and does not allow
cannabunoids - Hallucinogenic, seizures and to keep the brain oxygen to attach to the hemoglobin;
provide a feeling of mental well- from swelling and injuring forms carboxyhemoglobin 
being and euphoria, impair tissue during brain traumas cyanide - Supertoxic substance
mental function and short-term valproic acid -  Used to control with exposure occurring through
memory seizures, 93% protein bound various routes, including oral
cocaine -  Used as a local carbamazepine - Used to control ingestion, inhalation, or transdermal
anesthetic and at higher levels seizures, 70 - 80% protein absorption 
functions as a CNS stimulant bound pesticides - may contaminate
opiates - Narcotics used for food or be inhaled, absorbed
their analgesic, sedative, and through the skin, and ingested
anesthetic properties via hand-to-mouth contact 
phenycyclidine
- Produces stimulant, depressant,
anesthetic, and hallucinogenic
tranquilizers -  Sedative
hypnotics that produce depression
of the CNS  
 Used as a local anesthetic and at
higher levels functions as a CNS
stimulant
a. amphetamine and
metamphetamine
b. anaolic steroids
c. cannabunoids
Toxic because it binds very tightly to
d. cocaine
hemoglobin and does not allow
e. opiates
oxygen to attach to the hemoglobin;
f. phenycyclidine
forms carboxyhemoglobin 
g. tranquilizers
a. alcohols
b. carbon monoxide
d. cocaine
c. cyanide
d. pesticides  Used as an analgesic, antipyretic, and
amphetamine and
anti-inflammatory
metamphetamine - Used to treat
b. carbon monoxide a. salicylate
narcolepsy and disorders that
b. acetaminophen
affect ability to focus; stimulants,
alcohols - Volatile organic c. both
provide sense of mental and physical
substances d. none of the above
well-being 
carbon monoxide - Toxic because
anaolic steroids -  Used to
it binds very tightly to a. salicylate
increase muscle mass and
hemoglobin and does not allow
athletic performance
oxygen to attach to the hemoglobin; salicylate - Used as an analgesic,
cannabunoids - Hallucinogenic,
forms carboxyhemoglobin  antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory
provide a feeling of mental well-
cyanide - Supertoxic substance acetaminophen - Used as an
being and euphoria, impair
with exposure occurring through analgesic
mental function and short-term
various routes, including oral
memory
ingestion, inhalation, or transdermal
cocaine -  Used as a local
absorption 
anesthetic and at higher levels
pesticides - may contaminate
functions as a CNS stimulant
food or be inhaled, absorbed
opiates - Narcotics used for
through the skin, and ingested
their analgesic, sedative, and
via hand-to-mouth contact 
anesthetic properties
phenycyclidine
- Produces stimulant, depressant,
anesthetic, and hallucinogenic
tranquilizers -  Sedative
hypnotics that produce depression
of the CNS  
 Used to control seizures and to
keep the brain from swelling
Used to control seizures, 70 -
and injuring tissue during brain
80% protein bound
traumas
a. phenobarbital
b. phenytoin
a. phenobarbital
c. valproic acid
Used as an analgesic b. phenytoin
d. carbamazepine
a. salicylate c. valproic acid
b. acetaminophen d. carbamazepine
d. carbamazepine
c. both
d. none of the above b. phenytoin
phenobarbital - Slow-acting
barbiturate used to control
b. acetaminophen phenobarbital - Slow-acting
seizures
barbiturate used to control
phenytoin -  Used to control
salicylate - Used as an analgesic, seizures
seizures and to keep the brain
antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory phenytoin -  Used to control
from swelling and injuring
acetaminophen - Used as an seizures and to keep the brain
tissue during brain traumas
analgesic from swelling and injuring
valproic acid -  Used to control
tissue during brain traumas
seizures, 93% protein bound
valproic acid -  Used to control
carbamazepine - Used to control
seizures, 93% protein bound
seizures, 70 - 80% protein
carbamazepine - Used to control
bound
seizures, 70 - 80% protein
bound
 Used to increase muscle mass
and athletic performance

a. amphetamine and
metamphetamine
b. anaolic steroids
c. cannabunoids
Used to suppress transplant
d. cocaine
rejections and graft-versus-
e. opiates
host disease (potency far
f. phenycyclidine
Used to control seizures, 93% exceeds cyclosporine by a factor
g. tranquilizers
protein bound of 100)TOXICOLOGY
a. phenobarbital a. glycosporine
b. anaolic steroids
b. phenytoin b. tacrolimus
c. valproic acid c. sirolimus
amphetamine and
d. carbamazepine d. methotrexate
metamphetamine - Used to treat
narcolepsy and disorders that
c. valproic acid b. tacrolimus
affect ability to focus; stimulants,
provide sense of mental and physical
phenobarbital - Slow-acting glycosporine - Used to suppress
well-being 
barbiturate used to control transplant rejections and graft-
anaolic steroids -  Used to
seizures versus-host disease, peak levels
increase muscle mass and
phenytoin -  Used to control in 4 - 6 hours
athletic performance
seizures and to keep the brain tacrolimus - Used to suppress
cannabunoids - Hallucinogenic,
from swelling and injuring transplant rejections and graft-
provide a feeling of mental well-
tissue during brain traumas versus-host disease (potency far
being and euphoria, impair
valproic acid -  Used to control exceeds cyclosporine by a factor
mental function and short-term
seizures, 93% protein bound of 100)TOXICOLOGY
memory
carbamazepine - Used to control sirolimus - Used to suppress
cocaine -  Used as a local
seizures, 70 - 80% protein transplant rejections and graft-
anesthetic and at higher levels
bound versus-host disease, peak levels
functions as a CNS stimulant
in 2hours
opiates - Narcotics used for
methotrexate - used to destroy
their analgesic, sedative, and
neoplastic cells.
anesthetic properties
phenycyclidine
- Produces stimulant, depressant,
anesthetic, and hallucinogenic
tranquilizers -  Sedative
hypnotics that produce depression
of the CNS  
 Used to treat infections caused
by gram-negative bacteria;
include gentamicin,
Used to suppress transplant tobramycin, kanamycin, and
Used to suppress transplant
rejections and graft-versus-host amikacin
rejections and graft-versus-host
disease, peak levels in 4 - 6 a. aminoglycosides
disease, peak levels in 2hours
hours b. vancomyocin
a. glycosporine
a. glycosporine c. lithium
b. tacrolimus
b. tacrolimus d. tricyclic antidepresessants
c. sirolimus
c. sirolimus e. theophylline
d. methotrexate
d. methotrexate
a. aminoglycosides
c. sirolimus
a. glycosporine
aminoglycosides - Used to treat
glycosporine - Used to suppress
glycosporine - Used to suppress infections caused by gram-
transplant rejections and graft-
transplant rejections and graft- negative bacteria; include
versus-host disease, peak levels
versus-host disease, peak levels gentamicin, tobramycin,
in 4 - 6 hours
in 4 - 6 hours kanamycin, and
tacrolimus - Used to suppress
tacrolimus - Used to suppress amikacin. kidney, ear problem
transplant rejections and graft-
transplant rejections and graft- vancomyocin - Used to treat
versus-host disease (potency far
versus-host disease (potency far infections caused by gram-
exceeds cyclosporine by a factor
exceeds cyclosporine by a factor positive bacteria
of 100)TOXICOLOGY
of 100)TOXICOLOGY lithium -  Used to treat manic
sirolimus - Used to suppress
sirolimus - Used to suppress depression
transplant rejections and graft-
transplant rejections and graft- tricyclic antidepresessants
versus-host disease, peak levels
versus-host disease, peak levels - used in cases of depression,
in 2hours
in 2hours insomnia, extreme apathy, and
methotrexate - used to destroy
methotrexate - used to destroy loss of libido.
neoplastic cells.
neoplastic cells. theophylline - Used to treat
asthma and other chronic
obstructive pulmonary
disorders (COPD)
 Used to treat narcolepsy and
disorders that affect ability to
focus; stimulants, provide sense of
mental and physical well-being 
a. amphetamine and
metamphetamine
Used to treat infections caused
b. anaolic steroids
by gram-positive bacteria Used to treat manic depression
c. cannabunoids
d. cocaine
a. aminoglycosides a. aminoglycosides
e. opiates
b. vancomyocin b. vancomyocin
f. phenycyclidine
c. lithium c. lithium
g. tranquilizers
d. tricyclic antidepresessants d. tricyclic antidepresessants
e. theophylline e. theophylline
a. amphetamine and
metamphetamine
b. vancomyocin c. lithium
amphetamine and
a(minus)(-) aminoglycosides - Used to treat
metamphetamine - Used to treat
aminoglycosides - Used to treat infections caused by gram-
narcolepsy and disorders that
infections caused by gram- negative bacteria; include
affect ability to focus; stimulants,
negative bacteria; include gentamicin, tobramycin,
provide sense of mental and physical
gentamicin, tobramycin, kanamycin, and amikacin.
well-being 
kanamycin, and kidney, ear problem
anaolic steroids -  Used to
amikacin. kidney, ear problem vancomyocin - Used to treat
increase muscle mass and
vancomyocin - Used to treat infections caused by gram-
athletic performance
infections caused by gram- positive bacteria
cannabunoids - Hallucinogenic,
positive bacteria lithium -  Used to treat manic
provide a feeling of mental well-
lithium -  Used to treat manic depression
being and euphoria, impair
depression tricyclic antidepresessants
mental function and short-term
tricyclic antidepresessants - used in cases of depression,
memory
- used in cases of depression, insomnia, extreme apathy, and
cocaine -  Used as a local
insomnia, extreme apathy, and loss of libido.
anesthetic and at higher levels
loss of libido. theophylline - Used to treat
functions as a CNS stimulant
theophylline - Used to treat asthma and other chronic
opiates - Narcotics used for
asthma and other chronic obstructive pulmonary
their analgesic, sedative, and
obstructive pulmonary disorders (COPD)
anesthetic properties
disorders (COPD)
phenycyclidine
- Produces stimulant, depressant,
anesthetic, and hallucinogenic
tranquilizers -  Sedative
hypnotics that produce depression
of the CNS  
 Volatile organic substances
a. alcohols
b. carbon monoxide
c. cyanide anti-epiletic drugs match
d. pesticides 
phenytoin
a. alcohols neurotonin
valproic acid
alcohols - Volatile organic carbamazepine
substances
carbon monoxide - Toxic because ____ are absorbed more ------ match -------
it binds very tightly to quickly than tablets and capsules. 
hemoglobin and does not allow dilantin
oxygen to attach to the hemoglobin; liquids tegretol
forms carboxyhemoglobin  depakene
cyanide - Supertoxic substance gabapentin
with exposure occurring through
various routes, including oral phenytoin - dilantin
ingestion, inhalation, or transdermal neurotonin - gabapentin
absorption  valproic acid - depakene
pesticides - may contaminate carbamazepine - tegretol
food or be inhaled, absorbed
through the skin, and ingested
via hand-to-mouth contact 

anti-epiletic drugs that causes

assocaited with fk-506 / thrombus
nystagmus (wondering eye)? antineoplastic drug
formation. what immunosuppresive
drug?
dilantin methotrexate
tegretol busulfan
cyclosporine
depakene ----- match -----
glycosporine
gabapentin leucopenia
tacrolimus
cytotoxic
rapomycrin
phenytoin - dilantin
sirolimus
neurotonin - gabapentin methotrexate - leucopenia
valproic acid - depakene busulfan - cytotoxic
tacrolimus
carbamazepine - tegretol

assocaited with renal impairment.

assocaited with thrombocytopenia.
has strong affinity with RBC. what best specimen when the drug
what immunosuppresive drug?
immunosuppresive drug? cyclosporine is used?
cyclosporine
cyclosporine SPS
glycosporine
glycosporine EDTA
tacrolimus
tacrolimus Heparin
rapomycrin
rapomycrin citrate
sirolimus
sirolimus
EDTA
rapomycin
cyclosporine
 causes pancreatitis
for initiation of seizure
binds to proteins and it inhibits
causes hematoloic dyscarasia
many enzymes; it also inhibits heme
for slow acting barbiturate to control
synthesis
seizure
a. arsenic causes pink disease
b. lead
------- match ---------
c. mercury arsenic
d. none of the above lead
tegretol
cadmium
phenytoin
b. lead mercury
depakene
phenobarbital
arsenic - Binds to thiol groups in mercury (major toxic effect of
proteins; ionized arsenic excreted in elemental mercury)
tegretol (carbamezepine) -
urine cogenital minimata disease is a
causes hematoloic dyscarasia
lead -  binds to proteins and it major toxic effect of elemental alkyl
phenytoin (dilantin) - for
inhibits many enzymes; it also mercury
initiation of seizure
inhibits heme synthesis
depakene (valproic acid) - causes
mercury -  Binds to proteins and
pancreatitis
inhibits many enzymes
phenobarbital - for slow acting
barbiturate to control seizure

digoxine
lidocaine
definitive method for testing of
quinidine
carbon monoxide?
procainamide
glc
-------match----------
cooximetry
common routes of drug BAL
alters cardiac ions
administration? reinsch test
for blood dyscrasia
for lupus like syndromes
oral, intravenous, intramuscular, cooximetry
decreased bp and cardiac output
subcutaenous
glc - reference method for carbon
digoxine - alters cardiac ions
monoxide
lidocaine - decreased bp and cardiac
BAL - (british anti-lewsite) arsenic
output
rescue and antidote for cyanide
quinidine - for blood dyscrasia
reinsch test - analysis of arsenic
procainamide - for lupus like
syndromes
 ingestion produces severe, acute
symptoms, similar to ethanol
intoxication, that persist for a long
period of time because _____ is
metabolized to acetone, which has a
long half-life. 
a. ethanol
b. methanol
c. isopropanol
d. ethylene glycol

distribution of drugs to the various c. isopropanol

tissues can typically occur between a for suicide
period of? ethanol - Chronic exposure is
chloramphenicol associated with toxic hepatitis and
10 minutes - 60 minutes fluoxitne cirrhosis. 
20minutes - 120 minutes theophylline methanol - Ingestion is related to
2 hours TCA severe acidosis, blindness, and even
4 hours death due to methanol conversion to
fluoxitne (prozac) formaldehyde, which is metabolized
20minutes - 120 minutes to formic acid. 
isopropanol - ingestion produces
severe, acute symptoms, similar
to ethanol intoxication, that
persist for a long period of time
because isopropanol is metabolized
to acetone, which has a long half-
life. 
ethylene glycol -  Ingestion
produces severe metabolic
acidosis and renal tubular
damage. 

interact with target sites and

produce a response match the correct barbiturates effects
a. acidic drugs
b. basic drugs amobarbital
interferes with platelet aggregation?
c. free drugs phenobarbital
d. most drugs secobarbital and pentobarbital
salicylate aspin
acetaminophen
c. free drugs ------------ match --------------
risperdal
neuroleptics
acidic drugs - primarily bind to short acting
albumin. intermediate acting
salicylate aspin
basic drugs - primarily bind to co- long acting
acid glycoprotein (AAG).
acetaminophen - leads to
free drugs - interact with target Phenobarbital = (long acting), 
hepatoxicity
sites and produce a response Amobarbital = (intermediate acting)
most drugs - this drug circulates Secobarbital and pentobarbital
in the blood bound to plasma = (short acting)
proteins
 may contaminate food or be inhaled,
absorbed through the skin, and
ingested via hand-to-mouth contact 
a. alcohols
match the type of opiates
b. carbon monoxide primarily bind to co-acid
c. cyanide glycoprotein (AAG).
-synthetic
d. pesticides  a. acidic drugs
-naturally occuring
b. basic drugs
-chemically modified
d. pesticides  c. free drugs
d. most drugs
------------ match --------------
alcohols - Volatile organic
substances b. basic drugs
-Demerol, methadone, darvon,
carbon monoxide - Toxic because
talwin, fentanyl
it binds very tightly to acidic drugs - primarily bind to
-Heroin, dilaudid, oxycodone
hemoglobin and does not allow albumin.
-Opium, morphine, codeine
oxygen to attach to the hemoglobin; basic drugs - primarily bind to co-
forms carboxyhemoglobin  acid glycoprotein (AAG).
Naturally occurring: Opium,
cyanide - Supertoxic substance free drugs - interact with target
morphine, codeine
with exposure occurring through sites and produce a response
Chemically modified: Heroin,
various routes, including oral most drugs - this drug circulates in
dilaudid, oxycodone
ingestion, inhalation, or transdermal the blood bound to plasma
Synthetic: Demerol, methadone,
absorption  proteins
darvon, talwin, fentanyl     
pesticides - may contaminate
food or be inhaled, absorbed
through the skin, and ingested
via hand-to-mouth contact 

sed to treat asthma and other

chronic obstructive pulmonary
disorders (COPD)
a. aminoglycosides
b. vancomyocin
c. lithium
d. tricyclic antidepresessants
e. theophylline specimens for drugs of abuse match

e. theophylline 10 mL specimens used to assess short term

30 mL exposure to arsenic
aminoglycosides - Used to treat 30-60 mL
infections caused by gram- 50 mL blood and urine
negative bacteria; include blood and hair
gentamicin, tobramycin, ------- match --------- urine and fingernails
kanamycin, and hair and fingernails
amikacin. kidney, ear problem urine 
vancomyocin - Used to treat blood blood and urine
infections caused by gram- saliva
positive bacteria long term exposure to arsenic - hair
lithium -  Used to treat manic urine = 30-60 mL and fingernails
depression blood =  10 mL
tricyclic antidepresessants saiva = 30 mL
- used in cases of depression,
insomnia, extreme apathy, and
loss of libido.
theophylline - Used to treat
asthma and other chronic
obstructive pulmonary
disorders (COPD)
 tca
fluoxitne
vancomycin
aminoglycosides
chloramphenicol
this drug circulates in the blood
-------- match --------- bound to plasma proteins
a. acidic drugs
assocaited with suicide the rate of administration of the b. basic drugs
associated with blood dyscrasia drug is equal to the rates of c. free drugs
associated with "red-man syndrome" metabolism and excretion, d. most drugs
associated with memory loss and allowing the drug level to remain
seizure constant d. most drugs
this antibiotic drug is associated with
nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity (loss single-dose administration acidic drugs - primarily bind to
of hearing balance) steady-state level albumin.
liberation basic drugs - primarily bind to co-
tca - associated with memory loss trough level acid glycoprotein (AAG).
and seizure free drugs - interact with target
fluoxitne - assocaited with suicide steady-state level sites and produce a response
vancomycin - associated with "red- most drugs - this drug circulates
man syndrome" in the blood bound to plasma
aminoglycosides - this antibiotic proteins
drug is associated with
nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity (loss
of hearing balance)
chloramphenicol - associated with
blood dyscrasia

toxic indicator match

used in cases of depression,
insomnia, extreme apathy, and
lead
loss of libido.
arsenic
a. aminoglycosides
cyanide
b. vancomyocin
mercury
c. lithium
cadmium
d. tricyclic antidepresessants
carbon monoxide
e. theophylline
toxic dose of lead?
------match------
d. tricyclic antidepresessants
<10 ug/dL 
●odor of bitter almonds
>0.5 mg/day aminoglycosides - Used to treat
●(+) GGT in urine sample
>0.5 g infections caused by gram-
●cherry red color of the face
>70 ug/dL negative bacteria; include
●odor of garlic breath, metallic taste
gentamicin, tobramycin,
●increased urine ALA, basophilic
>0.5 mg/day kanamycin, and
stippling
amikacin. kidney, ear problem
●loss of glomerular function and
lead fatal dose - 0.5 g vancomyocin - Used to treat
CNS effect
lead toxic blood level > 70 infections caused by gram-
ug/dL positive bacteria
lead - increased urine ALA,
CDC cut-off level <10ug/dL lithium -  Used to treat manic
basophilic stippling
(children) depression
arsenic - odor of garlic breath,
tricyclic antidepresessants
metallic taste
- used in cases of depression,
cyanide - odor of bitter almonds
insomnia, extreme apathy, and
mercury - loss of glomerular
loss of libido.
function and CNS effect
theophylline - Used to treat
cadmium - (+) GGT in urine
asthma and other chronic
sample
obstructive pulmonary
carbon monoxide - cherry red
disorders (COPD)
color of the face
used to destroy neoplastic cells.
a. glycosporine
b. tacrolimus
c. sirolimus
d. methotrexate

d. methotrexate what is the 2nd most common

what drug has a toxic effect that adulterant in drug screening?
glycosporine - Used to suppress causes pin-point pupils?
transplant rejections and graft- water
versus-host disease, peak levels amphetamine salt
in 4 - 6 hours cannbunoids sugar
tacrolimus - Used to suppress cocaine urine
transplant rejections and graft- opiates
versus-host disease (potency far salt
exceeds cyclosporine by a factor opiates
of 100)TOXICOLOGY 1st is water
sirolimus - Used to suppress
transplant rejections and graft-
versus-host disease, peak levels
in 2hours
methotrexate - used to destroy
neoplastic cells.