880 PDF
880 PDF
880 PDF
This following provides information on the Model 880 OMEGA radiographic exposure
device and identifies differences for this device not currently addressed in MAN-027.
The Model 880 OMEGA general description is identical to all other Model 880 source
projectors except for the following:
This sheet must be included with all copies of the above referenced manual.
The system must be operated only by trained and qualified radiographers who have
read and understand this Operating Manual or by trained assistants working under their
direct supervision.
WARNING
The use of this radiographic exposure device by unqualified personnel or when safety
procedures are not fully met, could result in life-threatening dangers.
Gamma radiography systems emit high levels of highly penetrating radiation during use.
An unshielded radiation source at close range can cause injury, sickness or death to anyone
who is exposed to it even for a short period of time.
A radiation source (or an unshielded source assembly) must NOT be touched by the hands
under any circumstances.
Since gamma radiation cannot be detected by the human senses, strict operating and
emergency procedures must be followed. The proper use of calibrated and operable survey
meters must be employed to avoid potentially dangerous levels of radiation exposure.
Proper dosimetry including film badges or thermoluminescent dosimeters,
direct reading pocket dosimeters and audible alarm ratemeters must be worn during all
radiographic operations.
During use of this radiography system, never assume the position of the radiation source.
Always conduct a thorough confirmatory survey using a calibrated and operable survey
meter to verify the location of the radiation source. Be reminded that a multitude of
overexposure incidents which include injuries are directly attributed to a failure of the
radiographer to perform or supervise an adequate confirmatory survey.
It is very important and required by national regulations to prevent access by unauthorized
persons to radiographic equipment and to the area where radiography is performed.
Take advantage of the three basic radiation protection methods to minimize
radiation exposure:
TIME
Spend less time near the radiation source.
DISTANCE
Increase your distance in a direction away from the radiation source.
SHIELDING
The use of effective shielding between you and the radiation source.
Do not perform any unauthorized modifications to the radiographic exposure device or
components of the radiography system.
It is important that trained and qualified radiographers perform or supervise a daily safety
inspection of the radiography system for obvious defects prior to operation of the system.
Do not use any components that are not approved for use with the radiography system or
after-market components that may compromise the safety designed into the system.
i
CONTENTS
ii
FRONT VIEW 880 Delta 150Ci (5.55TBq)
Outlet port Maximum package weight
Guide tube connector With jacket 52lb (24kg)
Without jacket 46lb (21kg)
REAR VIEW
Locking mechanism
Remote control connector
9in
229mm
13 .3in
338mm
7.5in
191mm
iii
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Protective
Plunger lock plastic jacket with
carrying handle
Applications
The Model 880 devices are used for industrial applications of gamma radiography, mainly
with Iridium-192, to inspect materials and structures in the density range of approximately
2.71g/cm3 through 8.53g/cm3. The Model 880 devices also accommodate low energy
isotopes to permit radiography of materials and structures of thin sections of steel and low-
density alloys. The Model 880 exposure devices are also designed for use with low activity
sources with high photon energies that are used for mass absorption (gamma scanning)
studies of high-density materials up to 18.7g/cm3.
Standard source assembly
Metallic Iridium-192 discs and pellets are doubly encapsulated in welded stainless steel or
titanium capsules. The sealed sources are designed and tested to achieve an ISO/ANSI minimum
classification of 77C43515 to comply with the IAEA and USDOT requirements for
‘Special Form’ radioactive material. The ISO/ANSI classification 77C43515 stated in this manual
refers to the complete source assembly. The inner capsule (excluding X.540N) has been tested to
ISO/ANSI 77C64515 and therefore meets all the requirements of the IAEA Transport Regulations.
The sealed source is swaged to one end of a source holder consisting of a short flexible steel
cable which has the female half of a connector at the other end, used for coupling to a
control cable connector. The source assembly also has a stainless steel stop-ball swaged onto it
slightly forward from the source holder's connector. The purpose of the stop-ball is to provide
mechanical positioning of the source assembly within the exposure device's shielding and to
provide a means of securing the source assembly in the exposure device's locking mechanism.
Model 880 Delta authorized contents
Isotope Assembly Gamma Half life Approximate Device/source
model energy steel working maximum
number range thickness capacity
Ytterbium-169 918 8-308keV 32 days 2-20mm 20Ci 0.74TBq
Selenium-75 A424-25W 66-401keV 120 days 3-29mm 80Ci 3.00TBq
Iridium-192 A424-9 206-612keV 74 days 12-63mm 150Ci 5.55TBq
Cobalt-60 A424-19 1.17-1.33MeV 5.27 years 50-150mm 65mCi 2.40GBq
Model 880 Sigma authorized contents
Isotope Assembly Gamma Half life Approximate Device/source
model energy steel working maximum
number range thickness capacity
Ytterbium-169 918 8-308keV 32 days 2-20mm 20Ci 0.74TBq
Selenium-75 A424-25W 66-401keV 120 days 3-29mm 80Ci 3.00TBq
Iridium-192 A424-9 206-612keV 74 days 12-63mm 130Ci 4.81TBq
Cobalt-60 A424-19 1.17-1.33MeV 5.27 years 50-150mm 25mCi 925MBq
Model 880 Elite authorized contents
Isotope Assembly Gamma Half life Approximate Device/source
model energy steel working maximum
number range thickness capacity
Ytterbium-169 918 8-308keV 32 days 2-20mm 20Ci 0.74TBq
Selenium-75 A424-25W 66-401keV 120 days 3-29mm 80Ci 3.00TBq
Iridium-192 A424-9 206-612keV 74 days 12-63mm 50Ci 1.85TBq
Cobalt-60 A424-19 1.17-1.33MeV 5.27 years 50-150mm 25mCi 925MBq
1.2
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Source output
At 1m per Ci (37GBq) At 1ft per Ci (37GBq)
Ytterbium-169 0.125R/hr 1.25mSv/hr 1.3R/hr/Ci 13.0mSv/hr
Selenium-75 0.203R/hr 2.03mSv/hr 2.2R/hr/Ci 22.0mSv/hr
Iridium-192 0.48R/hr 4.80mSv/hr 5.2R/hr/Ci 52.0mSv/hr
Cobalt-60 1.30R/hr 13.0mSv/hr 14.0R/hr/Ci 140mSv/hr
Selected attenuation data
Material Approximate Approximate half value thickness
material inches(mm)
density Ytterbium-169 Selenium-75 Iridium-192 Cobalt-60
Concrete 2.35g/cm3 1.140 (29.0) 1.180 (30.0) 1.700 (43.2) 2.400 (61.0)
Aluminum 2.65g/cm3 – 1.100 (27.0) – –
Steel 7.80g/cm3 0.170 (4.3) 0.315 (8.0) 0.512 (13.0) 0.827 (21.0)
Lead 11.34g/cm3 0.032 (0.8) 0.039 (1.0) 0.200 (5.1) 0.500 (12.7)
Tungsten 17.80g/cm3 – 0.032 (0.8) 0.130 (3.3) 0.310 (7.9)
DU 18.70g/cm3 – – 0.050 (1.3) 0.270 (6.8)
Operating distance
The distance between the remote control and the exposure head is determined by summing
the length of the remote control conduits plus the total length of source guide tubes used,
and normally should not exceed 47ft (14.2m).
Standard remote controls:
25ft (7.6m), 35ft (10.7m), 50ft (15m).
Standard source guide tubes (projection sheaths):
7ft (2.1m) set of three source guide tubes: 21ft total (6.3m).
NOTE
The total length of source guide tubes utilized must be shorter in length than the remote
controls to ensure the source assembly will project into the working position.
e.g. When using 25ft (7.6m) remote controls, a maximum of three
7ft (2.1m) source guide tubes can be used with a combined length of 21ft (6.4m).
Conversely, when using 35ft (10.7m) remote controls, a maximum of four
7ft (2.1m) source guide tubes can be utilized.
When using 50ft (15m) remote controls, a maximum of six 7ft (2.1m) source guide
tubes can be utilized. This limitation is due to the weight and friction of remote control
cable length.
1.3
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Control specifications
Complete remote control assemblies
Product code Model number Control cable length Unit weight
TAN66425 664/25 25ft (7.6m) 21lb (10kg)
TAN66435 664/35 35ft (10.7m) 24lb (11kg)
TAN66450 664/50 50ft (15.2m) 27lb (12kg)
TAN69325 693/25 25ft (7.6m) 21lb (10kg)
TAN69335 693/35 35ft (10.7m) 24lb (11kg)
TAN69350 693/50 50ft (15.2m) 27lb (27kg)
TAN69225 692/25 25ft (7.6m) 21lb (10kg)
TAN69235 692/35 35ft (10.7m) 24lb (11kg)
TAN69250 692/50 50ft (15.2m) 27lb (12kg)
88325 883/25 25ft (7.6m)
88335 883/35 35ft (10.7m)
88350 883/50 50ft (15.2m)
Model 664 control storage reel unit size
Length Width Height
21in (533mm) 12in (305mm) 6.6in (168mm)
Source guide tube (with source stop)
Product code Model number Length
TAN48906 48906 7ft (2.1m) male 1-18 threaded fitting
48906-X 48906-X Customer specified length
48931-7 48931-7 7ft (2.1m) with bayonet fitting
48931-X 48931-X Customer specified length
Source guide tube extension
Product code Model number Length
TAN48907 48907 7ft (2.1m) male/female 1-18 threaded fittings
48930-7 48930-7 7ft (2.1m) bayonet fitting/female 1-18
48930-X 48930-X Customer specified length
NOTE
X indicates customer can order lengths The Model 664 reel and 693 pistol-grip
other than the standard length. controls are equipped with odometers.
The Model 692 pistol-grip control
are not equipped with an odometer.
Exposure device specifications
Manufacturer Length
Sentinel - QSA Global, Inc. 13.33in (33.8cm) all models.
40 North Avenue, Burlington,
Massachusetts, USA 01803. Width
7.5in (19.1cm) all models.
Primary application
Industrial gamma radiography. Height
9in (22.9cm) all models.
Model number
Model 880 Delta, Model 880 Sigma
and Model 880 Elite.
1.4
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Prior to the initial use of the exposure device as a shipping container, the user must register
with the Transportation Certification Branch, Office of Nuclear Safety and Security,
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The user should have in his possession a copy of the
Certificate of Compliance issued for the exposure device, which may be obtained from
Sentinel, QSA Global, Inc. customer service centers upon request. This also applies to
users from Agreement States and other regulatory jurisdictions.
It is the responsibility of users of this equipment outside of the United States to comply
with all local, national and international regulatory, licensing and transportation rules and
regulations as they apply in their respective countries.
Warranty and limitation of liability
QSA Global, Inc. (herein referred to as the manufacturer) warrants its product
which it manufactures and sells to be free from defects in material and workmanship
for a period of one year from the date of shipment. This warranty shall not apply to any
product or parts which have been subjected to misuse, improper installation, repair,
alteration, neglect, accident, abnormal conditions of operation, or use in any manner
contrary to instructions.
The manufacturer's liability under such warranty shall be limited to replacing or repairing,
at its option, any parts found to be defective in such respects, which are returned
to the manufacturer, transportation prepaid; or at its option, to returning the purchase
price thereof.
The warranty on other manufacturer's components shall be that of the original manufacturer
whose warranty shall be binding.
In no event shall the manufacturer be liable for any incidental or consequential damages,
whether or not such damages are alleged to have resulted from the use of such product in
accordance with instructions given by or referred to by the manufacturer.
QSA Global, Inc. assumes no liability or responsibility for the usage of any
radioactive material or device generating penetrating radiation used in connection with this
product. The use of such material or generators in any manner other than prescribed in the
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission or equivalent Agreement State or permitted by any
regulation of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission or State Regulation may constitute a
violation of such license terms.
All other warranties, except those warranties expressly stated herein, including without
limitation warranties of, merchantability and implied warranties of fitness,
are expressly excluded.
The warranty on this device is specifically limited to its use only with sealed sources and
connectors, parts, and accessories manufactured by QSA Global, Inc.
QSA Global, Inc. has received equipment approvals for the Model 880 Delta,
Sigma and Elite systems from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, the USNRC
Transportation Branch, The U.S. Department of Transportation, and the Canadian Nuclear
Safety Commission. This requires use of Agreement State or USNRC registered and
approved remote controls, control cables, projection sheaths, sealed source assemblies,
remote control cranks used in conjunction with the Model 880 Delta, Sigma or Elite.
For additional information on compliance with Type B(U) certifications, USNRC 10CFR34,
ANSI N432-1980 or ISO 3999-1:2000(E) please contact QSA Global, Inc.
Sentinel, QSA Global, Inc. shall not be liable for any errors or omissions contained
herein and the provision by Sentinel, QSA Global, Inc. of the information set out in
this manual does not in itself constitute acceptance of any liability on the part of Sentinel,
QSA Global, Inc.
1.6
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
QCP385 issue 2
Job site safety precautions
Instruments
The radiographer and his assistant must at all times wear a film badge or TLD and pocket
dosimeter with a range of 0-200mRem (0-2mSv). Regulatory requirements in the USA also
require that an audible alarm ratemeter be worn at temporary jobsites. Specifically, those
locations that are not permanent radiographic installations equipped with functional door
interlocks and audible/visual alarms.
Radiographers in the USA must also have a survey meter capable of measuring in the range
2mR/hr (20µSv/hr) up to 1,000mR/hr (10mSv/hr). Canadian regulations require that survey
meters used for industrial radiography be capable of measuring from 2µSv/hr (0.2mR/hr)
and up to 100mSv/hr (10R/hr). In any regulatory jurisdiction, always verify survey meter
requirements affecting the range and calibration requirements prior to engaging in
industrial radiography operations.
An audible ‘chirper’ pocket alarm may be required in some countries.
Restricted Area
Radiography must be performed only in a restricted area which is marked with the
appropriate radiation warning signs and secured against unauthorized entrance.
Distance
Since the source emits high levels of radiation it is good practice to operate the system from
as great a distance as possible.
Shielding
Whenever possible, situate the radiographic exposure area in a room with suitably thick
walls, floor, ceiling and doors. Whenever possible, the use of a collimator provides effective
shielding to reduce radiation levels outside of the central beam. It is recommended that
collimators be used at temporary job sites to minimize occupational exposure to radiation.
Surveillance
Radiography systems must be operated only by trained and qualified radiographers or
assistants working under their direct supervision. The radiographer must be physically
present at the site and able to control and limit access to the restricted area.
Locking
Keep the exposure device locked while assembling the system and when not being used to
perform radiography. Locked is defined as the exposure device's lock is fully engaged with
the key removed. Store the key in a secured location.
2.1
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
STEP 1
Exposure device survey
Check the operation of the survey meter by measuring the radiation level at the surface of
the exposure device. The radiation level measurement should not exceed 200mR/hr
(2mSv/hr) on any surface of the exposure device. Use this measurement for verification
surveys of the source assembly's return to fully shielded/secured position within the exposure
device after each radiographic exposure.
STEP 2
Source guide tube (projection sheath) layout
Ensure all source guide tubes that will be utilized have received a daily inspection according
to the daily inspection section of this manual. Position and secure the source stop (exposure
head) of the terminating source guide tube at the radiographic focal position using the
tripod stand and swivel clamps or some other secure and suitable means.
Ensure that a source stop (end stop) is in place on the terminating source guide tube.
Use a collimator (beam limiter) to limit the primary beam in unwanted directions.
Determine where the exposure device will be positioned and lay out the source guide tubes
as straight as possible, with no bend radius less than 20in (0.5m) to avoid restricting the
movement of the source assembly.
Make sure that the source guide tubes do not contact any heated surface greater than
140ºF (60°C).
Avoid any risk of crushing the source guide tube(s) by falling objects, vehicles or doorways
during set-up and during radiographic exposure.
2.2
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
STEP 2
Connecting the source guide tube(s)
2.3
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
STEP 2
WARNING
Ensure that the available length of the control cable is greater than the total length
of the source guide tubes. See the technical specifications section for details.
If the remote control conduits are shorter than the total length of the
source guide tubes:
1 The source assembly cannot be projected all the way to the source stop of the
terminating source guide tube and be correctly positioned for the exposure.
2 The source assembly may not reach a collimator; therefore, restricted area dose rates
may be higher than expected.
3 The control cable may be cranked right off the drive wheel of remote controls
that are not be fitted with a safety retaining spring. This scenario must be treated
as an EMERGENCY.
STEP 3
Remote control conduit layout
Lay out the remote control conduits as straight as possible, with no bend radii less than
about 36in (approximately 1m).
Avoid any risk of crushing the remote control conduits by falling objects, moving vehicles or
closing doors, etc.
The remote control crank mechanism (operator's hand-crank) should be placed as far away
from the source focal position as possible (preferably behind shielding).
2.4
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
STEP 3
Connecting the remote control cable
2.5
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
STEP 3
Connecting the remote control cable
STEP 3
Connecting the remote control cable
2.7
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
STEP 4
Projecting and retracting the source assembly
1 Unlocking
If engaged, unlock the exposure device's
plunger lock with the key.
2.8
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
STEP 4
Projecting
Rapidly rotate the control crank handle in the EXPOSE direction (counter-clockwise) to move
the source assembly out of the exposure device to the radiographic focal position.
The control crank handle will stop turning when the source reaches the source stop.
Do not use excessive force.
The odometer (if fitted) will indicate the approximate total distance traveled,
7ft (2.1m) for each guide tube section.
Set the brake to ON to prevent movement of the source assembly during the
radiographic exposure.
Start timing the radiographic exposure from the moment the source assembly reaches
the exposure head.
Survey meter readings observed during the projection operation should increase
rapidly from background to a high level as the source emerges from the projector.
Then readings should fall as the source moves out towards the focal point,
fall sharply as the source enters a collimator (if used) and remain steady throughout
the exposure.
Actual survey meter readings will depend on the source activity, distance, collimators
and shielding. The sequence of changes should be observed and the readings noted.
During retraction of the source assembly from the exposure head to the exposure device,
the sequence will reverse. The survey meter should indicate a continually increasing
radiation level as the source assembly is retracted, then drop to background when the
source assembly is stored in the exposure device.
During the radiographic exposure, use the survey meter to check the boundary dose
rate, but spend as little time as possible in and near the restricted area to minimize
personal exposure.
2.9
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
STEP 4
Retracting
At the end of the required exposure time, set the brake to OFF and rapidly turn
the crank handle in the RETRACT (clockwise) direction until it no longer moves.
You may hear the lock slide ‘click’ back into its original position depending on
the ambient noise level at the job site. From the control crank you may be able
to observe the GREEN MARKING on the slide bar.
Apply a slight amount of forward pressure on the crank handle as if to expose
the source to ensure that the positive locking mechanism has actuated.
Allow the crank handle to return to a neutral position, thereby relieving any tension
(force) on the control cable that would cause source movement when unlocking the
projector. At this point, the source cannot be moved out of the stored position.
In the unlikely event the lock slide moves toward the lock position before the source is
fully stored in the exposure device, turn the crank handle in the RETRACT (clockwise)
direction until it stops turning. (The lock slide is designed to lock on the stop ball, not the
control cable). Do not use excessive force. The source assembly will be in the exposure device
but not in the fully shielded position. Approach the exposure device, from the rear, with a
survey meter. The survey meter will measure approximately 40mR/hr (400µSv/hr) at the rear
plate of the exposure device when a 100Ci. (3.7TBq) source is in use.
CAUTION
Remain clear of the front of the exposure device (outlet port side) to minimize personal
exposure. Reset the lock slide to the open position. Return to the control crank and turn the
crank handle in the RETRACT (clockwise) direction and store the source assembly in the
normal manner.
The odometer (if supplied) should read approximately zero when the source assembly has
returned to the projector.
Confirmatory survey
Approach the exposure device while observing the survey meter - observe the
GREEN MARKING on the lock slide and survey the exposure device. The survey meter should
indicate the same radiation level as observed before the exposure. Note particularly the
outlet port reading.
Survey the entire length of source guide tube with the survey meter. If the meter shows a
sharp increase, the source is exposed or incompletely shielded.
If the source is still exposed, attempt to store it properly by cranking the source a short
distance toward the exposure head and retracting it, repeating if necessary.
Locking the exposure device
When the source assembly is properly stored in the projector, rotate the selector ring
from the OPERATE position to the LOCK position and secure it with the plunger lock.
Remove and safeguard key.
WARNING
If after several attempts to return the source assembly, the selector ring cannot be
rotated to the lock position (do not use excessive force) or the lock slide is not
actuated, one must suspect an accident in which the source assembly may have
become disconnected or stuck outside the projector, giving rise to a very high
radiation field. Treat the situation as an EMERGENCY.
2.10
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
STEP 5
Dismantling equipment
Remote control unit
Unlock the exposure device and then rotate the selector ring from LOCK to CONNECT.
The remote control connector will partially disengage from the exposure device's
locking mechanism.
Completely disengage the remote controls from the exposure device by disengaging the
control cable connector from the source assembly connector. Place the protective cover
over the remote control's connecting plug assembly to exclude dirt and protect the control
cable connector from damage. Roll the remote control conduits loosely for easier handling
and transport.
Reinstall the locking mechanism's protective cover, hold in place and rotate the selector
ring to the LOCK position. Push in the plunger lock and remove the key to lock the
exposure device.
Source guide tubes
Remove the source guide tube attached to the exposure device outlet port by:
1 Rotating the spring-loaded outlet cover 60 degrees in a counter-clockwise direction.
2 Grasp the source guide tube fitting and rotate a quarter of a turn in a clockwise direction.
This action will allow removal of the source guide tube from the outlet port.
3 Simultaneously pull and rotate the spring-loaded outlet port cover a quarter of a turn in a
counter-clockwise direction.
Place the protective covers on the fittings of each source guide tube used to exclude dirt and
protect the swaged fittings. Source guide tubes should be rolled up loosely for easier
handling and transport.
Surveying
After installing the locking mechanism’s protective cover and the outlet port cover, survey
the entire circumference of the exposure device with the survey meter to ensure the source
is fully shielded and properly secured. The survey should not measure more than 200mR/hr
(2mSv/hr) on any surface of the exposure device and should indicate the same measurement
as the initial survey.
Storage
Lock the exposure device and secure it in a clean dry storage area where it cannot
be tampered with or removed by unauthorized personnel. Perform a storage survey
on the surface of the exposure device to verify the dose rate is less than 200mR/hr
(2mSv/hr) and record.
A radioactive material warning notice must be posted on the door or entrance of
the storage area. The door or entrance must be locked to prevent access by
unauthorized personnel.
2.11
DAILY INSPECTION INSTRUCTIONS
Introduction
The QSA Global, Inc. Model 880 Delta, Sigma and Elite radiographic exposure
devices provide innovation to the most widely used family of radiographic exposure devices
utilized for on-site gamma radiography. The Model 880 series exposure devices are portable,
lightweight and permit use of several different isotopes commonly needed by the
nondestructive testing community.
The Model 880 is primarily designed for use with Iridium-192 sources for radiographic
inspection of steel and light alloys. Due to the advancements in radiographic inspection
techniques, additional source assemblies for the Model 880 are available with Selenium-75,
Ytterbium-169 and Cobalt-60. The use of these isotopes increases the capabilities of gamma
inspection techniques of specific materials by using a wider range of radiation energies to
achieve required inspection sensitivity.
The tubular stainless steel case of welded construction contains a cast radiation shield of
depleted uranium. One end of the exposure device houses a locking mechanism mounted
to the back plate from which the source assembly connector is accessible during usage.
The opposite end of the exposure device houses an outlet port mechanism which is
mounted to the front plate. The outlet port mechanism allows attachment of source guide
tube (projection sheath) without an elevation of radiation levels.
The Model 880 Delta may be used with suitable source assemblies up to a maximum activity
for the following listed isotopes:
Iridium-192: 150Ci (5.55TBq)
Ytterbium-169: 20Ci (0.74TBq)
Selenium-75: 80Ci (2.96TBq)
Cobalt-60: 0.065Ci (2.4GBq)
The Model 880 Sigma may be used with suitable source assemblies up to a maximum
activity for the following listed isotopes:
Iridium-192: 130Ci (4.81TBq)
Ytterbium-169: 20Ci (0.74TBq)
Selenium-75: 80Ci (2.96TBq)
Cobalt-60: 0.025Ci (925MBq)
The Model 880 Elite may be used with suitable source assemblies up to a maximum activity
for the following listed isotopes:
Iridium-192: 50Ci (1.85TBq)
Ytterbium-169: 20Ci (0.74TBq)
Selenium-75: 80Ci (2.96TBq)
Cobalt-60: 0.025Ci (925MBq)
A range of remote control units, source guide tubes (projection sheaths), collimators
(beam limiters), service replacement units and accessories are available for these systems.
3.1
DAILY INSPECTION INSTRUCTIONS
Operational features
1 Source assembly
A sealed source containing the radioactive material is swaged (crimped) to one end of a
flexible steel leader, commonly referred to as the source holder or pigtail. A steel stop-ball
and a steel connector are swaged to the opposite end of the source holder. The stop-ball
provides the means to secure the source assembly within the exposure device's locking
mechanism. The source assembly connector provides the means to attach the control cable
connector to enable remote projection and retraction of the source assembly. The source
assembly connector and projector locking mechanism are designed so that the sealed source
cannot be projected from the exposure device unless it has been properly coupled to the
control cable connector and the remote control. (See figure 3.1)
DANGER - IMPORTANT WARNING
The source assembly while in an unshielded position and the sealed source
containing the radioactive material must NOT be handled under any circumstances.
The unshielded source at close proximity can cause serious injury, sickness or death
to anyone exposed to it even for a short duration.
All specific model number source assemblies used in the Model 880 are designed and tested
for use in accordance to ISO/ANSI and USNRC requirements.
2 Exposure device
The source assembly is shown in the stored position in a titanium ‘S’ tube at the center
of the depleted Uranium shield of the exposure device. (See figure 3.2)
A remote control unit is shown with its control cable connector coupled to the
source assembly.
High density depleted Uranium shielding is used in the exposure device to provide good
radiological protection with minimal weight.
3.2
DAILY INSPECTION INSTRUCTIONS
A shielded outlet port cover mechanism permits a secure attachment of source guide tubes
(projection sheaths) without an elevation of radiation levels. The outlet port mechanism will
not allow the source assembly to be projected outside of the exposure device unless a
source guide tube has been properly attached to the outlet port. A three-step connection is
accomplished by completion of the following steps:
1 Pull and rotate the spring-loaded outlet port cover a quarter turn (from a 12 o'clock to a
3 o'clock position) in a clockwise direction. This action moves the protective cover away from
the outlet port to permit attachment of a source guide tube.
2 A bayonet-style fitting of the source guide tube is inserted into the outlet port and
rotated a quarter turn (from a 12 o'clock position to a 9 o'clock position) counter-clockwise.
A complete insertion and counter-clockwise rotation of the source guide tube fitting releases
the lock on an internal shielding rotor of the outlet port.
3 Rotate the spring-loaded cover an additional 60 degrees (from a 3 o'clock position to a
five o'clock position) in a clockwise direction until it stops. This last movement moves the
outlet port shield out of position and aligns a pass-through opening on the rotor with the
‘S’ tube and outlet port while simultaneously securing the source guide tube fitting to the
outlet port.
The design permits attachment of the source guide tubes without an elevation of radiation
intensity at the outlet port, minimizing the radiation exposure to the radiographer's hands.
The sealed source assembly cannot be exposed out of the exposure device unless a positive
connection of the source guide to the device has been accomplished.
The exposure device's locking mechanism provides three main safety features for the
radiographer during radiographic operations.
First, the locking mechanism requires a deliberate action to enable exposure of the source
assembly. This is accomplished by coupling the control cable connector to the source
assembly connector, coupling the remote control connector to the exposure device locking
mechanism and then pushing a lock slide from the SECURED position into the EXPOSE
position. The lock slide must be manually pushed into the EXPOSE position prior to each
radiographic exposure to enable operation of the remote control.
Source assembly
Sealed source
Control cable Exposure device
Figure 3.2 Source assembly in fully shielded position of radiographic exposure device
3.3
DAILY INSPECTION INSTRUCTIONS
Second, during termination of a radiographic exposure, the remote controls are used to
retract the source back into the exposure device. When the source assembly is returned to
the fully shielded position within the exposure device, the locking mechanism automatically
secures the source assembly, preventing the source assembly from being inadvertently
exposed from the fully shielded position. The automatic securing mechanism allows
movement of the exposure device with the remote controls attached at the job site while
preventing inadvertent exposure of the source assembly.
For the third feature, the controls cannot be removed from the exposure device locking
mechanism unless the source assembly has been returned to the fully shielded position
within the exposure device.
The complete radiography system consists of the radiographic exposure device containing
the source assembly, the remote controls, source guide tubes and collimators (beam limiters)
whenever possible.
The use of multiple source guide tubes must be a combined length shorter than the length
of the remote controls, e.g. if the remote controls are 25ft (7.6m) long, only 3 source guide
tubes can be utilized for a combined length of 21ft (6.4m). This consideration ensures the
source assembly will be fully projected to the source stop (exposure head).
The source assembly must never be projected until the equipment is properly connected and
all personnel have left the restricted area.
Transit mode
Rotating the handle of the remote control crank in the EXPOSE direction (counter-clockwise)
moves the source assembly out of the shielded position in the exposure device and into the
source guide tubes (projection sheaths). (See figure 3.3)
The source assembly is under positive mechanical control using the remote control crank.
The remote controls that are fitted with an odometer to provide an indication of the sealed
source’s position. The odometer reading should never be a substitute for the requirement
and proper use of a radiation survey meter.
Source assembly
Sealed source
Control cable Exposure device
3.4
DAILY INSPECTION INSTRUCTIONS
Exposure mode
When the source assembly reaches the exposure head at the radiographic working position,
the odometer will indicate (in feet and tenths of a foot) the approximate distance the sealed
source has traveled. (See figure 3.4)
To return the source assembly to the exposure device the crank handle is rotated in the
RETRACT direction (clockwise). When the source assembly is returned to the fully shielded
position within the exposure device, the locking mechanism automatically secures the source
assembly. The automatic securing mechanism will not permit exposure of the source
assembly unless the radiographer pushes the lock slide into the expose position.
The remote controls cannot be disconnected from the source assembly unless the source
assembly is fully retracted into the shielded position in the exposure device.
The system is designed for safe and reliable operation provided the system is properly used
and maintained.
Source assembly
Sealed source
Control cable Exposure device
3.5
DAILY INSPECTION INSTRUCTIONS
2 Inspect each length of source guide tube that will be used for cuts, inward dents and
heat damage. The inspection is primarily a visual one, but it should include the radiographer
using his hands to feel for the inward dents. This is necessary due to the fact the outer
material of the source guide tube is a flexible waterproof material that can mask dents.
During a visual-only inspection, a dent in the source guide tube may retain a circular
appearance on the exterior, while having an inward dent in the metallic conduit directly
below the waterproof material. This type of masked dent can be felt by the radiographer's
hands. Dents in the source guide tubes are the major cause of source hang-ups.
3 Inspect the attachment of the collimator to the source stop (exposure head) if used
during radiography.
Daily inspection of the remote controls
The remote control consists of a control crank, a control cable with a connector swaged at
one end, two control cable conduits and a connector plug assembly.
The control crank contains a diagonally cut, geared drive wheel that matches the outer
helical winding of the control cable. This worm-gear arrangement of the control crank drive
wheel and the control cable provides the radiographer with a reliable means to project and
retract the source assembly from and to the exposure device. The control crank is equipped
with a lever brake that retains the source assembly while in the exposure head. Beneath the
control crank is a label that indicates the direction for EXPOSE and RETRACT during use in
addition to ON and OFF positions for the brake. Control cranks are available with an
odometer to provide the radiographer with the approximate travel distance of the source
assembly. The travel distance is indicated in increments of feet and tenths of a foot.
Radiographers can count the number of rotations of the crank handle when using control
cranks that are not equipped with odometers to obtain an approximation of the travel distance.
One full revolution of the crank handle is equal to approximately 10in (25.4cm) of travel.
Two remote control conduits (sheaths, housings) are attached to the control crank.
One conduit contains the working side of the control cable that drives the source assembly
out of the exposure device and through the source guide tubes. The second conduit is the
reserve conduit containing the length of the control cable necessary for projection of the
source assembly. The remote control conduits provide a degree of protection of the control
cable against the elements common to the working environments that industrial
radiography is performed.
Attached to the opposite end of the remote control conduits is a connecting plug assembly
that is used for attachment of the remote controls to the locking mechanism of the
exposure device. The connecting plug assembly and the control cable connector are
designed with minimal tolerances. A connection of the source assembly connector to the
control cable connector must be completed before the remote control connecting plug
assembly can be attached to the locking mechanism of the exposure device. A protective
end-cover must be installed after use of the remote controls. The protective cover provides
protection to the connecting plug assembly and the control cable connector and prevents
the ingress of water, mud, sand or other foreign matter.
The control cable (drive cable) is a flexible, carbon steel cable with an outer helical winding.
The length of control cable is approximately twice the length of the remote controls.
Attached to one end of the control cable is a male connector. The control cable when used
in conjunction with the remote control as a system provides a positive mechanical control of
the source assembly at a distance. The control cable is a critical link for safe operation and is
the radiographer's only means of control over the source assembly. Therefore, the control
cable's storage, use, daily inspection and quarterly maintenance are critical elements to the
prevention of a control cable failure. In almost all cases, repairs for a control cable are not
possible, with the exception of replacing the control cable's Model 550 male connector every
five years. Damaged or defective control cables must not be used and removed from service.
3.7
DAILY INSPECTION INSTRUCTIONS
1 Remote control inspection: Uncoil the remote controls at the site. Inspect the control
crank to assure all screws are present and tightened and that the crank handle is properly
secured. If the control crank is equipped with an odometer, zero the odometer while the
control cable is fully retracted. Verify the odometer is fully functional.
Ensure the instructions on the control crank's label are legible. These instructions are
important to safety, especially when assistants are being trained or during an emergency.
Without the instructions it is conceivable a radiographer could become confused as to which
direction the crank handle must be turned to retract or expose the source.
Ensure the brake is operational. Resistance should be felt while rotating the crank handle
with the brake in the ON position. Inspect the control conduit fittings to verify they are
secured to the control crank.
2 Control conduit inspection: Inspect the control conduit where it is swaged onto the
fittings that mount on the control crank. There should be no evidence of cracks or breaks in
the yellow PVC sheath. Also, look for bulges in that area that result from repeated flexing.
Visually inspect the entire length of both control conduits looking for dents, cuts and
thermally damaged areas. During this inspection, the radiographer should use his hands to
feel for inward dents. Cuts and melted areas found on the control conduits should be sealed
with PVC tape to prevent against the ingress of water.
Inspect the control conduits where they are swaged to the swage fittings that are mounted
to the connecting plug assembly. There should be no evidence of cracks, breaks or bulges in
the yellow PVC sheath.
Remove the protective cover from the connecting plug assembly. Inspect the connecting
plug assembly to verify the movable jaws are not excessively loose and the connector collar
pins are not excessively loose or bent. Check the control sheath swage fittings to verify they
are not loose where they are joined to the connecting plug assembly.
3 Control cable inspection: Inspect the control cable connector as it protrudes out of the
connecting plug assembly. The control cable connector should not be bent or at an angle
exceeding 15 degrees relative to the control cable centerline. If a control cable connector
is repeatedly bent at an angle greater than 15 degrees, damage to the control cable may
be introduced by straightening the bend. Inspect the control cable (male) connector to
verify that the stem and ball of the connector is not bent or cracked. Using hand pressure,
attempt to twist the control cable connector from the control cable. If the control cable
connector can be twisted using hand pressure or appears bent or cracked, remove from
service and label as defective.
Pull approximately 12in (30.5cm) of control cable out of the connecting plug assembly and
inspect for the following anomalies directly behind the connector:
G Cuts, breaks, nicks or fraying of the spiral windings of the control cable.
G Uniformity of the spacing between the outer spiral windings. Also check for flattened
to test for flexibility or ‘spring’ of the control cable. A cable that has been subjected to
the flexibility test and remains in the bent position after the test provides an indication
of internal corrosion and must be removed from service.
G Verify that a light coating of mil-spec grease is present on the control cable. The light
coating of grease is necessary to prevent the penetration of water and chemicals that
can oxidize and permanently damage the control cable.
3.8
DAILY INSPECTION INSTRUCTIONS
Check for freedom of movement of the control cable within the remote controls by moving
the control crank handle back and forth approximately one-quarter turn. During this test,
take care to avoid cranking the control cable onto the ground exposing it to dirt and sand.
If any resistance is felt during this check, re-inspect the control conduits for dents or
depressions. If dents are not present on the remote control conduits, the control cable may
be rusted stiff somewhere within the control conduits. Do not use remote controls that do
not function properly or exhibit defects described above.
A final check of the control cable connector and source assembly connector is accomplished
by use of a Model 550 NO GO gauge to check for significant wear on the connectors that
would affect safety. Without using excessive force, check the following four positions:
1 The ball at the end of the control cable connector must NOT GO into the hole of
the gauge.
2 The shank or stem of the control cable connector must NOT GO into the smaller of
the two notches located on the side of the gauge.
3 The width of the gauge must NOT GO into the female slot of the source
assembly connector.
4 After a positive connection between the control cable and source assembly connectors
has been accomplished, verify that the larger notch located on the side of the gauge will
NOT GO in the gap between the joined connectors.
Replace any components that fail any of the NO GO gauge tests, because a
failure indicates significant wear that could allow safety features of the design to
be defeated.
IMPORTANT REMINDER
Do not compromise on safety. Always perform a daily inspection of the exposure
device, projection sheaths and remote controls prior to use.
Defective equipment that is discovered during the daily inspection must be removed
from service until repaired or replaced.
Connector 4
gap width 3 Female slot width
3.9
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS
QCP386 issue 2
Quarterly (routine) and annual (complete) maintenance requirements
Radiographic exposure devices and associated equipment must be maintained regularly by
trained and qualified personnel to ensure consistent and safe operation of the radiographic
system. The routine inspection and maintenance also ensures the integrity of the Type B(U)
transport packages are maintained in compliance with the Type B(U) package, Certification
Number USA/9296/B(U)-XX (for XX, enter either 85 or 96 according to the package certification).
Manufacturers base the recommended inspection and maintenance requirements on the
system's design, application, materials, anticipated work cycles, environmental factors of use
under the normal and abnormal conditions of industrial radiography and while in the
transport system. A program of systematic maintenance will prolong the working life of the
radiographic exposure device and associated equipment in addition to ensuring safety
during use. By most national regulations, routine maintenance of the systems is required at
intervals not to exceed 3 months in addition to the radiographer's daily inspections for
obvious defects. The complete annual servicing ensures the integrity of the system.
Maintenance program administrators must recognize the need for maintenance intervals
that are less than the required 3 month interval especially in cases where the systems are
used in severe environmental conditions. Maintenance program administrators must ensure
the systems are completely serviced immediately after certain jobs in severe conditions.
Extreme or severe conditions may include, but is not limited to:
G Conditions where the equipment was immersed in water or mud.
The routine maintenance performed every 3 months requires partial disassembly, cleaning,
inspection, re-lubrication and operational checks of the system. The complete maintenance
(performed once a year) involves a complete disassembly, cleaning, inspection, re-lubrication
and operational tests of the entire system.
Equipment maintenance can be performed by trained and qualified individuals within the
licensee's organization. QSA Global, Inc. service engineers are available to provide
maintenance on the systems at the licensee's premises or at one of the service centers.
Routine (quarterly) maintenance requirements
1 Remote controls
Disassemble, clean, inspect and maintain the remote control crank, control conduits and
control cable according to the complete service section. Record the results of the inspection
and any repairs that are performed. Any components found to be deficient during the
inspection must be removed from service until repaired or replaced. Deficient components
must be labeled with a status indicator to prevent inadvertent use.
2 Source guide tubes
Clean and inspect the source guide tubes in accordance to the complete service section.
Record the results of the inspection and any repairs that are performed. All source guide
tubes found to be deficient during this inspection must be removed from service and
sent to a service center for repairs. Deficient components must be tagged with a status
indicator to prevent inadvertent use.
3 Radiographic exposure device
Clean and inspect the exposure device for wear and obvious damage. Record any defects
that might affect safe operation of the exposure device. If deficiencies are found during this
4.1
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS
maintenance, the exposure device must be withdrawn from service until repairs are
accomplished and the results of subsequent operational tests and inspection are satisfactory.
Inspect the radiography system for the following using a ‘satisfactory’ or ‘deficient’ criteria:
1 Survey the surface of the exposure device to ensure the measurable dose/rate is less than
200mR/hr (2mSv/hr). Remove the device from service if the dose/rate exceeds this limit.
Contact QSA Global, Inc. for guidance.
2 Ensure the metal identification tag for the radioisotope is legible and securely fastened to
the exposure device. Do not cover the tag with any other labels.
3 Ensure the label containing the device model number, serial number, Type B certification
number and the trefoil with the warning ‘Caution or Danger, Radioactive Material’ is legible
from a distance of 3ft (approximately 1m) and securely fastened to the exposure device.
Do not cover the required warnings with any other labels. Ensure the labels applied for
transportation are legible.
4 Check the welded stainless steel end plates of the exposure device for weld failure
(cracks, etc.) behind the back plate (locking mechanism) or the front plate (outlet port).
Ensure the handle, the bottom contact surfaces and the sides comprising the plastic jacket
of the exposure device are intact. Check the bottom contact surfaces of the jacket to ensure
the contact area is not excessively worn allowing contact of the stainless steel body with
the work surface. If any deficiencies are found during this inspection, repairs can be
accomplished at an QSA Global service center.
5 Check the outlet port for proper function by attaching and removing a source guide tube.
The operation should be smooth and resistance free. If there is any resistance or ‘crunchy’
feeling noticed during attachment or removal of the source guide tube or during movement
of the outlet port cover, this indicates excessive amounts of sand or dirt within the
mechanism. The outlet port mechanism must be removed, cleaned and lubricated according
to the complete service instructions.
6 Check the locking mechanism and plunger lock to verify attachment and operation.
Grasp the entire mechanism with one hand and attempt to shift the mechanism.
Retaining screws that have been loosened from excessive vibration or improper maintenance
will allow the movement of the locking mechanism during this check. Loose screws must be
tightened according to the annual maintenance requirements prior to use or transport.
7 Use the Model 550 NO GO gauge to check for wear on the remote control cable
connector and the source assembly connector. Replace components that fail any of
these tests.
8 Operationally check the locking mechanism and then the function of the entire system
during the first radiographic exposure of the work shift while within a restricted area.
Operation of the radiographic system verifies both the locking mechanism and entire system
operates smoothly and freely. If operation is faulty, remove the exposure device from service
and perform the complete annual maintenance.
Routine (quarterly) maintenance records
Records of all equipment inspected and maintained during the routine maintenance must be
recorded. Records should indicate:
G The date of inspection and maintenance.
parts installed.
4.2
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS
2 Prepare a Model 518 wipe test swab according to the instruction sheet. Fill in all required
information for the on the leak test form. Omission of the isotope, source model and serial
number, etc. will delay processing of the wipe test.
3 Install service bayonet fitting (part no. 88049) into the outlet port and rotate the cover to
allow the wipe test wand to enter the ‘S’ tube.
4 Fully insert the wipe test wand into the ‘S’ tube and move back and forth to obtain
the sample.
5 Carefully withdraw the wipe test swab from the outlet port while observing the survey
instrument. Withdraw the plastic bag over the wipe test wand without touching.
Always assume the sample is contaminated.
6 Remove the service bayonet fitting from the outlet port and rotate the outlet port cover
into the closed position.
7 In a low background (no radiation) area, switch the survey meter to the lowest scale and
obtain a background measurement. Leaving the survey meter stationary, move the plastic
wrapped swab towards the survey meter's detector to determine if a gross quantity of
contamination is on the wipe test. If the survey meter measures greater 0.1mR/hr (1µSv/hr),
contact QSA Global, Inc. for instructions. If there is no measurable increase above
background, the sample may be sent to a laboratory for radio-assay. The laboratory will send
a leak test certificate after performing the radio-assay. Retain this certificate in your records.
In the event you are informed by the radio-assay laboratory that your leak test results
indicate greater than 0.005µCi (>185Bq), you must immediately remove from service the
radioactive sealed source, the exposure device and all remote controls, source guide tubes,
collimators, lab stands, etc. that were used in conjunction with that sealed source. You must
cause the equipment to be repaired or decontaminated and notify the regulatory agency
(USA) within 5 days. Contact the sealed source manufacturer for assistance.
Leak test for depleted Uranium (DU)
Some regulatory jurisdictions require periodic leak tests every twelve months of all
projection-type exposure devices that utilize DU for shielding. The purpose of the leak test is
to detect the long-term wear through of the device's source tube that may consequently
expose the DU shielding. A wipe-test wand that is both flexible and long enough to reach a
bend radius or a wear point is required to perform a leak test. The wand enables direct
contact with the DU where the device's source tube has worn through. A direct wipe of the
DU is required due to the low specific activity of depleted uranium. The wipe test for DU is
obtained in the same fashion as a leak test of a sealed source utilizing the same radiation
safety procedures. Straight-through source tube may require transferring the source
assembly into a source changer to safely accomplish the DU wipe test.
The analysis performed on the wipe test must be capable of detecting the presence of
0.005µCi (185Bq) of radioactive material on the test sample. If the test sample reveals
0.005µCi (185Bq) or more of removable DU contamination, the exposure device must be
removed from service until an evaluation of the wear on the ‘S’ tube has been made. Should
the evaluation reveal that the source tube is worn through, the exposure device may not be
used again.
DU shielded devices do not have to be tested for DU contamination while in storage and
not in use. Before using or transferring a device that has been in storage for more than
12 months, the exposure device must be leak tested for DU contamination prior to use or
transfer. Please contact QSA Global, Inc. if you require leak test kits, radio-assay services
or assistance in the disposal of worn through exposure devices.
4.4
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS
Annual maintenance for the Model 880 Delta, Model 880 Sigma
and Model 880 Elite exposure devices
Tools required for Model 880 complete maintenance
G 5/32in Allen wrench for the 10-32 socket head lock mount and selector-ring screws.
G 3/32in Allen wrench for the socket head plunger lock screw.
G Number 30 drill bit and pop-rivet gun for removal and installation of 1/8in s/s rivets.
G Tamperproof tool bit for back plate and front plate 5/16 in-18 screws.
G Calibrated torque wrench (in/lb) for locking mechanism's socket head screws.
G Model A424-9 XL mock source assembly and short length control cable for
G Recommended solvents for cleaning and degreasing operations: clean mineral spirits.
(Follow manufacturers safety precautions for use, handling, storage and disposal.)
G Clean lint-free rags.
G 12-gauge gun patches or any lint-free cloth for cleaning the ‘S’ tube.
G Large pan for use in cleaning and degreasing the remote control cable and
mechanical parts.
G Stainless steel, brass or synthetic bristle brush to be used during degreasing and
cleaning of parts.
G Light viscosity oil, such as 3-in-1™ oil to lubricate plunger lock.
4.5
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS
Model 880 Delta, Model 880 Sigma and Model 880 Elite
annual maintenance requirements
Model 880 Delta, Sigma and Elite exposure devices must receive inspection and maintenance
at least once a year.
The locking mechanism and outlet port mechanism must be removed from the exposure
device and disassembled for proper cleaning, inspection and lubrication on components that
are critical to safety.
These procedures can only be performed on an empty exposure device, which requires
transfer of the radioactive source assembly into an approved storage container.
The inspection and maintenance procedures must be performed by personnel specifically
trained and qualified for this work. QSA Global service engineers will service these
systems at one of their service centers or in the field upon request.
Trained and qualified personnel who wish to perform this work should use the
following procedure:
1 Perform a daily inspection of the system and transfer the radioactive source assembly
into an approved storage container. Disengage remote controls and source guide tubes.
The exposure device must be empty for the following steps. (See page 4.3)
2 Remove the four 5/16 -18 x 11/2in socket button-head screws that retain the locking
mechanism plate from the empty Model 880 device using the tamperproof tool bit mounted
in a ratchet.
3 Remove the 10-32 socket head screws that retain the selector-ring and plunger lock
housing from the mounting plate using a 5/32in Allen wrench.
4 Disassemble the locking mechanism assembly, taking care not to lose the spring loaded
parts. Place the disassembled locking mechanism components into a pan filled with fresh,
clean solvent. Clean all parts using a brush to dislodge any dirt or grease. Remove cleaned
parts from the solvent bath, dry and place on a clean surface. Inspect all parts for wear.
Replace worn parts as necessary.
Discard all used locking mechanism springs and replace with new springs.
When ordering spare parts, quote the model and serial number of the exposure device as
well as the part number to ensure correct replacement.
Remove the lock retainer from the mounting plate by unscrewing the two 10-32 x 1/2in
socket head screws using a 5/32in Allen wrench. Remove the plunger lock from the lock
retainer by removing the cap screw using a 3/32in Allen wrench. Clean the lock plunger,
lock retainer and springs in a solvent bath. Ensure the lock plunger is thoroughly rinsed to
remove all dust from the key tumblers. Removed the cleaned parts from the solvent bath
and dry thoroughly, using compressed air to dry the lock tumbler. Inspect all parts for wear.
Replace worn parts as necessary. Lubricate the plunger lock barrel and tumbler using two
drops of a light viscosity oil. Apply Vibratite™ thread sealant to the lock set screw and install.
Check the plunger lock for proper function by using the key to engage and unlock. Apply
Vibratite™ to the lock retainer's 10-32 x 1/2in screws, then mount the lock retainer to the
locking mechanism plate. Hand-tighten the screws using a 5/32in Allen wrench.
Apply a light coating of lubrication to the inside surfaces of the selector ring and selector
body using MIL-G-23827B or C, MIL-PRF-23827C grease or equivalent radiation resistant
grease. Do not lubricate the lock slide and sleeve. Note that some types of greases may
undergo chemical changes and form tars when exposed to radiation.
4.6
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS
5 Begin assembly of the locking mechanism by lightly coating all components with
MIL-G-23827B or C, MIL-PRF-23827C grease. Treat all screw thread ends with Vibratite™ or
Locktite™ thread sealant.
Mount the locking mechanism plate horizontally in a vise or fixture with the plunger lock
and retainer at a 12 o'clock position. (Note: carefully mount the locking mechanism plate in
a vise or fixture so hands are free for the assembly procedure and no damage to the mount
plate will occur.)
The narrow end of the lock slide slot must be located at the 3 o'clock position. Locate the
lock slide and return spring into the mating slot of the selector body.
Place the selector ring with the word CONNECT at the 12 o'clock position, over the selector
body. Push the lock slide inward during placement of the selector ring for clearance.
Doing so will allow the selector ring to rest flush on the selector body. Insert the anti-
rotation lug springs at the top and bottom of the selector body. Place the anti-rotation
lugs over the springs.
Place the tungsten sleeve with the large diameter facing downward, on the center of the
lock slide. Place the compression spring over the sleeve.
Install the selector ring retainer into the selector ring. Verify that the three non-threaded
holes line up under the word CONNECT located on the selector ring. Depress the selector
ring retainer into the selector ring until it is flush with the top of the selector ring. Hold
the selector ring retainer firmly against the mounting plate until the 10-32 x 11/4in screws
are installed.
While firmly holding the locking mechanism against the mounting plate, turn the plate over
to expose the back side of the mounting plate. Install the four 10-32 x 11/4in socket head
screws to secure the mechanism to the mounting plate. Torque the socket head screws to
30in/lb (3.39Nm) + or - 5in/lb (0.57Nm) using a calibrated torque wrench.
6 Perform functional safety testing of the locking mechanism by the following:
Mount the locking mechanism plate vertically in a vise or mounting fixture with the plunger
lock at the 12 o'clock position.
Insert the ‘U- tool’ into the top and bottom holes of the selector assembly and rotate the
selector ring toward the OPERATE position.
Push the lock slide until the sleeve snaps into place.
While in the OPERATE position, wind out a short length of control cable and pass it through
the front of the selector assembly. Attach a mock source assembly or the test jumper
connector to the control cable connector and withdraw it into the selector assembly.
Pull on the section of control cable and confirm that the lock slide automatically secures the
connector. The lock slide must snap shut in a fast and smooth motion when triggered.
Verify the securement action of selector mechanism by attempting to both push and
pull the mock source assembly out of the selector mechanism while in the EXPOSE, LOCK
and CONNECT positions.
4.7
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS
Rotate the selector mechanism back to the OPERATE position and push in the lock slide to
ensure smooth operation and positive engagement. Attempt to push the lock slide towards
the SECURED position to test for a positive engagement of the lock slide. If a smooth
operation is not attained and/or the lock slide can be forced into the secured position by
testing for positive engagement, disassemble and thoroughly re-inspect for faulty
components. Thoroughly inspect all components for rough edges or burrs, etc. which could
cause jamming or irregular operation. Replace parts as necessary, re-lubricate and
reassemble the selector assembly. Repeat the functional safety testing to verify smooth and
safe operation of the selector mechanism. Do not install the serviced back plate
(lock mechanism) module to the exposure device at this point.
7 Remove the front plate containing the outlet port mechanism from the empty Model 880
device by removing the four 5/16 -18 x 11/2in socket button-head screws using the
tamperproof tool bit mounted in a ratchet.
After removing the outlet port mechanism, clean the ‘S’ tube of the exposure device by
pushing cloth swabs wetted with solvent through the ‘S’ tube until they come out clean.
Use a dry cloth swab to remove any residual solvent from the ‘S’ tube after cleaning.
Clean the exterior of the Model 880 using a mild detergent solution to remove all dirt and
grime. Visually inspect the exposure device's stainless steel end plates for weld failures
(cracks, etc.) on the locking mechanism and outlet port ends. Ensure the handle, the bottom
contact surfaces and sides comprising the plastic jacket are intact. Check the bottom
surfaces of the jacket to ensure the contact area is not excessively worn allowing contact of
the stainless steel body with a flat work surface. Additionally, if dents to the device's body or
flanges due to accidental drops are found during this inspection, these repairs must be
performed at an QSA Global service center.
Ensure that all of the information contained on the Model 880 label is legible. The trefoil
and the warning, ‘Caution or Danger, Radioactive Material’, must be legible at a distance
of 3ft (approximately 1m). The model number, serial number and Type B certification
number must also be legible. For label replacement, remove the old label from the
exposure device by using a number 30 drill-bit mounted in a hand drill. Remove the rivet
heads used to fasten the label to the stainless steel body by drilling through the rivet head
just enough to allow the rivet head to rotate freely. Remove all rivet heads to remove label.
Install replacement label, install and use pop-rivet gun to seat new 1/8in x 3/16in stainless
steel rivets.
Disassemble the front plate (outlet port mechanism) by removing the set screw
(or roll pin) from the outlet port cover. Unscrew the two socket head cap screws from the
pivot disk. Remove and discard the two compression springs from the outlet port
mechanism and replace with new springs.
Clean all parts in solvent using a brush to dislodge all dust and dirt. Dry all components
thoroughly. Do not lubricate, leave all components completely dry.
Inspect for wear and burrs on the brass slider and rotor surfaces. Verify the tungsten port
shield is not loose within the rotor. If the port shield is loose, remove the set screw, apply
Vibratite™ thread sealant and retighten the set screw against the tungsten port shield.
If the port shield uses a roll pin, remove the roll pin and replace. Inspect the front plate's
outlet port for wear and burrs where the source guide tube bayonet fitting engages.
4.8
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS
Install new compression springs and assemble the outlet port mechanism. Apply Vibratite™
thread sealant to the socket head cap screws before tightening. Install a new set screw to
the outlet port cover.
After assembly of the front plate, perform the following safety function tests using a
bayonet source guide tube fitting. Pull the outlet port cover and rotate clockwise 90
degrees. Movement should be smooth and limited to a clockwise 90 degree turn. Insert a
bayonet fitting into the outlet port and rotate 90 degrees in a counter-clockwise direction.
Insertion and rotation of the bayonet fitting should be smooth and without snags. Rotate
the outlet port cover from a 3 o'clock position to a 5 o'clock position. This operation moves
the rotor from the port shield position to a pass through section of the rotor. Reverse the
operation to disengage the bayonet fitting. Repeat the function test three times to ensure
smooth operation.
8 Re-assemble the Model 880 exposure device by performing the following steps:
Apply Permantex™ anti-seize thread lubricant to the first several end threads of the back
plate’s (locking mechanism) four 5/16 -18 x 11/2in socket button-head screws. Align and attach
the locking mechanism assembly to the exposure device's end plate by installing the four
5/
16 -18 x 1 /2in screws using a tamperproof tool bit mounted in a calibrated torque wrench.
1
4.9
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS
G 1/2in open end wrench for the 5-16 control crank handle bolt.
G Slot screwdriver for the 10-32 remote control crank screws.
G 0.050in Allen wrench for the 4-40 set screw on the odometer knob on the Model 693
G Model 550 connector NO GO gauge for wear check of the control cable connector.
Materials required for complete maintenance of Models 692, 693, 664 remote controls:
G Clean solvent: fresh mineral spirits recommended for cleaning and degreasing remote
control mechanism, control cable and cleaning the control conduits internally.
(Follow manufacturers safety precautions for use, handling, storage and disposal.)
G Large pan for cleaning and degreasing the control crank assembly and control cable.
G Clean lint-free rags and detergent to clean the exterior of the control conduits.
resistant grease) for lubricating the control cable and control crank mechanism.
G Stainless steel, brass or synthetic bristle brush to clean control crank parts and the
control cable.
G Compressed air source and hand nozzle to blow dry the control cable internal Teflon™
control conduits.
G Safety glasses.
4.10
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS
G Rust (red oxide) on the inner and outer core of the cable.
G Uniformity of the spacing between the outer helical windings of the cable.
Check for flattened areas and excessive wear that reduces the cable's outer
diameter less than 0.183in (4.7mm).
G Perform a flexibility (spring) test of the cable by bending the connector end
of the cable into a ‘U’ shape and then releasing it. A cable that is bent/released and
does not spring back into an essentially straight shape is indicative of internal
corrosion of the cable. The cable must be removed from service.
G Carefully examine the cable in the area of the control crank assembly looking for
cuts, breaks, fraying, rust, unusual stiffness and uniformity of the spacing between
the outer spiral windings.
G Examine the entire length of cable looking for defects described above.
If a control cable is deemed as defective during this inspection, remove it from service and
tag it with a label to prevent inadvertent use.
The control cable (Model 550 male) connector must be replaced at intervals not to exceed
five (5) years. Maintenance program administrators must maintain traceability records for
replacement of all ‘Safety Class A’ designated components.
8 Lightly lubricate the control cable using MIL-G-23827B or C, MIL-PRF-23827C grease or
equivalent. Apply additional grease to the first 3ft (approximately 1m) of control cable
(male connector end).
9 Clean the exterior of the remote control conduits using clean rags and a detergent.
Remove all dirt and grease from the yellow polyvinyl conduits and swaged fittings.
Carefully inspect the entire length of remote control conduits for cuts and melted areas.
Repairs to cut or melted areas can accomplished by taping the area with 3M™ yellow
polyvinyl tape (or black polyvinyl electrical tape). The tape will prevent the ingress of water
and other liquid that would cause corrosion of the remote control conduit's inner braids and
the remote control cable. Look and feel for dents and depressions in the remote control
conduits. Minor dents can be rounded out by gently tapping the area with a small hammer.
Examine the control conduits where they protrude from the swage fittings, looking for
bulges or cracks in the polyvinyl. Remote control conduits with large dented areas or
cracks/ bulges near the swage fittings should be sent to the manufacturer for repairs.
4.11
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS
Clean the interior of both remote control conduits by pouring 4-5oz (100ml) of clean
solvent into one end. Use compressed air to blow the solvent through the entire length of
conduits into a clean white cloth attached to the opposite end. Repeat this cleaning process
until the solvent blown through the conduit comes out clean. Use the compressed air
to thoroughly dry the interior of the conduit. Residual solvent left in the remote control
conduit will dilute the lubrication applied to the remote control cable diminishing the
protective qualities.
Check the swage fittings to ensure the threads are not stripped and are clean. Using your
hands, attempt to twist or rotate the swage fittings off the control conduits. If any
movement is possible, the control conduit must be removed from service and new swage
fittings must be installed.
10 Remove the crank arm from the control crank assembly by removing the 5/16 in
hex bolt and washer.
While wearing safety glasses, carefully remove the control crank assembly from the handle
or frame by unscrewing the four bind head screws from the stop nuts.
Separate the two halves of the control crank housing.
CAUTION
Ensure the cable adapters stay in the bottom control crank housing during separation.
Care should be taken to avoid losing control of the tensioned wear strip that may fly out
during separation of the control crank housing. This is the reason why safety glasses
must be worn.
Disassemble and degrease the drive wheel, wear strip, the two cable adapters, the two
brake jaws, the two halves of the control crank housing and brake bearing. The wheel
bearings may be left in the control crank housing during cleaning, but care should be taken
not to lose the spacer rings that fit between the wheel bearings and the drive wheel as
applicable. Clean and inspect all parts for damage or wear and replace as necessary.
If applicable, remove the reset knob of the odometer by loosening the two Allen set screws,
then remove the odometer cover by removing the two bind head screws that fasten it to the
mounting plate. Do not disassemble the odometer.
Clean the helical gear of the odometer with solvent using a brush to dislodge any material
between the gear teeth. Check the odometer for proper operation: turning the gear should
turn the odometer but the odometer shaft should still be able to turn when the gear is held
fixed (for zeroing the odometer).
Clean the drive wheel in solvent using a brush to dislodge any dirt between gear teeth.
Inspect the drive wheel's gear teeth looking for broken or bent teeth. If the drive wheel has
broken or bent teeth, use a file to grind the tooth flush with the drive wheel. Up to three
consecutive teeth can be missing from the drive wheel before a replacement is required.
Light rust may be removed from the wear strip using fine sandpaper and machine oil.
Lightly grease the drive wheel hub, wheel bearings and the wear strip before reassembling.
Place one of the cable adapters in the lower control crank housing. Place one end of the
wear strip against the cable adapter then fit the rest in the track of the housing. Fit the
other cable adapter in place to retain the wear strip.
CAUTION
Wear safety glasses when inserting the wear strip. It will be under tension and could
suddenly fly out during assembly.
4.12
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS
Place the drive wheel in the lower half of the control crank housing making sure the spacer
rings are between it and the wheel bearings if applicable.
Assemble the two brake jaws, brake bearing and brake arm. The angled sides of the brake
jaws should be facing the retract side of the control crank housing.
Place the upper control crank housing over the assembly while keeping them level and press
them together.
Check the control crank mechanism is properly assembled by turning the shaft. It should
spin freely.
Check the operation of the friction brake while holding both halves of the control crank
housing together tightly. If it does not function correctly, check for faulty assembly or
excessively worn brake jaws.
As applicable, mount the control crank housing on the frame or handle with the four bind
head screws and stop nuts. Secure the crank arm to the shaft using the 5/16 in washer
and hex bolt.
For reel type controls, secure the odometer cover to the mounting plate with two bind head
screws. Secure the odometer's reset knob to the shaft by tightening the two Allen head
screws, leaving clearance between the knob and the cover.
After assembly, perform a check to ensure the control crank will turn freely. Set the brake
lever to the ON position and attempt to turn the handle using moderate pressure. Do not
apply excessive force. Run a section of the control cable through the control crank to ensure
the control crank operates easily without snags or resistance.
If applicable, make sure the odometer turns when the crank handle is turned.
If the odometer does not function during this test, check for improper assembly or
damaged parts.
11 Clean the 661 safety connector assembly using a brush and solvent. Ensure the movable
jaws of the safety connector are not excessively loose or worn where they swivel in the clevis
pins. Examine the connector collar for bent or loose connecting pins and excessive wear on
the inner-mating surface. Examine the face of the connector body where the control cable
protrudes and verify that long-term usage has not chamfered the area.
Re-assembly of the remote control unit:
Reattach the remote control conduits to the safety connector assembly. Attach the EXPOSE
sheath to the EXPOSE side of the control crank assembly.
Lay the remote control conduits out in a straight line or a wide loop. Feed the end of
the control cable into the conduit as far as it will go. As the control cable is being fed into
the remote control conduits, feel for any resistance that indicates damage of the remote
control conduit.
Turn the control crank handle in the RETRACT direction until the end of the control cable is
protruding. Screw the safety stop spring onto the end of the control cable approximately
2in (50mm) from the end.
Connect the RETRACT control housing to the control crank housing. Retract the control cable
fully, watching for any binding that may indicate damage to the control housing.
If applicable, reset the odometer to zero with the control cable fully retracted.
Replace the protective rubber cap over the end of the safety connector assembly.
4.13
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS
G Length of clean control cable to push A424-9 XL through a 7ft (2.1m) source guide tube.
G 1in-18 tap and 1in-18 die nut for male and female threads of the source guide tubes,
if required.
Materials required for maintenance of source guide tubes:
G Solvent: Clean mineral spirits to clean the source guide tubes internally.
G Clean lint-free cloths and detergent to clean the exterior of the source guide tubes.
resistant grease) to lubricate the swage fittings on the source guide tubes.
G Compressed air source and hand nozzle to blow dry the internal conduit of the
Misconnect test after reloading sealed source into the exposure device
After performing the annual maintenance, the complete locking system should be tested
by the maintenance program administrator or Radiation Safety Officer. A misconnect test
on the exposure device including the radioactive source assembly effectively tests the
integrity of the entire locking system. This procedure detects long-term wear (or damage)
of control and locking mechanism components including the control cable and sealed source
connectors simultaneously.
The test should only be performed by personnel that are formally trained, authorized and
thoroughly familiar with annual maintenance procedures. This test is performed by engaging
the remote control connecting plug assembly into the exposure device's locking mechanism
without first engaging the control cable connector within the source assembly connector.
The ability to then rotate the locking mechanism from the CONNECT position towards the
LOCK position indicates critical dimensions of the locking system are excessively worn
to a unsafe condition. Extreme care should be exercised to prevent rotating the locking
mechanism's selector ring beyond the LOCK position. If the locking mechanism and remote
controls fail a misconnect test the equipment must be removed from radiographic
operations. The equipment must not be used until repairs are performed and misconnect
test results are satisfactory.
During the performance of the misconnect test there is a risk of losing control of the
radioactive source assembly if:
G the components are excessively worn or damaged
G the person performing the test intentionally or inadvertently rotates the selector ring
parts installed.
4.15
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS
Model 880 Delta, Model 880 Sigma and Model 880 Elite safety class A components
Safety Class A designation items
Items that comprise the Model 880 Delta, Sigma or Elite radiographic exposure device and
associated equipment that are critical for safe radiological operation are classified as Class A
items or components. Class A items can be structures, components and systems whose
failure or function could directly result in a condition adversely affecting public health and
safety. This would include extreme conditions such as the loss of primary containment with a
subsequent release of radioactive material and or a loss of shielding creating a substantial
safety hazard. Replacement parts that are sent to you with a safety Class A designation are
clearly marked with lot numbers and contain instructions to maintain traceability.
Considerations of Safety Class A items
Users of the Model 880 Delta, Sigma and Elite exposure device and associated equipment
must recognize their responsibilities of maintaining the integrity of the Type B(U) package
and the control of Safety Class A items and components by:
G maintaining traceability of Class A replacement items or components to a specific
G promptly notifying the manufacturer in the event a Safety Class A item or component
which contains a defect or deviates from the original design specifications. This action
will initiate a formal evaluation of the defect or deviation.
4.16
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS
ITEM PART NUMBER QTY. DESCRIPTION ITEM PART NUMBER QTY. DESCRIPTION
15
18
19
20 17 13 DOUBLE APPLY 12
STACKED THREAD
LOCK
16
14
1 2 3 4
9 APPLY 11
THREAD
LOCK
5 6 7 10
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS
ITEM PART NUMBER QTY. DESCRIPTION ITEM PART NUMBER QTY. DESCRIPTION
88033A 1 PORT COVER (ROLL PIN TYPE) 9 SCR160 2 SOCKET HEAD CAP SCREW
APPLY
13 10 9 THREAD
LOCK
12 11
6 7 8
EQUAL
PROTRUSION
4 5
1 2 3
APPLY
THREAD
LOCK
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS
CONTROL ASSEMBLIES
ITEM PART NUMBER QTY. DESCRIPTION ITEM PART NUMBER QTY. DESCRIPTION
15 16 17 19
14 18
7 9
10
22
5 6
18
11 7 20 21 19
11 12 13
4
3 8 23 24
1
2
25
22 2
26
27
22
28
29
1
SAMPLE TRANSPORTATION INSTRUCTIONS
5.1
SAMPLE TRANSPORTATION INSTRUCTIONS
The selector ring must be in the LOCK position, the protective cover in place,
the plunger lock engaged and the key removed.
G Assure all screws are present and secured.
G Assure the ‘Danger, Radioactive Material’ label is securely attached and visible on
the package. Assure that the label is legible and not defaced.
G Assure the other information on label is legible (the warnings and trefoil, the model
3c If the source is not Special Form, you must make a contamination wipe test of the
exterior surface of the package. Wipe a representative surface of the package, covering an
area of approximately 300cm2, using a cloth patch and moderate pressure. Measure the
activity on the patch using the contamination monitor and assure that the activity does not
exceed 0.001microcurie (37Bq)/100cm2. If this limit is exceeded, notify the Radiation Safety
Officer immediately. Record the results of this contamination wipe test on the Receiving
Report. [10CFR20.1906(d)]
NOTE: If any of these limits are exceeded, the Radiation Safety Officer must immediately
notify the USNRC (or applicable agreement state agency) and the final delivering carrier.
4 Inspect the package for any evidence of physical damage. Record the results of this
inspection on the Receiving Report. Also record on the Receiving Report the date, source
model number, source serial number, radionuclide, activity, the individuals name making the
record, transport package model number, mass or activity of the depleted uranium and the
package serial number. [10CFR34.63]
5 Assure that the package is locked or place the package into an outer locked container.
Secure the package in accordance with your license requirements. [10CFR34.35, 10CFR34.23]
6 Keep a copy of the Operating Manual for the package on file to assure you have the
proper opening and handling instructions. Assure that the instructions are followed and any
noted special precautions are performed. [10CFR20.1906(e)]
Note: For licensees transporting special form sources in licensee owned or operated vehicles
to and from a work site are exempt from the contamination monitoring requirements.
The radiation survey required upon receipt must still be performed. [10CFR20.1906(f)]
Part C - Shipment of radioactive material
1 Prior to shipment of a Type B package within the USA, assure that you are a
registered user of the radioactive material package you wish to ship. Also, assure
that you have appropriate quality assurance procedures for Type B packages.
[10CFR71.12, 10CFR34.31(b)]
2 Pre-shipment training requirements
Prior to shipping hazardous materials, personnel must be trained in accordance with
49CFR172, Subpart H and be retrained every three years.
Training shall include:
G General awareness/familiarization training.
- Employee name.
- Date of most recent training.
- Description, copy or location of the training methods.
- Name of person performing training.
- Certification that person has been trained and tested.
Documentation should be kept in one file, i.e. all radiation safety related training used as
part of the Hazmat training should be included. 5.3
SAMPLE TRANSPORTATION INSTRUCTIONS
3 Prior to shipment assure the package and its contents meet the following requirements:
G The contents are authorized for use in the package.
G All locks or required shipping plugs are properly installed and seal wired where required.
G All conditions of the Type B(U) Certificate of Compliance or Type A approval are met.
[10CFR71.87]
NOTE: Quantities of special form radioactive material equal to or greater than
27Ci (1TBq) of Ir-192, 80Ci (3TBq) of Se-75 or 10.8Ci (0.4TBq) of Co-60 must be shipped
in Type B packages. Quantities less than these quantities can be shipped as Type A.
Type A testing documentation must be kept on file for one year after shipment.
G Maintain copies of the most current Type B, Type A and Special Form certification on file.
4 Assure that the source is secured in the proper shielded position in the shipping package
as described in the appropriate operations manual. Perform a pre-shipment inspection
(see Part A of these instructions) and verify conformance to the transport package certificate.
5 As applicable, attach a security seal with an identification mark to the package closure
that serves as a tamper indicator. [49CFR173.412(a)]
6 If the shipping package is to be packaged inside a crate or other outer packaging, the
outer packaging must be strong enough to withstand the normal conditions of transport
and must not reduce the safety of the package. The shipping package must be placed within
the outer package with sufficient blocking to prevent shifting during transportation.
[49CFR173.25]
7 Survey the exterior surfaces of the package and assure that the maximum radiation level
does not exceed 200mRem/hr (2mSv/hr). Survey 1m from the exterior surfaces of the
package and assure that the maximum radiation level does not exceed 10mRem/hr
(0.1mSv/hr). Determine the proper shipping labels to be applied to the package using the
criteria of table 1. [49CFR172.403]
NOTE: If shipping a Type B container inside an overpack or convenience box in the
back of a vehicle, survey and label both the inner Type B package and the overpack.
Placarding the vehicle is dependent on the category of label applied to the overpack
if used. [49CFR173.448]
Table 1
Maximum radiation Maximum radiation
level at surface level at 1m
Radioactive 0.5mRem/hr None
White I (0.005mSv/hr)
Radioactive 50mRem/hr 1.0mRem/hr
Yellow II (0.5mSv/hr) (0.01mSv/hr)
Radioactive 200mRem/hr 10mRem/hr
Yellow III (2mSv/hr) (0.1mSv/hr)
For a package, both the transport index (TI) and the surface radiation level conditions
shall be taken into account in determining which is the appropriate category of
radioactive material label. Where the TI satisfies the condition for one category but the
surface radiation level satisfies the condition for a different category, the package shall
be assigned to the higher category of the two. For this purpose, category White-I shall
be regarded as the lowest category.
The TI is the maximum radiation level measured in mRem/hr at a distance of 1m from
the external surfaces of the package. When recording the TI, the dose rate units of
mRem/hr are not listed, for example a reading of 2mRem/hr (20µSv/hr) would indicate
a TI = 2.0. (Note that the TI is rounded to the nearest tenth value.)
5.4
SAMPLE TRANSPORTATION INSTRUCTIONS
8 Properly complete two shipping labels indicating the contents (Iridium-192, Cobalt-60, etc.),
the activity of the source (in Becquerels or multiples of Becquerels, e.g. GigaBecquerels (GBq))
and the transport index. The transport index is used only on Yellow II and Yellow III labels
and is defined as the maximum radiation level in mRem/hr at 1m from the package surface
(see Table 1). [49CFR172.403(g)]
9 Assure that any old shipping labels have been removed from the package. Apply two
properly completed labels to two opposite sides of the package (excluding the bottom
surface). [49CFR172.403(f)]
10 For air shipments within the USA, the package must be labeled with ‘Cargo aircraft only’
labels. Ensure that these labels do not cover any other package markings or labels.
11 Mark the outside of the package with the proper shipping name and identification
number (Radioactive Material, Type B(U) Package UN2916 or Radioactive Material,
Type A Package, Special Form, UN3332)) if not already marked. Place the letters RQ
(stands for Reportable Quantity) next to the proper shipping name when shipping more than
10Ci (370GBq) of Ir-192, Se-75, Co-60, Yb-169, or 1Ci (37GBq) of Cs-137. [49CFR172.300]
NOTE: Effective January 1, 2004, shipments by Air will require the addition of
Air Eligibility markings adjacent to the proper shipping name. The marking must include the
symbol of an aircraft within a circle and may include the words, ‘Air Eligible’.
12 If the shipping package is inside a crate or other outer packaging, mark the outside package
‘Inside package complies with prescribed specifications’ and list the appropriate DOT specification
number or USNRC Type B(U) number and the words ‘Type A’ or ‘Type B’ as appropriate in letters a
minimum of ½in (13mm) high. [49CFR172.310; 49CFR173.471; 49CFR173.25]
NOTE: If shipping a Type A quantity of an isotope in a Type B package that is not approved
for that isotope, i.e. Co-60 in the model 660 device, you must cover the Type B labels with
the appropriate Type A information.
13 Assure that the levels of removable radioactive contamination on the outside surface of
the outer package do not exceed 0.00001 microcurie per cm2. [49CFR173.443]
14 If the package gross weight exceeds 110lb, mark the outside of the package with the
permissible gross weight. [IATA10.7.1.3.1]
15 Properly complete the shipping papers indicating:
a Proper shipping name, United Nations Class Number ‘7’, and identification number
(i.e. Radioactive Material, Type B(U) Package, Class 7, UN2916 or Radioactive Material,
Type A Package, Special Form, Class 7, UN3332).
b The letters RQ must appear next to the proper shipping name when shipping more than
10Ci (370GBq) of Ir-192, Se-75, Co-60, Yb-169 or 1Ci (37GBq) of Cs-137.
c Name of the radionuclide (i.e. Iridium-192, Selenium-75, Cobalt-60, Cesium-137).
d Physical or chemical form (i.e. Special Form).
e Activity of the source in Becquerels or other appropriate multiples of Becquerels on the
DOT label and the shipping papers.
NOTE: Number of Ci x 37 = number of GigaBecquerels (GBq).
f Category of label applied (i.e. Radioactive Yellow II).
g Transport Index.
h USNRC identification number or DOT specification number (i.e. USA/9296/B(U)-XX
(for XX, enter either 85 or 96 according to the package certification or DOT-7A).
i For export shipments, the IAEA identification number (i.e. USA/9296/B(U)-XX
(for XX, enter either 85 or 96 according to the package certification).
For Canadian shipments, include the Canadian Endorsement Number CDN/E199/-XX
(for XX, enter either 85 or 96 according to the package certification number)
for the package.
5.5
SAMPLE TRANSPORTATION INSTRUCTIONS
j Shipper's certification: ‘This is to certify that the above named materials are properly
classified, described, packaged, marked and labeled and are in proper condition for
transport according to the applicable regulations of the Department of Transportation.’
[49CFR172.204(a)]
For air shipments, the following shipper's certification may be used: ‘I hereby certify that
the contents of this consignment are fully and accurately described by proper shipping
name and are classified, packed, marked and labeled and are in proper condition for
carriage by air according to applicable national governmental regulations.’
For air shipments within the USA, the following statement: ‘This shipment is within the
limitations prescribed for cargo aircraft only’
NOTE: For shipments in company vehicles to and from job sites, the shippers certification
is not required.
k The shipping papers must indicate your company's emergency telephone number. The
telephone number must have 24-hour coverage in case of an emergency concerning your
shipment. The telephone number must be clearly visible on the shipping paper and must
be answered by a person that can provide immediate emergency response information.
Beepers and pagers are not acceptable.
16 For air shipments, the shipping papers must meet the requirements specified in IATA
for a Shipper's Declaration for Dangerous Goods. In addition to the information listed in
section 15 of this part, the following information needs to be specified:
a Air waybill number: Enter the number of the air waybill to which the declaration form
will be attached. (This may be amended by the carrier.)
b Aircraft limitations: Specify that the shipment is within the limitations for
‘Cargo aircraft only.’ A notation can be added in the handling information box of the
Shipper's Declaration which states ‘This shipment may be carried on passenger aircraft
outside U.S. jurisdiction’.
c Airport of departure: Enter the full name of the airport of city of departure, which may
be amended by the carrier.
d Airport of destination: Enter the full name of the airport or city of destination, which
may be amended by the carrier.
e Shipment type: Specify the shipment type as ‘Radioactive’.
f Under nature and quantity of dangerous goods, specify the number of packages (of same
type and content), their type of package and activity in Becquerels or multiples thereof
(units used must be clearly indicated) in each package, including packages in overpacks.
(If relevant) Indication of use of overpack and dimensions of the overpack (including
dimensional units). When an overpack is used, the wording ‘overpack used’ must be
inserted on the declaration form immediately after all the relevant entries relating to the
packages within the overpack. In such cases, packages within overpacks must be listed
first. Dimension units must be in multiples of meters.
g The 24-hour emergency number required by Step 15k of this part, must appear in the
‘Additional Handling Information’ section of the Declaration for Dangerous Goods.
h For shipment of special form radioactive material, the USDOT Special Form Certificate of
Competent Authority for the radioactive source must be included. (e.g. USA/0335/S).
The information on the Declaration for Dangerous Goods must be entered strictly in
accordance with the order specified in the latest edition of the International Air Transport
Association, Dangerous Goods Regulations. Questions regarding completion of a Shipper's
Declaration for Dangerous Goods should be directed to the Radiation Safety Officer.
5.6
SAMPLE TRANSPORTATION INSTRUCTIONS
(dummy connector without a serial number) to the male connector of the control cable.
G Retract the control cable and jumper and disconnect the controls from the
locking mechanism.
G Insert the protective cover into the locking mechanism, rotate the selector ring into the
source assembly.
G In some regulatory jurisdictions, ‘empty’ labels or tags must be attached to the
viii. The 24-hour emergency number required by Step 6bx of this part, must appear in
the ‘Additional Handling Information’ section of the Declaration for Dangerous Goods.
The information on the Declaration for Dangerous Goods must be entered strictly in
accordance with the order specified in the latest edition of the International Air Transport
Association, Dangerous Goods Regulations. Questions regarding completion of a Shipper's
Declaration for Dangerous Goods should be directed to the Radiation Safety Officer.
[49CFR172.402(b); 49CFR172.204(c)]
Part E - Shipment of empty packages which previously contained radioactive material
1 Assure that the package does not contain a radioactive source.
2 If the shipping package is to be placed inside a crate or other outer packaging, the outer
packaging must be strong enough to withstand the normal conditions of transport and
must not reduce the safety of the package. The shipping package must be placed within
the outer package with sufficient blocking to prevent shifting during transportation.
[49CFR173.25]
3 Assure that the levels of removable radioactive contamination on the outside surface
of the outer package do not exceed 0.001 microcurie per 100cm2. Assure that the levels of
radioactive contamination on the inside of the package does not exceed 0.1 microcurie per
100cm2. [49CFR173.428; 49CFR173.443]
4 Survey the package at the surface and at 1m from the surface. Assure that the surface
radiation level does not exceed 0.5mRem/hr (5µSv/hr) and there is no measurable radiation
level at 1m from the surface. Assure that any labels which had been previously applied are
removed, obliterated or covered. Affix an EMPTY label to the package. [49CFR173.29(e);
49CFR173.428]
5 Mark the outside of the package with the statement ‘Exempt from specification
packaging, shipping paper and certification, marking and labeling and exempt from the
requirements of 49CFR Parts 171-178 except requirements within those parts relating to
the reporting of incidents and decontamination, the training requirements of Subpart H of
Part 172 and the shipping paper requirements of Subpart C of Part 172. This exemption is
Authorized per 49CFR173.428.’
Additionally, a notice must be enclosed in or on the package, included with the packaging
list or otherwise forwarded with the package. The notice must include the name of the
consignor or consignee and the statement:
‘This package conforms to the conditions and limitations specified in 49CFR173.428 for
Excepted Radioactive Material, Empty Packages, UN2908’ [49CFR173.422; 49CFR173.428]
6 Properly complete the shipping papers including:
a For all shipments the following statements:
‘Exempt From Specification Packaging, Shipping Paper and Certification, Marking and
Labeling and Exempt from the Requirements of 49CFR Parts 171-178 Except
Requirements within those Parts Relating to the Reporting of Incidents and
decontamination, the training requirements of Subpart H of Part 172 and the shipping
paper requirements of Subpart C of Part 172. This exemption is Authorized
per 49CFR173.428.’
‘This Package Conforms to the Conditions and Limitations Specified in 49CFR 173.428
for Radioactive Material, Excepted Packages - Empty Packaging, UN2908’.
b Your company's 24-hour emergency telephone number.
7 For air shipments, the shipping papers must meet the requirements specified in IATA for a
Shipper's Declaration for Dangerous Goods. In addition to the information listed in section 6
of this part, the following information needs to be specified:
5.10
SAMPLE TRANSPORTATION INSTRUCTIONS
a Air waybill number: Enter the number of the air waybill to which the declaration form
will be attached. (This may be amended by the Carrier.)
b Airport of departure: Enter the full name of the airport of city of departure, which may
be amended by the carrier.
c Airport of destination: Enter the full name of the airport or city of destination, which
may be amended by the carrier.
Part F - Carriage of radioactive material
1 Assure that the vehicle used is in good condition and carries the normal complement of
safety equipment including Radiation Area signs, a length of rope, spare tire, fire
extinguisher, a set of vehicle tools and a set of flares. Assure that the glove compartment
contains the vehicle registration certification and an operating flashlight. Additionally, assure
that the operator has a calibrated and operable survey meter and assure that all individuals
traveling in the vehicle are wearing both a film badge and a direct reading pocket dosimeter.
2 Assure that the transport package is properly packaged, marked and labeled and assure
that the proper shipping papers are completed in accordance with the instructions for
shipping radioactive material. The shipping papers must be accessible from the drivers seat.
3 Place the transport package in the vehicle. Properly brace and secure the package against
movement in the vehicle. [49CFR177.842(d)]
4 Survey the driver's compartment to assure that the radiation level does not exceed
2mRem/hr (0.02mSv/hr). [49CFR177.842(g)]
NOTE: This requirement is mandatory only for exclusive use shipments by a common carrier.
[49CFR173.441(b)(4)]
5 If the vehicle is transporting a package bearing a Radioactive Yellow III label, the vehicle
must be placarded on all four sides with a Radioactive placard.
NOTE: Operation of a vehicle which is required to be placarded requires compliance with the
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations of 49CFR Parts 390-397 and the Driver Training
requirements of 49CFR177.827; 49CFR177.804.
6 Complete the Radioactive Material Transport Checklist (see attached example). Forward a
completed copy to the Radiation Safety Officer upon completion of the carriage.
7 If the vehicle becomes disabled on the road, do not leave the vehicle unguarded when
going for help. A message for help may be sent by a passing motorist or the police may be
enlisted to guard the vehicle.
8 Should any kind of accident occur, make an immediate radiation survey to determine if
any radiation levels are unusually high. If unusual radiation levels exist, establish the boundary
of the restricted area. Keep all persons out of this area and get police assistance, if possible.
Notify the Radiation Safety Officer as soon as possible, but do not leave the scene without
assuring that the police or some other responsible party will keep people out of the area.
9 Collect information pertinent to the accident, such as names of witnesses, names of
people involved, names of police, license numbers and circumstances of the accident.
Call the Radiation Safety Officer promptly and give him as much information as possible.
10 If a source should escape from the packaging, the vehicle operator should make no attempt
to restore the source by himself. He should wait for assistance from the Radiation Safety Officer.
11 If the vehicle is going to be used for storage of radioactive material at a temporary job site:
a The vehicle's storage access entrance must be posted with ‘Caution Radioactive
Material’ signs.
b The vehicle must be secured/locked so that there is no unauthorized access.
c Radiation levels must be below 2mR/hr outside the vehicle to meet unrestricted
area requirements. 5.11
SAMPLE TRANSPORTATION INSTRUCTIONS
Destination _________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Remarks: ___________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
5.12
DEFINITIONS AND TERMS
Area alarm
An area radiation level monitor that provides a highly visual warning when the radiation
level exceeds a pre-set threshold. Commonly referred to as Gammalarms, use is required by
most jurisdictions in permanent radiographic installations and they are often used in
conjunction with door interlocks and audible alarms. Portable area alarms are required by
some jurisdictions for radiography performed at temporary job-sites.
Alarm ratemeter
An alarm worn by radiography personnel that provides a continuous audible warning
when the alarm ratemeter detects a radiation level in excess of a pre-set threshold of
500mR/hr (5mSv/hr). This redundant safety alarm is required by regulation for temporary
job-site radiography within the USA.
Apparatus for industrial gamma radiography
Apparatus including an exposure device, a source assembly as applicable, a remote control,
a projection sheath, an exposure head and accessories designed to enable radiation emitted
by a sealed radioactive source to be used for industrial gamma radiography purposes.
Also known as: isotope radiography system, isotope radiography kit.
Automatic securing mechanism
An automatically activated mechanism located on the radiographic exposure device
designed to restrict the source assembly in the secured position.
Beam limiter
A shielding device for confining the elements of a beam of radiation to an assigned
solid angle. Beam limiters are generally manufactured from lead, tungsten and
depleted Uranium and are pre-positioned over/on the radiation source's working position.
Also known as: collimators.
Control crank
A control cable cranking device that is a component of the remote controls. The control
crank is used at a distance by the radiography personnel to move the radiation source to
and from the device, through projection sheaths to and from the exposure position.
Manual control crank mechanisms are commonly used, but automatic exposure controllers
are available which can be operated from a greater distance and allows preset timing and
automatic expose and retract modes. Also known as: wind-outs, crank-outs, hand-cranks.
Control cable
A cable or other mechanical means used to project and retract the source assembly out from
and into the radiographic exposure device by means of remote control. The control cable
includes the means of attachment to the source holder. Also known as: remote control
cable, drive cable, Teleflex™.
Control cable sheath
Rigid or flexible tube for guiding the control cable from the remote to the radiographic
exposure device and providing physical protection to the control cable. The control cable
sheath includes the necessary connections for attachment to the radiographic exposure
device and to the remote control. Also known as: control cable housing, conduit.
6.1
DEFINITIONS AND TERMS
6.2
DEFINITIONS AND TERMS
which the source assembly is projected out through a projection sheath to the exposure
head for exposure. The exposure is remotely operated.)
Source holders may be an integral part of the source assembly or may be capable of being
dismantled for sealed source replacement.
Source changers
A lockable Type A or Type B transport container used to transport new sealed source
assemblies, exchange them and return depleted sealed source assemblies to the
manufacturer. Source changers are also utilized for storage of sealed source assemblies.
Also known as: source exchangers, storage containers.
Working position
Condition of the exposure container and source assembly when in the position intended for
the performance of industrial gamma radiography.
6.3
EMERGENCIES AND PERSONNEL SAFETY
Emergencies
During the termination of a radiographic exposure, observation of the survey meter
provides an indication of source movement while cranking the remote control handle.
After retracting the sealed source into the exposure device, radiographers are required to
perform a confirmatory survey of the exposure device, the projection sheaths and beam
limiter when used. Performing a confirmatory survey after a radiographic exposure is
required by regulation and is the only method that the radiographer should rely on to
determine if a source assembly is in the fully shielded position within the exposure device.
If the radiographer measures any radiation level that indicates the sealed source is not fully
shielded while performing the confirmatory survey, the radiographer must first recognize
that problem exists and then follow his company’s emergency procedures. Emergency
conditions are those problems in which the source assembly cannot be returned to the
shielded position by normal means, specifically the remote control crank mechanism.
The majority of problems experienced by radiographers are where the source assembly
becomes disconnected or when the source assembly becomes jammed in the projection
sheath while in an exposed position. The important safety points for radiographers to
follow are:
G Always perform a confirmatory survey after each exposure.
G Do not attempt to retrieve the sealed source. Secure the area and notify the
7.1
EMERGENCIES AND PERSONNEL SAFETY
8.1