Lie Detection Techniques
Lie Detection Techniques
Lie Detection Techniques
• Trial by Ordeal
• Trial by Iron Hot Ordeal
• Ordeal by Balance
• Ordeal of Rice Chewing
• Donkey’s Tall Ordeal
Polygraph
• The polygraph is used to test or question
individuals for the purpose of detecting
deception or verifying truth of
statements through a visual, permanent
and simultaneous recording of a person’s
cardiovascular and respiratory pattern as
a minimum instrumentation
requirement.
• A polygraph (commonly referred to as a lie detector)
is an instrument that measures and records several
physiological responses such as:
– blood pressure,
– pulse,
– respiration and
– skin conductivity
• PRE-TEST INTERVIEW
• ACTUAL interrogation and
recording through the
instrument
• POST-TEST INTERVIEW
Initial Interview with the Investigator
•IRRELEVANT
•RELEVANT
•CONTROL
IRRELEVANT QUESTIONS
• These are questions which have no bearing to
the case under investigation.
• The question may refer to the subject’s age,
educational attainment, marital status,
citizenship, occupation, etc.
• The examiner asks these types of questions to
ascertain the subject’s normal pattern of
response by eliminating the feeling of
apprehension.
RELEVANT QUESTIONS
• These are questions pertaining to the
issue under investigation. They must be
unambiguous, unequivocal and
understandable to the subject.
• They must be related to one issue or one
criminal act.
• It is equally important to limit the
number of relevant questions to avoid
discomfort to the subject.
Control Questions
• These are questions which are
unrelated to the matter under
investigation but are of similar
nature although less serious as
compared to those relevant
questions under investigation.
Test Construction applied are of two
main types.
• General Peak Tension Test
• Peak of Tension Test
General Peak Tension Test
• The general question test consist of a
series of relevant and irrelevant
questioned asked in a planned order.
• Example:
1. Have you ever been called by the name
Fred? (Irrelevant)
2. Is today Friday? (Irrelevant)
• Do you have anything to do with the robbery
at Goodwill Grocery last night? (relevant)
• Did you robbed the Goodwill Grocery last
night? (relevant)
• Are you over twenty years of age? (irrelevant)
• Do you know is any of the fingerprints found
at goodwill Grocery is yours? (relevant)
• Do you drink water? (Irrelevant)
• Do you know of anyone involved in the
robbery of Goodwill Grocery last night?
(Relevant)
Peak of Tension Test
• This valid test is only made when there is no
widespread publicity about the crime.
• Example:
1. Do you know whether the stolen watch from
Fred is Boluva?
2. It is an Elgin?
3. Is it a Colorado?
4. Is it a Rolex?
POST-TEST INTERROGATION
• To clarify the findings
• To learn if there are any other reasons for the
subject’s responding to a relevant question,
other than the knowledge of the crime.
• To obtain additional information and an
admission for law enforcement purposes, if he
results suggest deception.
There are three basic approaches to
the polygraph test:
Thank you……….