SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

Name: Marc Jesse A. Pelagio Date: March 28, 2023

Course & Section: BS ChE 1A Score:

ASSESSMENT TASK:

A. DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

1. Describe briefly how science and technology evolved during each period in
history.

PERIOD HOW SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EVOLVED

Spanish The development of science and technology in the Philippines was
Colonial Era aided by the Spanish colonization, which established scientific
institutions and formal schooling. Parish schools allowed for the
teaching of music, reading, writing, math, and religion. Later, the
Spanish built colleges and institutions, such as the University of
Santo Tomas, which is the oldest continuously operating university
in Asia.
American The Bureau of Government Laboratories was founded by the
Period and Philippine Commission in 1901 and housed inside the Department
Post of Interior. The Bureau of Science, which focused on the research of
Commonwealt tropical illnesses, took the position in 1905 and the Philippine
h Era National Research Council was acknowledged in 1933. Until World
War II, the Bureau of Science served as the Philippines' main
research institution, focusing on forestry, agriculture, and food
processing. Moreover, The Institute of Science and Bureau of
Science were established in 1946 and 1958, respectively, under
President Carlos P. Garcia's administration. The National Science
Development Board was founded by the Science Act of 1958, which
was enacted by the Philippine Congress. Free trade agreements
with the US cultivated an economy based on commerce and
agriculture.
Marcos Era Science was prioritized during the Marcos Regime. Marcos declared
and Martial that science and technology had priority in national development
Law during his two terms of presidency and during Martial Law. He
established the Philippine Atomic Energy Commission to explore the
uses of atomic energy for economic development, the Philippine
Council for Agricultural Research to support the progressive
development of agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, and the
 Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services
(PAGASA) to provide environmental protection and utilize scientific
knowledge to ensure the safety of the people. In 1976, the National
Academy of Science and Technology was established and was
composed of scientists with "innovative achievement in the basic
and applied sciences" to serve as a reservoir of scientific and
technological expertise for the country. The National Science and
Technology Authority (NSTA) was created in 1982 to provide central
direction and coordination of scientific and technological research
and development, and the Mindanao and Visayas campuses of the
Philippine Science High School were established to encourage
careers in science and technology.
Fifth Republic During Corazon Aquino's presidency, the National Science and
Technology Authority was replaced by the Department of Science
and Technology. Under the Medium-Term Philippine Development
Pan for the years 1987-1992, science and technology's role in
economic recovery and sustained economic growth was highlighted.
The first Science and Technology Master Plan or STMP was
formulated in 1988 to achieve newly industrialized country status for
the year 2000. R.A. 6655 opened free education at the secondary
level and the "Science for the Masses Program" aimed at scientific
and technological literacy among Filipinos.
President Fidel During President Fidel V. Ramos' term, there was a significant
V. Ramos’ increase in personnel specializing in science and technology, and
Term the Department of Science and Technology initiated a Science and
Technology Agenda for Development (STAND). In 1998, a
presidential task force was formed to formulate a science and
Technology development program to support the national
development goal of attaining a newly industrialized country (NIC)
status by 2000. This plan included six flagship programs:
Comprehensive program to enhance technology enterprises,
Integrated program on clean technologies, Establishment of a
packaging R and D center; Expansion of regional meteorology
centers; S & T intervention program for the poor, vulnerable and
disabled; and Comprehensive science and technology program for
Mindanao. President Ramos established programs to promote
science and technology in the Philippines, such as the Science and
Technology Agenda for National Development (STAND) and the
 Magna Carta for Science and Technology Personnel, Science and
Technology Scholarship Law, and Inventors and Inventions
Incentives Act.
President President Joseph Estrada signed two major legislations during his
Joseph term: the Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 and the Electronic
Estrada’s Term Commerce Act of 2000. He also launched a full-scale program
based on cost-effective irrigation technologies and announced dole-
outs to provide basic health care, nutrition, and education to those
who cannot afford it.
President The Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo administration was dubbed the
Gloria M. "golden age" of science and technology in the Philippines, with
Arroyo’s Term numerous laws and projects to increase the country's economic
level. The term "Filipinovation" was coined to help the Philippines
become an innovation hub in Asia. The Philippine Science High
School (PSHS) was strengthened to focus on science, technology
and mathematics, and private sectors were encouraged to
participate in developing the schools. The Biofuels Act was passed
to promote the development and usage of biofuels, and drought-free
rice was encouraged to be used to produce rice despite
environmental hazards.
President The government passed Republic Act 10601 to improve the
Benigno C. efficiency of both land and water in the Agriculture and Fisheries
Aquino’s Term Sector through Mechanization (AFMech). It also covers research,
development, and extension (RDE), promotion, distribution, supply,
assembling, manufacturing, regulation, use, operation, maintenance
and project implementation of agricultural and fisheries machinery
and equipment. The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) is
an international research consortium that serves to improve the rice
production and quality through biotechnology and research. In 2014,
gross domestic product (GDP) increased by 6.13%. The
Harmonized Agenda for Science and Technology was presented to
President Aquino in 2014 and included two crucial issues, inclusive
growth and disaster risk reduction. Republic Act No. 19844 was
signed into law in 2015 to take charge of planning, developing, and
promoting the national ICT development agenda.

2. Write your own impression on the current science education in the Philippines.
3. List some concrete products in science you see in the society today.