Mechanics of Materials: Torsion
Mechanics of Materials: Torsion
Mechanics of Materials: Torsion
CHAPTER MECHANICS OF
MATERIALS
3 Ferdinand P. Beer
E. Russell Johnston, Jr.
John T. DeWolf Torsion
David F. Mazurek
Sanjeev Sanghi
Lecture Notes:
Brock E. Barry
U.S. Military Academy
Sanjeev Sanghi
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Contents
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Beer • Johnston • DeWolf • Mazurek • Sanghi
Torsional Loads on Circular Shafts
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Beer • Johnston • DeWolf • Mazurek • Sanghi
Torsional Loads on Circular Shafts
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Net Torque Due to Internal Stresses
Fig. 3.24 ( a) Free body diagram of section • Unlike the normal stress due to axial loads, the
BC with torque at C represented by the
representable contributions of small elements distribution of shearing stresses due to torsional
of area carrying forces dF a radius r from loads cannot be assumed uniform.
the section center. ( b) Free- body diagram
of section BC having all the small area
elements summed resulting in torque T.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Beer • Johnston • DeWolf • Mazurek • Sanghi
Fig. 3.5 Small element in shaft showing how • Conditions of equilibrium require the
shear stress components act.
existence of equal stresses on the faces of the
two planes containing the axis of the shaft.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Beer • Johnston • DeWolf • Mazurek • Sanghi
Shaft Deformations
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Beer • Johnston • DeWolf • Mazurek • Sanghi
Shearing Strain
• It follows that
rf
Lg = rf or g =
L
• Shear strain is proportional to twist and radius
cf r
g max = and g = g max
Fig. 3.13 Shearing Strain Kinematic definitions L c
for torsion deformation. ( a) The angle of
twist f ( b) Undeformed portion of shaft of
radius r with ( c) Deformed portion of the
shaft having same angle of twist, f and strain,
angles of twist per unit length, g.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Beer • Johnston • DeWolf • Mazurek • Sanghi
Normal Stresses
• Elements with faces parallel and perpendicular
to the shaft axis are subjected to shear stresses
only. Normal stresses, shearing stresses or a
Fig. 3.17 Circular shaft with stress elements at combination of both may be found for other
different orientations. orientations.
• Consider an element at 45o to the shaft axis,
F = 2 (t max A0 ) cos 45° = t max A0 2
F t max A0 2
s 45o = = = t max
A A0 2
Fig. 3.18 Forces on faces at 45° to shaft axis.
• Element a is in pure shear.
• Element c is subjected to a tensile stress on
two faces and compressive stress on the other
two.
• Note that all stresses for elements a and c have
Fig. 3.19 Shaft elements with only shear the same magnitude.
stresses or normal stresses.