Ethics Coursework

20169014 Business Ethics and Sustainability BUSI3182 2022
Question bank:
1. Should we define what term CSOs mean? Or assume they already know
what it is?
Notes:
 Talk about ‘Net-Zero’ standard and the Paris Agreement.
 Talk about UK legal goal of Net Zero by 2050
 Talk about P/L/U (Stakeholder salience, Mitchell, Eagle, and Wood 1997)
and normative & descriptive theories
 Talk about theories such as Utilitarianism by J. Bentham, Ethical Egoism by
Adam Smith…
 Talk about 17 UN SDGs
 CG has higher P, L and U on HC since it is about global matter. Risks are
applied to everyone, and it is of a global issue. ORG is concerned with data
rights and curious whether the data will be used for the correct purpose or
not. Matter is not that Urgent, nor of Power but ORG may have a
Legitimate claim.
Template
1. Intro
2. Who, what, how for CSO 1 and CSO 2
3. Ethical issues with Halo Chip
4. Link media source 1, media source 2
5. How CSO 1 might react, How CSO 2 might react
6. Link with Stakeholder Salience
7. Use of theories
8. Limitations of theories
9. Conclusion
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Brief: You are a management consultant working for a firm that is renowned for
its ethical insight into business risk scenarios
 Explain why the Halo Chip presents an ethical issue (or issues) to each
stakeholder and consider any associated implications for the SDGs
 Evaluate and synthesise the nature and intensity of each stakeholder’s

reactions to the chip
 Identify some limitations of the theories you have applied
Evaluate how key stakeholders, namely 2 CSOs might respond to Halochip
Introduction – 200
Ethics and sustainability are separate concepts yet complimentary to each

other to which businesses must comply with in this generation to stay profitable
to all stakeholders. However, not all sustainable ideas are always ethical. For
example, replacing a solar farm to displace an impoverished village. Thus,
achieving sustainability from an ethical standpoint may not always be
straightforward. Business ethics are activities seen as acceptable by society
which go beyond the law. Corporate Social Responsibility acts as self-regulating
method organisations comply with to leave positive impacts through its
operation. Corporate sustainability is a pillar within CSR that represents
environmental, social and governance practises (ESG). Sustainability itself has
three main pillars, these are economic, environmental, and social –
corresponding with people, planet, and profits. This means that corporations are
expected to meet current demands without jeopardising the ability to meet
future generations demands. For example, using limited resources when there
are renewable alternatives. Corporations have a major influence in the society;
therefore, it is vital for them to act sustainably responsible to divert risk of global
warming. Scientists discovered that planet earth is at risk of global warming from
studies showing that substantial changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels
can influence surface temperature through the greenhouse effects. Though
majority of the excessive emission is produced by humans burning fossil fuel like
coal, natural gas, and oil; processes since Industrial Revolution are partly
accountable too. Overtime, as warmer temperatures alter weather conditions

and disrupt balance of nature, all forms of life on earth – including human beings
- are at risk of extinction. The Halochip proposes a solution that can potentially
decrease the likelihood of global warming, however, there are social issues with
this proposal. Like mentioned earlier, ethical sustainability is not as easy as it
seems on the surface. This paper serves to evaluate how two CSOs are
likely to respond to the Halochip. The chosen stakeholders are Open
Rights Group and Climate Group. The second part of this paper will
look at how much attention should Halocorp attribute to each CSOs
using the ‘Stakeholder Salience’. To end with, applications of theories
will be applied with its limitation and a conclusion.
Although the definition of a stakeholder varies between academic

commentators, a generally accepted one has been of Edward Freemans’ which is
any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of the
organisations’ objectives. However, according to Mitchell et al. 1997, the decision
about how to define stakeholders is consequential, as it affects who and what
counts. A group considered stakeholder to Halocorp are civil society
organisations (CSOs). These are not-for-profit non-government organisation
formed by a community of advocates for societal interests, causes and/or goals
at domestic and international levels.
TWO CSOs
Open Rights Group are a UK based CSO who preserve digital rights of the society
including privacy and free speech online. They do this by active public
campaigns, media awareness, policy interventions, legal actions, tech projects
and research. Open Rights Group are likely to question Halo Corps about the data
that the chip will store and specifically who is in control of it. This is a vital
concern for ORG challenge government surveillance of personal communications
and private companies who use user data to increase their profits. Climate Group
- another CSO - founded in 2003 with offices around the world including London.
CR challenge and help organisations to make commitments to cap global
warming at 1.5 degrees Celsius. CR aims to cut carbon emissions by 2050 to net
zero to avoid disastrous effects of climate change. They also build and run
networks of organisations to enforce power of collective action, promote climate

change and raise awareness. Unlike, ORG who would be against HC, CG’s
reaction toward Halocorp may be positive and encouraging since both
organisations share the same goal of cutting carbon emissions.
Stakeholder Salience
Stakeholder Identification and Salience theory introduced by Mitchell et al

in 1997 is a competing model which serves for managers to identify stakeholders
based on its power, urgency, and legitimacy of interest. Using this model, we can
identify which stakeholder should be of managers top priority and interest.
[Insert P/L/U diagram below]
Explain why the Halo Chip presents an ethical issue (or issues) to each
stakeholder and consider any associated implications for the SDGs
Conclusion – 200
 Halo chip will help to overcome the issue of minimising the global risk of
climate change
 Utilitarianism (greatest happiness principle) theory would say this action is
morally right
 Here, benefits may outweigh costs
 Based on cost-benefit analysis says this action is right
 Genome editing is considered unethical and dangerous
References and bibliography
 Mitchell, R. K., Agle, B. R., & Wood, D. J. (1997). Toward a theory of

stakeholder identification and salience: Defining the principle of who and
what really counts. Academy of Management Review, 22(4): 853-886.
 Lecture 4 ‘Normative and Descriptive Ethical Theories’ from Business

Ethics and Sustainability Nottingham University Business School
 Kollewe, J., 2018. Alarm over talks to implant UK employees with

microchips. the Guardian.
<https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/nov/11/alarm-over-talks-
to-implant-uk-employees-with-microchips?fbclid=IwAR3ZvgSuuBc0ECccf-
mbeL_oF0UjuvvVJCh5fZbr1TIipJsLdbggZE1T1lY>
 Open Rights Group. n.d. Home <https://www.openrightsgroup.org/>
 Climate Group. n.d. Home. <https://www.theclimategroup.org/>
 Sdgs.un.org. n.d. THE 17 GOALS | Sustainable Development. [online]

Available at: <https://sdgs.un.org/goals> [Accessed 3 April 2022].
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20169014 Business Ethics and Sustainability BUSI3182 2022

 Evaluate and synthesise the nature and intensity of each stakeholder’s

 Identify some limitations of the theories you have applied

Evaluate how key stakeholders, namely 2 CSOs might respond to Halochip

Ethics and sustainability are separate concepts yet complimentary to each

accountable too. Overtime, as warmer temperatures alter weather conditions

Although the definition of a stakeholder varies between academic

networks of organisations to enforce power of collective action, promote climate

Stakeholder Identification and Salience theory introduced by Mitchell et al

References and bibliography

 Mitchell, R. K., Agle, B. R., & Wood, D. J. (1997). Toward a theory of

 Lecture 4 ‘Normative and Descriptive Ethical Theories’ from Business

 Kollewe, J., 2018. Alarm over talks to implant UK employees with

 Open Rights Group. n.d. Home <https://www.openrightsgroup.org/>

 Climate Group. n.d. Home. <https://www.theclimategroup.org/>

 Sdgs.un.org. n.d. THE 17 GOALS | Sustainable Development. [online]

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