Definations of The Key Concepts Curriculum Studies
Definations of The Key Concepts Curriculum Studies
Definations of The Key Concepts Curriculum Studies
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Description
By the end of this topic, you will be expected to be able to
1. Discuss both the broad and comprehensive definitions of the concept of Education
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Table of contents
1. EDUCATION CONCEPT
1.1. Functions of Education
1.2. Types of Formal Education
1.3. Stages of Formal Education
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1. EDUCATION CONCEPT
1.
Broad
definition of education
o Whether
a student learns something or not is immaterial.
o
The more years of
education the better. This is commonly referred to as schooling.
o
A defined amount of knowledge has to be
acquired when one attending school.
Broad
definitions of curriculum provide a general idea about what education is all but fail to articulate concisely what education is. This is
provided by comprehensive definitions
that capture what education all aspects of education
i) Oluoch(1984) gave a comprehensive definition of education as – The process of acquiring and developing desirable knowledge, skills and
attitudes’.
He underscored the
importance of the following key terms used in the definition
a)
Process
– emphasize that that education is a continuous activity with several stages
but have an end.
b)
‘Develop’
- underscore the fact that acquisition of knowledge is not a one short affair.
It takes time to acquire an education.
ii)
Another comprehensive
definition of education that is more complete as t gives the function of
education is -The process of acquiring
the desirable knowledge, skills, and attitudes to fit well in society and
become a useful member of society.
iii)
Education is also defined as a process of bringing desirable changes in the behavior of human beings
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Watch this 40 minutes video below on the meaning of education by Satish Kumar
1.
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Function of Education
Watch the 20 minutes video below by Claire Boonstra on the purpose of education
2. Which is the most important function of education among the four suggested by Boonstra?
1. Intellectual
functions
2. Productive
function
3. Social
functions
Taba
(1962) summarizes the functions of education as;-
a)
process of preserving and
transmitting preserving cultural heritage.
b)
Instrument for transforming culture
4. Personal
Function. Serves in developing individual
skills and talents for self-fulfillment.
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There are
basically four types of education namely;
1. Formal
education
It is referred to as mainstream or
traditional education.
2. Adult
education
It
maybe in a formal class, home-based learning, e-learning and self-directed
learning. It is flexible learner-oriented and built on learner
participation. Adult education is also
diversified in content and method
3. Alternative
education
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There
are basically four stages of formal education. These are;
4.
Higher
education (tertiary)
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12/3/22, 9:36 PM DEFINATIONS OF THE KEY CONCEPTS CURRICULUM STUDIES
The
Concept of Curriculum
Begin this subtopic by watching the 8 minutes video by Professor Suseela whose link is provided below.
https://www.coursera.org/lecture/teacher-curriculum/lecture-1-the-concept-of-curriculum-E3qXv
1. What
examiners require teachers to emphasize in their teaching.
·2. What
should be taught in a particular subject.
3. Sum
total of syllabuses of the school.
4 Combinations
of classroom and out-of-classroom activities carried out in a school.
5 Lessons
and academic content taught in a school
6. All
courses offered in a school
7 Prescribed
course of study which students must fulfill in order to pass a certain level of
education.
8. Prescribed
course of studies required in order to receive a certificate
Narrow definitions of curriculum do not tell all what curriculum really entails. This can only be provided by comprehensive definitions
of the
curriculum
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Begin this section by watching the three minutes video that describes
1.
All
learning that is planned and guided by the school, whether carried out in
groups or individually inside or outside the school. (Kerr 1968)
2.
All
learning experiences planned and
directed by the school to attain its education goals
3.
All
activities in the school that is planned to enable the students to acquire and develop
the desired knowledge, skills, and attitudes. (
Oluoch,1984). There are other
definitions by different scholars
4.
All
planned learning outcomes for which the
school is responsible (James Pophan and
Ever Baker(1970)
1.
All
experience children have under the guidance of teachers (Caswell &
Campbell, 1935)
2.
All
experiences of the child for which the school accepts responsibility (Ragan,
1960)
3.
All
student school experiences relating to the improvement of skills and strategies
in thinking critically and creatively, solving problems, and
working
collaboratively with others. communicating well, writing more effectively,
reading more analytically, and conducting research to solve
problems (Brown,
2006)
4.
A
curriculum is a “plan or program of all experiences which the learner
encounters under the direction of a school” (Tanner & Tanner, 1995).
Activity.
Search
for other prescriptive and descriptive definitions of curriculum from books and the
internet.
It is important
to note that the experience a learner undergoes in school is meant to influence
character building and moral training through
physical activities and social
responsibilities organized by the school. Instruction in school subjects in only
a part and not necessarily the most
important part of the school curriculum. School
curriculum is concerned with the whole moral, intellectual, emotional, and
social development of
a child.
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Start the topic by watching the following 6 minutes student's presentation on the different types of curriculum
Types of Curriculum
Types
of Curricula
i)
Recommended
Curriculum
This is the curriculum that is recommended by individual scholars, professional associations, and reform
commissions. It stresses on
‘oughtness’ of a curriculum identifying skills and
concepts that ought to be emphasized according to the perceptions and values.
ii)
Written
Curriculum
Is
the curriculum that is intended primarily to ensure that the educational goals
of the system are accomplished, it is more specific and
comprehensive than the
recommended curriculum.
It
is a compromise between what the experts think should be taught and what teachers
believe can be taught under given prevailing
circumstances.
iii)
Supported
curriculum
It
is the curriculum as reflected in and shaped by the resources allocated to
support and deliver it. The resources critical in curriculum delivery
include
time, personnel, textbooks, and other learning resources.
iv)
The
taught curriculum
v)
The
Tested Curriculum
Ii
the curriculum that is in material form (aligned) to standardized tests
developed by the states.
vi)
The
learned curriculum
It
is all changes in values perceptions and behavior that occur as a result of
school experiences, Include What students understand, learn, and
retain from
both the intentional curriculum and the hidden curriculum.
vii)
Excluded
curriculum
It
is the curriculum that has been left out, either intentionally or unintentionally.
Eisner (1979) terms this the "null curriculum,"
Recommended reading
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12/3/22, 9:36 PM DEFINATIONS OF THE KEY CONCEPTS CURRICULUM STUDIES
Start this sub-topic by watching the four minutes video on the formal and non formal dimensions of curriculum
1.
Formal
dimension
Refers to the
curriculum that is laid down as the syllabus to be learned by students. It is
the officially selected body of knowledge that the
government, through the
Ministry of Education or anybody offering education, wants students to learn.
Formal curriculum is an
institutionalized activity and is articulated by the written document that
specifies what is to be taught and how it will be
taught and evaluated. This is
the curriculum dimension that is ‘planned for’ or predetermined part of the curriculum. The formal dimension of the
curriculum is therefore the learning that is
planned well in advance and aimed at achieving some specified goals.
2.
Non-formal curriculum
3. Informal
curriculum
Hidden curriculum
It
is sometimes called an unstudied curriculum or an implicit curriculum. It is those
aspects of schooling other than the intended curriculum that
seem to provide
changes in students’ values perceptions and behaviors The change in students’
behavior may be positive or negative. It
is a
non-academic but educationally significant component of schooling. The
influence of the hidden curriculum manifests itself in the student’s
behavior
and attitudes during and after completing school. It is usually remembered
longer than the information learned formally in school. It
therefore should be
acknowledged and treated
as an integral part of the planned and guided learning experiences.
End this lesson by watching this video thatprovide more information on the dimensions of the curriculum'.
https://www.coursera.org/lecture/teacher-curriculum/lecture-2-aspects-of-curriculum-YbAbW
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