Name:Orafano, Jane Irene T.

Grade & Section: 12 STEM- Milkyway

Subject: General Chemistry 2

Lesson : Quarter 4 Week 5

Practice Exercise 1

Write Kc and KP for the decomposition of nitrogen pentoxide:

4
Kc = [ NO¿¿¿¿2] [O2] ¿

P NO 4 P O
Kp = PN
2

2
2

2
O5

Practice Exercise 2

Carbonyl chloride (COCl2), also called phosgene, was used in World War I as a poisonous gas.
The equilibrium concentrations for the reaction between carbon monoxide and molecular
chlorine to form carbonyl chloride at 74°C are [CO] = 1.2 x 10- 2 M, [Cl2] = 0.054 M, and
[COCl2] = 0.14 M. Calculate the equilibrium constant (Kc).

[COCl2 ]
Kc = [ CO ] [Cl ] 2

(0.14 M )
= (1.2 ×10 −2
M )(0.054 M )

Kc = 216
Practice Exercise 3

The equilibrium constant KP for the reaction is 158 at 1000 K. Calculate PO2 if PNO2 = 0.400
atm and PNO = 0.270 atm.
 P NO 2 PO
Kp = P NO
2
2

P NO 2
PO2= KP P NO
2

(0.400)2
PO 2 = 158 (0.270)2 = 347 atm
Practice Exercise 4

Consider the following equilibrium at 395 K: The partial pressure of each gas is 0.265 atm.
Calculate KP and Kc for the reaction.

Kp = P NH 3 PH 2 S = 0.265 x 0.265 = 0.0702

Kp = K C ( RT )
∆n

Kc = K p (RT )
− ∆n
∆ n=2 −0=2 T= 295 K
Kc = 0.0702 x( 0.0821 x 295) −2

Kc = 1.20 x10 −4

Assessment
1. For which of the following reactions is Kc equal to KP?

2. Define equilibrium. Give two examples of a dynamic equilibrium

 - Dynamic equilibrium is the condition of a system in which the reversible reaction
taking place in it stops changing the ratio of reactants and products but there is still
material movement between the reactants and products.

 The concentration of carbon dioxide present in the liquid phase of a new

bottle of an aerated drink has a specified value. When the bottle is opened
and half of the drink is spilled out, the liquid carbon dioxide slowly converts
to gaseous carbon dioxide until a new point of equilibrium is achieved, at
which point the rate of CO2 conversion from gas to liquid equals the rate of
CO2 conversion from liquid to gaseous phase.
 A single-phase system in which acetic acid undergoes dissociation, leading to
an acid-base equilibrium. This state of dynamic equilibrium can be described
by the following reaction. CH3COOH ⇌ CH3COO– + H+

3. Explain the difference between physical equilibrium and chemical equilibrium.

Give two examples of each.

-A chemical equilibrium involves many substances. Physical equilibrium between two

phases of the same material is called physical equilibrium because the changes that
occur are physical processes. Chemical equilibrium may be found all over the place.
A. An example is a bottle of fizzy pleasant drink. Another example of chemical
equilibrium is the heat-assisted breakdown of calcium carbonate for the production
of lime. The vaporization of water in a closed container at a specific temperature is a
physical equilibrium, and the equilibrium between ice and water is a physical
equilibrium since no chemical reactions occur. Any pure material can exist in both
solid and liquid phases at the melting point.

4.What is the law of mass action?

-- At a given temperature, the ratio of product to reactant concentrations or

partial pressures at equilibrium has a different value when each term is raised to a
power equal to the coefficient of that substance in the balanced chemical equation
for the reaction.

5. Briefly describe the importance of equilibrium in the study of chemical reactions.

-Equilibrium is important in chemical reaction research since it reveals the

reaction's direction. In the chemical equilibrium state, the rate of forward and
backward reactions equalizes, and the concentrations of products and reactants
remain constant. Chemical equilibrium is defined as no net change in the proportions
of reactants and products during a reversible chemical reaction. The products of
reversible chemical reactions react with the initial reactants to form the final
products.

6. Define homogeneous equilibrium and heterogeneous equilibrium. Give two

examples of each.

-- A homogeneous equilibrium is one in which all species are present in the same
phase. Common examples include gas-phase or solution reactions. A heterogeneous
equilibrium results from a reversible reaction involving reactants and products that
are in different phases. Common examples include reactions involving solids and
gases, or solids and liquids.

Homogenous Equilibrium examples :

a) N2(g)+H2(g)⇌NH3(g]
b) N2(g)+O2(g)⇌NO2(g)

Heterogeneous Equilibrium examples:

a) CaCO3(s)⇌CaO(s)+CO2(g)
b) H2O(s)⇌H2O(l)

7. What do the symbols Kc and KP represent?

-Kc and Kp are the equilibrium constants for gaseous mixtures. However, molar
concentrations dictate Kc, whereas partial pressures of gases inside a closed
system determine Kp. Single component concentrations, such as liquids and
solids, are not included in the equilibrium constants, and they may have units
depending on the reaction (although thermodynamic equilibrium constants do
not).

8. Write the expressions for the equilibrium constants KP of the following thermal
decomposition reactions:

(a). Kp= PCO P H O

2 2

(b). Kp= PSO PO

2
2
2
9. Write equilibrium constant expressions for Kc, and for KP, if applicable, for the following
processes:

2
P P
(a). Kc= [CO] [O2 ] ; Kp= CO CO
¿¿ ¿¿

2 2
(b). Kc= [O3 ] ; Kp= [ PO ] 3

¿¿ ¿¿

[COCl¿¿ 2] COCl (P )
(c). Kc= [CO ][Cl ] ¿ ; Kp= ( P )( P ) 2

2 CO Cl 2

[ CO ] [H 2] P CO PH
(d). Kc= ; Kp= P
2

[ H 2 O] H O 2

(e). Kc= ¿ ¿

(f). Kc= [O2 ¿ ; Kp= PO 2

10. Consider the following equilibrium process at 700°C:

Analysis shows that there are 2.50 moles of H2, 1.35 x 10-5 mole of S2, and 8.70 moles of
H2S present in a 12.0-L flask. Calculate the equilibrium constant Kc for the reaction.

2.50 moles
¿ ¿] = = 0.208 M
12.0 L
 −5
1.35× 10
¿ ¿] = = 1.12 x 10^-6 M
12.0 L

8.70 moles
¿ ¿] = = 0.725 M
12.0 L
2
Kc= [ H¿2¿S]
2
Kc = [0.725 M ]
¿¿

Kc= 10847541.51 or 1.08 x 107